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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Animals ascarriers of disease'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Nsubuga, Rebecca Namugabwe. "Statistical inference for infectious disease data of animals." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30591.

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This thesis primarily explores parameter methods as applied to data generated from an experimental infection with foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus in sheep. Data were generated from two experiments involving four groups of sheep, housed under restricted mixing, where sheep in the initial group were inoculated with type O FMD virus. The aim of the analysis is to investigate the presence of any trend in the infection rate with increased generation. The infection process of FMD virus in sheep can be modelled using chain binomial models and generalized linear models. However, application of these methods requires that the epidemic chain of infection pathways be known. The set of true pathways is an unobservable quantity and, in general, infectious disease data will be incomplete because the infection process is only partially observed. One proposed strategy is subjectively to assign an epidemic chain to the data and to analyse it on this basis. This approach is evaluated. An alternative to modelling the FMD infection process for individual sheep is to consider the transmission among groups of sheep, thus avoiding the need to make inference about individual infection pathways. Martingale methods and maximum likelihood estimation methods are used to estimate the typical infection rate β applying to groups of sheen where the aim is to investigate whether the infection rate changes across groups. The expected total infection exposure for each group is estimated. This entails knowledge of the time of infection, the latent period and the infectious period for each infected sheep. Parameters for the latent period and infectious period distributions are estimated from the data. A joint distribution of time to infection and latent period is formulated from which expected values for time to infection and the latent period for each infected sheep are estimated.

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2

Millar, Douglas Spencer. "Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, mycobacteria and chronic enteritis in humans and animals." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308932.

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3

Jewell, Chris. "Real-time inference and risk-prediction for notifable disease of animals." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536005.

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4

Hingley, P. J. "Problems in modelling responses of animals to foot and mouth disease vaccine." Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356751.

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5

Persson, Anna, and Jessica Löfgren. "Reactions of persons with Alzheimer’s disease on the presence of animals in nursing." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Health Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-3547.

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The results showed that in the presence of animals both verbal and non verbal communication, problem behaviours and different physical parameters were improved for persons with Alzheimer’s disease. The authors think that animals can provide for some needs which easily remain unmet in the daily life; e.g. to care for and take care of another living being. Possibilities are seen for an introduction of animals into nursing as they can have a positive influence on persons with Alzheimer’s disease. The number of persons with Alzheimer’s disease may increase in the future. Today, there is no known medical cure for the disease. The environment has proved to be of importance in their care. Animals can contribute to a good environment. The purpose was to describe reactions of persons with Alzheimer’s disease in the presence of animals in nursing. A general literature study was made from ten articles found at different databases on the web. Additions were made through manual searching in the articles´ list of references. The results of the articles were processed through a division into codes, subcategories and main categories.

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6

Williams, Alison Clare. "Construction of infectious disease resistant animals by manipulation of the acute phase response." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30333.

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7

Crockford, Melanie. "Partial characterisation of pilchard herpesvirus and the associated disease in pilchards." Crockford, Melanie (2007) Partial characterisation of pilchard herpesvirus and the associated disease in pilchards. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/445/.

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In 1995 and again in 1998, millions of pilchards (Sardinops sagax neopilchardus) were found dead or dying off the coast of Australia and also in New Zealand. The epizootics moved progressively, at a rapid speed against the prevailing currents. A previously unrecognised herpesvirus, Pilchard herpesvirus (PHV), was identified as the causative agent. Until recently, rapid and sensitive methods to detect PHV were not available and based on a previously identified and conserved 373 bp region of the genome, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in situ hybridisation and real-time PCR methods were developed for the specific detection of PHV in formaldehyde-fixed and frozen tissues of pilchards. Real-time PCR was shown to have greater sensitivity than a conventional PCR and in situ hybridisation for the detection of PHV infection. The PCR assay and sequence analysis of the amplification products was used to compare the 373 bp region of the genome from strains obtained during the 1995 and 1998 epidemics. Significant differences between the strains were not detected.Additional sequence data was obtained adjacent to the 373 bp of known PHV sequence, which did not match any sequence in any of the genetic databases, and this will be invaluable for further study of the pilchard herpesvirus and the development of improved detection methods. The molecular-based methods of virus detection developed were applied to a re- examination of virus in paraffin-embedded tissues taken from fish during an attempt to transmit the virus to wild caught pilchards in 1999. The results obtained confirmed previously equivocal results that transmission of PHV to wild caught pilchards was achieved, although this experiment failed to demonstrate thattransmission of the virus resulted in severe lesions typical of those seen in the epizootics. Using formaldehyde-fixed samples from fish collected during the 1998 PHV epizootic, virus was detected in fish collected 4 days prior to the occurrence of the epizootic even though the fish then appeared clinically normal, during the epizootic, and 8 days after mortalities had ceased. An investigation of wild pilchards collected from 4 Australian pilchard sub-populations using real-time PCR demonstrated that PHV was present in the gills of 13.75% of 800 fish sampled, indicating that the virus is now endemic in the Australian pilchard population. Variation in the prevalence of PHV infection in the 4 subpopulations was detected, higher in western and southern populations than in populations from the east coast. The endemic nature of PHV infection in the pilchard population explains why there have been no further epizootics with mass mortalities since 1998.

