Journal articles: 'Animal Watch'

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JACKSON, MARY ANNE. "Watch Out for Animal Bites." Pediatric News 44, no. 4 (April 2010): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-398x(10)70154-5.

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Spitler, A. "Washington Watch: Controversy over animal patents." BioScience 37, no. 9 (October 1, 1987): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioscience/37.9.652.

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Land, Michael F. "Animal Vision: Rats Watch the Sky." Current Biology 23, no. 14 (July 2013): R611—R613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.06.015.

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Morrison, A. R., and D. P. Purpura. "Washington Watch: Legislative shift on animal research." BioScience 40, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioscience/40.3.172.

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Westcot, Stephanie. "Patent Watch." Zebrafish 6, no. 4 (December 2009): 473–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2009.9989.

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Westcot, Stephanie. "Patent Watch." Zebrafish 6, no. 3 (September 2009): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2009.9993.

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Westcot, Stephanie. "Patent Watch." Zebrafish 7, no. 4 (December 2010): 383–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2010.9990.

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Westcot, Stephanie. "Patent Watch." Zebrafish 7, no. 3 (September 2010): 323–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2010.9993.

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Westcot, Stephanie. "Patent Watch." Zebrafish 7, no. 2 (June 2010): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2010.9995.

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Westcot, Stephanie. "Patent Watch." Zebrafish 7, no. 1 (March 2010): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2010.9998.

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Westcot, Stephanie. "Patent Watch." Zebrafish 8, no. 3 (September 2011): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2011.9995.

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Westcot, Stephanie. "Patent Watch." Zebrafish 8, no. 2 (June 2011): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2011.9997.

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Westcot, Stephanie. "Patent Watch." Zebrafish 8, no. 1 (March 2011): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2011.9999.

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Hodges, John. "World watch list for domestic animal diversity. (1995)." Livestock Production Science 49, no. 1 (August 1997): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(97)90046-4.

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Wortman, Judith. "Washington Watch: PHS Revises Its Lab Animal Welfare Policy." BioScience 35, no. 7 (July 1985): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioscience/35.7.408.

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Bennett, B. Taylor, and Matthew R. Bailey. "Policy watch: revisions to the Animal Welfare Inspection Guide." Lab Animal 46, no. 10 (October 2017): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/laban.1355.

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郑, 新明. "Animal Year Culture: Happy Watch of Simple Folk Customs." Chinese Traditional Culture 02, no. 02 (2014): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/cnc.2014.22003.

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Petersen, Wayne R. "RAPTOR MIGRATION WATCH-SITE MANUAL." Wilson Bulletin 112, no. 1 (March 2000): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2000)112[0161:br]2.0.co;2.

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oftus, Ronan I. "INTRODUCING THE FIRST WORLD WATCH LIST FOR DOMESTIC ANIMAL DIVERSITY." Animal Genetic Resources Information 13 (April 1994): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900004454.

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SUMMARYThe recently published World Watch List for Domestic Animal Diversity (WWL-DAD) provides the first comprehensive list of endangered livestock breeds worldwide (FAO/LTNEP 1993). This document will function as a global early warning system to help prevent the erosion of livestock genetic resources. Seven species are covered, namely ass, buffalo, cattle, goat, horse, pig and sheep. Within these species, breeds at risk are defined as critical (The Critical Breeds List) or endangered (The Endangered Breeds List) based on the number of breeding females. Although the statistics for these seven species are still incomplete at the time of going to press, over 390 breeds are already known to be at risk.

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Davis, William E. "WHERE TO WATCH BIRDS IN AUSTRALASIA AND OCEANIA." Wilson Bulletin 112, no. 2 (June 2000): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2000)112[0300:br]2.0.co;2.

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Owiny, James. "Response to Protocol Review Scenario: Whose watch?" Lab Animal 38, no. 3 (March 2009): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/laban0309-79.

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Bennett, B. Taylor, and Matthew R. Bailey. "Policy watch: adapting to change in the animal care and use oversight environment." Lab Animal 46, no. 2 (February 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/laban.1185.

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Arnould-Bloomfield, Elisabeth. "Posthuman Compassions." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 130, no. 5 (October 2015): 1467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2015.130.5.1467.

