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Journal articles on the topic 'Animal populations – South Africa'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Pretorius, Yolanda, Marion E. Garaï, and Lucy A. Bates. "The status of African elephant Loxodonta africana populations in South Africa." Oryx 53, no. 4 (2018): 757–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317001454.

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AbstractWith an increase in poaching of elephants Loxodonta africana across Africa, it is vital to know exactly how many elephants remain and where they occur, to ensure that protection and management are planned appropriately. From a nationwide survey we provide current population and distribution data for elephants in South Africa. We consider the viability of elephant populations in the country, as well as some of the management techniques implemented and how effective these are in controlling elephant numbers. According to our surveys there were 28,168 elephants in South Africa as of Decem

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KLASS, ANNA L., ALEXANDER V. KONDAKOV, ILYA V. VIKHREV, et al. "Is the South African leech Barbronia gwalagwalensis Westergren & Siddall, 2004 (Hirudinida: Erpobdelliformes: Salifidae) a Paleotropical species?" Zootaxa 4974, no. 3 (2021): 585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.3.7.

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The freshwater leech family Salifidae Johansson has a Paleotropical range, with a hotspot of species richness in the Oriental Region, and a few species endemic to Africa, Madagascar, and Reunion. Barbronia gwalagwalensis Westergren & Siddall, 2004 was thought to be a characteristic example of the latter group being a lineage endemic to South Africa. However, we found that this species also occurs in Asia (Myanmar and Korea). Our time-calibrated phylogeny based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene reveals that the split between the African and Asian populations of

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Haikukutu, L., T. O. Itenge, L. Bosman, C. Visser, and E. van Marle-Köster. "Genetic variability of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (DRB3) in South African and Namibian beef cattle breeds." Advances in Animal Biosciences 8, s1 (2017): s19—s21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470017001625.

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The major histocompatibility complex region has been implicated in explaining some of the variation observed in adaptability and tick susceptibility of cattle. The bovine leukocyte antigen region of 192 cattle representing indigenous, composite and exotic breeds used in commercial beef production in Namibia and South Africa was investigated using four microsatellite markers. Ticks counted under the tail were taken as an indicator of tick susceptibility. Tick scores of all but one population was low (11 to 20 ticks), with only the South African Bonsmara population having an average score of 31

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Labuschagne, Christiaan, Lisa Nupen, Antoinette Kotzé, J. Paul Grobler, and Desiré L. Dalton. "Genetic monitoring of ex situ African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus) populations in South Africa." African Zoology 51, no. 2 (2016): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2016.1186499.

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SYMES, CRAIG T., and STEPHAN WOODBORNE. "Migratory connectivity and conservation of the Amur Falcon Falco amurensis: a stable isotope perspective." Bird Conservation International 20, no. 2 (2010): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270910000237.

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SummaryStable isotopes (δD, δ13C, δ15N) were measured in adult and juvenile Amur Falcon Falco amurensis feathers to understand the migratory connectivity of this species. Using the OIPC (Online Isotopes in Precipitation Calculator) and a calibration curve for American Kestrels Falco sparverius we predicted the breeding range of South African Amur Falcons in the Palaearctic. δD values for juvenile feathers (mean ± SE = -58.1 ± 2.5‰, range -83.9 to -25.7‰) and predicted Palaearctic annual precipitation values indicated that juvenile Amur Falcons in South Africa originated from across their entir

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MOUND, LAURENCE A., and MICHAEL STILLER. "Species of the genus Scirtothrips from Africa (Thysanoptera, Thripidae)." Zootaxa 2786, no. 1 (2011): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2786.1.4.

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A key is provided to 14 species of Scirtothrips recorded from Africa south of the Sahara, including Cape Verde Islands. S. dodonaeae sp. n. is described from Dodonaea in South Africa, and the possibility is discussed that South African populations here referred to as S. aff. dorsalis represent a new species. Type specimens of the six Scirtothrips species described by J.C.Faure have been re-examined, and brief diagnoses are provided for all 14 species.

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Mamogobo, M. D., N. O. Mapholi, K. A. Nephawe, et al. "Genetic characterisation of non-descript cattle populations in communal areas of South Africa." Animal Production Science 61, no. 1 (2021): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an20030.

