Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Animalité (philosophie) Homme'
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Zaietta, Lucia. "Une parenté étrange : repenser l'animalité avec la philosophie de Merleau-Ponty." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H227.
Full textThis study examines the notion of animality in relation to the phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty. It is composed of three parts, which take up three main issues: subject – world – intersubjectivity. The first part explores the possibility of defining animals as subjects. Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology, in fact, has deeply reformulated the notion of subjectivity and led to a definition of animal being as an embodied existence, open to the world and characterised by meaningful conduct. Even so, it will be necessary to question the nature of such subjectivity. The second part of the thesis concerns spatiality, and in particular, the notion of milieu. Lastly, the last chapter elaborates on the difference between milieu and world. The third and final part deepens the intersubjectivity established in the relationship between animal and human being, in their specificity and difference. Far from proposing a kind of egalitarianism between the two, the challenge is to establish a notion of difference which, on the one hand, does not negate the uniqueness of human essence and, on the other, does not separate the human being from the continuity of the natural world. We will see that, in Merleau-Ponty’s approach, the animal being is recognised in accordance to its specific being in the world, while the human being is recognised in a new dimension, without losing its kinship and connection with other living beings
Delage, Pierre-Jérôme. "La condition animale : essai juridique sur les justes places de l'Homme et de l'animal." Limoges, 2013. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/0cc9467a-18a5-4d01-ba72-a0164429f6c2/blobholder:0/2013LIMO1006.pdf.
Full textWestern tradition has built an intangible barrier between humans and animals : humas have been described as superior beings, and animal as inferior. Civil law has relieved this dualism : humans are legal persons, subjects of dignity ; animals are legal things, with no intrinsic value. But some philosophers and lawyers criticize this dichotomy and want animals to be "humanised", to be given human rights and legal personhood (and their foundation : dignity). This argument has to be rejected, since it risks the dehumanization of humans : humans are vulnerable, and the humanization of animals (i. E. The abolition ot the frontier between humans and animals) could lead to the animalization of humans. It is therefore necessary to maintain humans as the only subjects of dignity and of the status of natural persons. However, animals (at least, sentient animals) are also vulnerable beings : they can be (and are often) treated as lifeless bodies, mere things, pure things. This vulnerability , shared with humans, means that animals possess an intrinsic value (proposed to be called "esséité" - the value of sentient being) : a value that does not allow the removal of animals from the category of legal things, but which gives all sentient animals an absolute legal protection, in order to protect them from the possible reduction to the condition of pure thing
Devienne, Philippe. "Une approche analytique de la philosophie des droits de l’animal." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040202.
Full textAnimals play an essential social, economic, affective role in human societies. Nevertheless, do animals have rights in a society which breeds them in industrial conditions, experiments on them, eats them without qualms, and allows bullfights? The author’s purpose is to show that, from the theses of Wittgenstein, Austin, Cavell and Putnam, when the protagonists of animal rights and their opponents use science, technical subjects or metaphysics, they don’t only speak for the animal, but in fact they speak for “me”. The considerations of the history of the philosophy of animal rights reveal that the process of human philosophical thought about animals, with there human representations and conceptual frames about animals, go astray since these processes retain only one aspect of the animal, which causes us to loose the bond we have with them. On the contrary, the Philosophy of Ordinary Language describes the intimacy of our words in our relation with the animal, revealing not only a relation of knowledge, but our commitment to them in our human society within our “size”. Pursuing the question of whether we agree or disagree on which ordinary words to use, two political approaches are held: firstly, an agreement on language showing at which point our thinking can clear up into a pragmatist stance towards the animal, and secondly, the agreement in language, in which I (each one of us) am the bond between the animal and my society. These two approaches bring us to the ethics of the otherness with animals
Seyedin, Marjan. "L'animal et l'animalité dans l'art actuel : recherches sur les fondements et les aspects d'une idée." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAC001/document.
