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Journal articles on the topic 'Animals gardens'
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1
Al-Dala'een, Jawad Atef. "The Socio-economic Factors Affecting Animal Breeding in Urban Households." International Journal of Business Administration 9, no. 1 (December 13, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v9n1p36.
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The objective of this research is to investigate the socio-economic conditions of households who have animal production gardens. The questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire concentrated on collecting data about animal breeding patters, the extent of these animals in these gardens. The sample was distributed on six stratified layers each layer represent a pattern of household income except the sixth layers which represents household gardens suburban areas. The results showed that households concentrate on animal breeding in their gardens. The type of animal breeding depends on the location of layers and laws, which regulate this process. In suburban areas, all kinds of animal were allowed to breed in household gardens. The production attained of animal breeding was very considerable and can be considered as part of household income.
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Shankar, Anita V., Joel Gittelsohn, Elizabeth K. Pradhan, Chandra Dhungel, and Keith P. West. "Home Gardening and Access to Animals in Households with Xerophthalmic Children in Rural Nepal." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 19, no. 1 (January 1998): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659801900106.
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This case–control study compares the home garden and animal husbandry practices of households with and without xerophthalmic children in south-central Nepal, focusing on the relationship between these practices and household intake of vitamin A–rich foods. Eighty-one households with a child between the ages of one and six years diagnosed with xerophthalmia (cases) and 81 households with an age-matched, non-xerophthalmic child (controls) were studied. There was little difference between case and control households in the size of their gardens. However, case households were significantly less likely to plant carotenoid-rich vegetables from October to March than were control households (odds ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.16 to 0.96). The mean consumption of non-carotenoid-rich vegetables, but not of carotenoid-rich vegetables, increased linearly with garden size. Case households were significantly more likely than control households to rent domesticated animals from others (χ2 = 5.91; p < .05). Control households were more likely than case households to own chickens and pigeons (χ2 = 6.6–9.2; p < .05). During specific seasons, household meat consumption was significantly lower in case households, regardless of access to animals. Case households appeared to have significantly lower intakes of key vitamin A–rich foods, particularly green leaves and meat, regardless of their socio-economic level (as determined by ownership of material goods), access to animals, or availability of home gardens.
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BLÜTHGEN, NICO, VIVIANE SCHMIT-NEUERBURG, STEFAN ENGWALD, and WILHELM BARTHLOTT. "Ants as epiphyte gardeners: comparing the nutrient quality of ant and termite canopy substrates in a Venezuelan lowland rain forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 17, no. 6 (November 2001): 887–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467401001651.
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The poor availability of suitable substrate and nutrients strongly limits the distribution and growth of vascular epiphytes in lowland rain forests (Benzing 1990, Nieder et al. 2000). In some epiphyte species nutrition may be assisted by adventitious roots that grow into animal debris in plant cavities such as domatia and bromeliad tanks (Huxley 1980). For epiphyte species lacking these modifications, animals may nevertheless play a substantial role by providing a large proportion of the limited substrate in lowland forests (Catling 1995, Longino 1986). Such associations between epiphytes and nutrient/substrate-providing animals may often be non-specific and commensalistic (Davidson & Epstein 1989, Longino 1986), while highly evolved mutualistic associations occur in the case of ant gardens which are very abundant in neotropical forests (Huxley 1980, Kleinfeldt 1986, Ule 1901). Ant gardens typically are densely inhabited by different epiphytes from various plant families whose seeds or fruits are attractive to the ants and carried into the nest (Davidson 1988). In addition, ants have been suggested to play a role in protection and nutrition of ant-garden epiphytes (Kleinfeldt 1978, 1986). Ants may benefit from epiphytes through increased nest stability (Yu 1994) or nutrition via extrafloral nectaries, fruit pulps or seed arils (Davidson 1988, Kleinfeldt 1986). In this study,we compare the nutrient quality of such ant gardens with other similar substrates rarely inhabited by epiphytes, namely nests and galleries of ants and termites.
