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Journal articles on the topic 'Animal testing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Sanjana, Rahul Mirge. "Animal Testing and Ethics." Animal Testing and Ethics 8, no. 12 (2023): 2. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10405259.

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Animal testing has been a contentious issue at the intersection of scientific research, medical advancement, and ethical considerations. This abstract explores the ethical dimensions surrounding animal testing, aiming to shed light on the ongoing debate and emphasize the importance of finding a balance between scientific progress and ethical responsibilities. The ethical considerations of animal testing encompass concerns about the welfare and rights of animals, prompting discussions on the necessity, justification, and humane treatment of animals in research settings. While animal testing has

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2

Fano, Alix. "Animal Testing." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 90, no. 12 (1997): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107689709001237.

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3

Anderson, Christopher. "Less animal testing." Nature 352, no. 6336 (1991): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/352557c0.

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4

HOGUE, CHERYL, and JEFF JOHNSON. "ANIMAL TESTING ALTERNATIVES." Chemical & Engineering News 85, no. 25 (2007): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n025.p012.

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5

Clotworthy, Margaret. "Testing animal tests." New Scientist 198, no. 2652 (2008): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(08)60960-4.

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6

Stokes, WS. "Animals and the 3Rs in toxicology research and testing." Human & Experimental Toxicology 34, no. 12 (2015): 1297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327115598410.

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Despite efforts to eliminate the use of animals in testing and the availability of many accepted alternative methods, animals are still widely used for toxicological research and testing. While research using in vitro and computational models has dramatically increased in recent years, such efforts have not yet measurably impacted animal use for regulatory testing and are not likely to do so for many years or even decades. Until regulatory authorities have accepted test methods that can totally replace animals and these are fully implemented, large numbers of animals will continue to be used a

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7

Verity, Erin E., Kathy Stewart, Kirsten Vandenberg, Chi Ong, and Steven Rockman. "Potency Testing of Venoms and Antivenoms in Embryonated Eggs: An Ethical Alternative to Animal Testing." Toxins 13, no. 4 (2021): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13040233.

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Venoms are complex mixtures of biologically active molecules that impact multiple physiological systems. Manufacture of antivenoms (AVs) therefore requires potency testing using in vivo models to ensure AV efficacy. As part of ongoing research to replace small animals as the standard model for AV potency testing, we developed an alternate in vivo method using the embryonated egg model (EEM). In this model, the survival of chicken embryos envenomated in ovo is determined prior to 50% gestation, when they are recognized as animals by animal welfare legislation. Embryos were found to be susceptib

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8

Hajar, Rachel. "Animal testing and medicine." Heart Views 12, no. 1 (2011): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1995-705x.81548.

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9

Hajar, Rachel. "Alternative to animal testing." Heart Views 12, no. 1 (2011): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1995-705x.81551.

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10

Farland, William H., and Vicki Vaughn-Dellarco. "Animal Testing and EPA." Science 270, no. 5244 (1995): 1907–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5244.1907.

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11

Jackson, Edward M. "Alternatives to Animal Testing." Journal of Toxicology: Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology 15, no. 1 (1996): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15569529609044445.

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12

Marx, J. "Animal carcinogen testing challenged." Science 250, no. 4982 (1990): 743–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.2237420.

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13

Bauch, C. "Towards animal free testing." Toxicology Letters 205 (August 2011): S153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.539.

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14

Whyte, Chelsea. "The animal-testing paradox." New Scientist 244, no. 3251 (2019): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(19)31911-6.

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15

Krishna, S. Chinny. "Animal testing in India." Lancet 357, no. 9259 (2001): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)71818-3.

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16

Sharma, Dinesh C. "Animal testing in India." Lancet 357, no. 9259 (2001): 885–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)71819-5.

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17

Wahyuwardani, Sutiastuti, S. M. Noor, and B. Bakrie. "Animal Welfare Ethics in Research and Testing: Implementation and its Barrier." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 30, no. 4 (2020): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v30i4.2529.

