Academic literature on the topic 'Animal predatory behaviour'
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Journal articles on the topic "Animal predatory behaviour"
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Weightman, Janice O., and David J. Arsenault. "Predator classification by the sea pen Ptilosarcus gurneyi (Cnidaria): role of waterborne chemical cues and physical contact with predatory sea stars." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-211.
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Using laboratory and field experiments we examined the defensive behaviour of the sea pen Ptilosarcus gurneyi (Gray) towards three species of sea stars representing three levels of predatory threat. In the laboratory we first quantified the behaviour of P. gurneyi following physical contact with the sea stars Dermasterias imbricata (specialist predator), Pycnopodia helianthoides (generalist predator), and Pisaster ochraceus (nonpredator). Whereas the majority (73%) of the sea pens rapidly burrowed into the sediment following contact with D. imbricata, their response to P. helianthoides was highly variable and only 23% exhibited burrowing. In contrast, the response of P. gurneyi to P. ochraceus was weak and similar to that elicited by contact with a glass rod (control). Also, whereas the majority of sea pens displayed colony-wide bioluminescent flashes towards D. imbricata and P. helianthoides, their responses to P. ochraceus and the control were weaker and more localized. We subsequently examined whether waterborne predator chemical cues alone could trigger the defensive responses of P. gurneyi to D. imbricata and P. helianthoides, using laboratory bioassays of varying stimulus intensity. Interestingly, although exposure to chemical cues from predatory sea stars did not elicit any defensive response in P. gurneyi, subsequent physical contact with these predators triggered complete burrowing. Field bioassays using SCUBA yielded similar results, as P. gurneyi did not respond to the proximity of predators but rather delayed its response until physical contact occurred. Our study thus provides the first experimental evidence of predator-classification abilities in cnidarians and suggests that physical contact with predatory sea stars is required to trigger defensive behaviours in P. gurneyi.
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Durand, Jonas, Arnaud Legrand, Mélodie Tort, Alice Thiney, Radika J. Michniewicz, Aurélie Coulon, and Fabien Aubret. "Effects of geographic isolation on anti-snakes responses in the wall lizard, Podarcis muralis." Amphibia-Reptilia 33, no. 2 (2012): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853812x636448.
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Alteration in anti-predatory behaviour following geographic isolation has been observed in a number of taxa. Such alteration was attributed to the effect of relaxed selection in the novel environment, reinforced by the cost of anti-predatory behaviours. We studied aspects of anti-snake behaviour in 987 adult and juvenile wall lizards Podarcis muralis from two mainland areas (heavy snake predatory pressure) and two islands (low snake predatory pressure), isolated from the mainland 5000 and 7000 years ago. We conducted a scented retreat site choice experiment using the odours of five different snake species (saurophagous, piscivorous or generalist feeder). Mainland lizards avoided shelters scented by saurophagous snakes, but not those scented by non saurophagous snake species. Long isolated lizards (7000 years ago) showed no anti-predator response to any snake, suggesting a total loss of anti-predatory behaviour towards saurophagous snakes. More recently isolated lizards (5000 years ago) however showed anti-snake behaviour towards a former sympatric adder species, and a tendency to avoid the scent of a sympatric generalist feeder snake. There was no difference in the anti-snake responses between adult and juvenile wall lizards from all four sites, suggesting a limited role for experience (behavioural plasticity) in the expression of anti-snake behaviour in wall lizards.
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Ortega, Zaida, Abraham Mencía, and Valentín Pérez-Mellado. "Antipredatory behaviour of a mountain lizard towards the chemical cues of its predatory snakes." Behaviour 155, no. 10-12 (2018): 817–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003504.
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Abstract The ability to early detect a potential predator is essential for survival. The potential of Iberolacerta cyreni lizards to discriminate between chemical cues of their two predatory snakes Coronella austriaca (a non-venomous active-hunter saurophagous specialist) and Vipera latastei (a venomous sit-and-wait generalist) was evaluated herein. A third snake species, Natrix maura, which does not prey on lizards, was used as a pungent control. Thus, the behaviour of I. cyreni was studied regarding four treatments: (1) C. austriaca scent, (2) V. latastei scent, (3) N. maura scent and (4) odourless control. Lizards showed antipredator behaviour (such as slow-motion and tail waving) to C. austriaca and V. latastei chemicals. The antipredatory response was similar for both predators. This ability to react with an intensive behavioural pattern to the chemical cues of their predatory snakes may prevent lizards from being detected, and, if detected, dissuade the predator from beginning a pursuit.
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Seebacher, Frank, Ashley Ward, and Amelia Reid. "Learning to hunt: the role of experience in predator success." Behaviour 147, no. 2 (2010): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000579509x12512871386137.