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Al Farhan, Ahmed H., Ibrahim M. N. Aldjain, Jacob Thomas, Anthony G. Miller, Sabina G. Knees, Othman Llewellyn, and Ali Akram. "Botanic Gardens in the Arabian Peninsula." Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 6 (October 31, 2008): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2008.43.
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Botanic gardens in the Arabian Peninsula and adjacent countries, along with institutions such as museums, universities and research centres, have long played a major role in the exploration, identification and conservation of this region’s flora and vegetation. The primary aim of botanic gardens in the past was to study the plant world from the horticultural point of view and to cultivate plants of economic or medicinal importance. However, at present, particularly in arid regions such as the Arabian Peninsula, the activities of botanic gardens are focused primarily on (i) the study and exploration of the region’s rapidly vanishing flora, thereby safeguarding gene pools of wild species, and (ii) the assessment and preservation of species that may be of importance to humans and animals for food, medicines, fibre and amenity. Recently established botanic gardens in the region, including the proposed King Abdullah International Gardens in Riyadh and Oman Botanic Garden near Muscat, will enhance existing conservation activities concerning the ailing and rapidly vanishing floristic components of the Arabian Peninsula.
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Akinnubi, T. J., and O. A. Morenikeji. "Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in captive animals in selected private zoos in south-west Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 41, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v41i1.4.
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This study was carried out to determine the gastrointestinal parasite profile of captive animals kept in three private zoological gardens (Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library (OOPL) Wildlife Park, Q-BRAT Zoos and Gardens, OMU Resort) in south-west Nigeria. Animals were screened for gastrointestinal parasites via faecal analysis using standard coprological techniques. A total of 104 faecal samples were collected from forty-three animal species across the three zoos. Faecal samples examination revealed an overall parasite prevalence of 41.37%. The prevalence in OOPL was 35.29%, 62.5% in Q-BRAT and 40.54% in OMU. Gastrointestinal helminths identified were hookworm, Ascaris sp, Clonorchis sp, Enterobius sp, Trichuris sp and Dipylidium sp, while Entamoeba sp, Giardia sp and coccidian parasites were the only protozoans present. Hookworm and Ascaris sp had the highest prevalence of 39.53% and 18.60% respectively. Prevalence across five categories of captive animals (aves, herbivores, carnivores, primates and reptiles) showed that primates and herbivores had the highest prevalence rates (54.55% and 43.75% respectively). Coccidian parasites had the highest intensity in birds at OOPL. This study shows the presence of parasites of zoonotic importance (Entamoeba sp, Hookworm, Ascaris sp, Giardia sp Enterobius sp and Trichuris sp) among screened animals. The result of this survey calls for the improvement of husbandry practices, continuous parasite surveillance and therapeutic practices in the zoos in order to prevent a breakdown of animal and public health.
Keywords: Gastrointestinal parasites; captive animals; zoological gardens, zoonosis; public health; south-west Nigeria.
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Larsson, Eleanor. "“On Deposit”: animal acquisition at the Zoological Society of London, 1870–1910 (Patron's review)." Archives of Natural History 48, no. 1 (April 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2021.0685.
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When the zoological gardens in Regent's Park opened to the public in 1847, they immediately became very popular, providing a source of both entertainment and instruction for visitors and a vital stream of revenue for the Zoological Society of London. However, the ongoing popularity of the gardens was endangered by the consistently high mortality rates which afflicted the Society's animals throughout the course of the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. This paper examines how the Society's efforts to combat this challenge led them to foster and sustain relationships which centred on the act of animal “deposit”. Often a temporary arrangement, somewhat like a loan, depositing involved a range of individuals involved in the animal trade, including commercial animal dealers and the naturalist Lionel Walter Rothschild. Through the system of depositing, the Zoological Society became the custodians of a wide range of animals which they could exhibit. However, their lack of ownership of these animals, combined with a lack of knowledge about how to care for them, ultimately constrained the Society's management of them and impeded its longer-term goals of reducing both animal mortality and the impact of high mortality rates on the menagerie's ability to attract visitors and sustain its economy.
