Academic literature on the topic 'Animal sounds'
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Journal articles on the topic "Animal sounds"
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Clark, Christopher J. "Ways that Animal Wings Produce Sound." Integrative and Comparative Biology 61, no. 2 (March 8, 2021): 696–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab008.
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Synopsis There are at least eight ways that wings potentially produce sound. Five mechanisms are aerodynamic sounds, created by airflow, and three are structural sound created by interactions of solid surfaces. Animal flight is low Mach (M), meaning all animals move at <30% of the speed of sound. Thus in aerodynamic mechanisms the effects of air compressibility can be ignored, except in mechanism #1. Mechanism #1 is trapped air, in which air approaches or exceeds Mach 1 as it escapes a constriction. This mechanism is hypothetical but likely. #2 is Gutin sound, the aerodynamic reaction to lift and drag. This mechanism is ubiquitous in flight, and generates low frequency sound such as the humming of hummingbirds or insect wing tones. #3 is turbulence-generated atonal whooshing sounds, which are also widespread in animal flight. #4 are whistles, tonal sounds generated by geometry-induced flow feedback. This mechanism is hypothetical. #5 is aeroelastic flutter, sound generated by elasticity-induced feedback that is usually but not always tonal. This is widespread in birds (feathers are predisposed to flutter) but apparently not bats or insects. Mechanism #6 is rubbing sound (including stridulation), created when bird feathers or insect wings slide past each other. Atonal rubbing sounds are widespread in bird flight and insects; tonal stridulation is widespread in insects. #7 is percussion, created when two stiff elements collide and vibrate, and is present in some birds and insects. Mechanism #8 are tymbals and other bistable conformations. These are stiff elements that snap back and forth between two conformations, producing impulsive, atonal sound. Tymbals are widespread in insects but not birds or bats; insect cuticle appears predisposed to form tymbals. There are few examples of bat wing sounds: are bats intrinsically quiet, or just under-studied? These mechanisms, especially Gutin sound, whooshes, and rubbing (#2, #3, and #6) are prominent cues in ordinary flight of all flying animals, and are the “acoustic substrate” available to be converted from an adventitious sound (cue) into a communication signal. For instance, wing sounds have many times evolved into signals that are incorporated into courtship displays. Conversely, these are the sounds selected to be suppressed if quiet flight is selected for. The physical mechanisms that underlie animal sounds provide context for understanding the ways in which signals and cues may evolve.
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Chen, Yi-Chuan, and Gert Westermann. "Twelve-month-old infants learn crossmodal associations between visual objects and natural sounds in ecologically valid situations." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x647504.
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Infants are able to learn novel associations between visual objects and auditory linguistic labels (such as a dog and the sound /dɔg/) by the end of their first year of life. Surprisingly, at this age they seem to fail to learn the associations between visual objects and natural sounds (such as a dog and its barking sound). Researchers have therefore suggested that linguistic learning is special (Fulkerson and Waxman, 2007) or that unfamiliar sounds overshadow visual object processing (Robinson and Sloutsky, 2010). However, in previous studies visual stimuli were paired with arbitrary sounds in contexts lacking ecological validity. In the present study, we create animations of two novel animals and two realistic animal calls to construct two audiovisual stimuli. In the training phase, each animal was presented in motions that mimicked animal behaviour in real life: in a short movie, the animal ran (or jumped) from the periphery to the center of the monitor, and it made calls while raising its head. In the test phase, static images of both animals were presented side-by-side and the sound for one of the animals was played. Infant looking times to each stimulus were recorded with an eye tracker. We found that following the sound, 12-month-old infants preferentially looked at the animal corresponding to the sound. These results show that 12-month-old infants are able to learn novel associations between visual objects and natural sounds in an ecologically valid situation, thereby challenging our current understanding of the development of crossmodal association learning.
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Butler, Shane. "Animal listening." Journal of Interdisciplinary Voice Studies 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jivs_00035_1.
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The ‘Elegy on the Nightingale’ is a curious Latin poem of uncertain (but probably post-classical) date and authorship that is transmitted by several medieval manuscripts. It offers a catalogue of animal sounds rich in what linguists call iconicity, and literary scholars, onomatopoeia: to read these verses aloud is to imitate the sounds being described. The poem begins in address to the nightingale of its title, praised for her ability to make music by mimicking all she hears. By the end has the poem itself done the same? For all their playfulness, the verses strike at the heart of our own theoretical commonplaces, starting with the supposed arbitrariness of the sign, always unsettled by such examples, exceptional though they may be. So too did the writing down of non-human sounds preoccupy ancient linguists, who sought to segregate them from language proper. Nevertheless, it is difficult to deny that these sound-words conjure what they name, especially since, in many cases, it is only our ability to match their sounds to animals we can still hear that enables us to know what the poem is saying. What happens to our understanding of the poetic text as a transcription of human speech or song when we take it seriously as a recording of non-human sound? And even more dramatically, what happens to our understanding of human language when we strive (as this poem strives, albeit surreptitiously) to listen with non-human ears? With some help from the animal imaginings of Jakob von Uexküll, this article attempts some preliminary answers.
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Sales, G. D., K. J. Wilson, K. E. V. Spencer, and S. R. Milligan. "Environmental ultrasound in laboratories and animal houses: a possible cause for concern in the welfare and use of laboratory animals." Laboratory Animals 22, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367788780746188.
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Many laboratory animals are known to be sensitive to sounds (ultrasounds) beyond the nominal upper limit (20 kHz) of the human hearing range. Sources of sound in laboratories and animal houses were examined to determine the extent of ambient ultrasound. Of 39 sources monitored, 24 were found to emit ultrasonic sounds. Many of these (e.g. cage washers and hoses) also produced sound in the audible range. Running taps, squeaky chairs and rotating glass stoppers created particularly high sound pressure levels and contained frequencies to over 100 kHz. The oscilloscopes and visual display units investigated provided particular cause for concern as they emitted sounds that were entirely ultrasonic and therefore were apparently silent. Ambient ultrasound therefore appears to be common in laboratories and animal houses. It is suggested that its effect on laboratory animals should be investigated and guidelines on acceptable levels be formulated.
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Hopkins, Carl D., Michelangelo Rossetto, and Ann Lutjen. "A Continuous Sound Spectrum Analyzer for Animal Sounds." Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 34, no. 3 (April 26, 2010): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1974.tb01804.x.
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Gong, Yutang. "Animal speech and singing synthesis model based on So-VITS-SVC." Applied and Computational Engineering 68, no. 1 (June 6, 2024): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/68/20241430.