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Animals have an important role in research and testing to improve human and animal health. Animal usage must be balanced between science and ethical values of animal welfare. This paper discusses the role of IACUC, the implications of animal welfare for research, animal ethical clearance and obstacles in the implementation of animal welfare. Institution of Animal Care Use Committee (IACUC) has an important role to ensure that researcher has animal ethical clearance before conducting research and testing. Research and testing using animal should comply with ethical principles: respect, benefici

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18

Nuragustini, Supardi, and Prasetyo Handoyo. "Criminalization Policy of Animal Testing in Cosmetics Production in Indonesia." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 07, no. 07 (2024): 5194–201. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12747673.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the importance of criminalization in the use of animal testing in the production of cosmetics in Indonesia as well as the right formulation in the formation of policies on animal testing. The problem is why a criminalization policy is needed against producers who conduct animal testing as a product test in the cosmetics production process and how the formulation of criminalization arrangements against producers who conduct animal testing as a test of cosmetics products in the production process. To be able to answer the formulation of the problem, the re

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19

Nurunnabi, Abu Sadat Mohammad, Rokhsana Dil Afroz, and Salman Nur Alam. "Ethical Debate on Animal Research." Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 4, no. 3 (2013): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v4i3.17373.

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Animal research or animal testing is done worldwide, where vertebrate animals, from zebrafish to non-human primates, millions in number are used annually. The practice is regulated to various degrees in different countries. Scientists and science authorities still have their arguments to justify animal testing. However, dialogues and protests are also evident against it. Awareness and campaign in recent years has made scientists and governments make statement that animal testing should cause as little suffering to animals as possible and that animal tests should only be performed where necessa

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20

Meyer, Otto. "Implications of Animal Welfiare on Toxicity Testing." Human & Experimental Toxicology 12, no. 6 (1993): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719301200609.

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The testing strategy for chemical substances is discussed with regard to obtaining improved quality of data for health assessment while respecting the ethical responsibility for consideration of the welfare of the animals involved. Ensuring animal welfare without indulging too much in anthropomorphism leads to better research/testing, Current trends in toxicity testing will result in tests involving more sophisticated techniques, better quality of laboratory animals, and eventually the use of fewer animals,

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21

Ganatra, Varsha, Rupesh Sinha, Srishti Srishti, et al. "The Body Shop "Forever Against Animal Testing”." International Journal of Applied Business and International Management 6, no. 1 (2021): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32535/ijabim.v6i1.1082.

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Body Shop is a well-known cruelty-free cosmetics brand company. This research paper explores how Body Shop is running the campaign 'forever against animal testing' and raising its voice for banning animal testing in cosmetics. The Body Shop has been advocating for animal rights since 1989. Qualitative analysis techniques have been used in this research paper and information is obtained through a questioner focused on convenient sampling. We have discovered in our research that most consumers do not want to purchase goods which are created by harming animals. In manufacturing cosmetics, we say

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22

Fröhlich, Eleonore. "Replacement Strategies for Animal Studies in Inhalation Testing." Sci 3, no. 4 (2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci3040045.

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Animal testing is mandatory in drug testing and is the gold standard for toxicity and efficacy evaluations. This situation is expected to change in the future as the 3Rs principle, which stands for the replacement, reduction, and refinement of the use of animals in science, is reinforced by many countries. On the other hand, technologies for alternatives to animal testing have increased. The need to develop and use alternatives depends on the complexity of the research topic and also on the extent to which the currently used animal models can mimic human physiology and/or exposure. The lung mo

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23

Smith, Adrian J., R. Eddie Clutton, Elliot Lilley, Kristine E. Aa Hansen, and Trond Brattelid. "PREPARE: guidelines for planning animal research and testing." Laboratory Animals 52, no. 2 (2017): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677217724823.