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Bagaria, Anjali, and Arun Kumar Sharma. "A Knowledge and Practices study of health hazards among animal handlers in zoological gardens." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 4, no. 1 (February 20, 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v4i1.9146.
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Background- Close association with animals makes zookeepers a high risk group for suffering from various zoonotic diseases. Thus, it is important that they are able to protect themselves from these diseases and injuries through prevention awareness. Objective- To study the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding health hazards among animal handlers in zoological gardens. Materials and Methods- A questionnaire based cross-sectional study conducted in the National Zoological Park, New Delhi, India involving all 66 employees, including 49 who were directly involved in taking care of animals. Result- About 86% of the total participants perceived a risk of suffering from disease or injury due to animal handling. Allergies, tuberculosis and bird flu were commonly perceived risks from animal handling. Majority (69.7%) suggested isolation of animals with infectious diseases. About 65% and 37% were vaccinated for tetanus and rabies respectively. Headache (83.3%), itching (80.3%) and vomiting (77.3%) were the most commonly stated symptoms of zoonotic diseases. While handling animals 59.2% had at least once got injured, after which they were mostly taken to the doctor (79.3%). Only 24.5% had attended training program on zoonotic diseases. Conclusion- There were many lacunae in the knowledge and practices of animal handlers regarding prevention, control and treatment of zoonotic disease and injuries due to animal handling. Training sessions for prevention of zoonotic diseases and injuries are absent. It is important that these issues are addressed promptly and adequately. Also, such study must be conducted in other zoos as situation analysis activity to plan training programmes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v4i1.9146
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Bartlett, A. D. "On some Hybrid Bovine Animals bred in the Society's Gardens." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 52, no. 3 (August 21, 2009): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1884.tb02843.x.
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Murray, J. A. "Report on Death of Animals in the Gardens in 1917." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 88, no. 1-2 (August 21, 2009): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1918.tb02081.x.
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Murray, J. A. "Report on Deaths of Animals in the Gardens in 1918." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 89, no. 1-2 (August 21, 2009): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1919.tb02105.x.
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Mäekivi, Nelly, and Timo Maran. "Semiotic dimensions of human attitudes towards other animals: A case of zoological gardens." Sign Systems Studies 44, no. 1/2 (July 5, 2016): 209–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2016.44.1-2.12.
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This paper analyses the cultural and biosemiotic bases of human attitudes towards other species. A critical stance is taken towards species neutrality and it is shown that human attitudes towards different animal species differ depending on the psychological dispositions of the people, biosemiotic conditions (e.g. umwelt stuctures), cultural connotations and symbolic meanings. In real-life environments, such as zoological gardens, both biosemiotic and cultural aspects influence which animals are chosen for display, as well as the various ways in which they are displayed and interpreted. These semiotic dispositions are further used as motifs in staging, personifying or de-personifying animals in order to modify visitors’ perceptions and attitudes. As a case study, the contrasting interpretations of culling a giraffe at the Copenhagen zoo are discussed. The communicative encounters and shifting per ceptions are mapped on the scales of welfaristic, conservational, dominionistic, and utilitarian approaches. The methodological approach described in this article integrates static and dynamical views by proposing to analyse the semiotic potential of animals and the dynamics of communicative interactions in combination.
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Castañeda-Navarrete, Jennifer. "Homegarden diversity and food security in southern Mexico." Food Security 13, no. 3 (February 13, 2021): 669–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-021-01148-w.
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AbstractHome gardens are recognised in the literature for their contribution to food security, yet the process by which agrobiodiversity and household characteristics mediate this relationship is less well understood. This paper contributes to fill this research gap by drawing on a multi-site case study in the Yucatán region in Mexico. By applying regression analysis, the significance of the association between home garden diversity and food security is confirmed. Plant diversity is found to have a positive association with food consumption scores and the frequency of vegetable intakes. The number of animals used for food purposes is also found to have positive and significant associations with food consumption scores and frequency of meat intakes. However, the dimension and the significance of these positive associations were found to vary among communities and quantiles of the distribution of food security measures. In the households studied, younger individuals and better-educated people, males and Spanish speakers were more likely to engage in jobs in urban areas. Engagement in urban jobs was found to involve complementarities with the overall plant diversity of home gardens, but also trade-offs with the diversity of vegetables and other herbs used for food purposes and with the abundance of animals raised for food purposes.