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AbstractAnimal behaviour is a composite of innate and learned components. During their lifetimes, animals typically gain experience and manifest learning, thereby augmenting or modifying genetically determined, innate behaviour patterns. Following a training period during which predatory fish (jade perch, Scortum barcoo) were allocated to treatments and given experience of either live prey (mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki), freshly killed prey, or cichlid pellets with equal nutritional value, we tested the response of the predators to the prey in an experimental arena. Across all treatments, there was no difference in the number of attacks made by the predators on the prey, however the predators with experience of live fish prey were significantly more successful in capturing prey than those without previous experience of live prey. These results suggest that, in this piscivorous predator, the recognition of prey has an innate component, but that hunting efficiency is increased through experience. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the release of hatchery-reared fish into the wild, the majority of which are predatory.
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Viera, Carmen, and Hilton Ferreira Japyassú. "Predatory plasticity in nephilengys cruentata (araneae: tetragnathidae): relevance for phylogeny reconstruction." Behaviour 139, no. 4 (2002): 529–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685390260135998.
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AbstractThe plasticity of behavioural expression has been used as an argument against the use of behavioural characters in the reconstruction of phylogenetic patterns. Nevertheless, plasticity itself may vary strongly among taxa, so that phylogenetic considerations about behavioural data must be complemented by an analysis of behavioural plasticity. Plasticity may also vary among distinct behavioural domains in a single species. We have studied the foraging repertoire in N. cruentata using a cluster analysis method, in order to identify the behavioural sequences employed by the spider when preying upon either distinct prey types or distinct prey sizes. Foraging behaviour varies less with prey size than with prey type. Variation in predatory sequences is obtained through (1) repetitions of one same sequence of categories, (2) the use of one same sequence at distinct phases of the predatory behaviour, or (3) the arrangement of behavioural categories in new sequences. Despite this plasticity in spider responses to prey, almost 40% of the predatory repertoire is common to both large and small prey items; this percentage lowers to 20% when we compare the predation of distinct prey types. These results suggest that phylogenetic analysis of predatory behaviour should focus on building ethograms for one single prey type. Small variations in prey/predator size among the predator species selected for a behavioural phylogenetic analysis are preferred to variations of prey type among predator taxa. We discuss the implications of this 'single prey-type' approach to the phylogenetic analysis of behaviour.
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Meuthen, Denis, Theo C. M. Bakker, and Timo Thünken. "Predatory developmental environments shape loser behaviour in animal contests." Behaviour 156, no. 15 (2019): 1519–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003577.
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Abstract High predation risk during development induces phenotypic changes in animals. However, little is known about how these plastic responses affect signalling and competitiveness during contests. Herein, we have studied the consequences of anti-predator plasticity during the intra-sexual competition of Pelvicachromis taeniatus, a cichlid fish with mutual mate choice. We staged contests between adult size-matched siblings of the same sex derived from different environments: one fish was regularly exposed to conspecific alarm cues since the larval stage (simulating predator presence), the other fish to control conditions. Rearing environment did not affect the winner of contests or total aggression within a fight. However, contest behaviour differed between treatments. The effects were especially pronounced in alarm cue-exposed fish that lost a contest: they generally displayed lower aggression than winners but also lower aggression than losers of the control treatment. Thus, perceived predator presence modulates intra-sexual competition behaviour by increasing the costs associated with fighting.
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Smolka, Jochen, Jochen Zeil, and Jan M. Hemmi. "Natural visual cues eliciting predator avoidance in fiddler crabs." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1724 (April 13, 2011): 3584–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2746.
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To efficiently provide an animal with relevant information, the design of its visual system should reflect the distribution of natural signals and the animal's tasks. In many behavioural contexts, however, we know comparatively little about the moment-to-moment information-processing challenges animals face in their daily lives. In predator avoidance, for instance, we lack an accurate description of the natural signal stream and its value for risk assessment throughout the prey's defensive behaviour. We characterized the visual signals generated by real, potentially predatory events by video-recording bird approaches towards an Uca vomeris colony. Using four synchronized cameras allowed us to simultaneously monitor predator avoidance responses of crabs. We reconstructed the signals generated by dangerous and non-dangerous flying animals, identified the cues that triggered escape responses and compared them with those triggering responses to dummy predators. Fiddler crabs responded to a combination of multiple visual cues (including retinal speed, elevation and visual flicker) that reflect the visual signatures of distinct bird and insect behaviours. This allowed crabs to discriminate between dangerous and non-dangerous events. The results demonstrate the importance of measuring natural sensory signatures of biologically relevant events in order to understand biological information processing and its effects on behavioural organization.