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There is widespread concern about the quality, reproducibility and translatability of studies involving research animals. Although there are a number of reporting guidelines available, there is very little overarching guidance on how to plan animal experiments, despite the fact that this is the logical place to start ensuring quality. In this paper we present the PREPARE guidelines: Planning Research and Experimental Procedures on Animals: Recommendations for Excellence. PREPARE covers the three broad areas which determine the quality of the preparation for animal studies: formulation, dialogu

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24

Meng, Xiangbo, Reihane Ziadlou, Sibylle Grad, et al. "Animal Models of Osteochondral Defect for Testing Biomaterials." Biochemistry Research International 2020 (January 28, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9659412.

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The treatment of osteochondral defects (OCD) remains a great challenge in orthopaedics. Tissue engineering holds a good promise for regeneration of OCD. In the light of tissue engineering, it is critical to establish an appropriate animal model to evaluate the degradability, biocompatibility, and interaction of implanted biomaterials with host bone/cartilage tissues for OCD repair in vivo. Currently, model animals that are commonly deployed to create osteochondral lesions range from rats, rabbits, dogs, pigs, goats, and sheep horses to nonhuman primates. It is essential to understand the advan

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25

CASSIDY, BRANDT G., and ROBERT A. GONZALES. "DNA TESTING IN ANIMAL FORENSICS." Journal of Wildlife Management 69, no. 4 (2005): 1454–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541x(2005)69[1454:dtiaf]2.0.co;2.

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26

Tarry, Claudia. "Misleading data from animal testing." Nursing Standard 18, no. 18 (2004): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.18.18.31.s47.

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27

Vanessa Zainzinger, special to C&EN. "Can animal testing be replaced?" C&EN Global Enterprise 100, no. 28 (2022): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-10028-cover.

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28

Sun, Shany. "The truth behind animal testing." Young Scientists Journal 5, no. 12 (2012): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-6102.105076.

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29

Michelson, Gary, and Aysha Akhtar. "Welcome Alternatives to Animal Testing." Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News 41, no. 12 (2021): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gen.41.12.07.

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30

Lambert, Lark A., Wayne G. Warner, and Andrija Kornhauser. "Animal Models for Phototoxicity Testing." Toxicology Methods 6, no. 2 (1996): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15376519609068456.

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31

Savage, S., and D. Ma. "III. Animal behaviour testing: memory." British Journal of Anaesthesia 113, no. 1 (2014): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/aeu014.

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32

Laurel Oldach. "Animal-free endotoxin testing approved." C&EN Global Enterprise 102, no. 24 (2024): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-10224-buscon15.

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33

Tamburri, R. "SARS vaccine undergoing animal testing." Canadian Medical Association Journal 171, no. 4 (2004): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1041149.

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34

Jackson, Edward M. "“Why have Alternatives to Animal Skin Testing Lagged Behind Alternatives to Animal Eye Testing?”." Journal of Toxicology: Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology 12, no. 2 (1993): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15569529309036251.

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35

Jackson, Edward M. "Why Have Alternatives to Animal Skin Testing Lagged Behind Alternatives to Animal Eye Testing?" Journal of Toxicology: Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology 15, no. 1 (1996): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15569529609044476.

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36

Combes, Robert D. "Regulatory Genotoxicity Testing: A Critical Appraisal." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 23, no. 3 (1995): 352–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299502300312.

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This review considers current approaches to regulatory genotoxicity testing, focusing on how the use of animals can be further replaced, reduced and refined. The complementary roles of in vitro and in vivo testing, and the justification for using animals, are discussed in detail. Recommendations are made for improvements and further work, in the light of the considerable current controversy surrounding the composition and deployment of testing strategies, and the interpretation of the data generated, particularly for carcinogenicity prediction. The major problems are the oversensitivity of in

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37

Nde, Paul Ade. "Reviving Animal Welfare: A Philosophical Appraisal of Barbarism or Civilization?" ISRG Journal of Arts Humanities & Social Sciences (ISRGJAHSS) III, no. II (2025): 309–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15235111.