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Grabow, W. O. K., T. E. Neubrech, C. S. Holtzhausen, and J. Jofre. "Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli bacteriophages: excretion by humans and animals." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1995): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0609.
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The faecal excretion of somatic and male-specific coliphages, and phages of Bacteroides fragilis strain HSP40, by humans and a variety of animals has been investigated as part of research on indicator features of phages. Ninety human stool specimens were obtained from black and white male and female individuals varying in age from 6 months to 85 years. Sixty-five faecal samples from domestic animals including cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, dogs, cats, geese and rabbits, were obtained from various agricultural and domestic sources. The National Zoological Gardens in Pretoria kindly supplied 38 stool specimens from higher primates (gorilla, orangoutang and chimpanzee). Thirty-seven stool specimens from chacma baboons and vervet monkeys were obtained from the Zoological Gardens and our animal research centre. Five specimens of seabird droppings were obtained from the west coast of South Africa. The qualitative presence of phages was determined by an enrichment procedure followed by a plaque spot test. Double agar layer plaque assays were used to titrate phages. Bacteroides fragilis phages were detected in 13% of human stool samples, but not in any animal faeces. Somatic coliphages were detected in 54% of human, 56% of domestic animal, 57% of monkey and baboon, 53% of higher primate, and 60% of seabird specimens. Male-specific coliphages were detected in 26% of human, 90% of domestic animal, 76% of monkey and baboon, 63% of higher primate, and 20% of seagull faecal samples. Titres of phages in selected samples varied from undetectable by direct plaque assay to 4.5 × 106 somatic and 3.2 × 104 male-specific coliphages per gram of seabird droppings. Faecally polluted environments may, therefore, contain substantial numbers of somatic and male-specific coliphages of human and animal origin. The results confirm earlier observations that B fragilis phages can be used to distinguish between faecal pollution of human and animal origin.
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Osemeobo, Gbadebo Jonathan. "Animal Wildlife Conservation under Multiple Land-use Systems in Nigeria." Environmental Conservation 15, no. 3 (1988): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900029386.
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To conserve a resource without having adequate data and finance is difficult and frustrating. The situation of wildlife in Nigeria is nevertheless different. Except in the Yankari, Upper Ogun, and Kwiabaha, Game Reserves, and the Kainji Lake National Park, little efforts have been made to protect the Nigerian animal wildlife resources from human pressure and widespread extinction. To many, what remains of the wild animals are best seen in the few state-owned zoological gardens in Nigeria. However, because most indigenous large animal species—including Elephant, Buffalo, Chimpanzee, Gorilla, Rhinoceros, Leopard, and Ostrich—have not been able to reproduce in the various zoological gardens so far, the hope to conserve these animals is brittle. The questions are, what factors are working against wildlife conservation? Indeed, what hopes exist for Nigerian animal wildlife?Animal wildlife is a declining resource in Nigeria because of unplanned land-use practices. For example, landuses in game reserves are often conflicting and contradictory. Four land-uses: timber extraction, hunting, food-crop production, and settlement, are simultaneously going on in game reserves, with little or no control measures and with no management plans. The excessive demands for land for these conflicting uses have greatly disturbed the ecosystems involved, thus making the survival of the wild animals uncertain. Specifically, the problems of wildlife conservation in Nigeria are: (a) poaching; (b) indiscriminate burning of the vegetation; (c) uncontrolled grazing activities in the reserves; (d) intensive logging for domestic and industrial uses; (e) user rights on the reserves enjoyed by the traditional owners of the land before reservation; (f) lack of adequate funds to manage the reserves; (g) ineffective legislation; (h) lack of trained manpower; (i) urban sprawl; and (j) infrastructural development of roads, electric and telegraph lines, and irrigation schemes, all within the game reserves.The future for Nigerian animal wildlife depends on the nation's ability to conserve what is left either in their natural habitat or, at least, in zoological gardens. The task is not simple under conditions of economic depression, with inadequate manpower and without effective management of game reserves. In these circumstances, the game reserves should be reduced to manageable numbers, while state governments should win public sympathy through adequate conservation publicity and the provision of sufficient vehicles and personnel to manage the game reserves.The policy of land-use in game reserves should be reviewed, while researches should be conducted on (a) the levels of land-use that could be consistent with maintaining wild animals in the reserves, (b) the number and species of animals hunted per year, (c) the population of animal species in the game reserves and their habitat suitability, (d) the endangered and extinct animal species and specific reasons for the decline in their populations, and (e) human problems peculiar to each reserve and ways of minimizing them.