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New, John G., and Peter Y. Kang. "Multimodal sensory integration in the strike–feeding behaviour of predatory fishes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 355, no. 1401 (September 29, 2000): 1321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0692.
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The search for useful model systems for the study of sensory processing in vertebrate nervous systems has resulted in many neuroethological studies investigating the roles played by a single sensory modality in a given behaviour. However, behaviours relying solely upon information from one sensory modality are relatively rare. Animals behaving in a complex, three–dimensional environment receive a large amount of information from external and internal receptor arrays. Clearly, the integration of sensory afference arising from different modalities into a coherent ‘gestalt’ of the world is essential to the behaviours of most animals. In the last several years our laboratory team has examined the roles played by the visual and lateral line sensory systems in organizing the feeding behaviour of two species of predatory teleost fishes, the largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides , and the muskellunge, Esox masquinongy . The free–field feeding behaviours of these fishes were studied quantitatively in intact animals and compared to animals in which the lateral line and visual systems had been selectively suppressed. All groups of animals continued to feed successfully, but significant differences were observed between each experimental group, providing strong clues as to the relative role played by each sensory system in the organization of the behaviour. Furthermore, significant differences exist between the two species. The differences in behaviour resulting when an animal is deprived of a given sensory modality reflect the nature of central integrative sensory processes, and these behavioural studies provide a foundation for further neuroanatomical and physiological studies of sensory integration in the vertebrate central nervous system.
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Mirza, Reehan S., and Douglas P. Chivers. "Predator-recognition training enhances survival of brook trout: evidence from laboratory and field-enclosure studies." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 2198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-164.
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In this study we tested whether brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) can learn to recognise predators through releaser-induced recognition learning and whether this learning enhances survival of trout during encounters with a predator. In our initial experiment, we exposed hatchery-reared predator-naïve brook trout to chemical stimuli from predatory chain pickerel (Esox niger) paired with alarm signals released by damaged trout, disturbance signals, or distilled water. In subsequent tests 24 h later, when only pickerel odour was presented, trout conditioned with damage-released alarm signals exhibited antipredator behaviour (i.e., decreased movement and altered foraging patterns), in contrast to the other treatments, thereby demonstrating learned recognition of the predator. In our second experiment we showed that trout retained the ability to recognise the predator for at least 10 days. In the next series of experiments we explicitly tested whether training trout to recognise predators confers a survival benefit. During staged encounters with chain pickerel (in both the laboratory and the field), trained fish were better able to evade the predator than nontrained fish. Ours is the first study to demonstrate that fish trained to recognise predators gain a survival benefit during staged encounters with a predator.
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Nishiumi, Nozomi, and Akira Mori. "A game of patience between predator and prey: waiting for opponent’s action determines successful capture or escape." Canadian Journal of Zoology 98, no. 6 (June 2020): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2019-0164.
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When predator and prey animals face each other, preemptive actions by both sides are considered to mediate successful capture or escape. However, in spite of the general presumption, some animals, such as predatory snakes and their frog prey, occasionally remain motionless or move slowly for a while before striking or escaping, respectively. To clarify the possible advantages of this behaviour, we examined interactions between Japanese Four-lined Ratsnakes (Elaphe quadrivirgata (H. Boie, 1826)) and Black-spotted Pond Frogs (Pelophylax nigromaculatus (Hallowell, 1861)), focusing especially on kinematic features of strike behaviour of snakes and flight behaviour of frogs in close quarters. Staged encounter experiments and field observations revealed that counteractions against an opponent’s preemptive actions are effective for both snakes and frogs until a certain distance because they are hardly able to change their trajectories once they initiate strike or escape behaviours. Snakes and frogs also appropriately switched their behaviour from waiting for the opponent’s action to taking preemptive action at this threshold distance. These results suggested the occurrence of a game of patience between snakes and frogs in which they wait for the opponent’s action to achieve effective countermeasures. Our study provides new insights for predicting optimal decision-making by predators and prey and will contribute to a better understanding of their strategies.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Animal predatory behaviour"
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Speed, Michael Patrick. "Mimicry and the psychology of predation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278364.
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Plaisted, K. C. "Stimulus detection and representation : implications for search image." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360607.
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McLaughlin, Robert L. (Robert Louis). "Quantitative studies of the variation in movement patterns used by predators." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74662.
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A literature review shows that qualitative dichotomies describing interspecific differences in the movement patterns of foraging animals are widely-used and biologically important, but fraught with ambiguity. Consistent use of the terminology from foraging theory and stronger quantification are proposed to increase clarity and facilitate more rigorous tests of hypotheses. Greater consideration of intraspecific variation is also needed. In forest bird and lizard communities, move-frequency distributions are bimodal, supporting a dichotomous view, but there is important variation within the statistical modes. Fish species with more red muscle are more mobile than species with less red muscle, but the frequency distribution of the proportion of red muscle does not match subjective, dichotomous classifications. A quantitative field investigation of foraging young-of-the-year brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) reveals significant individual differences in movement patterns that are more strongly related to microhabitat use and diet, than to morphological and environmental parameters thought to influence swimming capability.