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What happens when i watch a creature suffer or when i share in my dog's joy? what is the power of these emotions, what do they teach me about living with animals and engaging ethically with their differences? While these questions may still seem sentimental to some, they have become increasingly relevant to those who study animals. Emotions have made a remarkable comeback in recent animal literature and philosophy. Rehabilitated by a new wave of theorists, they have found their way into some of the most provocative contemporary reflections on animal ethics. Josephine Donovan, Jacques Derrida, Ralph Acampora, Donna Haraway, and others have all granted compassion theoretical pride of place. They share a critique of the rationalist bias of the justice-and-rights tradition and suggest that compassionate attention to animals is the “ground upon which theory about human treatment of animals should be constructed” (Donovan, “Attention” 174). For many such contemporary thinkers, then, compassion—a deeply affective way of sharing another's emotion—is the fundamental means of forging the ethical bond we have with nonhuman animals. Replacing the “calculable process” of current animal-rights theories with the emotional encounter of the other's living—and dying—reality, compassion offers a new understanding of responsibility and relationships (Wolfe, “Exposures” 19).

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Brehme, U., U. Stollberg, R. Holz, and T. Schleusener. "ALT pedometer – a new sensor-aided measurement system for improvement in oestrus detection." Research in Agricultural Engineering 52, No. 1 (February 7, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4873-rae.

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Without sensor-aided animal data measuring systems far fewer oestrus cycles are recognized because cycle length, oestrus duration and oestrus intensity have developed negatively at high animal performance rates. This development makes it eminently clear that observation of the mating season in the dairy cattle sector is even more important than assumed so far if the financial losses due to insufficient herd fertility are not to become a business problem. Electronic identification and measuring systems represent key technologies for progressive automation in animal husbandry in modern, future-oriented livestock farming. Suitable objective measuring systems are needed in animals husbandry to quickly and safely recognize animal illness, normal oestrus cycle, silent heat or suffering from stress. Pedometer and transponder from different companies play an important role for measuring from animals data and statements in animals health and oestrus monitoring. Modern sensors (sensors, bio sensors), increasingly non-invasive measuring and transfer methods make crucial improvements in the potential for measuring animal data. A new type of pedometer, called ALT pedometer, for three measurement parameters (activity, lying time, temperature), a real time watch and a change measuring time interval was developed. With this system it is possible to select different time intervals between 1 and 60 min for continuous measuring. The results for oestrus detection are excellent. The high correspondence between the measuring parameters activity and lying time allow a statement to be made early and safely on animal illnesses and the time of the oestrus cycle.

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Hamad, Alshammari Fanar, Jong-Hun Han, and Irfan Ahmad Rather. "Mouse model of DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis." Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 12, no. 2 (April 30, 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v12i2.31950.

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Atopic dermatitis is a skin disease characterized by allergic skin inflammation, redness and itching. The animal model is necessary to find out new drugs. The DNCB-induced animal model of atopic dermatitis includes the following steps: 1) Selection of animals; 2) Shaving of dorsal skin; 3) Applying DNCB once in 24 hours for three days; 4) Monitoring the development of atopy on day 4 post DNCB application. Further, the efficacy of reference drug can be determined by applying on the atopy skin, depends on the nature and aim of the work.Video Clip of Methodology: 8 min <a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/XbFt1bOnulc">Full Screen</a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XbFt1bOnulc">If Failed</a>

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Mocho, Jean-Philippe. "Watch out for three FELASA Working Group recommendations." Laboratory Animals 53, no. 5 (September 27, 2019): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677219872667.

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Roberson, Don. "Where to Watch Birds in Australasia Oceania." Auk 117, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 1088–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/117.4.1088.

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Haditsch, Martin, and Silke R. Klee. "Xenophilus feline species goes human.–Watch out for neglected zoonotic pathogens when treating animal bites." Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 13, no. 6 (November 2015): 503–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2015.11.004.

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Ronald, Kelly L., Tasha Skillman, Andy Lin, Qingling Li, Esteban Fernandez-Juricic, and Jeffrey R. Lucas. "Watch Your Tone: Social Conditions Modulate Singing Strategies." Ethology 121, no. 11 (October 9, 2015): 1104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eth.12425.

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30

Reaney, James. "James Reaney Looks Towards a National Repertory." Theatre Research in Canada 6, no. 2 (January 1985): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/tric.6.2.218.