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Currently, when researchers in deep learning and neural network technology have made significant progress, the author makes a new bold attempt to apply the technical principles of speech and singing synthesis with artificial intelligence to the field of animal speech and singing synthesis, using So-VITS-SVC4.0 framework, which was originally designed for human voice synthesis. Taking dogs as an example of a species and putting datasets of their sounds to use, the author is committed to capturing its sound characteristics and vocalization through model training and generating synthetic sounds with a high degree of similarity. This research may not only contribute to a deeper understanding of how animals communicate, but also open up new possibilities for animal sound art and music creation. With the continuous progress and improvement of technology, synthetic animal speech and singing by artificial intelligence may play an increasingly important role in zoological research and entertainment, bringing new perspectives and possibilities for communication between humans and animals.
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Erisman, Brad E., and Timothy J. Rowell. "A sound worth saving: acoustic characteristics of a massive fish spawning aggregation." Biology Letters 13, no. 12 (December 2017): 20170656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0656.
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Group choruses of marine animals can produce extraordinarily loud sounds that markedly elevate levels of the ambient soundscape. We investigated sound production in the Gulf corvina ( Cynoscion othonopterus ), a soniferous marine fish with a unique reproductive behaviour threatened by overfishing, to compare with sounds produced by other marine animals. We coupled echosounder and hydrophone surveys to estimate the magnitude of the aggregation and sounds produced during spawning. We characterized individual calls and documented changes in the soundscape generated by the presence of as many as 1.5 million corvina within a spawning aggregation spanning distances up to 27 km. We show that calls by male corvina represent the loudest sounds recorded in a marine fish, and the spatio-temporal magnitude of their collective choruses are among the loudest animal sounds recorded in aquatic environments. While this wildlife spectacle is at great risk of disappearing due to overfishing, regional conservation efforts are focused on other endangered marine animals.
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Bennett, Granger, and Jim McLoughlin. "Underwater noise impact assessment and the hearing response of marine animals." APPEA Journal 50, no. 2 (2010): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09105.
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The ability of a marine animal to hear anthropogenic (man-made) sound underwater is affected by the animal’s auditory bandwidth and its sensitivity to sound of different frequencies within that bandwidth. Auditory bandwidths for marine animals vary from species to species and may or may not coincide with, or overlap, human auditory bandwidths. For example, turtles are not able to hear some sounds that are clearly audible to humans, while dolphins can hear sounds that are beyond the range of human hearing. Therefore, underwater noise impacts assessments for marine animals need to take into account both the spectral content of the anthropogenic noise and the auditory bandwidths of the various species under consideration. This paper demonstrates how the auditory bandwidth and sensitivity of marine animals to sounds of different frequencies can affect the outcomes of impact assessments. The analysis is supported by results from underwater noise modelling and noise measurements.
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Kładoczny, Piotr. "Co łączy i dzieli nazwy odgłosów zwierząt i ludzi?" Zoophilologica, no. 6 (December 29, 2020): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/zoophilologica.2020.06.18.
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The article provides is a comparison of the names of human and animal sounds, which belong to a larger collection of vocabulary that defines the world of auditory perceptions. The historical, grammatic and semantic regularities are identical to them. Differences are noticed in detailed meanings and in the pragmatic of these names, which includes among other things, a much higher incidence of the names of human sounds. Linguistic relativism is more closely covered by the names of animal sounds. The widespread use of animal names for sounds in relation to humans is accompanied by regular negative value and the expression of contempt against the person designated as sound performer.
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Bylieva, Daria. "Artificial Intelligence as an Intermediary Between animals and Humans." Ideas and Ideals 16, no. 2-1 (June 26, 2024): 102–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2024-16.2.1-102-120.
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The development of technology has changed the position of animals in the modern world in various aspects. However, only the achievements of artificial intelligence in the field of natural languages indicated the possibility of reaching a new level of understanding and relationship with animals. Modern technologies have made it possible to isolate and fi x animal sounds and collect a huge array of audio and video data, and the experience of translation, even in the absence of parallel texts, has indicated the potential for using artificial intelligence to analyze animal sounds. Despite numerous difficulties, including those associated with the difference in the worldview of animals and humans, there are already precedents for translation from the language of animals. The article analyzes the possibilities of using artificial intelligence in conditions of limited data and its current use in the field of animal communication. If for domestic and farm animals, researchers rely on the interpretation of meanings or emotions, then for wild animals, scientists compare sounds and behavior, and rely on the potential of artificial intelligence in solving unstructured problems. Although a number of recent studies report high reliability of “translation” from the language of animals, the very possibility of testing the effectiveness is difficult. Nevertheless, the accelerating emergence of new solutions that facilitate the recognition of the voices of specific animals, the classification of sounds and actions of different animals, etc., indicate the possibility of a qualitative leap in the understanding of animals in the near future. Success in the field of interpretation of animal sounds can lead not only to progress in a large number of areas related to the animal world, but also to a change in the status and position of the animal. At the same time, the achievements raise ethical questions related to the possibility of using new technologies to the detriment of animals and people.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Animal sounds"
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Couturier, Kaijser Vilma. "Metaphorical uses of verbs of animal sounds in Swedish." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-148958.
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Animals often act as source domain is metaphorical shifts. In European languages, there are often several lexicalised verbs for specific sounds with a prototypical animal as subject. These verbs of animal sounds and their metaphorical meanings have been studied cross-linguistically, which have made it possible to create a classification of situations that tend to be expressed by animal metaphors. There are many verbs of animal sounds in Swedish, but their metaphorical uses are not investigated. The present study investigates the metaphorical use of verbs of animal sounds in Swedish blog text and news text. The classification is used as a starting point for analysing occurrences of 13 Swedish verbs. The study seeks to answer which situations can be expressed by the Swedish verbs, which different situations can one and the same verb express metaphorically, and how did the typological classification suit the Swedish data? The results showed that the verbs often have human subjects, and different verbs varies in the range of metaphorical uses they possess. Three types of changes were made to the classification to suit the Swedish data: situations were moved, situations were added, and situations were removed.Djur förekommer ofta som källdomän i metaforer. I europeiska språk finns det ofta många lexikaliserade verb för specifika typer av läten med ett prototypiskt djur som subjekt. Typologiska studier har gjorts på dessa verb för djurläten, och deras metaforiska användningar. Detta har lett till en klassifikationsmodell över mänskliga situationer som ofta uttrycks med metaforisk användning av verb för djurläten. I svenska finns det många sådana verb, men deras metaforiska användningar har inte undersökts. Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka den metaforiska användningen av verb för djurläten i svenska. 13 verb som beskriver ett specifikt läte hos ett visst djur valdes ut. Studiens data var definitioner av verben, hämtade från lexikon, och konkordansrader med verben, hämtade från korpusar av språk från bloggar och nyhetstext. Studien undersöker vilka situationer som kan uttryckas med metaforisk användning av dessa verb, vilka olika användningar ett och samma verb kan uttrycka, samt hur väl den föreslagna klassifikationsmodellen fungerar på svenska. Resultatet visar att verben främst har mänskliga subjekt och att verben varierar i hur många och vilka situationer de kan uttrycka metaforiskt. Ett par ändringar gjordes på klassifikationsmodellen, till exempel lades typen ’talverb’ till, och subtypen ’röstkvalitet’ frigjordes från typen ’fysiologiska ljud’.