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Hart, Julie A. "Foraging in patches : the effect of encountering a predator in a formerly risk-free environment /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841146.
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Starling, Amanda. "Behavioural plasticity of life history traits in the New Zealand avifauna." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1327.
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The purpose of this research was to determine how predator control influences nest survival and changes in life history strategies of birds. All studies were conducted at two sites: one site had very little mammal control, while the other site is a 'mainland island' in which all introduced mammals were trapped or poisoned. Nest survival rates of introduced and native species were compared between the two sites by locating and monitoring nests of nine species. I found that mammalian predator control increased nest survival rates of both introduced and native species, but the incrase of nest survival was more pronounced in native species. The influence of predator control on the plasticity of life history strategies in introduced and native New Zealand birds was also examined. Some life history strategies (e.g. time spent incubating, frequency of visits to the nest) changed significantly in the area with predator control, while other life history traits (e.g. clutch size) did not vary between areas. I found that both introduced and native New Zealand birds changed a variety of life history traits and that the changes were likely a plastic response to the recent change in predator numbers. As it has been suggested that birds may become less responsive to mammals when predators are controlled, I tested the response of birds to a model of a feral cat. Birds in the predator control area were significantly less likely to recognise the cat model as a potential threat. This suggests the recognition of predators can be rapidly lost from a population. My research confirms that mammal control can increase nest success of native species, but reductions in predator numbers can also change a variety of life history traits and behaviours. As the removal of mammalian predators also appears to make birds less responsive to potential predators, it is important for continued mammalian control once management has begun. Otherwise, any reintroduction of predatory mammals into controlled sites would likely place such bird populations at greater risk as they would have behaviours suited to an environment with lowered nest predation risk.
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Smith, Derek, and n/a. "Movements, population dynamics and predatory behaviour of stoats inhabiting alpine grasslands in Fiordland." University of Otago. Department of Zoology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070330.160940.
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Stoats are introduced mammalian carnivores implicated in the decline of several of New Zealand�s endemic species. Most research into stoats in New Zealand has focused on beech forest habitat, especially in years of peak stoat abundance following heavy beech seedfall and peak cohorts of mice. In New Zealand, alpine grasslands occur above the altitudinal limit of beech forest (900-1000 m a.s.l.). Although previous research has shown stoats to be present there, little is known about the ecology of stoats in alpine grasslands. This research aimed to test whether alpine grasslands were a marginal habitat occupied by surplus stoats that had spilled over from beech forest populations, i.e. a sink habitat. The alternative is that alpine grasslands are a desirable habitat deliberately exploited by stoats. This question was answered using mark-recapture, radio-tracking, diet analysis and a food addition experiment. Another objective was to determine whether nest survival is higher in alpine grassland compared to beech forest and whether stoats are likely to be a frequent predator of ground nests in alpine grasslands relative to other introduced mammals that inhabit them. If nest survival is higher in alpine grassland then alpine grasslands may be a refuge from predation. However, if it is not then it is important for management to know the relative risk posed by stoats compared with other predators. An artificial nest experiment was used to answer these questions. This research was undertaken during two years of low to intermediate beech seedfall and therefore provided an opportunity to look at the ecology of stoats in a New Zealand National Park outside years of peak abundance. The principal study site for this research was the Borland Valley, Fiordland National Park.
Compositional analysis showed that stoats in alpine grassland selected for it over adjacent beech forest. The range cores of these stoats were high up in alpine grassland away from the ecotone with beech forest. Stoats occurred at similar densities in alpine grasslands as they did in beech forest and observed survival was similar between the two habitats (with the exception of 2004 when it may have been higher in alpine grassland). The most frequent prey of stoats inhabiting beech forest were birds and mice. Although stoats in alpine grasslands also ate birds and mice their most frequent prey were ground weta and hare. Food addition appeared to cause diet switching but did not reduce the distances moved by stoats, suggesting that other factors may be more important in regulating their summer home range size in alpine grasslands. All of these factors lead to the conclusion that alpine grasslands in the Borland are not a marginal habitat for stoats, but may instead be a desirable one. Artificial nests had a higher probability of survival in alpine grassland compared to adjacent beech forest, but survival was too low to support the idea that alpine grasslands are a refuge. Stoats were the most frequent predator of artificial nests in both habitats, but 95 % confidence intervals overlapped the predation rate by possums, which was also high.