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Kwon, Min Hyeong, Jongyun Kim, Changwan Seo, Chiwon W. Lee, Eu Jean Jang, and Woo-Kyun Lee. "Education Programs in Public Children’s Gardens in the United States." HortTechnology 26, no. 1 (February 2016): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.26.1.70.
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This study examines the current status, implementation, and foci of children’s education programs as a subset of general audience-targeted public education programs offered by public children’s gardens in the United States. Children were a major target audience of the examined public gardens, followed by adults, families, and youth. Public children’s gardens tended to offer more programs overall compared with public gardens without children’s gardens. In addition, there was a greater diversity of children’s education programs offered (classified into 10 topics and 11 activities) in public children’s gardens. The most frequently offered topics were plants (39.1%), animals (22.0%), and art (11.3%). Observation was the most frequently offered activity (17.1%), followed by visual art (14.4%). However, the proportions of offered programs significantly differed across individual public children’s gardens. The subjects (i.e., topics and activities) offered by children’s education programs were more often directed toward younger children. Education coordinators and horticulture directors were asked about desired improvements to children’s education programs. A large number of respondents (50) indicated a need to develop programs with greater topical variety, revealing a desire to diversify programs. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that it is important to diversify the natural environmental experiences of education programs for children through developing children’s gardens and age-specific education at public children’s gardens in the United States.
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Roller, Marco, Sören Hansen, Susanne Böhlken-Fascher, Tobias Knauf-Witzens, Claus-Peter Czerny, Ralph Goethe, and Ahmed Abd El Wahed. "Molecular and Serological Footprints of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies Infections in Zoo Animals." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 3 (August 23, 2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7030117.
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Background: Mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pose a significant risk to zoological collections. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is a member of MAC and the causative agent of Johne’s disease. Despite many reports in animals kept in zoological gardens, systemic surveillance has rarely been reported. Methods: In this study, archived serum samples collected from animal species at the Wilhelma Zoological and Botanical Gardens in Stuttgart, Germany, were screened for the presence of antibodies against MAC and MAP. In addition, molecular investigations were performed on necropsy, fecal, and environmental samples. Results: In total, 30/381 serum samples of various mammalian species were positive for MAC antibodies in ELISA, while one sample of a reticulated giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata) was positive in MAP-specific ELISA. Samples from many species were positive in pan-Mycobacterium real-time PCR (40/43 fecal samples, 27/43 environmental samples, and 31/90 necropsy samples). Surprisingly, no sample was positive in the MAP-specific molecular assays. However, two environmental samples from primate enclosures were positive in Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis (MAH)-specific real-time PCR. Conclusions: The results reveal serological indications of MAC infections in the zoological collection. However, the presence of a MAP-contaminated environment by a high-shedding individual animal or MAP-infected population is unlikely.
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Villicaña-Hernández, G. Jashui, Daniela A. Martínez-Natarén, Ricardo X. Alvarez-Espino, and Miguel A. Munguía-Rosas. "Seed Rain in a Tropical Dry Forest and Adjacent Home Gardens in the Yucatan." Tropical Conservation Science 13 (January 2020): 194008292097459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940082920974599.