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Glaeser, Sharon Stuart. "Analysis and Classification of Sounds Produced by Asian Elephants (Elephas Maximus)." PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4066.
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Relatively little is known about the vocal repertoire of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), and a categorization of basic call types and modifications of these call types by quantitative acoustic parameters is needed to examine acoustic variability within and among call types, to examine individuality, to determine communicative function of calls via playback, to compare species and populations, and to develop rigorous call recognition algorithms for monitoring populations.
This study defines an acoustic repertoire of Asian elephants based on acoustic parameters, compares repertoire usage among groups and individuals, and validates structural distinction among call types through comparison of manual and automated classification methods. Recordings were made of captive elephants at the Oregon Zoo in Portland, OR, USA, and of domesticated elephants in Thailand. Acoustic and behavioral data were collected in a variety of social contexts and environmental noise conditions. Calls were classified using perceptual aural cues plus visual inspection of spectrograms, then acoustic features were measured, then automated classification was run. The final repertoire was defined by six basic call types (Bark, Roar, Rumble, Bark, Squeal, Squeal, and Trumpet), five call combinations and modifications with these basic calls forming their constituent parts (Roar-Rumble, Squeal-Squeak, Squeak train, Squeak-Bark, and Trumpet-Roar), and the Blow. Given the consistency of classifications results for calls from geographically and socially disparate subject groups, it seems possible that automated call detection algorithms could be developed for acoustic monitoring of Asian elephants.
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Hill, Mandy Lee. "Signature whistle productions, development, and perception in free-ranging bottlenose dolphins /." Electronic version (PDF), 2002. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2002/hillm/mandyhill.html.
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Miller, Patrick J. O. "Maintaining contact : design and use of acoustic signals in killer whales, Orcinus orca /." Online version, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1765.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Biological Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2000.Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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LeVering, Kathleen Rose. "Why frogs scream : an investigation of the function of distress calling in Leptodactylus pentadactylus /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Kiapuchisnki, Davi Miara. "Uma plataforma para monitoramento de espectros sonoros e pré-processamento de canto de pássaros." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/440.
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CNPqOs atuais métodos de classificação automática dos pássaros pelo canto apresentam lacunas que justificam um aprofundamento do estudo do tema. Entre estas lacunas, por exemplo, observa-se a necessidade da evolução da pesquisa para uma maior abrangência de espécies. Outra lacuna, que será o foco deste trabalho, é observada nas etapas iniciais dos processos de classificação automática em ambientes reais e práticos (e.g. habitat natural). Considerando-se que as etapas de coleta de amostras, pré-processamento, processamento e análise dos resultados estão presentes em um processo de classificação sonora de pássaros, observa-se uma carência de contribuições na etapa de coleta de amostras e, particularmente, na etapa de pré-processamento. Neste âmbito, as rotinas projetadas nos trabalhos científicos de classificação sonora são muitas vezes dependentes de uma amostra ideal, que por sua vez não são encontradas em um ambiente real. Ou seja, para obter respostas corretas e acertos na classificação, tais rotinas renecessitam de amostras filtradas e também de um escopo do ambiente previamente restrito. Com o objetivo de prover soluções para este conjunto de deficiências, foi proposta e materializada uma plataforma de coleta e processamento dos sons coletados,cobrindo as duas primeiras etapas de classificação automática. Em suma, este trabalho apresenta uma plataforma de aquisição e préprocessamento de cantos de pássaros. No trabalho também são discutidas vantagens e desvantagens das metodologias utilizadas, bem como são dissertados contextos pertinentes para aplicação da plataforma. As validações se dão por meio de testes práticos e comparações das amostras processadas pela plataforma, com amostras resultantes das ferramentas de processamento e análise sonora previamente existentes.
The current methods for birdsong automatic classification present gaps which justify a deeper study of the theme. Among these shortcomings, for example, there is the need for the development of research for a wider range of species. Another gap that will be the focus of this work, is observed in the initial stages of the process of automatic classification in real environments and practical (e. g. nature). Considering that the stages of sample collection, preprocessing, processing and analysis of results are present in a birdsong classification process, there is a deficiency of contributions in the stage of sample collection and, particularly, in the preprocessing step. In this context, the routines designed on the scientific papers of sound classification are often dependent on an ideal sample, which are not found in a real environment. That is, to achieve correct answers and successes in classification such routines require filtered samples and also a scope of environment previously restricted. With the objective of providing solutions to this set of deficiencies, it was proposed and implemented a platform for collecting and processing of sounds collected, covering the first two steps of automatic classification. In summary, this paper presents a platform for acquisition and preprocessing of bird songs. On paper are also discussed about the advantages and disadvantages of the methodologies used, as well as the contexts relevant to the application of the platform. The validation occurs through practical tests and comparisons between the samples processed by the platform, with samples arising from the previously existing tools of sound processing and analysis.
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Moura, Giselle Borges de. "Vocalização de suínos em grupo sob diferentes condições térmicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11131/tde-26042013-094034/.