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Original plays have very much proved their worth in this country, revivifying, identifying, so much so that it has been doubly unpleasant to watch the muting of our theatre movement in the last four years, and to watch, as well, the general feeling arise that something has not quite peaked as it should have. Theatrically in this country, we're not as far ahead as we should be. And, in film, opera, puppet theatre - we're in, varying ways, behind where we could be. What a surge forward Australia has made recently with its film renaissance - Breaker Morant, Picnic at Hanging Rock, The Chant of Jimmy Blacksmith. Even New Zealand has caught up with Smash Palace, while we must bear with such titles as Meatballs, The Wars, Animal House, and Porky I, Porky II. Perhaps it would be a good idea to curse our miserable aesthetic fate and turn our face to the wall?

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31

Nichols, Ken. "Case Study #12: The Unicorn in the Garden by James Thurber." Public Voices 15, no. 1 (July 19, 2017): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/pv.516.

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Have you ever told someone about something you had seen, but they wouldn’t believe you? That’s the situation in James Thurber’s “The Unicorn in the Garden.” The situation itself is domestic rather than organizational or administrative, but it provides a wonderful gateway into the world of the UNREAL ADMINISTRATOR: How would the police react if called in? What are the appropriate roles for social services agencies? For officials responsible for animal control? Or even for “neighborhood watch” organizations?

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32

Baillie, Stephen R., Dawn E. Balmer, Iain S. Downie, and Karen H. M. Wright. "Migration Watch: an Internet survey to monitor spring migration in Britain and Ireland." Journal of Ornithology 147, no. 2 (March 3, 2006): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-006-0062-8.

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33

Oakley, Jan. "“I Didn’t Feel Right About Animal Dissection”: Dissection Objectors Share Their Science Class Experiences." Society & Animals 21, no. 4 (2013): 360–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341267.

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Abstract This paper highlights the voices and experiences of individuals who objected to animal dissection in their high school science and biology classes. The data were collected via online surveys (n = 311), and 8 of these participants took part in more in-depth telephone interviews. Participants were former students from Ontario, Canada, who discussed their experiences with animal dissection in general, and objection to dissection in particular, if applicable. The findings reveal that students who expressed objection to dissection experienced a range of teacher responses, including pressure to participate, the request to join another group of students and watch, the choice to use a dissection alternative, warnings of compromised grades, and other responses. The study points to the importance of choice policies to ensure that dissection alternatives are available in classrooms. In this way, students can select among different options of how they would like to learn, and teachers can be prepared to accommodate those who choose not to dissect.

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Harner, Christie. "Animal and Social Ecologies in Anne Brontë's Agnes Grey." Victorian Literature and Culture 48, no. 3 (2020): 577–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150319000147.

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In Anne Brontë's Agnes Grey (1847), the eponymous narrator uses a range of ecological metaphors to make sense of her interactions with others. She likens governessing to domestic horticulture and envisions how her task of educating children will be “to train the tender plants, and watch their buds unfolding day by day.” Rather than voice her unfulfilled romantic feelings for Weston or consciously work through her self-doubts about physical appearance, she visualizes them both as insects: she is the “humble glow-worm” who, without a “power of giving light” (i.e., beauty), “the roving fly might pass her . . . a thousand times, and never light beside her” (123). Even the reader, in the opening sentence, assumes the role of active participant: a nucivorous beast hunting for whatever “dry, shriveled kernel” of narrative meaning might be found by “cracking the nut” (5). As character, the budding naturalist “botanize[s] and entomologize[s] along the green banks and budding hedges”; as narrator, she projects herself and those around her into complex ecosystems (95). Her choice of metaphors captures a matrix of exchanges in which species of all kinds interact with one another and their environments in unpredictable ways. Agnes assigns the life cycles of flora and fauna to characters, populating the novel with human and nonhuman animals in ways that draw heavily on early nineteenth-century science even as they also prefigure some of the concerns of contemporary animal studies and ecocriticism.

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Bennett, B. Taylor, and Matthew R. Bailey. "Policy Watch: putting the new terms on USDA inspection reports into perspective." Lab Animal 46, no. 4 (April 2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/laban.1227.