Full textBy taking into account the omnipresence of the animal in present art as a point of departure, our research seeks to conceive how the question of otherness, often explicitly articulated in the discourse of those contemporary artists who use the animal theme, has been put forward through it. In effect, since the romanticism and its successors have posed a real crisis to the modernity, the man, overwhelmed by melancholy and nostalgia of the past harmony and its lost unity, seeks to bridge the gap that separates her from the “Absolute.” It is in this endeavour of reconciliation that the animal as otherness holds an important position. Since the eighteenth century, the attention of the European man has turned to these forms of “others,” as the “wild,” the children and the animals. Then a new kind of relation has been developed between the Man and the Animal. Here we study this change of relation, inaugurated by Goya, and its descent into hell that queries the truth about Man. Afterwards we seek to understand how the attraction of “exoticism” among the romantics has been manifested, while gradually replaced by the question of “ethics,” that finally lead to a certain form of “animalism.”
Guichet, Jean-Luc. "Rousseau et la réflexion philosophique sur l'animal au dix-huitième siècle (l'animalité dans l'horizon anthropologique de son œuvre)." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040222.
Full textGontier, Thierry. "De l'homme à l'animal : les discours traditionnels et les paradoxes des modernes sur la nature des animaux /." [Paris?] : T. Gontier, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35835158v.
Full textMessaoudi, Baya. "Bêtes et bêtise : l'animalité dans l'oeuvre de Sartre." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080030/document.
Full textStudying the animal in Sartre's work is meeting the author where we were not expecting. It was also discovered his philosophy out of itself, that is to say, in subjects long considered a minority, such as those relating to the animal. Indeed, Sartre does not arise in clear terms the problem of the animal, either in philosophy or literature. This question rather accompanies the fundamental discourse that the philosopher is about rights and freedom. Endeavoring to define man in his relationship to the other, Sartre continues to touch, directly or indirectly, in the place that occupies the pet to his master. The animal then it is a symbolic strength, so a question that is asked only obliquely, or can it be seen as a serious philosophical theme? We can actually put the animal to the test of Sartre's thought. To put it more clearly, this research is to demonstrate that the animal is to be intricately linked to man and raises existential questions
Dittmar, Pierre-Olivier. "Naissance de la bestialité : une anthropologie du rapport homme-animal dans les années 1300." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0117.
Full textThe medieval Christian approach to the animal was paradoxical. For the first time, the animal was largely excluded from official ritual: animal sacrifice was a thing of the pagan past, and Jewish dietary restrictions limited the consumption of certain creatures. But the animal figured prominently in medieval art and literature, and by the advent of the XIV th century, the animal's symbolic exploitation, along with its use as a source of food and material, followed the model of man's domination over the natural world, established by the Biblical precedence of Adam naming the animals. During the 1300s the conception of the animal underwent a profound change. Since Augustine, the animal world was structured by an opposition between 'pecus' and 'bestia', between grazing herbivores in the service of mankind and wild carnivores. While the former were considered edible, the consumption of the latter was informally forbidden. But with the emergence of literature in the vernacular and the rediscovery of Aristotle, this division gave way to a new conception of the animal that grouped together ail animate creatures -with the notable exception of man. Thus was born the modern sense of the term 'animal'. The invention of the animal profoundly changed how the individual was conceived, giving birth to the concept of 'bestialité', which gradually came to include any human behaviour deemed irrational. Images (i. E. The representations of hybrids, half-men, half-beasts) played a crucial role in the conceptual development of man's beastliness : they did not merely illustrate, but anticipate the work of theoreticians in shaping the concept of man's animality
Lepin, Franck. "L'animalité dans l'art contemporain." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20031.
Full textAt a time in which issues of animality have been the subject of many changes, this thesis provides a first study of his place and his part in contemporary art fro 1960 until the end of the nineties. From an unpublished historical and theoretical research, it analyses the work of about thirty artists among Joseph Beuys, Jannis Kounellis, Rebecca Horn and Rosemarie Trockel. Several topics are examined according to a thematic plan. It shows first how some artists have used animality to question human nature, his foundations and his boundaries. Then it explores the use of animality in works discussing art and creation. Several aspects of human identity are expanded afterwards, through the question of otherness, and next through gender identity and social identity. Finally, these survey comments on works offering a new experience of living and on others in which it is about our link to nature
Chanvallon, Stéphanie. "Anthropologie des relations de l’Homme à la Nature : la Nature vécue entre peur destructrice et communion intime." Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458244/fr/.