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Quantificar e qualificar o bem-estar de animais de produção, ainda é um desafio. Em qualquer avaliação de bem-estar, deve-se analisar, principalmente, a ausência de sentimentos negativos fortes, como o sofrimento, e a presença de sentimentos positivos, como o prazer. O objetivo principal dessa pesquisa foi quantificar a vocalização de suínos em grupos sob diferentes condições térmicas. Em termos de objetivos específicos foram avaliar a existência de padrões vocálicos de comunicação entre animais alojados em grupo e extrair as características acústicas dos espectros sonoros das vocalizações relacionando com as diferentes condições do micro-clima da instalação. O experimento foi realizado em uma unidade de experimentação com suínos, junto à University of Illinois (EUA), com ambiente controlado. Quatro grupos de seis leitões foram utilizados para a coleta dos dados. Foram instalados dataloggers para registrar as variáveis ambientais (T, °C e UR, %) e posterior cálculo dos índices de conforto (ITU e Entalpia do ar). Foram instalados microfones do tipo cardióide no centro geométrico de cada baia que abrigava os leitões, para registro das vocalizações. Os microfones foram conectados a um amplificador de sinais, e este a uma placa de captura dos sinais de áudio e vídeo, instalados em um computador. Para as edições dos arquivos de áudio contendo as vocalizações dos leitões, o programa Goldwave® foi utilizado na separação, e aplicação de filtros para a retirada de ruídos. Na sequência, os áudios foram analisados com auxílio do programa Sounds Analysis Pro 2011, onde foram extraídos as características acústicas. A amplitude (dB), frequência fundamental (Hz), frequência média (Hz), frequência de pico (Hz) e entropia foram utilizados para caracterização do espectro sonoro das vocalizações do grupo de leitões nas diferentes condições térmicas. O delineamento do experimento foi em blocos casualizados, com dois tratamentos, e três repetições na semana, sendo executado em duas semanas. Os dados foram amostrados para uma análise do comportamento do banco de dados de vocalização em relação aos tratamentos que foram aplicados. Os dados foram submetidos a uma análise de variância utilizando o proc GLM do SAS. Dentre os parâmetros acústicos analisados, a amplitude (dB), frequência fundamental e entropia. Os tratamentos, condição de conforto e condição de calor, apresentaram diferenças significativas, pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05). A análise de variância mostrou diferenças no formato da onda para cada condição térmica nos diferentes períodos do dia. É possível quantificar a vocalização em grupos de suínos em diferentes condições térmicas, por intermédio da extração das características acústicas das amostras sonoras. O espectro sonoro foi extraído, indicando possíveis variações do comportamento dos leitões nas diferentes condições térmicas dentro dos períodos do dia. No entanto, a etapa de reconhecimento de padrão, ainda necessita de um banco de dados maior e mais consistente para o reconhecimento do espectro em cada condição térmica, seja por análise das imagens ou pela extração das características acústicas. Dentre as características acústicas analisadas, a amplitude (dB), frequência fundamental (Hz) e entropia das vocalizações em grupo de suínos foram significativas para expressar a condição dos animais quando em diferentes condições térmicas.To quantify and to qualify animal well-being in livestock farms is still a challenge. To assess animal well-being, it must be analyzed, mainly, the absence of strong negative feelings, like pain, and the presence of positive feelings, like pleasure. The main objective was to quantify vocalization in a group of pigs under different thermal conditions. The specific objectives were to assess the existence of vocal pattern of communication between housing groups of pigs, and get the acoustic characteristics of the sound spectrum from the vocalizations related to the different microclimate conditions. The trial was carried out in a controlled environment experimental unit for pigs, at the University of Illinois (USA). Four groups of six pigs were used in the data collection. Dataloggers were installed to record environmental variables (T, °C and RH, %). These environmental variable were used to calculate two thermal comfort index: Enthalpy and THI. Cardioid microphones were installed to record continuous vocalizations in the geometric center of each pen where the pigs were housing. Microphones were connected to an amplifier, and this was connected to a dvr card installed in a computer to record audio and video information. For doing the sound edition in a pig vocalization database, the Goldwave® software was used to separate, and filter the files excluding background noise. In the sequence, the sounds were analyzed using the software Sounds Analysis Pro 2011, and the acoustic characteristics were extracted. Amplitude (dB), pitch (Hz), mean frequency (Hz), peak frequency (Hz) and entropy were used to characterize the sound spectrum of vocalizations of the groups of piglets in the different thermal conditions. A randomized block design was used, composed by two treatments and three repetitions in a week and executed in two weeks. Data were sampled to analyze the behavior of the databank of vocalization as a relation to the applied treatments. Data were submitted to an analysis of variance using the proc GLM of SAS. Among the studied acoustic parameters, the amplitude (dB), pitch and entropy. The treatments (comfort and heat stress conditions) presented significative differences, through Tukey\'s test (p<0,05). The analysis of variance showed differences to the wave format to each thermal condition in the different periods of the day. The quantification of vocalization of swine in groups under different thermal conditions is possible, using the extraction of acoustic characteristics from the sound samples. The sound spectrum was extracted, which indicated possible alterations in the piglets behavior in the different thermal conditions during the periods of the day. However, the stage of pattern\'s recognition still needs a larger and more consistent database to the recognition of the spectrum in each thermal condition, through image analysis or by the extraction of the acoustic characteristics. Among he analyzed acoustic characteristics, the amplitude (dB), pitch (Hz) and entropy of the vocalizations of groups of swine were significative to express the condition of the animals in different thermal conditions.
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Criswell, Joni M. "Multimodal Communication in the Panamanian Golden Frog (Atelopus zeteki)." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1228224476.
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Lindsey, Alan R. "SPECPAK an integrated acquisition and analysis system for analyzing the echolocation signals of microchiroptera." Ohio : Ohio University, 1991. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1183732035.
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Reis, Sarah Stutz. "Caracterização das emissões sonoras do boto-cinza Sotalia guianensis (Van Benédén, 1864) (Cetacea: Delphinidae) e a investigação do ambiente acústico na Baía de Benevente, ES." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1077.
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Os delfinídeos exibem grande plasticidade de sinais acústicos e são capazes de adequar suas emissões sonoras frente à diferentes circunstâncias. Atualmente, a poluição sonora dos oceanos constitui uma ameaça aos cetáceos e esta questão tem sido pouco estudada em relação ao boto-cinza (Sotalia guianensis). Logo, seus sinais acústicos representam um aspecto biológico importante a ser compreendido. Neste contexto, este estudo visou caracterizar o repertório sonoro e investigar o ambiente acústico dos botos-cinza que utilizam a baía de Benevente, ES. As gravações foram realizadas utilizando-se hidrofone Cetacean Research C54XRS acoplado a gravador digital Fostex FR-2 LE gravando a 96kHz/24bits. Os dados coletados entre dezembro de 2011 e julho de 2012 totalizaram 27horas e 55minutos de esforço de gravação. Foram analisados 69 assobios, 42 sons pulsantes explosivos e 33 cadeias de cliques. Dentre os assobios o contorno mais comum foi o do tipo ascendente (N=37; 53%), seguido pelos tipos ascendente-descendente (N=15; 22%), múltiplo (N=13; 19%). A frequência fundamental dos assobios variou entre 3,51 kHz e 37,56 kHz. Os parâmetros analisados foram: duração, pontos de inflexão, frequências inicial, final, mínima, máxima, variação e frequências a 1/4, 1/2 e 3/4 da duração. A duração média destes sinais foi 0,298 segundos (DP= 0,147). Quanto aos sons pulsantes explosivos, o sinal do tipo “bray call” (N=36) foi mais comum e mais longo que o “buzz sound”(N=6). Estes dois tipos ocorreram imediatamente após ou próximos a cliques de ecolocalização. Em relação a estes, 33 cadeias foram analisadas e estas apresentaram 36,45 cliques (DP= 43,47) e 11,404 (DP= 21,226) segundos de duração, em média. Os intervalos entre cliques (ICI) duraram 0,308s (DP= 0,301), em média. Verificou-se dois padrões temporais distintos entre os ICIs: 81% (N=946) dos intervalos duraram entre 0,001 e 0,400 segundos e os 19% (N=224) restantes duraram entre 0,401 e 1,246 segundos. A maioria das médias dos parâmetros de frequência dos assobios foram superiores aos valores verificados em estudos com S. guianensis ao sul da área de estudo e inferiores aos valores de populações ao norte. Isto pode estar relacionado aos diferentes limites de frequência destes trabalhos e/ou à hipótese de que a frequência aumenta do sul para o norte. Os sons explosivos observados foram verificados anteriormente para S. guianensis e outros odontocetos. Além de apresentarem função social, também podem estar relacionados à obtenção de presas. A distribuição dos valores de ICI em padrões temporais distintos já foi observada para S. guianensis e outras espécies de golfinhos, podendo representar as distintas funções dos cliques de ecolocalização. O boto-cinza ocorreu em áreas onde existia um ruído antropogênico de baixa frequência. Na presença deste ruído ocorreram alterações no comportamento acústico que possivelmente expressam uma tentativa de compensar o efeito de mascaramento para manter a comunicação eficiente em um ambiente acústicamente poluído.