These findings illustrate the need for a comprehensive landscape approach to stoat control in montane National Parks, for two reasons: 1) endemic biodiversity in alpine grasslands may be under threat from stoat predation, 2) alpine grasslands may act as a source for dispersing stoats that reinvade lowland stoat control areas. In the absence of heavy beech seedfall and peak mouse abundance, stoats occurred at densities of around 1 km⁻� in both habitats and there was recruitment into these populations. This raises the important question: What regulates the distribution and abundance of stoats in years of low beech seedfall and low mouse abundance? In these years birds, ground weta and hares may be as important as mice are in years of peak abundance following heavy beech seedfall.
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Hill, Jennifer Marie. "Predator biomass and habitat characteristics affect the magnitude of consumptive and non-consumptive effects (NCEs): experiments between blue crabs, mud crabs, and oyster prey." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41172.
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Recent research has focused on the non-lethal effects of predator intimidation and fear, dubbed non-consumptive effects (NCEs), in which prey actively change their behavior and habitat use in response to predator chemical cues. Although NCEs can have large impacts on community structure, many studies have ignored differences in predator population structure and properties of the natural environment that may modify the magnitude and importance of NCEs. Here, I investigated the roles of predator size and density (i.e. biomass), as well as habitat characteristics, on predator risk assessment and the magnitude of consumptive and NCEs using blue crabs, mud crabs, and oyster prey as a model system. Predation experiments between blue crabs and mud crabs demonstrated that blue crabs consume mud crabs; however, the consumptive effects were dependent upon blue crab body size and habitat type. When mud crabs were exposed to chemical cues from differing biomasses of blue crabs in laboratory mesocosms, mud crab activity and predation on oysters was decreased in response to high biomass treatments (i.e. large and multiple small blue crabs), but not to low biomass predators (i.e single small blue crab), suggesting that risk associated with predator size is perceptible via chemical cues and is based on predator biomass. Further experiments showed that the perception of risk and the magnitude of the NCEs were affected by the sensory cues available and the diet of the blue crab predator. The NCE based on blue crab biomass was also demonstrated in the field where water flow can disperse cues necessary for propagating NCEs. Properties of water flow were measured within the experimental design and during the experiment and confirmed cage environments were representative of natural conditions and that patterns in NCEs were not associated with flow characteristics. These results affect species conservation and commercial fisheries management and demonstrate that we cannot successfully predict NCEs without considering predator size structure and the contexts under which we determine predator risk.
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Klein, Marianne Orlandini. "Papel dos receptores opióides m e k da substância cinzenta periaquedutal (PAG) na seleção comportamental durante a lactação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42136/tde-26072012-175737/.
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Após o parto, a mãe deve optar por buscar por comida ou cuidar da prole sendo que a substância cinzenta periaquedutal (PAG) é uma área central importante de regulação, seleção e um sítio de ação de opióides. Ainda não se sabe a importância funcional de cada um dos receptores opióides na PAG sobre a expressão dos comportamentos materno e predatório. Foram utilizadas ratas com cânula unilateral implantada na PAG e divididas em dois experimentos: Experimento 1, onde as ratas receberam injeções de agonista m, ou o agonista k, ou sulfato de morfina, ou veículo; Experimento 2, onde receberam antagonista m seguido de sulfato de morfina, ou antagonista k seguido de sulfato de morfina, ou sulfato de morfina, ou veículo. Os animais foram avaliados no teste de comportamento materno versus predatório. Os resultados sugerem que o tônus opióide endógeno é importante para a expressão do comportamento predatório e há possibilidade da morfina agir em mais de um tipo de receptor opióide simultaneamente para promover a inibição do comportamento materno nesse contexto.After giving birth, a mother must both provide subsistence and care for her young. Periaqueductal gray (PAG) is an important area for behavioral selection and a site of opioid action. The functional role of PAG opioid receptors in the expression of maternal and predatory behaviors is not clear. Rats with unilateral guide cannulae implanted in the PAG were separated into two experiments: Experiment 1 where the animals received injectios of m receptor agonist, or k receptor agonist, or morphine sulfate, or vehicle; Experiment 2, where they received m receptor antagonist followed by morphine sulfate, or k receptor antagonist before morphine sulfate, or morphine sulfate, or vehicle. The animals were then tested for maternal behavior vs. predatory hunting. The results suggest that endogenous opioid tone is important for the expression of predatory behavior. The results further raise the possibility that morphine acts at more than one type of opioid receptor simultaneously to inhibit maternal behavior in this context.
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Lohrey, Anne K. "The Impact of Avian Predation on the Brush-Legged Wolf Spider, Schizocosa Ocreata (Hentz), and Anti-Predator Responses to Avian Cues." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1195846324.