Full textHow to understand Man’s relationship with Nature ? This study, achieved with sensitive surveys, is a qualitative and reflexive anthropology. It uses anthrozoology, palaeoanthropology and ethology, symbolism and imagination. If Man is afraid of Nature, how does he manifest it? Nature without mystique, dominated, controled, “boxed”, polluted, destroyed, re-created in artificial situations, Nature makes us examine Man, his complex fears, paradoxes. And Man’s exploration of Nature in daily life or in extreme circumstances, what is he looking for? Nature is an essential need, for well-being, a means of exploring one’s own senses, a source of renewal, a method of escaping society’s pressures. Man’s inner problems are reflected in Nature. It affords him a resting view of himself. It mirrors the animal side of Man. These relationships are ambivalent: between destructive fear and sympathetic interaction, they have as many aspects, facets and reactions as each individual has. Relationships with wildlife, how are they experienced and why? They offer the possibility of (re)discovering oneself whilst discovering the Other, they offer a richness of understanding faced with the natural unknown which wants to be in contact. Nature offers multifaceted enrichment: for the body, senses, emotions, feelings, self-knowledge, mind and spirituality. Thus, Man may experience an inner transformation
Le, Goff Anne. "L'être humain comme animal rationnel : l'idée de seconde nature de John McDowell." Amiens, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AMIE0010.
Full textHow can the human being be conceveid as a rational animal ? The contemporary philosopher John McDowel seeks to revive this Aristotelian idea in order to offer a non-reductive naturalism. The human being needs to be thought of as natural being, yet it does not imply to renounce a strong conception of reason as autonomous (in a Kantian way). The only thing we need is to enlarge our concept of naturebeyond the realm of natural science : nature can also be "second nature", that is both genuinely rational and natural. It first explain McDowell's idea of second nature. Second nature means that rational capacities acquired through human education are natural. This idea is the basic for a non-reductive naturalism that also is a rationalism. Then, I offer a criticism of McDowell's conception. The chief difficulty is that he maintains two heterogeneous concepts of nature : the rational second nature is notintelligible in the same way than nature in general, defined by McDowell as the realm of natural science. I suggest that a consistent non-reductive naturalism needs to overcome this duality of natures, so that reason's development can be conceveid as taking place within nature. It is the only way that a dualismbetween reason and nature can be avoided, as McDowell wishes. Contemporary trends in ethology as well as philosophers like Cora Diamond show possible ways to develop this idea
Bouchard, Sébastien. "Humanimalité et indignation : Apports de la fiction romanesque à la question philosophique du rôle de l’animalité dans le devenir humain de l’homme après Darwin." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUEL041.
Full textSince Darwin’s theory of evolution, science no longer represents man as being above the animal reign, it includes him in it : man is an animal, of the class of mammals, of order of primates, of the family of hominids, of the genus homo and of the species sapiens. In order to name this new fraternity between man and animal, we propose the neologism humanimality, which postulates, by its written form, an indefectible link between humanity and animality. From Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1886) to Pierre Boulle’s Planet of the Apas (1963), through Romain Gary’s The Roots of Heaven (1956) – where the word “ecology” appears for the first time in a novel-, several novelists have explored this new fraternity. In the series of fifteen novels put together here, which form the studied corpus, a “voice”, belonging to the narrator of the protagonist, invites the reader to become indignant over the fact that hominization has never led to z humanization. If the animal ancestor of man has indeed become homo faber, erectus, then sapiens, it is nevertheless doubtful to believe that he has succeeses in becoming homo humanus (the authentically human man). In fact, when considering the barbarity of the 20th century, homo humanus may turn out to have been a mere “fiction”, a story which humanity told about itself and by which it has been cruelly fooled. The only token of hope is human being’s ability to become indignant against what offends this fiction of a species called upon to always become more human
Bouchard, Sébastien, and Sébastien Bouchard. "Humanimalité et indignation : apports de la fiction romanesque à la question philosophique du rôle de l'animalité dans le devenir humain de l'homme après Darwin." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37801.