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8

Knight-Jones, Theo. "Field evaluation of foot-and-mouth disease vaccination in Turkey." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618321.

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9

Loh, Richmond Cern-Wan. "The pathology of devil facial tumour disease in Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20061019.131524.

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10

Arab, Fahad Ahmad H. "Qualitative and quantitative studies on infection of E. Hungarensis (Levine & Ivens, 1965) in the wood mouse Apodemus Sylvaticus and labaratory mouse Mus musculus." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332042.

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11

Musialowski, Michael Stefan. "Development of an identification screen for veterinary antimicrobial agents." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303135.

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12

Farooq, Muhammad. "Use of Drosophila melanogaster to model ovine prion disease." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610654.

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13

Shaffer, Loren Eldon. "Using pre-diagnostic data fom veterinary laboratories to detect disease outbreaks in companion animals." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1176376010.

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14

Shaffer, Loren E. "Using pre-diagnostic data fom veterinary laboratories to detect disease outbreaks in companion animals." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1176376010.

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15

Samra, Nada Abu. "Sero-prevalance and zoonotic implication of toxoplasmosis in sheep in South Africa." Electronic thesis, 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04112008-161617/.

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16

Kim, Teayoun Kaltenboeck Bernhard. "Multivariate analyses of disease outcomes of chlamydial infections in cattle and mice." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2005/SPRING/Pathobiology/Dissertation/KIM_TEA_19.pdf.

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17

Welle, Monika M. "Mast cell heterogeneity in domestic animals and the involvement of mast cell subtypes in disease /." Bern : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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18

Vosloo, W., Klerk LM de, CI Boshoff, B. Botha, and RM Dwarka. "Characterisation of a SAT-1 outbreak of foot-andmouth disease in captive African buffalo (Syncerus caffer): Clinical symptoms, genetic characterisation and phylogenetic comparison of outbreak isolates." Veterinary Microbiology, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000818.

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African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) play an important role in the maintenance of the SAT types of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in southern Africa. These long-term carriers mostly become sub-clinically infected, maintaining the disease and posing a threat to other susceptible wildlife and domestic species. During an unrelated bovine tuberculosis experiment using captive buffalo in the Kruger National Park (KNP), an outbreak of SAT-1 occurred and was further investigated. The clinical signs were recorded and all animals demonstrated significant weight loss and lymphopenia that lasted 100 days. In addition, the mean cell volume and mean cell haemoglobin values were significantly higher than before the outbreak started. Virus was isolated from several buffalo over a period of 167 days post infection and the molecular clock estimated to be 3 × 10−5 nucleotide substitutions per site per day. Seven amino acid changes occurred of which four occurred in hypervariable regions previously described for SAT-1. The genetic relationship of the outbreak virus was compared to buffalo viruses previously obtained from the KNP but the phylogeny was largely unresolved, therefore the relationship of this outbreak strain to others isolated from the KNP remains unclear.

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19

Al-Kushi, Abdullah Glil. "Pathological changes in mesostriatal neurons in a PKC-gamma mutant rat." Connect to e-thesis, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/149/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2007.
Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Division of Neuroscience and Biomedical Systems, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2007. Includes bibliographical references.

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20

Liu, Huifang, and 刘慧芳. "Creation and characterization of a LRRK2 knockin mouse model to elucidate the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46090903.

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21

Carrington, Christopher Antony Paul. "The role of Mycoplasma species in bovine respiratory disease complex in feedlot cattle in South Africa." Electronic thesis, 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10312007-150332/.

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22

Böhm, Marlies. "The comparative assessment of capillary and venous Babesia rossi parasitaemias on thin blood smears and their association with disease manifestation." Electronic thesis, 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05042007-154527/.

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23

Hardy, Jared C., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Behavioral correlates of unilateral dopamine depletion in the MPP+ rat model of Parkinson's Disease." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2007, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/385.

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Conventional cylinder test measures have limited sensitivity in determining hemiparkinson rat forelimb use asymmetry and approximating substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neuron loss. This thesis investigates which cylinder test measures of hemiparkinson rat forelimb use asymmetry best predict methamphetamine-induced rotation and extent of dopaminergic neuron loss. Long-Evans rats were cylinder-tested after unilateral 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced SN dopamine depletion. Time and count of numerous forepaw wall contact patterns were documented for MPP+ hemiparkinson rats and sham-operated controls using frame-by-frame video analysis, then regressed against methamphetamine-induced rotation and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neuron depletion. Severely dopamine-asymmetric rats initiated movements slower and less often with the contralateral-to-lesion forepaw, indicating that the cylinder test may be used to assess Parkinson Disease motor impairments of bradykinesia and akinesia. Several new time and count asymmetry measures may improve cylinder test sensitivity to hemiparkinson-specific forelimb use asymmetries.
xi, 103 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.