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Connolly, Lauren E. "Effect of predator diet on foraging behavior of panopeus herbstII in response to predator urine cues." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53392.
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The ability of prey to detect and respond appropriately to predator risk is important to overall prey fitness. Many aquatic organisms assess risk through the use of chemical cues that can change with predator diet. Two variable characteristics of diet are: 1. prey type and 2. prey mass. To assess the effect of these two characteristics on the assessment of risk by the mud crab Panopeus herbstii, I exposed mud crabs to the urine of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus fed one of 5 diet treatments: 10g of oyster shell free wet mass, 5g of oyster shell free wet mass, 10g crushed mud crabs, 5g crushed mud crabs, and a mix of 5g of oyster shell free wet mass and 5g crushed mud crab. Effects on P. herbstii foraging were tested in a previously developed bioassay by measuring shrimp consumption over a 4 hour period. I hypothesized that P. herbstii would have a larger magnitude response to urine from C. sapidus fed a diet of crushed mud crabs than to urine from C. sapidus fed a diet of oysters. I further hypothesized that P. herbstii would have a larger magnitude response to urine from C. sapidus fed a high mass diet relative to a lower mass diet. Contrary to expectations there was no observed effect of urine on P. herbstii foraging in any of the treatments. Results suggest that bioassay protocol may be unreliable suggesting further replication to determine the difference between this study and previous results. Future studies examining how P. herbstii varies with urine concentration will aid in understanding the ecological scale of this predator cue system. Determining the role of other potential cue sources will improve the predictive abilities of these studies.
Books on the topic "Animal predatory behaviour"
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Swan, Erin Pembrey. Land predators of North America. New York: Franklin Watts, 1999.
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Foodchain: Encounters between mates, predators, and prey. New York, N.Y: Aperture, 2000.
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Reinhardt, Clarissa von. Chase!: Managing your dog's predatory instincts. Wenatchee, Wash: Dogwise Pub., 2010.
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Reinhardt, Clarissa von. Chase!: Managing your dog's predatory instincts. Wenatchee, Wash: Dogwise Pub., 2010.
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ill, Layton Neal, ed. Deadly!: The truth about the most dangerous creatures on Earth. Somerville, Mass: Candlewick Press, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Animal predatory behaviour"
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Houpt, Katherine. "Normal behaviour - cats." In Small animal veterinary psychiatry, 66–77. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394552.0066.
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Houpt, Katherine. "Normal behaviour - cats." In Small animal veterinary psychiatry, 66–77. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394552.0004.
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Neha. "Predator." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_671-1.
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Rojas, Bibiana, and Emily Burdfield-Steel. "Predator Defense." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_708-1.
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Fischer, Stefan, and Joachim G. Frommen. "Predator Detection." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_714-1.
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Varley, M. J., M. J. W. Copland, S. D. Wratten, and M. H. Bowie. "Parasites and Predators." In Video Techniques in Animal Ecology and Behaviour, 33–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0699-3_3.
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Inman, Callen M. "Visual Recognition of Prey and Predators." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_601-1.
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Ward, Ashley, and Mike Webster. "Social Foraging and Predator-Prey Interactions." In Sociality: The Behaviour of Group-Living Animals, 55–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28585-6_4.
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Real, Leslie A. "Predator Switching and the Interpretation of Animal Choice Behavior: The Case for Constrained Optimization." In Behavioural Mechanisms of Food Selection, 1–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75118-9_1.
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Burns, Alison. "The Mesolithic Footprints Retained in One Bed of the Former Saltmarshes at Formby Point, Sefton Coast, North West England." In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 295–315. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_16.
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AbstractIn the early Holocene period, extensive tracts of coastal land were submerged as the climate warmed and meltwaters flooded into the oceans. As the Irish Sea expanded, coastlines altered and large intertidal zones were created as tracts of low-lying land at the tidal margins were gradually submerged. In these areas, reed swamp and saltmarsh formed which, too, were inundated for varying periods of time. However, in the calmer warmer weather of the late spring and summer, birds and mammals were drawn on to the mudflats where they could feed on molluscs, or new reed and sedge shoots, wallow in the cooling mud, drink the brackish water or, for some predators, hunt. The behavioural tendencies of some species are revealed by their footprints which show their engagement within this environment – some breeds moved on to the marshes while others moved away. The humans who shared this landscape understood the opportunities offered by these predictable behaviours. Their trails run along and across those left by many species, leaving a visible network of human and animal activity preserved in the hardened mud. These will be described through an examination of the footprints recorded in three contexts which formed the stratigraphy of a Mesolithic bed at Formby Point in North West England. The persistent return to the mudflats by generations of people reflects an embodied knowledge of this coastal landscape, learnt in childhood and practiced in adulthood. The ability to modify movements in the landscape, to respond to the daily tides, the changing seasons and a fluctuating environment, all suggest a spatial-temporal relationship which not only encompassed a dynamic environment but also the other life that dwelt within it.