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Tropical home gardens are widely recognized as reservoirs of biodiversity. Typically, Maya home gardens have an area of intensive management and one of extensive management. In the latter, some wild plant species may find safe sites for establishment, since they exhibit a high degree of similarity (in terms in plant species composition) to the surrounding forest and are dominated by plants with fleshy fruit. Therefore, this may attract frugivorous animals, which in turn may generate some seed rain. The objective of our study was to compare seed rain in the extensively managed areas of home gardens and in the surrounding forest during the fruiting peak in a rural landscape in the Yucatan. We assessed seed rain using seed traps in two habitats: the extensively managed areas of home gardens and an adjacent tropical forest. Seed rain was more abundant, denser and more diverse in the home gardens than in the adjacent forest. Approximately one quarter of the seeds recorded are from species shared between the forest and home gardens, suggesting there is notable seed exchange between these habitats. Also 50% of the seed species exclusively found in home gardens are allochthonous, likely rare species from the forest. In general, our results suggest that home gardens—particularly their extensively managed areas—are effective seed traps for forest species.
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Flack, Andrew, and Sarah Joy Maddeaux. "“Ask of the Beasts and They Shall Teach Thee”." Society & Animals 26, no. 1 (February 20, 2018): 54–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341489.
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AbstractPeople have been visiting zoos to look at non-human animals for almost two centuries. They observe a real animal, but what they see in their mind’s eye could be informed by how the animal is represented in the zoo’s guidebooks. Representations are rooted in two ways of looking: one positions the animal as an object of scientific study representative of his or her species, the other turns him or her into an individual animal with a life framed in terms of human experiences. Bristol Zoo Gardens, opened in 1836, offers a rich case study of the value of guidebooks because of its long history and surviving sources. The article begins by highlighting the theoretical approach adopted before applying it by reviewing the objectification and anthropomorphism of different animals over the chronological range of guidebooks. It then interrogates the depiction of gender roles to illuminate this style of representation.
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Sardjana, I. Komang Wiarsa. "KEJADIAN PENYAKIT RADANG PARU Pneumonia DAN ENTERISTIS PADA BEKANTAN Nasalis larvatus DI KEBUN BINATANG SURABAYA." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 6, no. 1 (December 31, 2000): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.6.1.20007.
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Incidence of Pneumonia and Enteistis on the proboscis monkey as Bekantan (Nasalis larvatus) was done at the Surabaya Zoological Gardens. Sixty one proboscis monkeys were evacuated from their habitat in Kaget island, south Kalimantan because of the habitat destruction. Thirty seven Proboscis monkeys were dead of Pneumonia and Enteritis by worms parasite infection. The preventive and treatment program with anti-biotherapy, liquid pertusion and anthelmentica have already been done as well as nutrition quality improvement and living environment to save the animals at Surabaya Zoological Gardens.
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Yashmita-Ulman, Manoj Singh, Awadhesh Kumar, and Madhubala Sharma. "Negative human-wildlife interactions in traditional agroforestry systems in Assam, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 10 (July 26, 2020): 16230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5754.12.10.16230-16238.
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Traditional agroforestry systems are designed to provide maximum and diverse yield (ranging from agricultural crops, forest trees, livestock and fish) to people. They also act as sources of food and shelter to wild animals leading to crop destruction, livestock depredation and injuries to people giving rise to negative human-wildlife interactions. The present study was carried out in three different agroforestry systems namely tea gardens, homegardens, and agrisilvicultural systems in Assam to document the attitude of people towards wild animals which damage the crops and livestock, through questionnaire surveys. In agroforestry systems, 13 animals were reported as destructive; rodents at 13% followed by Indian Hare at 12%. The least destructive were birds and bats with 4% each. In tea gardens majority of the people killed animals for meat (95%) and the most common method for killing was the use of catapults (77%). In homegardens and agrisilvicultural systems, owners chased the animals away (82%) by using catapults (68%). Hunting of animals and intolerance of people towards crop destruction and livestock depredation done by wild animals were the two main reasons causing negative human-wildlife interactions in agroforestry systems. The present study concludes that wildlife species found in the agroforestry system in Assam were threatened by local inhabitants and thus, a suitable conservation awareness and policy action plan should be developed in consultation with the owners of agroforestry systems by considering the ecological significance of the wildlife species found therein.