The Delphinidae exhibits great plasticity of acoustic signals and adapts their sound emission according to circumstances. Currently, ocean noise pollution is a threat to cetaceans and this issue has not been well studied in relation to the estuarine dolphin (Sotalia guianensis). Therefore, their acoustic signals represent an important biological aspect to be understood. In this context, this study aimed to characterize the sound repertoire and investigate the acoustic environment of estuarine dolphin in Benevente Bay, ES, Brazil. The recordings were performed using hydrophone Cetacean Research C54XRS coupled to digital recorder Fostex FR-2 LE recording at 96kHz/24bits. Data collected between December 2011 and July 2012 totaled 27 hours and 55 minutes of effort recording. We evaluated 69 whistles, 42 burst sounds and 33 clicks’ train. Among the whistles contour the most common type was ascending (N = 37, 53%), followed by ascending-descending (N = 15, 22%) and multiple (N = 13, 19%) types. The fundamental frequency of whistles ranged between 3.51 kHz and 37.56 kHz. The frequency parameters analyzed were: start, end, minimum, maximum, range and frequencies at 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 of the duration. The duration and inflection points were also analyzed. The average duration of whistles was 0.298 second (SD = 0.147). About the burst pulse sounds the sign "bray call" (N = 36) was more common and longer than the "buzz sound" (N = 6). These two types occurred immediately after or near echolocation clicks. On these, 33 trains were analyzed and presented 36.45 (SD = 43.47) clicks and 11.404 (SD = 21.226) seconds, in average length. The interval between clicks or “Inter-click interval” (ICI) lasted 0.308 (SD = 0.301) seconds in average. It was also found two distinct temporal patterns for ICIs: 81% (N = 946) intervals lasted between 0.001 and 0.400 seconds and 19% (N = 224) lasted between 0.401 and 1.246 seconds. Most of the frequency parameters’ average from whistles were higher than those observed in studies with S. guianensis at south of the study area and lower than populations at north. This could be related to different frequency limits and/or the assumption that the frequency increases from south to north. The burst sounds observed were previously cited for S. guianensis and other odontocetes. Besides presenting a social function, these sounds may be related to obtaining prey. The distribution of the ICIs’ values in distinct temporal patterns was also reported for S. guianensis and other species of dolphins, which may represent the different functions of echolocation clicks. The estuarine dolphin occurred in the presence of a low-frequency anthropogenic noise. On this occasion there was a change in the acoustic behavior that possibly expresses an attempt to compensate for the effect of masking to maintain effective communication in an acoustically polluted environment.
Books on the topic "Animal sounds"
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illustrator, Roberts Cindy (Illustrator), ed. Animal sounds. New York: Little Bee Books, an imprint of Bonnier Publishing Group, 2015.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Animal sounds"
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Watkins, William A., Karen E. Moore, Christopher W. Clark, and Marilyn E. Dahlheim. "The Sounds of Sperm Whale Calves." In Animal Sonar, 99–107. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7493-0_11.
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Oswald, Julie N., Christine Erbe, William L. Gannon, Shyam Madhusudhana, and Jeanette A. Thomas. "Detection and Classification Methods for Animal Sounds." In Exploring Animal Behavior Through Sound: Volume 1, 269–317. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97540-1_8.
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AbstractClassification of the acoustic repertoires of animals into sound types is a useful tool for taxonomic studies, behavioral studies, and for documenting the occurrence of animals. Classification of acoustic repertoires enables the identification of species, age, gender, and individual identity, correlations between sound types and behavior, the identification of changes in vocal behavior over time or in response to anthropogenic noise, comparisons between the repertoires of populations living in different geographic regions and environments, and the development of software tools for automated signal processing. Techniques for classification have evolved over time as technical capabilities have expanded. Initially, researchers applied qualitative methods, such as listening and visually discerning sounds in spectrograms. Advances in computer technology and the development of software for the automatic detection and classification of sounds have allowed bioacousticians to quickly find sounds in recordings, thus significantly reducing analysis time and enabling the analysis of larger datasets. In this chapter, we present software algorithms for automated signal detection (based on energy, Teager–Kaiser energy, spectral entropy, matched filtering, and spectrogram cross-correlation) as well as for signal classification (e.g., parametric clustering, principal component analysis, discriminant function analysis, classification trees, artificial neural networks, random forests, Gaussian mixture models, support vector machines, dynamic time-warping, and hidden Markov models). Methods for evaluating the performance of automated tools are presented (i.e., receiver operating characteristics and precision-recall) and challenges with classifying animal sounds are discussed.
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Larsen, Ole Næsbye, William L. Gannon, Christine Erbe, Gianni Pavan, and Jeanette A. Thomas. "Source-Path-Receiver Model for Airborne Sounds." In Exploring Animal Behavior Through Sound: Volume 1, 153–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97540-1_5.
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AbstractThe Source-Path-Receiver Model (SPRM) is a fundamental concept derived from hazard (including noise) control. It is useful in studies of animal bioacoustics where the sound sources may be animals, humans, or natural events within the habitat and the receivers are animals. It provides a framework for the researcher to ensure all aspects of the scenario being observed or recorded are considered, which could affect the observations. This chapter develops the SPRM for the example of animal acoustic communication, where the source and receiver are animals of the same species. Factors that affect the source and receiver are explained (e.g., age, sex, individual identity, and context). Much emphasis is given to “the path.” The environment through which the sound travels affects the received signal (in terms of its amplitude, frequency, and duration) and exhibits ambient noise, which might affect both sender and receiver. The basic concepts of sound propagation are explained (including Huygens’ principle, ray tracing, Snell’s law, reflection, scattering, reverberation, diffraction, refraction, transmission, absorption, ground effect, atmosphere effects, acoustic mirages, and shadow zones). The SPRM illustrates the importance of exploring the acoustic features of a sound signal at all points between the sender and receiver to understand factors that could promote or inhibit effective communication among animals.