Full textThèse en cotutelle, Doctorat en études littéraires, Université Laval Québec, Canada et Université de Rouen Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
Depuis la théorie de l’évolution de Darwin, la science ne représente plus l’homme au-dessus du règne animal, elle l’y inscrit : c’est un animal, de la classe des mammifères, de l’ordre des primates, de la famille des hominidés, du genre homo et de l’espèce sapiens. Pour nommer cette nouvelle fraternité entre l’homme et l’animal, nous proposons le néologisme d’humanimalité, qui postule, par sa graphie même, un lien indéfectible entre humanité et animalité. De L’étrange cas du Dr Jekyll et M. Hyde de Robert Louis Stevenson (1886) à La planète des singes de Pierre Boulle (1963), en passant par Les racines du ciel de Romain Gary (1956) — où le mot « écologie » apparaît pour la première fois dans un roman —, les romanciers explorent cette nouvelle fraternité en mettant en scène des êtres, des créatures et des situations qui n’existent pas dans la réalité. Ce faisant, ils déploient des perspectives de réflexion que la réalité ne met pas toujours à notre portée. Dans la série des quinze romans réunis ici, qui composent le corpus à l’étude, une « voix », celle du narrateur ou du protagoniste, invite le lecteur à s’indigner du fait que l’hominisation ne se soit jamais complétée par une humanisation. Si l’ancêtre animal de l’homme est effectivement devenu homo faber, erectus, puis sapiens, il est toutefois douteux de croire qu’il soit parvenu jusqu’à l’homo humanus (l’homme authentiquement humain). Les raisons de cet écueil s’articulent toutes autour du thème de l’« animalité », qui renvoie tantôt à la part animale en l’homme, tantôt aux rapports que l’homme entretient avec les animaux. Aborder, ainsi que nous le faisons, les romans retenus dans l’ordre chronologique de leur publication permet d’esquisser une petite histoire de l’évolution du thème de l’animalité dans la littérature européenne, de découvrir que, passé le choc de la « hantise des origines » suscitée par la théorie de Darwin, les romanciers nous encouragent à nous réconcilier avec notre propre animalité et à reconnaître la dignité des animaux. En un siècle où l’homme est responsable de deux guerres mondiales, la barbarie ne peut plus être pensée comme la marque d’une « bête » en l’homme, mais plutôt comme l’un de ses propres : l’homme, un animal inhumain. Des romanciers suggèrent même que l’homo humanus ne serait pas l’une des prochaines étapes de l’évolution de sapiens, mais une simple « fiction », une histoire que l’humanité se raconte sur elle-même et qui n’aura jamais d’incarnation réelle en ce monde. Seul gage d’espoir, cette faculté que nous avons de nous indigner contre ce qui outrage cette fiction d’une espèce appelée à devenir plus humaine. Romans analysés : L’étrange cas du Dr Jekyll et M. Hyde de Robert Louis Stevenson (1886), La Machine à explorer le temps et L’île du docteur Moreau de Herbert George Wells (1895 et 1896), L’étalon de David Herbert Lawrence (1925), Le loup des steppes de Hermann Hesse (1927), Morwyn de John Cowper Powys (1937), Kaputt de Malaparte (1944), 1984 d’Orwell (1949), Molloy de Samuel Beckett (1951), La peau et les os (1949) et Le wagon à vaches de Georges Hyvernaud (1953), Sa Majesté des Mouches de William Golding (1954), Les racines du ciel de Romain Gary (1956), Sylva de Vercors (1961) et La planète des singes de Pierre Boulle (1963).