Conference papers on the topic "Animal predatory behaviour"
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Borduin, Russell, Karthik Ramaswamy, Ashwin Mohan, Rex Cocroft, and Satish S. Nair. "Modeling the Rapid Transmission of Information Within a Social Group of Insects: Emergent Patterns in the Antipredator Signals." In ASME 2008 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2008-2298.
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The study of group behavior in animals emerging from social interactions among individuals using agent based models has gained momentum in recent years. Although most of the individuals in a group of the treehopper Umbonia crassicornis do not have information about where the predator is, the signaling behavior of the group yields an emergent pattern that provides the defending adult with information about predator presence and location. Offspring signal synchronously to warn a defending parent of a predator attack. We develop a computational model of rapid signaler-receiver interactions in this group-living insect. We test the emergence of informative global patterns by providing interacting juvenile nymphs with limited locally available information with this agent based model. Known parameters such as size of the aggregation and spatial distribution are estimated from experimental recordings. Further, the model investigates the behavioral rules underlying group signaling patterns that reveal the predator’s location. We also show how variation in these behavioral rules can bring about variation in group signals, demonstrating the potential for natural selection to shape these rules.
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Tobaben, Eric J., Larry D. Martin, and Kenneth J. Fischer. "Determining the Natural Head Posture for Extant Animal Species Using Line-of-Sight From the Eyesocket and Optical Foramen." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80828.
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Understanding natural head posture in animals is improtant in interpreting their biomechanics and behavior. For extinct animals, natural posture cannot be directly determined from the fossil record. There have been few prior studies of animal line of sight and head posture. Most line of sight studies have focused on the breadth of binocular vision versus panoramic vision in relation to behavior (predator type or grazer, for instance) or the animals typical environment (open or cluttered) [1]. For head posture some have studied changes in cognition or the environment or related aspects like the eyeball orientation as head posture changes [2]. Still others have focused on the areas of the brain that control 3D head position [3]. However, none of these studies address a method to determine the natural head posture or angle. While there currently is no definitive way to determine natural head angle in extinct animals, it seems reasonable to assume that the natural head posture would place the line of sight in the horizontal plane for most species. Therefore, we hypothesized that the opening for the optical (the optical foremen) and the eye socket structure itself can be used to accurately determine the natural head posture for a large portion of extant and extinct animal species. Specifically, if the skull is oriented such that the plane of sight (the plane common to both lines of sight) is horizontal, then the skull will be in the natural posture. If this hypothesis is shown to be valid, it will provide naturalists a reliable tool to determine the natural head posture (head angle) of extinct animals. The objective of this study was to test the above hypothesis on animals in the Felidae (cats).
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Scogings, Chris J., and Ken A. Hawick. "Modelling Predator Camouflage Behaviour and Tradeoffs in an Agent-based Animat Model." In Modelling and Simulation. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2013.802-032.
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Phamduy, Paul, Miguel Vazquez, Alessandro Rizzo, and Maurizio Porfiri. "Miniature Underwater Robotic Fish for Animal-Robot Interactions." In ASME 2016 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2016-9857.
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Research in animal behavior has benefited from the availability of robots able to elicit controllable, customizable, and versatile stimuli in behavioral studies. For example, biologically-inspired robotic fish can be designed to mimic the morphophysiology of predators and conspecifics to study fear response and sociality. However, size is a critical limitation of the existing arrays of robotic fish. Here, we present the design of a miniature robotic fish for future animal-robot interaction studies featuring a novel application of multi-material three-dimensional (3D) printing and utilizing a solenoid for actuation. The use of multi-material printing enables a skeletal design of only two parts, while retaining the complete functionality of larger prototypes enclosing requisite electronics and incorporating an active joint for propulsion. Parametric tests are conducted to test the swimming speed of the robotic fish and a compact dynamic model with two degrees of freedom to elucidate swimming of the robotic fish is presented.
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Mwaffo, Violet, and Franck Vernerey. "Modeling and Analysis of the Effects of Startle Reaction on Group Coordination." In ASME 2020 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2020-3161.