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Schoeman, Renée P., Christine Erbe, Gianni Pavan, Roberta Righini, and Jeanette A. Thomas. "Analysis of Soundscapes as an Ecological Tool." In Exploring Animal Behavior Through Sound: Volume 1, 217–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97540-1_7.
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AbstractSoundscapes have been likened to acoustic landscapes, encompassing all the acoustic features of an area. The sounds that make up a soundscape can be grouped according to their source into biophony (sounds from animals), geophony (sounds from atmospheric and geophysical events), and anthropophony (sounds from human activities). Natural soundscapes have changed over time because of human activities that generate sound, alter land-use patterns, remove animals from natural settings, and result in climate change. These human activities have direct and indirect effects on animal distribution patterns and (acoustic) behavior. Consequently, current soundscapes may be very different from those a few hundred years ago. This is of concern as natural soundscapes have ecological value. Losing natural soundscapes may, therefore, result in a loss of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. The study of soundscapes can identify ecosystems undergoing change and potentially document causes (such as noise from human activities). Methods for studying soundscapes range from listening and creating visual (spectrographic) displays to the computation of acoustic indices and advanced statistical modeling. Passive acoustic recording has become an ecological tool for research, monitoring, and ultimately conservation management. This chapter introduces terrestrial and aquatic soundscapes, soundscape analysis tools, and soundscape management.
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Reckendorf, Anja, Lars Seidelin, and Magnus Wahlberg. "Marine Mammal Acoustics." In Marine Mammals, 15–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06836-2_2.
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AbstractBioacoustics combines the fields of biology and acoustics to answer questions about hearing, sound production and sound communication in animals. Marine mammals have specialised hearing abilities and use sounds in different ways underwater. How do whales and seals use sound for communication and to find prey? How are they affected by human-made sounds from ships, oil exploration and windfarms? To answer such questions, you need to study marine mammals, be well-trained in natural sciences and know about animal anatomy, physiology and behaviour. You also need a thorough understanding of the fundamentals of acoustics, maths and physics. Bioacoustics is a truly interdisciplinary research field involving biologists, physicists and engineers trying to understand the world of biological sound, how sounds are produced and used by animals. Additionally, underwater acoustic recordings can reveal which areas animals use during different seasons. Bioacoustics can also be used to improve wildlife protection by regulating damaging sound sources in marine mammal habitats. Using the exercises at the end of this chapter, students learn about frequencies, decibels and their own hearing abilities, as well as how to build their own underwater microphone.
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Marten, Kenneth, Kenneth S. Norris, Patrick W. B. Moore, and Kirsten A. Englund. "Loud Impulse Sounds in Odontocete Predation and Social Behavior." In Animal Sonar, 567–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7493-0_57.
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Smolker, Rachel, and Andrew Richards. "Loud Sounds During Feeding in Indian Ocean Bottlenose Dolphins." In Animal Sonar, 703–6. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7493-0_75.
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Pop, G. P. "Discriminate Animal Sounds Using TESPAR Analysis." In International Conference on Advancements of Medicine and Health Care through Technology; 12th - 15th October 2016, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 185–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52875-5_41.
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Pop, Gavril-Petre. "Identification of Animal Species from Their Sounds." In 6th International Conference on Advancements of Medicine and Health Care through Technology; 17–20 October 2018, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 133–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6207-1_21.
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Lendinara, Patrizia. "Medieval Versifications of Lists of Animal Sounds." In Instrumenta Patristica et Mediaevalia, 235–73. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.ipm-eb.5.125564.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Animal sounds"
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Hagiwara, Masato, Benjamin Hoffman, Jen-Yu Liu, Maddie Cusimano, Felix Effenberger, and Katie Zacarian. "BEANS: The Benchmark of Animal Sounds." In ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096686.
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Tacioli, Leandro, Luíz Toledo, and Claudua Medeiros. "An Architecture for Animal Sound Identification based on Multiple Feature Extraction and Classification Algorithms." In XI Brazilian e-Science Workshop. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/bresci.2017.9919.
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Automatic identification of animals is extremely useful for scientists, providing ways to monitor species and changes in ecological communities. The choice of effective audio features and classification techniques is a challenge on any audio recognition system, especially in bioacoustics that commonly uses several algorithms. This paper presents a novel software architecture that supports multiple feature extraction and classification algorithms to help on the identification of animal species from their recorded sounds. This architecture was implemented by the WASIS software, freely available on the Web.
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Gunasekaran, S., and K. Revathy. "Content-Based Classification and Retrieval of Wild Animal Sounds Using Feature Selection Algorithm." In 2010 Second International Conference on Machine Learning and Computing. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2010.11.
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Li, Qingqing, Qiong Wu, Jiajia Yang, Yiyang Yu, Fengxia Wu, Wu Wang, Satoshi Takahashi, Yoshimichi Ejima, and Jinglong Wu. "The Identification and Evaluation for Animal and Other Sounds: The Effect of Presentation Time." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icma.2019.8816333.
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Janicka, Wiktoria, and Martyna Mierzicka. "Variation in horses’ responses to sounds of different frequency characteristics." In 2nd International PhD Student’s Conference at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland: ENVIRONMENT – PLANT – ANIMAL – PRODUCT. Publishing House of The University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/icdsupl2.a009.
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Romero, Javier, Amalia Luque, and Alejandro Carrasco. "Animal Sound Classification using Sequential Classifiers." In 10th International Conference on Bio-inspired Systems and Signal Processing. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006246002420247.
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Pons, Patricia, Marcus Carter, and Javier Jaen. "Sound to your objects." In ACI '16: Third International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2995257.2995383.
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Condurache-Bota, Simona, Gabriel Murariu, Romana Maria Drasovean, and Romica Cretu. "URBAN NOISE POLLUTION AND ANTHROPOGENIC RELIEF; CASE STUDY FOR A MEDIUM-SIZED CITY." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s20.063.