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Context Indigenous cattle breeds represent an important genetic resource for livelihood of communal-area inhabitants. Indigenous breeds have the ability to withstand harsh climatic conditions, can adapt genetically to poor-quality forages and are resistant to parasites and diseases. These unique traits possessed by indigenous breeds are under threat because of unrestrained crossing with exotic commercial breeds, and this can lead to total loss of a breed. Aims The study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of South African non-descript communal beef cattle pop

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Larbes, Said, D. James Harris, Catarina Pinho, Alexandra Lima, José Carlos Brito, and Miguel Carretero. "Relationships of Podarcis wall lizards from Algeria based on mtDNA data." Amphibia-Reptilia 30, no. 4 (2009): 483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853809789647103.

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AbstractRecent molecular studies indicate that Podarcis wall lizards occurring in the southern region of the Iberian Peninsula and in North Africa, from south Morocco to eastern Tunisia, constitute a monophyletic group composed of several highly differentiated forms that appear to be incipient species. However, Algerian populations, which are geographically intermediate, have not been investigated so far. In this study we determine the levels of genetic variability between Algerian populations and other North African populations, using a more extensive sampling scheme covering most of the dist

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SINEV, ARTEM YU. "Cladocerans of the Alona affinis (Leydig, 1860) group from South Africa." Zootaxa 1990, no. 1 (2009): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1990.1.3.

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Study of South African populations of chydorid cladocerans in the Alona affinis-group (Anomopoda: Chydoridae) revealed two closely related species, Alona affinis (Leydig, 1860) and a second, previously unknown, species A. martensi sp. n. No significant differences were seen between South African and Eurasian populations of A. affinis sensu stricto. A. martensi sp. n. differs from other species of the affinis-group by a shorter spine on the basal segment of antennal exopodite, and can be distinguished from A. affinis by a number of additional morphological characters. A. affinis is distributed

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Lewis, Ceri, and Perikles Karageorgopoulos. "A new species of Marphysa (Eunicidae) from the western Cape of South Africa." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, no. 2 (2008): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540800009x.

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The eunicid polychaete Marphysa sanguinea was until recently believed to be a cosmopolitan species, with a distribution ranging from the south-west coast of England to the Pacific coast of America, and New Zealand and Australia in the western Pacific. However, there are many morphological and ecological inter-population differences that render the definitive identification of these numerous populations difficult. The recent designation of a neotype, together with a more detailed morphological description of specimens from the type locality in south-west England, has allowed the concept that M.

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Woodroffe, Rosie, and Joshua R. Ginsberg. "Conserving the African wild dog Lycaon pictus. II. Is there a role for reintroduction?" Oryx 33, no. 2 (1999): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1999.00053.x.

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AbstractAfrican wild dogs Lycaon pictus have been extirpated across most of West and central Africa, and greatly depleted in eastern and southern Africa. Given an urgent need for population recovery, especially in West and central Africa, this paper discusses the possibilities for using reintroduction to re-establish wild dog populations. Reintroduction is probably now technically possible, as long as release groups include wildcaught animals; several past attempts failed because captive-reared animals lacked skills needed to survive in the wild. However, reintroduction has only a limited role

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Hurford, J. L., A. T. Lombard, A. C. Kemp, and G. A. Benn. "Geographical analysis of six rare bird species in the Kruger National Park, South Africa." Bird Conservation International 6, no. 2 (1996): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900003026.

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SummaryTwenty-eight predominantly tropical bird species have ranges that only just extend into the north-eastern part of South Africa, mainly within the Kruger National Park (KNP). These species are listed as “rare” (200 breeding pairs) in the South African Red Data Book (Brooke 1984). This study assesses the extent to which six of these rare bird species represent viable populations in the KNP. Grid squares in the KNP (2.5 × 2.5 miles) were visually assessed according to several bird habitat parameters. Bird records were also plotted on this grid system and habitat associations were identifie

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NERETINA, ANNA N., ALEXEY A. KOTOV, and KAY VAN DAMME. "A new case of false “wide” distribution for tropical cladocerans: the genus Notoalona Rajapaksa & Fernando, 1987 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the Old World." Zootaxa 4615, no. 3 (2019): 489–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.3.5.