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24

Le, Roex Nikki. "Host genetic factors in susceptibility to mycobacterial disease in the African buffalo, Syncerus caffer." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86750.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a chronic, infectious disease found in domestic livestock and wildlife, and has serious biodiversity, economic and public health implications. African buffalo act as a wildlife reservoir of BTB, maintaining and transmitting the disease within the environment. The research presented in this thesis addresses the role of host genetic variation in resistance to BTB infection in African buffalo, and reviews the possible practical application of such information. Annual BTB prevalence within the African buffalo population in Hluhluwe iMfolozi Park, South Africa, was evaluated over a seven year period in order to define the extent of M. bovis infection. Prevalence changes over time suggest that the test and cull operation currently in place is performing successfully with respect to the original aims of the programme. A review of genetic studies of BTB in livestock and wildlife collated previous findings in this field and provided a collection of possible candidate genes and variants. It also highlighted a lack of research in wildlife, and the limitations of working with species with insufficient genetic data. To overcome the absence of whole-genome data, next-generation sequencing was performed on nine African buffalo, in order to identify novel genetic variants in this species. Upwards of 76 000 novel SNPs within gene regions were identified, and subsequent fluorescent genotyping of 173 SNPs showed a 57% validation rate. From the validated set, 69 SNPs located in genes related to the immune system were selected for association testing with BTB status in African buffalo, and were fluorescently genotyped in 868 individuals. Three SNPs, in the Solute Carrier family 7, member A13 (SLC7A13), Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumour-1 (DMBT1) and Interleukin 1 alpha (IL1α) genes, were identified as significantly associated with BTB status. Very little sequence information of the NRAMP1 (SLC11A1) gene was obtained from the next-generation sequencing performed, and this gene has been associated with brucellosis, salmonella and paratuberculosis in other animal species, making it an excellent candidate for BTB resistance. To characterise this gene in African buffalo, Sanger sequencing was performed to generate the complete coding region, and partially sequence the 5’UTR, intronic and 3’UTR regions. Fifteen novel polymorphisms and three microsatellites were identified within the gene. Finally, a review was prepared to assess the applicability of genetic information on BTB resistance to selective breeding programmes for African buffalo. Phenotypic, marker-assisted and genomic breeding strategies were discussed, with particular emphasis on their suitability to African buffalo. Identifying genes and variants involved in BTB resistance in African buffalo provides potential targets for drug or vaccine development, as well as information that could be incorporated into selective breeding programmes. This may support new management options for controlling the BTB epidemic in the game parks of South Africa, as an alternative to, or in conjunction with, lethal control
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Beestuberkulose (BTB) is ‘n chroniese, aansteeklike siekte wat in vee en wild voorkom en wat ernstige gevolge vir die ekonomie, biodiversiteit en openbare gesondheid inhou. Die Kaap-buffel is ‘n wild reservoir vir BTB wat die siekte onderhou en versprei in die omgewing. Die navorsing wat in hierdie tesis aangebied word fokus op die rol van gasheer genetiese variasie in die weerstand teen BTB infeksie in Kaap-buffels en gee ‘n oorsig van die moontlike praktiese toepassing van die resultate. Die jaarlikse BTB voorkomsyfer in die Kaap-buffel bevolking in die Hluhluwe iMfolozi Park in Suid-Afrika is oor ‘n tydperk van sewe jaar geëvalueer om die omvang van M. bovis infeksie te bepaal. Die verandering in voorkomsyfer oor tyd dui daarop dat die toets-en-slag operasie wat tans gebruik word die oorspronklike doelwitte van die program suksesvol bereik. ‘n Oorsig en vergelyking van vorige genetiese studies van BTB in vee en wild het ‘n versameling van moontlike kandidaatgene en –variante verskaf. Dit het ook die gebrek aan navorsing in wildediere uitgewys en die navorsingsbeperkinge wanneer ‘n spesie met onvoldoende genetiese data bestudeer word benadruk. Aangesien daar nie heel genoom data beskikbaar is nie, is volgende-generasie volgordebepaling van 9 Kaap-buffels gedoen om nuwe genetiese variasies in hierdie spesie te identifiseer. Meer as 76 000 nuwe enkel-nukleotied polimorfismes (ENPs) binne geen-areas is geïdentifiseer en die daaropvolgende genotipering van 173 ENPs het ‘n bevestigingskoers van 57% gehad. Vanuit die bevestigde stel ENPs is 69 gekies vir assosiasietoetse met BTB status in die Kaap-buffel en genotipering van 868 individue is gedoen. Drie ENPs, in die Solute Carrier family 7, member A13 (SLC7A13), Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumour-1 (DMBT1) en Interleukin 1 alpha (IL1α) gene, was beduidend geassosieer met BTB status. Baie min volgorde inligting van die NRAMP1 (SLC11A1) geen is verkry uit die volgende-generasie volgordebepaling. Aangesien hierdie geen voorheen met brucellose, salmonella en paratuberkulose in ander dierespesies geassosieer is, is dit ‘n uitstekende kandidaat vir BTB weerstand. Hierdie geen is in Kaap-buffels gekarakteriseer deur Sanger volgordebepaling van die volledige koderende, gedeeltelike 5’UTR, introniese en 3’UTR areas te doen. Vyftien nuwe polimorfismes en drie mikrosatelliete is geïdentifiseer. Ten slotte is ‘n oorsigstudie gedoen om die toepaslikheid van BTB genetiese weerstandsdata in selektiewe telingsprogramme van Kaap-buffels te evalueer. Fenotipiese, merkerbemiddelde en genomiese teling strategieë is bespreek, met spesifieke klem op die geskiktheid van die metodes vir Kaap-buffels. Identifisering van gene en variante wat betrokke is by BTB weerstand in die Kaap-buffel bied potensiële teikens vir medikasie of entstof ontwikkeling, sowel as inligting wat in selektiewe telingsprogramme gebruik kan word. Dit kan nuwe bestuursopsies vir die beheer van die BTB-epidemie in die parke van Suid-Afrika bied as 'n alternatief vir, of in samewerking met, dodelike beheermetodes.