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The distinction between noise and sound is mainly based on the discomfort of the latter, the noise being perceived as a negative sensation, while sounds are generally perceived as being pleasant. Noise and noise pollution are practically identical terms. Noise pollution is the exposure of humans and / or animals to sounds whose frequencies and intensities are harmful, affecting the auditory system, inducing stress or other instant or long term effects on the physical and mental health. For too recently, it has been recognized that noise can really have a dangerous effect on health. Urban noise is directly related to the types of human activities, being strongly influenced by population density, but also depends on urban architecture, i.e. the distribution of buildings and road network. One should keep in mind that traffic is an important noise source. Another such source is given by construction works which, even if discontinuous, when they are active, they induce serious sound discomfort and even worse. On the other side, the distribution of open and green spaces also influences the propagation of sounds, their reflection and absorption, factors that are too little analyzed in small and mediumsized developing cities. Such a combination of noise pollution factors and aspects that allow the dispersion of sounds is analyzed in this study in the case of Galati, a mediumsized city in Romania. Measurements of the sound intensity level were performed on several days and at different times, in areas with different urban architecture and noise sources, analyzing the connection between them as also related to the rhythm of human activities.
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Lin, Na, Haixin Sun, and Xiao-Ping Zhang. "Overlapping Animal Sound Classification Using Sparse Representation." In ICASSP 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2018.8462058.
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Sasmaz, Emre, and F. Boray Tek. "Animal Sound Classification Using A Convolutional Neural Network." In 2018 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering (UBMK). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ubmk.2018.8566449.
Full textReports on the topic "Animal sounds"
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Bradbury, Jack W., Christopher Clark, David K. Mellinger, and Sue E. Moore. An Annotated and Federated Digital Library of Marine Animal Sounds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada481335.
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Vantassel, Stephen M., and Mark A. Klng. Wildlife Carcass Disposal. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7207733.ws.
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Many wildlife management situations require the disposal of animal carcasses. These can include the lethal removal of wildlife to resolve damage or conflicts, as well as clean-up after mortalities caused by vehicle collisions, disease, oil spills or other natural disasters. Carcasses must be disposed of properly to protect public sensitivities, the environment, and public health. Improper disposal of carcasses can result in public outrage, site contamination, injury to animals and people, and the attraction of other animals that may lead to wildlife damage issues. Concern over ground water contamination and disease transmission from improper carcass disposal has resulted in increased regulation. Successful carcass disposal programs are cost-effective, environmentally sound, and protective of public health. In addition, disposal practices must demonstrate sensitivity to public perception while adhering to state and local guidelines. This publication discusses the range of options available for the responsible disposal of animal carcasses.
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Nachtigall, Paul E. Self-Changing of Animal Hearing to Mitigate the Effects of Loud Sound. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573673.
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Cahaner, Avigdor, Susan J. Lamont, E. Dan Heller, and Jossi Hillel. Molecular Genetic Dissection of Complex Immunocompetence Traits in Broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586461.bard.
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Objectives: (1) Evaluate Immunocompetence-OTL-containing Chromosomal Regions (ICRs), marked by microsatellites or candidate genes, for magnitude of direct effect and for contribution to relationships among multiple immunocompetence, disease-resistance, and growth traits, in order to estimate epistatic and pleiotropic effects and to predict the potential breeding applications of such markers. (2) Evaluate the interaction of the ICRs with genetic backgrounds from multiple sources and of multiple levels of genetic variation, in order to predict the general applicability of molecular genetic markers across widely varied populations. Background: Diseases cause substantial economic losses to animal producers. Emerging pathogens, vaccine failures and intense management systems increase the impact of diseases on animal production. Moreover, zoonotic pathogens are a threat to human food safety when microbiological contamination of animal products occurs. Consumers are increasingly concerned about drug residues and antibiotic- resistant pathogens derived from animal products. The project used contemporary scientific technologies to investigate the genetics of chicken resistance to infectious disease. Genetic enhancement of the innate resistance of chicken populations provides a sustainable and ecologically sound approach to reduce microbial loads in agricultural populations. In turn, animals will be produced more efficiently with less need for drug treatment and will pose less of a potential food-safety hazard. Major achievements, conclusions and implications:. The PI and co-PIs had developed a refined research plan, aiming at the original but more focused objectives, that could be well-accomplished with the reduced awarded support. The successful conduct of that research over the past four years has yielded substantial new information about the genes and genetic markers that are associated with response to two important poultry pathogens, Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and Escherichia coli (EC), about variation of immunocompetence genes in poultry, about relationships of traits of immune response and production, and about interaction of genes with environment and with other genes and genetic background. The current BARD work has generated a base of knowledge and expertise regarding the genetic variation underlying the traits of immunocompetence and disease resistance. In addition, unique genetic resource populations of chickens have been established in the course of the current project, and they are essential for continued projects. The US laboratory has made considerable progress in studies of the genetics of resistance to SE. Microsatellite-marked chromosomal regions and several specific genes were linked to SE vaccine response or bacterial burden and the important phenomenon of gene interaction was identified in this system. In total, these studies demonstrate the role of genetics in SE response, the utility of the existing resource population, and the expertise of the research group in conducting such experiments. The Israeli laboratories had showed that the lines developed by selection for high or low level of antibody (Ab) response to EC differ similarly in Ab response to several other viral and bacterial pathogens, indicating the existence of a genetic control of general capacity of Ab response in young broilers. It was also found that the 10w-Ab line has developed, possibly via compensatory "natural" selection, higher cellular immune response. At the DNA levels, markers supposedly linked to immune response were identified, as well as SNP in the MHC, a candidate gene responsible for genetic differences in immunocompetence of chickens.
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Bell, Matthew, Rob Ament, Damon Fick, and Marcel Huijser. Improving Connectivity: Innovative Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Structures for Wildlife, Bicyclists, and/or Pedestrians. Nevada Department of Transportation, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2022.09.
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Engineers and ecologists continue to explore new methods and adapt existing techniques to improve highway mitigation measures that increase motorist safety and conserve wildlife species. Crossing structures, overpasses and underpasses, combined with fences, are some of the most highly effective mitigation measures employed around the world to reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) with large animals, increase motorist safety, and maintain habitat connectivity across transportation networks for many other types and sizes of wildlife. Published research on structural designs and materials for wildlife crossings is limited and suggests relatively little innovation has occurred. Wildlife crossing structures for large mammals are crucial for many highway mitigation strategies, so there is a need for new, resourceful, and innovative techniques to construct these structures. This report explored the promising application of fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) to a wildlife crossing using an overpass. The use of FRP composites has increased due to their high strength and light weight characteristics, long service life, and low maintenance costs. They are highly customizable in shape and geometry and the materials used (e.g., resins and fibers) in their manufacture. This project explored what is known about FRP bridge structures and what commercial materials are available in North America that can be adapted for use in a wildlife crossing using an overpass structure. A 12-mile section of US Highway 97 (US-97) in Siskiyou County, California was selected as the design location. Working with the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) and California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), a site was selected for the FRP overpass design where it would help reduce WVCs and provide habitat connectivity. The benefits of a variety of FRP materials have been incorporated into the US-97 crossing design, including in the superstructure, concrete reinforcement, fencing, and light/sound barriers on the overpass. Working with Caltrans helped identify the challenges and limitations of using FRP materials for bridge construction in California. The design was used to evaluate the life cycle costs (LCCs) of using FRP materials for wildlife infrastructure compared to traditional materials (e.g., concrete, steel, and wood). The preliminary design of an FRP wildlife overpass at the US-97 site provides an example of a feasible, efficient, and constructible alternative to the use of conventional steel and concrete materials. The LCC analysis indicated the preliminary design using FRP materials could be more cost effective over a 100-year service life than ones using traditional materials.