Depuis la théorie de l’évolution de Darwin, la science ne représente plus l’homme au-dessus du règne animal, elle l’y inscrit : c’est un animal, de la classe des mammifères, de l’ordre des primates, de la famille des hominidés, du genre homo et de l’espèce sapiens. Pour nommer cette nouvelle fraternité entre l’homme et l’animal, nous proposons le néologisme d’humanimalité, qui postule, par sa graphie même, un lien indéfectible entre humanité et animalité. De L’étrange cas du Dr Jekyll et M. Hyde de Robert Louis Stevenson (1886) à La planète des singes de Pierre Boulle (1963), en passant par Les racines du ciel de Romain Gary (1956) — où le mot « écologie » apparaît pour la première fois dans un roman —, les romanciers explorent cette nouvelle fraternité en mettant en scène des êtres, des créatures et des situations qui n’existent pas dans la réalité. Ce faisant, ils déploient des perspectives de réflexion que la réalité ne met pas toujours à notre portée. Dans la série des quinze romans réunis ici, qui composent le corpus à l’étude, une « voix », celle du narrateur ou du protagoniste, invite le lecteur à s’indigner du fait que l’hominisation ne se soit jamais complétée par une humanisation. Si l’ancêtre animal de l’homme est effectivement devenu homo faber, erectus, puis sapiens, il est toutefois douteux de croire qu’il soit parvenu jusqu’à l’homo humanus (l’homme authentiquement humain). Les raisons de cet écueil s’articulent toutes autour du thème de l’« animalité », qui renvoie tantôt à la part animale en l’homme, tantôt aux rapports que l’homme entretient avec les animaux. Aborder, ainsi que nous le faisons, les romans retenus dans l’ordre chronologique de leur publication permet d’esquisser une petite histoire de l’évolution du thème de l’animalité dans la littérature européenne, de découvrir que, passé le choc de la « hantise des origines » suscitée par la théorie de Darwin, les romanciers nous encouragent à nous réconcilier avec notre propre animalité et à reconnaître la dignité des animaux. En un siècle où l’homme est responsable de deux guerres mondiales, la barbarie ne peut plus être pensée comme la marque d’une « bête » en l’homme, mais plutôt comme l’un de ses propres : l’homme, un animal inhumain. Des romanciers suggèrent même que l’homo humanus ne serait pas l’une des prochaines étapes de l’évolution de sapiens, mais une simple « fiction », une histoire que l’humanité se raconte sur elle-même et qui n’aura jamais d’incarnation réelle en ce monde. Seul gage d’espoir, cette faculté que nous avons de nous indigner contre ce qui outrage cette fiction d’une espèce appelée à devenir plus humaine. Romans analysés : L’étrange cas du Dr Jekyll et M. Hyde de Robert Louis Stevenson (1886), La Machine à explorer le temps et L’île du docteur Moreau de Herbert George Wells (1895 et 1896), L’étalon de David Herbert Lawrence (1925), Le loup des steppes de Hermann Hesse (1927), Morwyn de John Cowper Powys (1937), Kaputt de Malaparte (1944), 1984 d’Orwell (1949), Molloy de Samuel Beckett (1951), La peau et les os (1949) et Le wagon à vaches de Georges Hyvernaud (1953), Sa Majesté des Mouches de William Golding (1954), Les racines du ciel de Romain Gary (1956), Sylva de Vercors (1961) et La planète des singes de Pierre Boulle (1963).
Vincent, Manon. "Les animaux dans la littérature hellénistique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040225.
Full textOur study focuses on animals in Hellenistic literature. We deliberately chose to work on a large text corpus in order to highlight the multiple representations of the animal appearing in the texts of the period. The first part of this study is devoted to animal imagery through which the authors describe the characters and human qualities, exposing, to a lesser extent, the analogue relationship between animals. The second part aims to show existing relationships, symbolic or real, between man and animal. The staging of the animals in the story reflects thepractices and ways of thinking of the Hellenistic society towards the animal. The last part of this study presents the attempts to objectify the behaviours and qualities of the animal. In that sense, it shows the rise of philosophical schools and sciences of the period by the philosophical and didactic approach to animal nature. In texts, Hellenistic thought reveals the continual tension between belief and knowledge, between cultural representations and "scientific data" of the animal. If the authors conceive man as belonging to the animal biological continuum, they stand out by the assertion of their superiority in an intellective perspective
Veinstein, Léa. "Penser la métamorphose : quatre lectures de Kafka dans la philosophie allemande : (Walter Benjamin, Theodor W. Adorno, Hannah Arendt, Günther Anders)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAC035.