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Members of the genus Notoalona Rajapaksa & Fernando, 1987 (Cladocera: Chydoridae: Aloninae) are small-sized chydorids, inhabiting tropical water bodies around the World. Based on morphological features two species, N. globulosa (Daday, 1898) and N. pseudomacronyx Van Damme, Maiphae & Sa-Ardrit, 2013, were revealed in tropical Asia, but the status of African populations has remained unclear for a long time. Some authors identified African specimens as N. globulosa, others considered them as potentially new species awaiting description. Here we reexamined morphology of Notoalona populati

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Van Marle-Köster, Este, Carina Visser, Judith Sealy, and Laurent Frantz. "Capitalizing on the Potential of South African Indigenous Beef Cattle Breeds: A Review." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (2021): 4388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084388.

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Cattle populations arrived in Southern Africa almost 2000 years ago, brought by farming communities migrating southwards. For centuries, cattle have been an integral component of livestock production to meet the animal protein needs of a growing population and they are also important in many cultural and religious events, as repositories of wealth and signifiers of social status. Selection within these cattle populations led to the development of breeds such as the Nguni, Afrikaner and Drakensberger that are well adapted to the local production environment. Genetic information has been generat

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Pienaar, L., JP Grobler, FWC Neser, et al. "Genetic diversity in selected stud and commercial herds of the Afrikaner cattle breed." South African Journal of Animal Science 44, no. 5 (2015): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v44i5.16.

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The Afrikaner is one of three indigenous cattle breeds found in South Africa. Afrikaner cattle were originally extensively used for crossbreeding purposes and breed development. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of selected stud and commercial herds from the whole South African Afrikaner population, as well as to determine the genetic structure among these herds. Assignment methods (based on STRUCTURE software) revealed a real structure consisting of four genetic populations (K = 4). Estimates of genetic diversity did not support the hypothesis of significant l

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Flacke, G., P. Becker, D. Cooper, et al. "An Infectious Disease and Mortality Survey in a Population of Free-Ranging African Wild Dogs and Sympatric Domestic Dogs." International Journal of Biodiversity 2013 (March 31, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/497623.

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Disease can cause declines in wildlife populations and significantly threaten their survival. Recent expansion of human and domestic animal populations has made wildlife more susceptible to transmission of pathogens from domestic animal hosts. We conducted a pathogen surveillance and mortality survey for the population of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa, from January 2006–February 2007. Samples were obtained from 24 wild dogs for canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) serological testing. Data were collected on the presence of CDV, CPV,

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Chapman, Laura A., and Piran C. L. White. "The future of private rhino ownership in South Africa." Wildlife Research 47, no. 6 (2020): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr20013.

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Sustained poaching over the past decade has led to significant loss of black (Diceros bicornis) and southern white (Ceratotherium simum simum) rhinoceroses across South Africa. Whereas much research has focussed on the heavily targeted state-owned populations, there is little understanding of the trends and challenges faced by rhino populations held in the private sector. Private rhino ownership has increased substantially across South Africa over the past three decades, with over 42% of the entire rhino population now in private ownership. Although total rhino numbers on private properties ar

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Shepherd, A. J., P. A. Leman, and D. E. Hummitzsch. "Experimental plague infection in South African wild rodents." Journal of Hygiene 96, no. 2 (1986): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400065943.

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SUMMARYSusceptibility studies were undertaken to determine the response of some South African wild rodent species to experimental plague (Yersinia pestis) infection.A degree of plague resistance was found in three gerbil species captured in the plague enzootic region of the northern Cape Province, these being the Namaqua gerbil, Desmodillus auricularis, (LD50 1 × 106 organisms), the bushveld gerbil, Tatera leucogaster, (LD50 9·1 × 105) and the highveld gerbil, T. brantsii (LD50 4 × 102). Animals from a population of the four-striped mouse, Rhabdomys pumilio, captured in the plague area of Port

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Mavule, Bafowethu S., Francesca M. Sarti, Emiliano Lasagna, and Nokuthula W. Kunene. "Morphological differentiation amongst Zulu sheep populations in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, as revealed by multivariate analysis." Small Ruminant Research 140 (July 2016): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.06.001.