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Ramirez-Andreotta, Monica, Abigail Tapper, Diamond Clough, Jennifer Carrera, and Shana Sandhaus. "Understanding the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations Associated with Community Gardening to Improve Environmental Public Health Prevention and Intervention." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (February 11, 2019): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030494.
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Considering that community members continue to garden in and near environments impacted by pollutants known to negatively impact human health, this paper seeks to characterize the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations of a gardener and elucidate their perception of soil quality and environmental responsibility, awareness of past land use, and gardening behavior. Via semi-structured interviews with community gardeners in the Boston area (N = 17), multifactorial motivations associated with gardening as well as ongoing environmental health challenges were reported. Gardeners are knowledgeable about their garden’s historical past and are concerned with soil quality, theft, trash maintenance, animal waste, and loss of produce from foraging animals. Study findings directly inform the field of environmental health exposure assessments by reporting gardening duration, activities that can lead to incidental soil ingestion, and consumption patterns of locally grown produce. This information combined with an understanding of a gardener’s intrinsic and extrinsic motivations can be used to develop urban agricultural infrastructure and management strategies, educational programming, and place-based environmental public health interventions.
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Kowalski, Ryszard, and Edward Grott. "Ogrody szkolne we współczesnej szkole. Znak edukacyjnego zacofania, a może jednak postępu?" Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2015.13.1.02.
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This article looks at school gardens and their importance in the environmental education of children and young people at all levels, including elementary, junior and senior high schools. the authors raise the question as to whether, in today’s information-driven world, schools should continue to teach biology using natural samples such as the plants and animals available in the school garden, or whether they can be replaced by electronic means (e.g. a computer application), without negatively affecting educational quality. In answering this question, they come down resoundingly in favor of retaining the school garden as an essential and fundamental educational tool, which will never lose its relevance and use in the teaching of science. The authors suggest readdressing the existing definition of what a school garden is so that all teachers will come to understand that, regardless of whether the school is located in an urban environment or in the countryside, its natural environment can always be used in the teaching of biology and nature sciences and should, therefore, be defined as a school garden.
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Lloyd, Natalie. ""Something of Interest about Ourselves": Natural History and the Evolutionary Hierarchy at Taronga Zoological Park." Society & Animals 15, no. 1 (2007): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853007x169342.
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AbstractSherbourne Le Souef, a director of Sydney's Taronga Zoological Park during the first part of the twentieth century, utilized his observations of nonhuman animals living in captivity to write on the "actions, reactions and traits common to [humans] and animals" (Le Souef, 1930, p. 598). Le Souef's writings reflect his search beyond the human will for "the genesis of man's actions and reactions" (p. 598) and his appreciation of evolutionary theory where the idea of hierarchy was maintained. Similar to William T. Hornaday, a director of the zoological gardens in New York, Le Souef sought the moral improvement of zoo audiences through encouraging observation of nonhuman animals. More broadly, he argued for the relevance of his own observations to the general progress of the peoples of the new world. This paper identifies how notions of animal behavior were understood to indicate social, cultural, spiritual, and species hierarchies.
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Coelho, Willian Marinho Dourado, Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante, Juliana de Carvalho Apolinário, Natalia Marinho Dourado Coelho, and Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani. "Occurrence of Ancylostoma in dogs, cats and public places from Andradina city, São Paulo state, Brazil." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 53, no. 4 (August 2011): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652011000400001.