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Grzyb, Jacek, and Krzysztof Pawlak. "Impact of bacterial aerosol, particulate matter, and microclimatic parameters on animal welfare in Chorzów (Poland) zoological garden." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 3 (September 11, 2020): 3318–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10680-9.

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AbstractZoos are very popular facilities visited by entire families with children, who come there to watch live animals. Zoos also provide workplaces for a large number of people directly looking after the animals. For places designed to house animals, regardless of whether they are farm animals, pets, or zoo animals, a higher concentration of both dust and potentially harmful bioaerosols can be expected. Unfortunately, there are almost no studies concerning the concentration of bacterial bioaerosols and particulate matter in animal shelters that would answer the question whether the level of these pollutants is constant or variable and dependent on a particular zoo, group of animals, their number in enclosures, or season. This study aimed to assess the levels of bacterial aerosol in rooms intended for animals (giraffes, camels, elephants, kangaroos, and colobinae) in the Silesian Zoological Garden in Chorzów (Poland). The bioaerosol samples were collected using a six-stage Andersen cascade impactor to assess the concentrations and size distribution of airborne bacteria. Particulate matter (PM10) was assessed using an electronic dust meter. Measurements of microclimate parameters were carried out using the Airflow™ Instruments Velocity Meter TA440, while gas concentrations were determined applying GFG Microtector II G450. The results showed that the concentration of airborne bacteria varied significantly between facilities for the analyzed animal groups. The lowest concentration of the total bacterial aerosol was observed in enclosures for colobinae (approx. 850 CFU/m3), while the highest—in rooms for elephants (approx. 105,600 CFU/m3). The average share of respirable fraction of bacteria was quite high, with values ranging from 62.9 (colobinae) to 86.9% (elephants), indicating potential harmfulness to the health of exposed people. PM10 concentrations were relatively low (10–86 μg/m3) and did not exceed the limit values for occupational exposure. Moreover, the levels of bacterial bioaerosol in almost all cases did not exceed the limit values. As the animals constitute a significant source of bioaerosol, attention should be paid to thorough cleaning of animals and their shelters, as well as maintaining appropriate levels of microclimate parameters in the facilities.

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Weigend, S., and M. N. Romanov. "The World Watch List for Domestic Animal Diversity in the context of conservation and utilisation of poultry biodiversity." World's Poultry Science Journal 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 411–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/wps20020031.

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Hirskyj-Douglas, Ilyena, and Vilma Kankaanpää. "Exploring How White-Faced Sakis Control Digital Visual Enrichment Systems." Animals 11, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020557.

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Computer-enabled screen systems containing visual elements have long been employed with captive primates for assessing preference, reactions and for husbandry reasons. These screen systems typically play visual enrichment to primates without them choosing to trigger the system and without their consent. Yet, what videos primates, especially monkeys, would prefer to watch of their own volition and how to design computers and methods that allow choice is an open question. In this study, we designed and tested, over several weeks, an enrichment system that facilitates white-faced saki monkeys to trigger different visual stimuli in their regular zoo habitat while automatically logging and recording their interaction. By analysing this data, we show that the sakis triggered underwater and worm videos over the forest, abstract art, and animal videos, and a control condition of no-stimuli. We also note that the sakis used the device significantly less when playing animal videos compared to other conditions. Yet, plotting the data over time revealed an engagement bell curve suggesting confounding factors of novelty and habituation. As such, it is unknown if the stimuli or device usage curve caused the changes in the sakis interactions over time. Looking at the sakis’ behaviours and working with zoo personnel, we noted that the stimuli conditions resulted in significantly decreasing the sakis’ scratching behaviour. For the research community, this study builds on methods that allow animals to control computers in a zoo environment highlighting problems in quantifying animal interactions with computer devices.

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Bizawu, Kiwonghi, and Magno Federici Gomes. "OIL EXPLOITATION AT VIRUNGA PARK AS A THREAT TO THE ENVIRONMENT AND TO ENDANGERED ANIMAL SPECIES." Veredas do Direito: Direito Ambiental e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 13, no. 27 (December 20, 2016): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v13i27.897.