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Fontecave, Marc, and Candel Sébastien. Quelles perspectives énergétiques pour la biomasse ? Académie des sciences, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62686/1.
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Le débat public concernant l’avenir du mix énergétique français à l’horizon 2050 a longtemps été réduit à la seule considération de son volet électrique, dans une opposition entre énergie nucléaire et énergies renouvelables (EnR). Pourtant, la part non-électrique de notre consommation énergétique constitue clairement aujourd’hui un des principaux défis de la transition climatique et énergétique. Actuellement issue du pétrole, du gaz et du charbon, elle constitue l’angle mort des divers scénarios énergétiques disponibles, alors qu’elle restera encore indispensable, notamment dans le secteur de la mobilité et de la production de chaleur. Le Comité de prospective en énergie (CPE) de l’Académie des sciences examine ici les ressources énergétiques et carbonées pouvant être tirées de la biomasse, qui présente des atouts certains en permettant le stockage de l’énergie sous forme de biogaz ou de biocarburants, et les perspectives raisonnables offertes par celles-ci dans le mix énergétique national à l’horizon 2050. Le présent rapport se focalise sur les aspects scientifiques et technologiques, sans occulter certaines considérations environnementales, économiques, sociales, et de souveraineté nationale, abordés à la lumière de la littérature disponible et de l’audition d’experts des divers domaines considérés. Après avoir défini la notion de biomasse dans sa diversité, le rapport décrit les différentes bioénergies possibles et leurs limites. Les utilisations actuelles de la biomasse en France sont évaluées et comparées aux perspectives envisagées à l’horizon 2050 au regard du potentiel réellement mobilisable, pour lequel il existe une grande variation dans les estimations proposées, et des technologies nécessaires à sa transformation, qui restent, pour la plupart, coûteuses et de faible maturité. Ainsi, cette analyse montre notamment que le besoin d’énergie non-électrique, tel qu’il est défini dans le scénario de référence fourni par Réseau de transport d’électricité (RTE), sera difficile – pour ne pas dire impossible - à atteindre avec la seule biomasse produite en France : le bouclage énergétique 2050 passera nécessairement par un maintien d’importations de gaz naturel et par de nouvelles importations de biomasse et/ou de bioénergie introduisant des dépendances nouvelles et exportant les risques associés à leur utilisation massive. Le rapport rappelle que la bioénergie reste l’énergie la moins favorable en termes d’empreinte spatiale et que la biomasse a, sur toute la chaîne des valeurs, un faible retour énergétique. Sa plus grande mobilisation, qui ne devra pas se faire au détriment de la sécurité alimentaire humaine et animale, ni au détriment des éco-services rendus par la biosphère, aura des impacts environnementaux certains qu’il faudrait estimer avec rigueur. Enfin, le remplacement de la pétrochimie industrielle par une nouvelle « carbochimie biosourcée » va nécessiter des efforts considérables d’adaptation des procédés et de recherche et développement dans le domaine de la catalyse, de la chimie de synthèse et des biotechnologies. Ces conclusions conduisent le CPE à formuler des recommandations concernant : 1.La nécessaire amélioration de la concertation entre les divers organismes et agences pour aboutir à une estimation rigoureuse et convergente des ressources potentielles, 2.La réalisation de bilans carbone des diverses filières et d’analyses en termes de retour énergétique des investissements envisagés, pour s’assurer de la soutenabilité et du gain en carbone qui ne sont pas acquis pour le moment, 3.Le soutien au déploiement de la recherche et développement des filières de biocarburants de seconde génération pour accroitre leur maturité industrielle, 4.La poursuite du développement d’une chimie organique de synthèse biosourcée, 5.La priorité à établir dans l’utilisation de la biomasse pour les usages qui ne pourront être décarbonés par l’électricité, passant par une politique publique permettant de résoudre les conflits d’usages, 6.La nécessité de concertation des politiques énergétique et agroalimentaire de notre pays.
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Innovative Solutions to Human-Wildlife Conflicts: National Wildlife Research Center Accomplishments, 2016. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.7207238.aphis.
Full textAbstract:
The National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) is the research arm of Wildlife Services, a program within the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). NWRC’s researchers are dedicated to finding biologically sound, practical, and effective solutions for resolving wildlife damage management issues. There are spotlights highlight the breadth and depth of NWRC’s research and support services expertise and its holistic approach to addressing today’s wildlife-related challenges.
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Innovative Solutions to Human-Wildlife Conflicts: National Wildlife Research Center Accomplishments, 2015. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7206800.aphis.
Full textAbstract:
The National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) is the research arm of Wildlife Services (WS), a program within the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). NWRC’s researchers are dedicated to finding biologically sound, practical, and effective solutions to resolving wildlife damage management issues. The following spotlights highlight the breadth and depth of NWRC’s research and support services expertise and its holistic approach to addressing today’s wildlife-related challenges.
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Innovative Solutions to Human-Wildlife Conflicts: National Wildlife Research Center Accomplishments, 2013. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7206798.aphis.
Full textAbstract:
The National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) is the research arm of Wildlife Services (WS), a program within the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA)Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). NWRC’s researchers are dedicated to finding biologically sound, practical, and effective solutions to resolving wildlife damage management issues. The three spotlights, aviation strike hazard management, reproduction and wildlife damage management, and technology transfer of wildlife damage management tools and strategies, for 2013 show the depth and breadth of NWRC’s research expertise and its holistic approach to addressing today’s wildlife-related challenges.
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Innovative Solutions to Human-Wildlife Conflicts: National Wildlife Research Center Accomplishments, 2014. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7206799.aphis.
Full textAbstract:
The National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) is the research arm of Wildlife Services (WS), a program within the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). NWRC’s researchers are dedicated to finding biologically sound, practical, and effective solutions to resolving wildlife damage management issues. They seek these solutions using a multiyear, multidisciplinary project management system. NWRC identifies and prioritizes projects based on feedback from WS program leaders, managers, and stakeholders concerning their most pressing wildlife damage management needs. During 2014, five research projects reached the end of their 5-year life cycle. At the final project reviews, project leaders and their staff presented and discussed each project’s accomplishments, challenges, and findings.