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Abstract Startle reaction is an alarm behavior observed in animal groups during anti-predatory response or fear-inducing stimulation. This behavior is characterized by spontaneous change in heading direction and increasing speed that can drastically affect group coordination. In this work, we leverage a mathematical model of fish social behavior to recreate startle reaction. Specifically, we model startle reaction through a biased jump diffusion process, where the jumps process captures sudden and fast changes of heading direction observed during this escaping behavior. Then, using extensive numerical simulations, we test their effects on group of fish including an informed individual prescribing the direction of motion and several followers by systematically varying the frequency and intensity of the sudden and fast turns introduced in the heading direction of a single individual. We demonstrate the emergence of novel form of leadership and phase transition between complete ordered states and disorganized states. In addition, we evidence that at specific range of frequencies and amplitudes, the initiation of this behavior might be utilized to divert group followers from their reference trajectory while keeping them in a synchronized state with the startling individual. Our findings offer a new paradigm to recreate the emergence of leadership applicable to divert or contain multi-vehicle systems.
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Petrunenko, Y. K., R. A. Montgomery, I. V. Seryodkin, O. Y. Zaumyslova, D. G. Miquelle, and D. W. Macdonald. "ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОЕ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ АМУРСКОГО ТИГРА В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ПЛОТНОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И УЯЗВИМОСТИ ОСНОВНЫХ ВИДОВ ЖЕРТВ." In GEOGRAFICHESKIE I GEOEKOLOGICHESKIE ISSLEDOVANIIA NA DAL`NEM VOSTOKE. ИП Мироманова Ирина Витальевна, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/tig.2019.76.93.013.
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Теоретические и эмпирические исследования показывают, что распределение хищников в значительной степени определяется доступностью основных видов жертв. Доступность зависит не только от плотности населения животных, но также от их уязвимости, на которую влияет конфигурация атрибутов ландшафта, увеличивающих шанс удачной охоты для хищника. Остается плохо изученным то, как именно пространственные вариации в этих процессах формируют модель поведения хищников в масштабах индивидуального участка. В данном исследовании рассматривалось влияние плотности популяций и уязвимости жертв на использование индивидуального участка амурским тигром Panthera tigris altaica на Дальнем Востоке России в течение 20 снежных сезонов. Всего было построено 80 карт, изображающих предсказание относительной плотности населения видов жертв тигра, как по отдельности, так и для всех видов, объединенных в группу, для каждого снежного сезона года в течение 20 лет исследований. Модель, прогнозирующая относительную уязвимость основных видов жертв в зависимости от ландшафта, в основном включала высоту над уровнем моря, близость к поселкам/сельскохозяйственным районам, крутизну склона, средний уровень покрытия снегом, и близость к ближайшим водотокам. Изюбрь, пятнистый олень и кабан чаще всего добывались в местах с более низкой высотой над уровнем моря в удалении от поселков/сельскохозяйственных районов. Кабан оказался единственным видом, для которого уязвимость увеличивалась в местообитаниях с большей высотой снежного покрова. Обнаружено, что амурский тигр в пределах своего индивидуального участка использует места с наивысшей плотностью населения изюбря Cervus elaphus и кабана Sus scrofa. Важнейшую роль в формировании индивидуального участка тигра играет территория, где изюбрь наиболее уязвим для хищничества, а места с наибольшей плотностью населения изюбря используются на периферии участка обитания хищника. Выявлено две стратегии хищнического поведения тигра. Так как распределение ресурсов в пределах индивидуального участка обитания влияет на выживание и размножение хищника, исследование имеет большое значение не только для более детального понимания взаимоотношений в системе тигржертва , но и для сохранения тигра.Theoretical and empirical studies show that the distribution of predators is largely determined by the availability of the main species of prey. Accessibility depends not only on the population density of animals, but also on their vulnerability, which is affected by the configuration of landscape attributes that increase the chance of successful predator hunting. It remains poorly studied how exactly spatial variations in these processes form a predator behavior model on the scale of an individual site. This study examined the impact of population density and prey vulnerability on the home range use by the Amur tiger Panthera tigris altaica in the Russian Far East for 20 snow seasons. A total of 80 maps were constructed depicting the prediction of the relative population density of tiger prey species, both individually and for all species combined for each snow season for over 20 years of research. The model predicting the relative vulnerability of the main prey species depending on the landscape mainly included altitude, proximity to villages / agricultural areas, slope steepness, average snow cover, and proximity to nearby watercourses. Red deer, sika deer and wild boar were most often killed in places with a lower altitude, away from villages / agricultural areas. The wild boar turned out to be the only species for which vulnerability increased in habitats with greater snow cover. We found that the Amur tiger, within its individual home range, used places with the highest population density of the Manchurian deer Cervus elaphus and wild boar Sus scrofa. The most important role in the formation of tiger individual home range had area where red deer was most vulnerable to predation, and places with the highest density of red deer used at the periphery of individual home ranges. Revealed two strategies of tiger predation. Since the distribution of resources within an individual home range affect the survival and reproduction of the predator, the study is of great importance not only for a more detailed understanding of the relationship in the tigerprey system, but also for the conservation of Amur tiger.