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IWATSUKI, YUKIO, and PHILLIP C. HEEMSTRA. "A review of the Acanthopagrus bifasciatus species complex (Pisces: Sparidae) from the Indian Ocean, with redescriptions of A. bifasciatus (Forsskål 1775) and A. catenula (Lacepède 1801) YUKIO IWATSUKI (Japan) & PHILLIP C. HEEMSTRA (South Africa)." Zootaxa 3025, no. 1 (2011): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3025.1.2.

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The Doublebar Seabream, Acanthopagrus bifasciatus (Forsskål 1775) with two conspicuous vertical black bars across the head has long been recognized as a distinctive species from the Red Sea and Western Indian Ocean. Two distinct colour patterns are associated with two allopatric populations except southern Oman and Somalia which appears to be a zone of overlap: a northern population (Red Sea, through Persian Gulf, to Pakistan) with dorsal and caudal fins immaculate yellow; and a southern population (east coast of Africa from the Horn of Africa to South Africa, Madagascar, and Mascarene Islands

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CONRADIE, WERNER, THEO BUSSCHAU, and SHELLEY EDWARDS. "Two new species of Acontias (Acontinae, Scincidae) from the Mpumalanga Highveld escarpment of South Africa." Zootaxa 4429, no. 1 (2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4429.1.3.

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The African genus of fossorial legless lizards (Acontias Cuvier) currently comprises 26 species and subspecies. In a recent study on the two disjunct populations of Acontias breviceps Essex, the presence of cryptic species was discovered. Here, we increase the sampling size and describe these disjunct populations from the Mpumalanga Escarpment of South Africa as new species. The new species differ from congeners based on a combination of factors, including the number of midbody, ventral, and subcaudal scale counts, ventral pigmentation, allopatric distributions, and genetic divergences. The ne

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Grant, W. S., P. le F. N. Mouton, and L. S. Brody. "Electrophoretic analysis of the Cordylus cordylus species group in the southwestern Cape, South Africa." Amphibia-Reptilia 14, no. 1 (1993): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853893x00165.

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AbstractAllozyme frequencies were used to test a proposed hypothesis on the evolution and biogeography of the taxa in the Cordylus cordylus species group in the southwestern Cape. The population structures of the three species were also analysed. Low levels of heterozygosity were found in C.oelofseni and C.niger which have small distribution ranges, and intermediate levels in C.cordylus which has an extensive distribution range. Genetic distances were calculated among species and approximate times of divergence were estimated. These divergence times do not agree with the times suggested by oth

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Taylor, Peter J., Angus Macdonald, Steven M. Goodman, et al. "Integrative taxonomy resolves three new cryptic species of small southern African horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184, no. 4 (2018): 1249–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zly024.

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Abstract Examination of historical and recent collections of small Rhinolophus bats revealed cryptic taxonomic diversity within southern African populations previously referred to as R. swinnyi Gough, 1908 and R. landeri Martin, 1832. Specimens from Mozambique morphologically referable to R. swinnyi were phylogenetically unrelated to topotypic R. swinnyi from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa based on cytochrome b sequences and showed distinctive echolocation, baculum and noseleaf characters. Due to their genetic similarity to a previously reported molecular operational taxonomic unit

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Ikpeme, Ekei, Ekerette Ekerette, and Michael Ozoje. "220 Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism as a measure of genetic diversity in African tilapia fish." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (2019): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.094.

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Abstract This study focused on the assessment of genetic diversity in African tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) obtained from two populations (Domita in South-South and Odeda in South-West, Nigeria) using the displacement loop (D-loop) and cytochrome B region of the mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA). A total of 28 samples (15 from South-South and 13 from South-West) were used for the genetic analysis. DNA was extracted from the tissue of all the samples using Quik-gDNATM miniPrep kit. The D-loop region was sequenced for all samples from the two populations, while cytochrome b (cyt

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Asuming-Bediako, Nikki, Angela Parry-Hanson Kunadu, Sam Abraham, and Ihab Habib. "Campylobacter at the Human–Food Interface: The African Perspective." Pathogens 8, no. 2 (2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8020087.