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This article aims at addressing the impasse created by the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) when it granted to Soco, an English multinational company, the permit to exploit oil and start drilling inside the Virunga National Park in the province of North Kivu, Ituri area, which is protected by UNESCO as a Heritage of Humanity and recognized worldwide as the sanctuary of the mountain gorillas, okapis and several other endangered animals or animal species. The article is inspired in the international mobilization promoted by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) such as the Human Rights Watch (HRW), Global Witness, World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF) and by other national and international human and animal rights movements, as well as by Ituri’s civil society. What is the future of Virunga Park in face of the economic development from oil exploitation to benefit poor riparian populations praised by the Central Government and the sustainable development based on the preservation and conservation of the Park recommended by the non-governmental organizations and the movements listed above? Considering the arguments of the Government in favor of economic development to fight the poverty and misery of the riparian populations, in one hand, and the UN’s opposite positioning through UNESCO, NGOs and the civil society, on the other hand, the dialectic method is going to be used by means of a descriptive research founded on a bibliographic survey.

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Subedi, Tulsi Ram, Robert DeCandido, Hem Sagar Baral, Surya Gurung, Sandesh Gurung, Chong Leong Puan, and Shahrul Anuar Mohd Sah. "Population Structure and Annual Migration Pattern of Steppe Eagles at Thoolakharka Watch Site, Nepal, 2012–2014." Journal of Raptor Research 51, no. 2 (June 2017): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3356/jrr-16-70.1.

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41

Hodges, J. "Conservation of farm animal biodiversity: history and prospects." Animal Genetic Resources Information 32 (April 2002): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900005307.

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SummaryThe conservation and sustainable use of animal genetic resources (AGR) is now recognized as a legitimate activity of public concern in which inter-governmental, governmental, non-governmental and private sectors are involved. Livestock breeds became threatened on a large scale only in the second half of the 20th century. They are now recognized as a significant human heritage resulting from domestication whose loss would deplete the quality of human life. Conservation as a conscious and organized activity is therefore a new item on the public agenda. This paper traces the origin of livestock conservation from the Vision in the 1950s and 1960s through the awakening of the environmental movement with the creation of UNEP in 1972, followed by the development of a Joint Conservation Infrastructure and Programme for animal genetic resources in the 1980s by FAO and UNEP.The paper describes the context, participants, constraints, opposition and activities of building the AGR Conservation Infrastructure and Programme. Although the concept of conservation was opposed by some and there were both financial and political difficulties, an effective institutional infrastructure for conservation was built by FAO by 1990 using UNEP funds. In 1992, the advent of the Convention on BioDiversity offered substantial funding for project activities for the first time through the Global Environmental Facility (GEF). At that point it was desirable to move activities from central planning to the design, funding and operation of local or national conservation projects. “Top-down” institutional control should have been replaced by “Bottom-up” conservation activities. Regrettably this did not happen during the 1990s and, as shown by successive editions of the World Watch List, the number of endangered livestock breeds has continued to increase. Now that the conservation vision is accepted and the institutional infrastructures are in place it is time for a new dynamic by creating and funding specific conservation projects which harness the local human resources of knowledge and enthusiasm.

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Hochadel, Oliver. "Watching Exotic Animals Next Door: “Scientific” Observations at the Zoo (ca. 1870–1910)." Science in Context 24, no. 2 (April 28, 2011): 183–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889711000068.

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ArgumentThe nineteenth century witnessed the advent of the modern zoo. Nearly everyone who came to watch the exotic animals was a “lay person” in the sense that virtually none had formal training in zoology. This paper provides a typology of these observers: the zoo directors, assistants, keepers, animal painters, and the “common” visitor. What did they observe and what were their motivations? Did they pursue a certain agenda? What kind of knowledge, if any, did they produce? Soon the issue of the reliability of these observations emerged. Lay observers insisted on the veracity of their intimate and personal knowledge of animals while academics complained that their claims could not be generalized and were tainted by anthropomorphism. Hence the focus on the observations of these laymen will reveal contemporary assumptions on what may count as “scientific.” This is closely linked to the question of how far the zoo may qualify as a site of scientific investigation in the first place. The constraints on doing research on animals in a public space such as the zoo were numerous. Yet despite these obstacles the zoological garden contributed to the rise of ecological thinking as well as to the formation of ethology as a scientific discipline.

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Mocho, Jean-Philippe. "Watch out for the FELASA recommendations for the health management of ruminants and pigs." Laboratory Animals 54, no. 5 (October 2020): 498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677220954775.