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25

Van, Eeden Charmaine. "Investigation of viral causes of undiagnosed neurological disease in animals and their zoonotic risk to humans in South Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33084.

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Every year thousands of cases of neurological disease go undiagnosed largely due to the vast number of potential causes, especially neglected are those thought to be of viral origin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potentially novel causes of undiagnosed neurological disease in horses. An arbitrarily primed PCR was developed which allowed for the identification of unknown agents from cell culture and as well as tissue specimens. Shuni virus (SHUV) was identified in a cell culture isolate from a horse that had displayed severe neurological signs. This little known orthobunyavirus, had not been well studied since its discovery in the 1960’s and thus the focus became to further elucidate the role SHUV may play in neurological disease in South Africa. Two SHUV specific assays were developed and employed in a five year epidemiologic study. 497 horses and 143 other animals submitted to our surveillance program with febrile and neurological disease were screened for the presence of SHUV. 13 SHUV cases were identified, nine in horses and four in wildlife species. In horses symptoms ranged from mild febrile illness to severe neurological disease, where 45% of animals either died or were euthanized on humane grounds. All wildlife cases presented with paralysis, all cases proved fatal. A genome was amplified and characterised and SHUV’s (SAE 18/09) relationship to the prototype SHUV isolate and the Simbu serogroup fully clarified. Of significance was the finding that the prototype isolate’s sequence differed from SAE 18/09 at one of the M segment cleavage sites, such changes are known to affect pathogenicity. Finally due to the zoonotic potential of SHUV, a serological survey was conducted on veterinarians, to determine whether they may be at increased level of exposure due to occupational risk. WNV was used in comparison as zoonotic transmission of this virus had been documented and multiple studies conducted to analyse its sero-prevalance. 12.5% of veterinarians were found to have neutralizing antibodies to WNV and 4% to SHUV, these values correlate with what is seen in equine studies (WNV 8.7% - SHUV 1.9%), highlighting the zoonotic potential of these pathogens.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
Medical Virology
PhD
Unrestricted

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Egenvall, Agneta. "Canine health, disease and death : data from a Swedish animal insurance database /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5433-6.pdf.

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Brevard, Mathew E. "Developing compatible techniques for magnetic resonance imaging of stroke pathophysiology." Link to electronic thesis, 2002. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0107103-173954.

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González, Ana María. "Studies of human rotavirus candidate non-replicating vaccines and innate immunity in a gnotobiotic pig model of human rotavirus disease." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1172622915.

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Zohari, Siamak. "Genetic characterisation and functional study of the NS gene of avian influenza virus /." Uppsala : Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/200986.pdf.

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Silasi, Gergely, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Novel treatments for inducing cortical plasticity and functional restitution following motor cortex stroke." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2005, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/278.

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Stroke remains a leading cause of disability in the western world, with symptoms ranging in severity from mild congnitive or motor impairments, to severe impairments in both cognitive and motor domains. Despite ongoing research aimed at helping stroke patients the disease cannot be prevented or cured, therefore a large body of research has been aimed at identifying effective rehabilitative strategies. Based on our understanding of normal brain function, and the meachanisms mediating the limited spontaneous recovery that is observed following injury, factors that promote brain plasticity are likely to be effective treatments for stroke symptoms. The current thesis investigated three novel treatments (COX-2 inhibitor drug, vitamin supplement diet, and social experience) in a rat model of focal ischemia in the motor cortex. All three treatments have been previously shown to alter plasticity in the normal brain, however the current experiments show that the treatments have differential effects following stroke. The COX-2 inhibitors provided limited improvement in functional performance, whereas the vitamin supplement treatment had no effect. Social experience on the other hand was found to block the usually observed spontaneous improvements following the stroke. These results suggest that factors that alter dendritic plasticity may in fact serve as effective stroke treatments depending on the site and the mechanisms whereby the plastic changes are induced.
ix, 149 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.