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The foodborne pathogen Campylobacter is a major cause of human gastroenteritis, accounting for an estimated annual 96 million cases worldwide. Assessment of the true burden of Campylobacter in the African context is handicapped by the under-reporting of diarrhoeal incidents and ineffective monitoring and surveillance programmes of foodborne illnesses, as well as the minimal attention given to Campylobacter as a causative agent of diarrhoea. The present review of the literature highlights the variability in the reported occurrence of Campylobacter in humans and animal food sources across differ

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Pillay, Neville. "FEMALE MATE PREFERENCE AND REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION IN POPULATIONS OF THE STRIPED MOUSE RHABDOMYS PUMILIO." Behaviour 137, no. 11 (2000): 1431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853900502655.

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AbstractLaboratory experiments were conducted to study female mate preference in three allopatric populations of the striped mouse Rhabdomys pumilio, an African murid rodent. The three populations (Alice, Goegap, Irene) represent the extremes of the distribution range of the species in South Africa. Using two-way choice tests, virgin females were exposed to: (i) males of the same population (homotype) and those of another population (heterotype) in whole animal choice tests, or (ii) the odiferous bedding of homotype and heterotype males. Generally, females significantly preferred homotype stim

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Whitehouse, Anna M., and Graham I. H. Kerley. "Retrospective assessment of long-term conservation management of elephants in Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa." Oryx 36, no. 3 (2002): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605302000455.

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The elephant population of South Africa's Addo Elephant National Park increased in number from 11 elephants when the park was created in 1931, to 284 elephants in 1998. We studied management records throughout this period in conjunction with demographic data, enabling retrospective assessment of the long-term impacts of management actions. Problem animal control during the 1930s left no sexually mature bulls in the population for a period of 9 years, hindering the population's initial recovery. Population growth prior to 1954 was also limited by high mortality: between 1931 and 1954 inadequate

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Chokoe, Tlou Caswell, Khanyisile Mdladla-Hadebe, Farai Muchadeyi, et al. "Genetic Diversity of South African Indigenous Goat Population from Four Provinces Using Genome-Wide SNP Data." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (2020): 10361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410361.

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Genome-wide assessments of the genetic landscape of Farm Animal Genetic Resources (FAnGR) are key to developing sustainable breed improvements. Understanding the FAnGR adaptation to different environments and supporting their conservation programs from community initiative to national policymakers is very important. The objective of the study was to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of communal indigenous goat populations from four provinces of South Africa. Communal indigenous goat populations from the Free State (FS) (n = 24), Gauteng (GP) (n = 28), Limpopo (LP) (n =

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Sinclair, A. R. E., and J. M. Fryxell. "The Sahel of Africa: ecology of a disaster." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 5 (1985): 987–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-147.

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The Sahel is a fragile semiarid region extending through 10 countries south of the Sahara. Wild ungulate populations migrate to make use of nutritious but very seasonal food supplies. In doing this, they maintain a higher population size than they could as sedentary populations. Similarly, migratory pastoralists have traditionally lived with their cattle in balance with the vegetation. This balance was disrupted in the 1950's and 1960's by (i) the settlement of pastoralists around wells, and (ii) the expansion of agriculture north into the pastoralists' grazing lands. Land was lost both from o

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ADDY, F., M. WASSERMANN, F. BANDA, et al. "Genetic polymorphism and population structure ofEchinococcus ortleppi." Parasitology 144, no. 4 (2016): 450–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016001840.

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SUMMARYThe zoonotic cestodeEchinococcus ortleppi(Lopez-Neyra and Soler Planas, 1943) is mainly transmitted between dogs and cattle. It occurs worldwide but is only found sporadically in most regions, with the notable exception of parts of southern Africa and South America. Its epidemiology is little understood and the extent of intraspecific variability is unknown. We have analysed in the present study the genetic diversity among 178E. ortleppiisolates from sub-Saharan Africa, Europe and South America using the complete mitochondrialcox1(1608 bp) andnad1(894 bp) DNA sequences. Genetic polymorp

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Shivambu, Ndivhuwo, Tinyiko C. Shivambu, and Colleen T. Downs. "Assessing the potential impacts of non-native small mammals in the South African pet trade." NeoBiota 60 (August 12, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.60.52871.