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Ly, Lexis H., and Daniel M. Weary. "Facial expression in humans as a measure of empathy towards farm animals in pain." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): e0247808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247808.

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People often express concern for the welfare of farm animals, but research on this topic has relied upon self-report. Facial expressions provide a quantifiable measure of emotional response that may be less susceptible to social desirability bias and other issues associated with self-report. Viewing other humans in pain elicits facial expressions indicative of empathy. Here we provide the first evidence that this measure can also be used to assess human empathetic responses towards farm animals, showing that facial expressions respond reliably when participants view videos of farm animals undergoing painful procedures. Participants (n = 30) were asked to watch publicly sourced video clips of cows and pigs undergoing common management procedures (e.g. disbudding, castration, tail docking) and control videos (e.g. being lightly restrained, standing). Participants provided their subjective rating of the intensity of 5 negative emotions (pain, sadness, anger, fear, disgust) on an 11-point Likert scale. Videos of the participants (watching the animals) were scored for intensity of unpleasantness of the participants’ facial expression (also on an 11-point Likert scale) by a trained observer who was blind to treatment. Participants showed more intense facial expressions while viewing painful procedures versus control procedures (mean ± SE Likert; 2.4 ± 0.08 versus 0.6 ± 0.17). Participants who reported more intense negative responses also showed stronger facial expressions (slope ± SE = 0.4 ± 0.04). Both the self-reported and facial measures varied with species and procedure witnessed. These results indicate that facial expressions can be used to assess human-animal empathy.

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Uelze, Laura, Angelina Bloch, Maria Borowiak, Mirjam Grobbel, Carlus Deneke, Matthias Fischer, Burkhard Malorny, et al. "What WGS Reveals about Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in Wildlife in Germany." Microorganisms 9, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 1911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091911.

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The aim of this study was to gain an overview of the genetic diversity of Salmonella found in wildlife in Germany. We were particularly interested in exploring whether wildlife acts as a reservoir of certain serovars/subtypes or antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Moreover, we wanted to explore the potential of Salmonella in spreading from wildlife to livestock and humans. To answer these questions, we sequenced 260 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates sampled between 2002 and 2020 from wildlife across Germany, using short-read whole genome sequencing. We found, consistent with previous findings, that some Salmonella sequence types are associated with certain animal species, such as S. Choleraesuis ST145 with wild boar and S. Enteritidis ST183 with hedgehogs. Antibiotic resistance was detected in 14.2% of all isolates, with resistance against important WATCH group antibiotics present in a small number of isolates. We further found that wildlife isolates do not form separate phylogenetic clusters distant to isolates from domestic animals and foodstuff, thus indicating frequent transmission events between these reservoirs. Overall, our study shows that Salmonella in German wildlife are diverse, with a low AMR burden and close links to Salmonella populations of farm and food-production environments.

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Andersen, Frits. "Virunga National Park - Steder og rettigheder for gorillaer og mennesker i Afrika." K&K - Kultur og Klasse 43, no. 119 (September 29, 2015): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kok.v43i119.22243.

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The article outlines some of the historical traces for the eco-crisis that presently threatens the first and most outstanding national park in Africa, homeland of the mountain gorilla. After a short description of the site, the article presents the Congo Reform Movement’s campaign against the bloody suppression in the Congo Free State around 1900, often referred to as the Red Rubber-regime. The Congo Reform Movements “Atrocity Meetings” are considered to be the first human rights campaign, because they established the rhetorical models that we find today in Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and Global Witness. The article argues that we can detect similar and highly problematic structures in the animal rights campaigns which took on a global scale in the 1970s – initiated among others by Dian Fossey and her famous and infamous fight for the protection of mountain gorillas in the Virunga mountains. Both human rights campaigns and animal rights campaigns share a responsibility, I argue, for the eco-crisis at Virunga. Finally I present the documentary Virunga from 2014 as a model and as a rhetorical alternative.

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Busia, Laura, Colleen M. Schaffner, and Filippo Aureli. "Watch out or relax: conspecifics affect vigilance in wild spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)." Behaviour 153, no. 1 (2016): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003329.