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<em>Animal welfare is a crucial issue of concern today as it portrays a clear reflection of human responsibility towards the wellbeing and treatment of other living beings. I emphasize that, there is a progressing recognition that animals possess intrinsic value and merit to be treated respectfully and compassionately. This belief has resulted to the promulgation of laws and regulations that guarantee and protect animals from cruelty, suffering, neglect, disrespect and pain. Animal welfare addresses a wide range of issues including; the treatment of animals in agriculture, research, scientific

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38

Feller, Michelle J., John B. Kaneene, and Mary Grace Stobierski. "Prevalence of rabies in bats in Michigan, 1981–1993." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 210, no. 2 (1997): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1997.210.02.195.

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Objectives To analyze the species distribution of animals submitted to the Michigan Department of Public Health (MDPH) for rabies testing during 1993. To determine whether any of the 9 species of bats residing in Michigan carries a disproportionate rabies burden, and to determine whether bats contributed the most cases of confirmed rabies during 1981 through 1992. Design Epidemiologic study. Procedure Records of animals submitted to the MDPH for rabies testing during 1993, and between 1981 and 1992, were reviewed. Information regarding type of animal submitted, specific species if the animal w

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39

Cui, Shujuan, Yimeng Liu, Jiachen Zhao, et al. "An Updated Review on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Animals." Viruses 14, no. 7 (2022): 1527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14071527.

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has lasted for two years and caused millions of infections and deaths in humans. Although the origin of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans remains unknown, infection in animals has been frequently reported in varieties of animals all over the world. Both experimental and natural infections of SARS-CoV-2 in different animal species provide useful information on viral host range and pathogenicity. As the pandemic continues to evolve, SARS-CoV-2 infection in animals will be expanding. In this review, we summarized SARS-CoV-2 te

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40

Kischkel, Sabine, Andreas Brietzke, Wolfram Schmidt, Thomas Eickner, Niels Grabow, and Claudia Matschegewski. "Application of 3R principles in small animal GLP testing of biomaterials." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 5, no. 1 (2019): 335–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2019-0084.

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AbstractOn the protection of animals used for scientific purposes, the EU Parliament adopted Directive 2010/63/EU. The essential factor is the 3R principle: Replacement, Reduction and Refinement. In 2013, the third amendment to the German Animal Welfare Act was revised and adapted to the European Directive. The majority of animals in science are used in basic research, as well as in translational and applied research. In medical research, animal experimentation is conducted to clarify previously unknown life processes and basic biological relationships, in order to improve diagnostics and trea

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41

Dickeiy, Shelagh. "Animal testing is a slippery slope." Nursing Standard 13, no. 15 (1998): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.13.15.12.s29.

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42

Niazi, Sarfaraz K. "End animal testing for biosimilar approval." Science 377, no. 6602 (2022): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.add4664.

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43

Wellborn, Gary A. "Testing Concepts of Animal Foraging Behavior." American Biology Teacher 62, no. 1 (2000): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1662/0002-7685(2000)062[0046:tcoafb]2.0.co;2.

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44

van der Laan, Jan Willem, Carla Herberts, Robert Lambkin-Williams, Alison Boyers, Alexander J. Mann, and John Oxford. "Animal models in influenza vaccine testing." Expert Review of Vaccines 7, no. 6 (2008): 783–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14760584.7.6.783.

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45

Thilly, W. G. "Mutational Spectrometry in Animal Toxicity Testing." Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 30, no. 1 (1990): 369–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pa.30.040190.002101.

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46

Zurlo, Joanne, and Robert A. Squire. "Is Saccharin Safe? Animal Testing Revisited." JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 90, no. 1 (1998): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/90.1.2.

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47

Berry, Colin. "Cut animal wastage in toxicology testing." Nature 523, no. 7561 (2015): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/523410a.

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48

RALL, DAVID P. "Laboratory Animal Toxicity and Carcinogenesis Testing." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 534, no. 1 Living in a C (1988): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb30095.x.

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49

Kojima, H. "Trend on alternative to animal testing." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 29, no. 4 (2007): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2007.00376_1.x.

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50

Nasto, Barbara. "Animal testing: There is no alternative." Nature Medicine 2, no. 12 (1996): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1296-1285a.

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