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Gharbawie, Omar A., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Modeling middle cerebral artery stroke in rats : an examination of the skilled reaching impairments." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2006, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/388.

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Middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke can produce chronic incapacitating motor impairments. Understanding the neural basis of the motor syndromes is complicated by the diversity of neural structures damaged but the problem can be addressed in laboratory rats by inducing selective infarcts. Nevertheless, the motor syndromes that ensue from stroke in rats remain poorly understood and undermine its potential as a model for clinical stroke. The objective of the present thesis was to document the skilled reaching impairments from neocortical and subcortical MCA infarcts in rats. In addition, the integrity of the motor system components spared by the infarct was assessed neurophysiologically and neuroanatomically. Characteristic reaching impairments emerged from each infarct but there were also some overlapping features that might be explained by neural dysfunction extending beyond the boundaries of the infarct. The present studies showed that the laboratory rat is an ideal animal model for studying stroke, which should be of interest to both clinical and research scientists studying stroke.
xiii, 345 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm. + 1 CD-ROM

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De, Beer Scott. "Plant-expressed diagnostic proteins and their use for the identification and differentiation of infected and vaccinated animals with foot-and-mouth disease virus." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27097.

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The Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) affects cloven-hoofed animals and is endemic in most parts of Africa, South America and southern Asia. South Africa is considered a FMDV-free zone but the virus is maintained within the wildlife in the Kruger National Park (KNP), making mitigation of outbreaks a high priority. Diagnostic methods are usually costly due to the high production cost of the reagents used, meaning that regular monitoring and diagnosis of animals around the KNP for FMDV is expensive due to the large amounts of serum continuously being tested. I propose an alternative plant expression platform for the local production of more cost effective diagnostic reagents capable of distinguishing between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). I selected the non-structural 3ABC polyprotein of FMDV to express, as it is a suitable candidate as a coating antigen in a competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) for the detection of neutralizing antibodies in livestock sera. I also chose other variations of the full polyprotein (3AB, 3AB1 and 3B) for expression as they have previously been shown to be effective in FMDV diagnosis. I also selected a second reagent to be expressed: this was the CRAb-FM27 single chain variable fragment (scFv), which binds a 3B epitope on the 3ABC polyprotein and has previously shown to be effective as a competing antibody in a C-ELISA. The 3B antigen and the scFv were successfully expressed and purified from N. benthamiana, which to my knowledge is the first time either has been shown. The plant produced scFv successfully bound the 3B antigen in an I-ELISA. Separately, the plant produced 3B antigen could be used to successfully differentiate FMDV infected and vaccinated guinea pig serum in an I-ELISA. However, testing of these reagents in tandem within a C-ELISA to DIVA sera was inconclusive, and further research is required to optimise C-ELISA conditions.

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Gonzalez, Claudia L. R., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "An analysis of poststroke motor dysfunction and cerebral reorganization in rats." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2004, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/15.

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This thesis investigates the behavioural and anatomical correlates of recovery from motor cortex damage in rats. The effectiveness of behavioural, pharmacological, and regenerative treatments was investigated using models of focal stroke. Chronic bilateral motor deficits were found after motor cortex damage induced by various methods. These behavioural deficits were similar in severity and duration although they were correlated with different patterns of reorganization seen in Golgi-stained tissue. Animals with motor cortex injury benefited from postinjury olfactory stimulation, chronic administration of nicotine, and infusions of epidermal growth factor followed by erythroprotein. Different mechanisms of plasticity in remaining cortical circuits are discussed as possible candidates responsible for the behavioural improvement. The current thesis expands the current knowledge of the effects of adult cortical damage to ares critical to motor control. It may also stimulate research on therapies and possible mechanisms that might enhance recovery after stroke.
xviii, 299 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm.

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Bondy, Peter Jacob. "Cytauxzoon felis in Missouri ticks /." Free to MU Campus, others may purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p14211147.

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35

Wu, Jinfang. "Alzheimer's disease (AD) like pathology following developmental lead exposure in primates and the role of aging in AD-related genes regulation in rodents and primates /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2008. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3314462.

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36

Deikun, Larissa Loryn. "The Health and Growth of Veal Calves Provided a Fatty Acid Supplement and a Dry Teat." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563380406594548.

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37

Torrence, Mary Elizabeth. "A log-linear model for predicting risk factors for rabies positivity in raccoons in Virginia, 1984-1987." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135746/.

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38

Rakai, Brooke D., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Experience dependent plasticity of stroke outcome." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Neuroscience, c2008, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2518.