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In most animal species, predation risk is considered the main factor affecting vigilance, and an individual is expected to spend less time vigilant in larger than in smaller groups. However, vigilance patterns in primates appear to differ, with no consistency in group-size effects. As individuals in highly gregarious species such as diurnal primates face frequent threats from group members, there may be increased vigilance in larger groups to monitor conspecifics rather than or in addition to predators. We tested this hypothesis in wild spider monkeys, which live in communities but fission and fuse in subgroups of variable size and membership throughout the same day. We found no overall effect of subgroup size, as traditionally measured, on vigilance. However, a possible explanation is that vigilance may be effectively shared only with individuals in close proximity, rather than with all subgroup members. We found that a larger number of neighbours (i.e., subgroup members within 5 m) was associated with a lower proportion of time individuals spent vigilant, which is similar to findings in other studies. Another social factor that may affect individuals’ vigilance is the possibility of between-community encounters. Higher levels of vigilance can be expected in areas closer to the boundary of the home range, where between-community encounters are more likely to occur compared with non-boundary areas. We found that location in terms of boundary vs. non-boundary areas had a significant effect on the time individuals spent vigilant in the expected direction. We also found that location modulated the effect of subgroup size on vigilance: only in the boundary areas did larger subgroup sizes result in less individual vigilance time. We concluded that conspecifics affect vigilance of wild spider monkeys in multiple ways.

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Jawad, Muhammad, Haroon Khan, Samreen Pervez, Saud S. Bawazeer, Tareq Abu-Izneid, Muhammad Saeed, and Mohammad A. Kamal. "Pharmacological validation of the anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative like activities of Capsicum annuum in animal model." Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 12, no. 4 (December 5, 2017): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v12i4.33182.

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The current study deals with anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative like activities of Capsicum annuum in animal models. The crude extract was found safe in acute behavior and toxicity studies. However, the n-hexane fraction caused severe acute toxicity. Pretreatment of crude extract and n-hexane fraction elicited marked dose-dependent antianxiety-like effects in elevated plus-maze and dark and light models. The results showed significant (p< 0.05) antianxiety-like effects of crude extract while highly significant (p< 0.001) for n-hexane fraction. Similarly, an effect on muscle coordination was tested in traction model, where both crude extract and n-hexane fraction evoked marked dose-dependent activity. The effect of thiopental-induced sleep test of crude extract and n-hexane fraction was highly significant (p< 0.001). All together, the results revealed potent anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative like activities of C. annuum in animal models and the pharmaco-logically active constituents are mostly non-polar in nature.Video Clip of Methodology:4 min 31 sec: <a href="https://youtube.com/v/85ituFAi6sw">Full Screen</a> <a href="https://youtube.com/watch?v=85ituFAi6sw">Alternate</a>

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McDonald and Clements. "Engaging with Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Communities and Their Cats: Human Behaviour Change for Animal and Human Benefit." Animals 9, no. 4 (April 17, 2019): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9040175.

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The overpopulation of free-roaming domestic cats (Felis catus) is fuelled by uncontrolled breeding of both owned and unowned populations and has been identified as a particular problem in socio-economically deprived areas. Consequently, for sustainable change, it is recommended that Trap-Neuter-Return activities are linked with community engagement to encourage positive behaviours towards cats. This paper assesses the acceptability and impact of a community-partnership program called “Bulwell Cat Watch” (BCW), set-up to control cat numbers in Bulwell, UK. The data are based on a (1) cross-sectional survey (n = 478); (2) pre-post analysis (n = 21); and (3) targeted survey of people known to engage with BCW (n = 34). We found significant associations between awareness of BCW and an increased likelihood of reporting unowned cats now compared to previous years. Respondents reported increased self-efficacy and confidence to help cats. Our pre-post study corroborated these findings with residents significantly more likely to report unowned cats compared to when surveyed pre-BCW. An indirect benefit to residents engaged with the program was the positive impact on confidence and self-esteem. Taken in combination these results show community partnerships can effectively engage often hard-to-reach populations and foster sustainable management by overcoming barriers to helping cats, alongside the potential for wider community benefits.

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Thompson, Amy B., and James F. Hare. "Neighbourhood watch: multiple alarm callers communicate directional predator movement in Richardson’s ground squirrels, Spermophilus richardsonii." Animal Behaviour 80, no. 2 (August 2010): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.04.028.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Animal Watch'

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