Full textWe are focusing on studying four readings of Kafka in german philosophy. Why have these philosophers met and interpreted Kafka ? Our first hypothesis is a biographical one : their reading of Kafka’s books are influenced by the feeling of a proximity between his life and their experiences. Kafka represents a crisis : in his work, the language is not innate anymore, experiencing exile is prevailing, the historical mutations affect the concept of subjectivity. The second hypothesis concerns the philosophy itself : because of these mutations, the traditional metaphysical categories of sense or consiousness are obsolete ideas. The subject is becoming a stranger. Kafka is challenging philosophers to « think out the metamorphosis », the subject’s metamorphosis, the philosophy’s metamorphosis, and finally, the one Kafka invented, which is everpresent in his works, the notion of a « becoming-animal »
Martin, Emmanuel. "La proie, l’animal personne ou l’ennemi des hommes : nommer, classer, penser et se nourrir d’animaux sur le haut-Maroni des Wayana (Guyane française)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100169/document.
Full textThis thesis is an ethnographic exploration of the general properties and fundamental truths that Indians Wayanas of French Guiana (Amazon), karib, recognize to animals, among other non-human beings, and a study of different forms of relationships between humans and non-humans, in particular the relationship of predation, when the ones kill and eat the others. First of all, this work presents the various non-human inhabitants of the Wayana world, of which the animal is one of the forms. Then, from theoretical tools and a lexical study, the thesis examines the nomenclature and classification of non-human entities from Wayana perspective. With the impasse revealed by this approach, the thesis presents the ontological properties of non-human entities to recognize an animistic conception of non-humans. This model, anthropocentric, without perspectivism, appears to focus on a real equivalence on relationships inside each boxes of beings. By studying the different positions of consanguinity and affinity in their interactions with non-humans, this work shows that in the relationship of predation with the animal, the other is primarily a potential affine. Is tied with him, an enemy to enemy relationship, working by subtraction without arbitration institution. By studying the techniques of predation, the thesis demonstrates that Wayanas implement means of predation the most effective. If Wayana are seeking for optimum performance, it is not so much to maximize the gains, but is to minimize the risks in a relationship of predation with an enemy
Lacoste, Frédéric. "L'oiseau dans la poésie de Saint-John Perse, Kenneth White et Philippe Jaccottet : une pensée analogique au service du mystère." Bordeaux 3, 2006. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2006BOR30021.
Full textThe question of the bird in contemporary poetry seems to be obvious. It's really impossible to open a collection of poems without seeing lots of explicit references to the bird : his fly, his singing, and his discreet but permanent presence. How to explain this recurrence in contemporary production ? And what's the foundation of the bird's particularity in the animal kingdom ? After justifying the connection of the three poets of our corpus, we based our work on analogical and transdiciplinary viewpoints. Reviving the medieval mysticism, poetry looks for the limits of human nature in the world-macrocosm. The bird, that seems the last limit for the human psychism, allows us to redefine animality in accordance with a principle of "consanguinity" (Saint-John Perse). Against the modern proclivity to dispersion and catalogue, this analogical thought circulating in the poems of our authors, wants to reconstruct the weft, to "sew up the universe". The metaphysical dimension, that is not often clearly claimed by our poets, is always underlying. Beyond a description of the real world, that is leaning on the precision of the science, another dimension, verging on rilkean "Ouvert", impregnates their works. The bird, through the patterns of the flight and the singing, draws the lines of poetics linked by aesthetic modernity
Doucet-Dufresne, Karine. "Des chevaux et des hommes : le développement d'une éthique animale dans la littérature du XIXe siècle à travers l'étude de la représentation du cheval dans l'oeuvre de trois auteurs : Anna Sewell, Léon Tolstoï et Émile Zola." Thèse, 2017. http://constellation.uqac.ca/4233/1/DoucetDufresne_uqac_0862N_10324.pdf.
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