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The pet trade is one of the most important pathways by which small mammals are introduced to non-native areas. To prevent the introduction and invasion of non-native pets, an impact assessment protocol is useful in understanding which pets might have potential negative impacts should they escape or be released from captivity. In this study, we used the Generic Impact Scoring System (GISS) to assess the potential effects associated with 24 non-native small mammal species sold in the South African pet trade. European rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus, house mice Mus musculus, Norwegian rats Rattus n

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Norris, KR. "Evidence for the Multiple Exotic Origin of Australian Populations of the Sheep Blowfly, Lucilia-Cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera, Calliphoridae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 38, no. 6 (1990): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9900635.

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Some Lucilia cuprina populations in the eastern coastal areas of Australia are shown to be a blend of the two subspecies, Lucilia cuprina cuprina and L. cuprina dorsalis. The possible history of the introduction to Australia of these two subspecies, respectively from the Pacific and South Africa, is discussed. The hybrid nature of the Australian population makes it vital to take into consideration the genetic constitution of cultures before launching comparative studies.

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McLean, Joanne L., Remo G. Lobetti, Carmel T. Mooney, Peter N. Thompson, and Johan P. Schoeman. "Prevalence of and risk factors for feline hyperthyroidism in South Africa." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 10 (2016): 1103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x16684408.

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Objectives Hyperthyroidism is a disorder of older cats that may have a geographical variation in prevalence. Prevalence studies have not yet been performed in South Africa, a geographical area where hyperthyroidism in cats has recently been observed and where, reportedly, the incidence appears to be increasing. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of feline hyperthyroidism in South Africa and to identify any potential risk factors. Further information on the worldwide prevalence and possible causative factors would increase our understanding of the aetiology of this diseas

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Brosset, André. "Convergent and divergent evolution in rain-forest populations and communities of cyprinodontiform fishes (Aphyosemion and Rivulus) in Africa and South America." Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no. 9 (2003): 1484–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-125.

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When the African and American continents separated 65125 million years ago, populations and communities of plants and animals of the same lineage became isolated and evolved independently. Today, however, the cyprinodontiform fishes on the two sides of the Atlantic Ocean are morphologically similar, especially the American genus Rivulus and the African genus Aphyosemion. The evolutionary-inertia hypothesis is rejected as an explanation of this similarity because of evidence that the speciation process is ongoing. This study concerns processes that are probably responsible for the convergent a

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Lawson, Robin, Wendy Arjo, and Stephen Busack. "Mitochondrial DNA, allozymes, morphology and historical biogeography in the Podarcis vaucheri (Lacertidae) species complex." Amphibia-Reptilia 26, no. 2 (2005): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568538054253438.

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AbstractMitochondrial DNA analysis indicates that Podarcis vaucheri is a species complex with one clade inhabiting both north and south shores of the Strait of Gibraltar and one clade restricted to North Africa. While each clade exhibits differing morphology, allozyme analysis suggests varying degrees of reproductive contact among populations within clades. Ancestral P. vaucheri appears to have been restricted to insular areas of the Betic-Rif Massif and mainland Africa during Miocene, with major lineage differentiation occurring during Pliocene.Our analysis further confirms that Podarcis atra

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Glover, Barbara, Malcolm Macfarlane, Roy Bengis, et al. "Investigation of Brucella melitensis in Sable Antelope (Hippotragus niger) in South Africa." Microorganisms 8, no. 10 (2020): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101494.