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Stroke outcome is highly variable. Experiments in this thesis test the hypothesis that experience prior to a stroke is an important variable in the manifestation of stroke. Optokinetic tracking was used to evaluate the effects of visual cortex stroke and MCA occlusion in rats. Normal laboratory rats showed a small, but significant decrease in tracking thresholds following visual cortex stroke. Animals with developmental visuomotor experience or reach training experience in adulthood, however, had tracking thresholds which were substantially increased, and the effects of visual cortex strokes were greater. MCA occlusions did not affect tracking behaviour. These data indicate that specific experiences engage neural plasticity that can alter brain function. These changes can, in turn, affect the behavioural manifestation of a stroke. Understanding the effect that environmental experience has on stroke outcome promises to enable better characterization of strokes, and set appropriate behavioural baselines for the measurement of recovery of function.
vi, 135 p. : ill. ; 29 cm

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Clark, Callie Anne Marie, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Sound-induced behavioural activation in the normal and haloperidol-treated rat." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience , c2008, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/1293.

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Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems affect one in five people in North America. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, after Alzheimer’s disease, and occurs in approximately 1% of the general North American population. PD is a progressive movement disorder that is characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement) or akinesia (absence of spontaneous movement), as well as postural instability. Current treatment of PD is symptom-based, and no pharmacological treatment currently exists to slow the progression of bradykinesia and akinesia. In fact, pharmacological therapies produce motor side effects in advanced stages of the disease. Given the difficulty in initiating and controlling movement as PD advances, and the ineffectiveness of medical therapies after prolonged treatment, physical and music therapies can be used to supplement classical therapies. Listening to, and performing, music affects a number of neural regions, including those that mediate motor behaviour, arousal or activation, and emotion. Despite anatomical connections between the auditory and motor systems at the level of the spinal cord, brain stem, midbrain, and cortex, the neural and behavioural mechanisms for sound-induced activation remains unclear. It is known, however, that PD patients recruit external sensory stimuli to improve movement. The aim of the current research was to create an animal model of sound-induced activation and to test the effect of previous motoric experience on the potency of auditory stimuli. To investigate behavioural activation in the normal and haloperidol-treated rat, two tasks were used: 1) orienting responses were analyzed for movement components in saline and haloperidol treated rats v to find out if rats responded in the same to a variety of naturally produced and generated activating sounds, and 2) a grid climbing task allowed for the righting components of naïve and familiar cataleptic rats to be compared. Our findings revealed that familiar auditory cues could release parkinsonian rats from catalepsy. The current research supports the theory that auditory stimulation retains “special access” to motor regions otherwise impaired in PD and likely bypasses basal ganglia circuitry to normalize movement through alternative pathways.
xiv, 142 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm

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40

Wallage, Helena Rachelle. "The effects of Plagiorchis elegans (Trematoda : Plagiorchiidae) infection on the carbohydrate metabolism of fourth instar Aedes aegypti (Diptera : Culicidae) larvae." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30763.

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Glucose was present in substantially greater concentrations in whole body extracts of fourth instar Aedes aegypti L. larvae than was trehalose; in contrast, trehalose was more abundant than glucose in haemolymph extracts. Preliminary studies suggested that infection of Ae. aegypti by the entomopathogenic digenean Plagiorchis elegans Rudolphi alters the carbohydrate metabolism of fourth instar larvae. Within 24 hours of cercarial penetration, total body extracts of infected fourth instar larvae exhibited decreased trehalase activity, increased trehalose-6-phosphatase activity, and an accumulation of trehalose in comparison to uninfected larvae. Concentrations of glucose, glycogen and lipids, and the activity of glycogen phosphorylase a were similar in extracts of infected and control larvae. The predominant fatty acids, in both control and infected larvae, were C 18:0, C 18:1 and C 18:3. There were no significant differences in the types and proportions of fatty acids found in control and infected larvae. Parasitic infection is discussed in terms of impaired trehalose metabolism.

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Kundrotienė, Jurgita. "Ischemic brain damage following transient and moderate compression of sensorimotor cortex in Sprague-Dawley and diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-819-X/.