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In this study, Brucella melitensis infection in sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) was investigated on two wildlife ranches in South Africa over a 12-year period in order to determine the origin of the outbreaks and the role of livestock in maintaining the disease. Retrospective data were obtained from farm records and interviews as well as samples tested from different disease scenarios and clinical settings. On one ranch, 10 of 74 sable tested seropositive for B. melitensis in 2004 but were certified clear of infection after no further brucellosis cases were detected following repeated serol

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Poen, Marjolein J., Ron A. M. Fouchier, Richard J. Webby, Robert G. Webster, and Mohamed E. El Zowalaty. "Evidence of the Presence of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Viruses in Wild Waterfowl in 2018 in South Africa." Pathogens 8, no. 4 (2019): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8040163.

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Avian influenza viruses are pathogens of global concern to both animal and human health. Wild birds are the natural reservoir of avian influenza viruses and facilitate virus transport over large distances. Surprisingly, limited research has been performed to determine avian influenza host species and virus dynamics in wild birds on the African continent, including South Africa. This study described the first wild bird surveillance efforts for influenza A viruses in KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa after the 2017/2018 outbreak with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N8 in poultry.

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le Fras N. Mouton, P., Cara J. Nieuwoudt, Nic C. Badenhorst, and Alexander F. Flemming. "Melanistic Cordylus polyzonus (Sauria: Cordylidae) Populations in the Western Cape, South Africa: Relics or Ecotypes?" Journal of Herpetology 36, no. 3 (2002): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1566204.

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Mouton, Ple Fras N., Cara J. Nieuwoudt, Nic C. Badenhorst, and Alexander F. Flemming. "Melanistic Cordylus polyzonus (Sauria: Cordylidae) populations in the Western Cape, South Africa: Relics or Ecotypes?" Journal of Herpetology 36, no. 3 (2002): 526–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2002)036[0526:mcpscp]2.0.co;2.

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Libois, R. M., J. R. Michaux, M. G. Ramalhinho, C. Maurois, and M. Sarà. "On the origin and systematics of the northern African wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) populations: a comparative study of mtDNA restriction patterns." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 8 (2001): 1503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-106.

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Conflicting hypotheses have been formulated regarding the origin of wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) populations in northern Africa. In this study, the mtDNA restriction patterns of mice (n = 28) collected in Tunisia and Morocco are compared with those of representatives from southern Europe (n = 102). The neighbour-joining tree confirms the existence of the three lineages previously found in the Mediterranean area: western, TyrrhenianBalkan, and Sicilian. The western group is isolated from the two others, with bootstrap values of 89 and 95%. Northern African patterns are included in the west

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Madikiza, Zimkitha JK, Sandro Bertolino, and Emmanuel Do Linh San. "Population biology of the woodland dormouseGraphiurus murinusin a riverineCombretumforest, South Africa." African Zoology 54, no. 2 (2019): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2019.1614479.

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Van der Westhuizen, L., T. Magwaba, J. P. Grobler, et al. "Genetic variability in a population of Letelle sheep in South Africa." South African Journal of Animal Science 49, no. 2 (2019): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v49i2.8.

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Ramírez-Albores, Jorge E., David M. Richardson, Valdir M. Stefenon, Gustavo A. Bizama, Marlín Pérez-Suárez, and Ernesto I. Badano. "A global assessment of the potential distribution of naturalized and planted populations of the ornamental alien tree Schinus molle." NeoBiota 68 (September 21, 2021): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.68.68572.

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The Peruvian Peppertree (Schinus molle L.) is an evergreen tree native to semiarid environments of Peru and Bolivia in South America. This tree has been introduced and widely planted for ornamental and forestry purposes in several semiarid regions of the world because its seedlings are easily established and have a high survival rate; it also grows quickly, and it is tolerant of dry climates. We compared the global and regional niches of naturalized and planted populations of S. molle in order to examine the invasive stages and potential distribution of this species in four regions of the worl

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Frère, Céline H., Peter T. Hale, Lindsay Porter, Victor G. Cockcroft, and Merel L. Dalebout. "Phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA sequences suggests revision of humpback dolphin (Sousa spp.) taxonomy is needed." Marine and Freshwater Research 59, no. 3 (2008): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07120.

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Humpback dolphins (Sousa spp.) have a wide distribution in the tropical Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans and a confused taxonomy. Morphological assessments suggest three species groupings – Sousa teuszii (eastern Atlantic), Sousa plumbea (western Indo-Pacific), and Sousa chinensis (eastern Indo-Pacific) – but most taxonomies recognise only two species – S. chinensis (Indo-Pacific), and S. teuszii (Atlantic). To investigate phylogenetic relationships, mitochondrial DNA control region sequences (338 base pairs) from 72 Sousa representing three populations in the Indo-Pacific (South Africa: S. pl

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Gabru, N. "SOME COMMENTS ON WATER RIGHTS IN SOUTH AFRICA." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 8, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2005/v8i1a2831.

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Human life, as with all animal and plant life on the planet, is dependant upon fresh water. Water is not only needed to grow food, generate power and run industries, but it is also needed as a basic part of human life. Human dependency upon water is evident through history, which illustrates that human settlements have been closely linked to the availability and supply of fresh water. Access to the limited water resources in South Africa has been historically dominated by those with access to land and economic power, as a result of which the majority of South Africans have struggled to secure

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Pretorius, Anne-Marié, Lorenza Beati, and Richard J. Birtles. "Diversity of bartonellae associated with small mammals inhabiting Free State province, South Africa." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 6 (2004): 1959–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.03033-0.

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The prevalence and diversity of bartonellae infecting the blood of 10 small mammal species inhabiting nine Nature Reserves of the Free State province, South Africa, was assessed using phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic methods. Of 86 small mammals sampled, 38 animals belonging to five different species yielded putative bartonellae. Thirty-two isolates were confirmed as bartonellae and were characterized by comparison of partial citrate synthase gene (gltA) sequences. Phylogenetic reconstructions derived from alignment of these sequences with those available for other bartonellae indicated

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La Grange, L. J., D. Govender, and S. Mukaratirwa. "The occurrence ofTrichinella zimbabwensisin naturally infected wild crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) from the Kruger National Park, South Africa." Journal of Helminthology 87, no. 1 (2012): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x12000089.

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AbstractTrichinella zimbabwensishas been found naturally infecting crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Ethiopia and South Africa, as well as monitor lizards (Varanus niloticus) in Zimbabwe. The reports on natural infections were mostly accidental rather than structured surveys and involved very few animals. Previous surveillance studies in South Africa reported a 38.5% prevalence ofT. zimbabwensisamong wild crocodiles tested from the Mpumalanga province and Kruger National Park (KNP). No studies have been conducted to date on the geographical distribution and occurrence

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Miller, Susan M., and Paul J. Funston. "Rapid Growth Rates of Lion (Panthera leo) Populations in Small, Fenced Reserves in South Africa: A Management Dilemma." South African Journal of Wildlife Research 44, no. 1 (2014): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3957/056.044.0107.

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McGranaghan, Mark. "‘HUNTERS-WITH-SHEEP’: THE |XAM BUSHMEN OF SOUTH AFRICA BETWEEN PASTORALISM AND FORAGING." Africa 85, no. 3 (2015): 521–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972015000297.

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ABSTRACTThe ability of hunting and gathering populations to adopt herding forms of subsistence constitutes the crux of a long-standing debate in southern African archaeological and anthropological scholarship concerning the spread of livestock to the subcontinent. This article takes as a detailed case study the subsistence strategies of the nineteenth-century ǀXam Bushmen of the Northern Cape (South Africa), extracted from a transcription of the entirety of the Bleek–Lloyd Archive. It focuses on ǀXam characterization of and relationships with the various domesticated species that shared their

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Blaum, Niels, Richard M. Engeman, Bernd Wasiolka, and Eva Rossmanith. "Indexing small mammalian carnivores in the southern Kalahari, South Africa." Wildlife Research 35, no. 1 (2008): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07023.

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Monitoring animal populations in changing environments is crucial to wildlife conservation and management, but restrictions in resources are a recurring problem for wildlife managers and researchers throughout Africa. Land-use-induced shrub encroachment in Kalahari savannah rangelands has led to fragmentation of the landscape. Mammalian carnivores are particularly vulnerable to local extinction in fragmented landscapes, but their low numbers and their often nocturnal and secretive habits make them difficult to monitor. In this study, we tested the applicability of a passive tracking method and

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