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42

So, Hon-fai, and 蘇漢暉. "Age-dependent effects of mitochondrial function in skin fibroblasts and skeletal muscle derived from a Parkinsonian LRRK2 R1441G knockinmouse model." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50162846.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. The pathogenesis and etiology of PD are unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in PD, causing a decrease in complex I activity in postmortem brain, and exacerbating reactive oxygen species production and ATP deficiency contributing to neuronal cell death. Mutation of leucine-rich-repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene is the most common genetic factor identified in both familial and sporadic PD cases. Several mutations in LRRK2 have been linked to PD, in which R1441G is the second commonest mutation after G2019S. LRRK2 protein is ubiquitously expressed in human body, in which a portion is localized to the mitochondria. Mutations of LRRK2 directly or indirectly cause mitochondria dysfunction. Dysfunction of mitochondrial respiratory complexes has been described in skin fibroblasts and skeletal muscle of PD patients. Therefore, these clinically accessible tissues are good for monitoring disease progression. The objectives of this study were to investigate how LRRK2 R1441G mutation affects normal mitochondrial function, and whether this specific LRRK2 mutation potentiates age-dependent deterioration of mitochondrial function. To achieve these aims, colonies of skin fibroblast carrying LRRK2 R1441G mutation or wild-type LRRK2 were derived from a novel LRRK2 R1441G knock-in (KI) mouse model and its wild-type (WT) littermates. Skeletal muscles were dissected from the hind legs of WT and KI mice. The effects of aging and LRRK2 R1441G mutation on mitochondrial function were investigated in vitro using these derived skin fibroblast cultures, and ex vivo using skeletal muscle obtained from young (3-month-old) and aged (18-month-old) WT and KI mice. Reduction-oxidation activities of mitochondrial complex I and complex II in skin fibroblasts and skeletal muscle were measured spectrophotometrically. Intracellular ATP levels in skin fibroblasts were determined by bioluminescent assay. Phase-contrast microscopy showed that aging and LRRK2 R1441G mutation did not affect cell morphology of the derived skin fibroblast cultures. Complex I activity determined in skin fibroblasts and skeletal muscle derived from KI and their WT littermates revealed that, aging caused a significant increase in complex I activity in WT but not KI skin fibroblasts. Conversely, a significant decrease in complex I activity was observed in both WT and KI skeletal muscle, demonstrating an aging effect ex vivo. LRRK2 R1441G mutation did not affect complex I activity in WT and KI skin fibroblasts and skeletal muscle. Moreover, complex II activity in these two tissues was neither affected by aging nor R1441G LRRK2 mutation. Intracellular ATP levels in the skin fibroblast cultures were also unaltered by aging and LRRK2 R1441G mutation. In conclusion, my current findings indicated a significant aging effect on mitochondrial complex I activity ex vivo, supporting the role of age-dependent deterioration of complex I activity in mitochondrial dysfunction of PD. LRRK2 R1441G mutation did not affect complex I and II activities in both skin fibroblasts and skeletal muscle. Also, this mutation did not potentiate the age-dependent deterioration of complex I activities as observed in skin fibroblasts and skeletal muscle of the LRRK2 R1441G knock-in mice.
published_or_final_version
Medicine
Master
Master of Philosophy

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43

Silverman, Edward Brown. "Traction-induced injury of rat Achilles' tendon a new in vivo biomechanical model for the assessment of tendon disease and injury /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-02012008-160316.

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Hukkanen, Mika Veli Juhani. "Neuropeptides in the central and peripheral nervous system : their role in the pathophysiology of painful osteoarticular inflammatory disease and trauma in man and animals." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320158.

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45

Alkhateeb, Tuqa. "Effects of Acute Sepsis on Renal Structure and Sympathetic Innervation in Mice." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3299.

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Sympathetic nerves are important for renal physiology and sepsis pathophysiology. A recent study showed sprouting of sympathetic nerves in spleen of septic mice. This study was done to test if renal sprouting of sympathetic nerves also happens and to investigate renal morphology in septic mice. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used to induce sepsis and kidneys were removed for evaluation. Bowman’s space was diminished with cortical bubble cells present suggestive of acute renal pathology, however, renal function was unchanged. Acute sepsis did not affect either renal sympathetic innervation or non-neuronal cholinergic cells. Mouse kidneys had more epinephrine (EPI) than norepinephrine (NE) in both groups. This is most likely due to uptake of epinephrine by renal sympathetic nerves and may have no correlation with sepsis. In conclusion, septic mice showed minor renal pathology and no evidence of acute sympathetic nerve sprouting. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism and consequences of elevated EPI in mice kidney.

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Faraji, Jamshid, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Structural alterations in the hippocampus and spatial behavior by stress in male and female rats : protections, and recovery in water-based and dry-land tasks." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2008, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/725.

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Stress-related cognitive changes are still a matter of debate. In some particular neuropathological conditions such as focal ischemia, cognitive functions have been shown to be significantly impaired. These conditions, however, may be improved by some factors such as steroid hormones. The purpose of the current thesis was to assess the structural and functional effects of corticosterone-related experiences on the hippocampus before and after endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced stroke. We found corticosterone-related experiences enhance the hippocampal recovery, and improve its function in both wet and dryland tasks after ET-1-induced focal stroke. Structural and functional effects of such experiences prior to the focal ischemia in the hippocampus, however, showed that stress, not corticosterone is a strong inhibitor for hippocampal recovery.
xii, 252 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm. --

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Kirkland, Scott, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Modulation of recovery and compensation after stroke." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2007, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/387.

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Stress has been shown to exacerbate cell death and cognitive deficits after ischemic injury in rodents, however, little is known of the effects of stress on motor recovery. The objective of this present thesis is to examine the effects of chronic stress on skilled motor recovery after devascularization lesion in rats. It was found that pre-lesion stress induced the most behavioural impairments, while post-lesion stress exacerbated infarct volume. The effects of chronic multiple stress on skilled motor recovery after lesion was also examined. Chronic multiple stress did not modulate skilled motor recovery nor did it have any influence on infarct volume. Additionally, stress had effect on edema after devascularization lesion. The present thesis suggests that the time of exposure to chronic stress in respect to the ischemic lesion, in addition to the type of stress, will differentially affect recovery and compensation in rats.
xii, 122 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.

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48

Corley, Sean Ryan. "Cholinergic basal forebrain involvement in the acquisition of differential reinforcement of low rate responding tasks in rats." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2780.

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It was hypothesized that 192 IgG-saporin lesions of the basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) would disrupt differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL) learning in an uncued DRL task, but would not impair acquisition and performance in the cued version of the task. Results suggest that BFCS lesions impair vigilance to the external cues despite continued practice in the cued DRL, whereas continuous attention to internally produced cues recovers with extended practice in the uncued DRL.

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Lowings, Michael D., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Epigenetic regulation of stroke recovery : changes in DNA methylation and micro-RNA regulation following stroke and EGF/EPO neurogenesis therapy." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Biological Sciences, c2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2570.

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Stroke is one of the most common, and damaging, neurological afflictions. Stroke causes widespread and variable chronic effects, due to the limited regenerative ability of the adult brain. Altered gene expression induces neuronal changes necessary for plasticity-dependent recovery, effects which can be enhanced by growth hormone-based pharmaceuticals. These processes are driven by alterations in the informational capacity of the genome – changes driven by epigenetic regulators. Following experimental strokes, and treatment with EGF and EPO, this study shows that two epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, DNA methylation and microRNA regulation, are significantly altered, both in treated and untreated animals. Specifically, treatment induces a net global suppression of miRNA activity, which appears to modify the physical behaviour of neurons in domains ranging from plasticity and memory formation, growth and replication, and potentially even to neurological disease signalling. The confirmation of epigenetic alterations following a stroke indicates a future role for epigenetic neuro-pharmacology in stroke management.
x, [99] leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm

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Sumida, Doralice de Souza [UNESP]. "Agressões por cães e gatos em municípios da região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141972.

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As agressões provocadas por animais domésticos, em especial por cães e gatos, constituem-se em um sério problema de saúde pública no Brasil, particularmente por sua relação com o controle da raiva em humanos. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a ocorrência de casos de agressão de pessoas por cães e gatos em municípios da região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo no período de 2008 a 2013, observando a variação da frequência ao longo dos anos e o perfil das mesmas entre os municípios, de acordo com suas características específicas. Para tanto, realizou-se um levantamento em arquivos de dados oficiais da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de São Paulo, tendo como base o período entre os anos de 2008 a 2013. Foram notificados 9.411 casos de acidentes por animais domésticos, sendo as agressões por cães as mais frequentes. A grande maioria dos municípios avaliados tiveram aumentos dos casos de agressões durante o período de estudo, entretanto a relação entre agressões por cães domiciliados e não domiciliados permaneceu constante. A maior frequência de agressões ocorreu na faixa etária entre 0 - 14, em todos os municípios analisados e nesta faixa etária houve predominância de ferimentos em membros inferiores, enquanto que em maiores de 14 anos, a maior ocorrência foi em mãos/pés. Houve predomínio de mordeduras, seguidas de arranhaduras. Foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os municípios da região estudada em relação à incidência das agressões e à sua distribuição entre os gêneros, não diferindo nas demais características como idade das pessoas agredidas, tipo de ferimento, localização das lesões.
Aggressions caused by domestic animals, especially by cats and dogs, is a serious public health issue in Brazil, particularly in its relation to the control of human rabies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidents involving aggression by dogs and cats to people in the municipalities of São Paulo State Northwest region from 2008 to 2013, noting the frequency variation over the years and the profile of them between municipalities in accordance with their specific characteristics. A survey on the State official data center was performed having as basis the period between 2008 and 2013, when 9,411 cases of aggressions by pets were reported. The aggressions caused by dogs were the most frequently reported. The large majority of the assessed municipalities had an increases in cases of aggression during the study period, however the relationship between aggressions from domestic and free roaming dogs remained constant. The highest frequency of attacks occurred in the group aging from 0 to14, in all analyzed municipalities and in this age range there was a predominance of injuries in the lower limbs, while in those over 14 years, the highest occurrence was in hands/feet. A large majority of reported aggressions corresponded to bites, followed by scratching. Statistically significant differences were observed between the municipalities in the study area in the incidence of attacks and their distribution between the genders, but not differing in other characteristics such as age of attacked people, type of injury and location of injury.

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