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The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and intensity of Ancylostoma spp. in 33 dogs and 52 cats by means of coproparasitological examinations and parasitological necropsy, and assess the presence of contaminated feces with eggs of that parasite in public places of Andradina Municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil. Willis-Mollay and Sedimentation methods indicated Ancylostoma spp. eggs in 87.8% (29/33) dogs and 94.2% (49/52) cats. The species A. caninum and A. braziliense were found in 63.6% (21/33) and 30.3% (10/33) of dogs, respectively. Considering cats, 67.3% (35/52) were parasitized by A. braziliense, 21.1% (11/52) by A. caninum, and 9.6% (5/52) by A. tubaeforme. Forty-two canine fecal samples were collected from public environments, including 23 squares/gardens and 19 streets/sidewalks. Positive samples for Ancylostoma spp. accounted for 64.3% (27/42); squares/gardens had 60.9% (14/23) positive samples, and streets and sidewalks, 68.4% (13/19). No association was observed between the number of Ancylostoma spp parasites and age, sex and breed of the animals and also the ratio of EPG counts and the parasitic intensity observed at necropsy (p > 0.05). Based on the high occurrence of hookworm in dogs and cats in this study, the treatment with anti helminthics are needed even in those animals with negative stool tests, besides adopting control of the number of animals in public places, in order to decrease the likelihood of environmental contamination, since this parasite represents a potential hazard to human and animal health.
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Lakhani, Leena, Dilip Soni, and Brahmadeep Alune. "DANGERS OF PESTICIDES ON WILDLIFE ECOLOGY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3205.
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Wildlife includes plants, insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals and many other animals. Each species has certain niche for its specific food, shelter and breeding site. The place where specie has all of its living requirements becomes that species habitat. The wild life habitats include native and man-made, exist in urban settings, in agricultural fields and in the wilderness. Pesticides applied in many forms to forests, rangeland, aquatic habitats, farmland, urban turf and gardens. Pesticides poisoning to wildlife may result from acute or chronic exposure, via secondary exposure or through indirect effects to the animal.
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Tallamy, Douglas W. "Creating Living Landscapes: Why We Need to Increase Plant/Insect Linkages in Designed Landscapes." HortTechnology 27, no. 4 (August 2017): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03699-17.
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Specialized relationships between animals and plants are the norm in nature rather than the exception and landscape designs that destroy them also degrade local ecosystem function. Plants that evolved in concert with local animals provide for their needs better than plants that evolved elsewhere. The most common and arguably most important specialized relationships are those that have developed between insect herbivores and their host plants. Here, I explain why this is so, why specialized food relationships determine the stability and complexity of the local food webs that support animal diversity, and why our yards and gardens are essential parts of the ecosystems that sustain us. I also discuss how we can use our residential and corporate landscapes to connect the isolated habitat fragments around us and produce valuable ecosystem services, and what we can do to make our landscapes living ecosystems once again.
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Saputra, Dian, Fauziah Rahmawati, Devia Khoirun Nisa, and Astried Hanggana Putri. "Mosquito Trap In The Laboratory Of FMIPA UNY'S Biological Garden To Reduce Mosquito Disorders." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat MIPA dan Pendidikan MIPA 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jpmmp.v3i2.25286.
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Mosquitoes are animals that are very often found in everyday life. Starting from the home environment, to the school environment. Mosquitoes are also animals that can carry various diseases. The FMIPA UNY Biology Garden Laboratory is overgrown with trees and there is a pool of water from several ponds that are deliberately made. That is what makes mosquitoes like the environment that is included in their habitat. At the UNY Biology Garden Laboratory, which is one of the student learning locations, mosquitoes are found flying and sometimes disrupting learning activities because they can stab and cause itching. The disturbance is feared to cause mosquito-borne diseases in students who are active in biology gardens. So that mosquito traps are made that are modified and adapted to the needs and location of the target. The tool made is a simple mosquito trap that utilizes a pool of water from a fish pond and a net from mesh or paranet cloth. The target place is the FMIPA UNY Biology Garden Laboratory, especially the pool area. While the target is the larvae or seeds of mosquitoes left by the mother. It is expected that the mosquitoes will perch on the paranet to lay eggs, then the eggs will fall down and will be eaten by fish. This is in addition to reducing the growth of mosquitoes, it can also be used for alternative food for fish, which can reduce spending to buy fish feed. Key words: mosquitos, trap
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Rashidova, Feruza Ulugbekovna. "The Technology Of Creating Topiary Compositions With The Participation Of Ornamental Shrubs - Frame Topiary In The “Green Art” Style." American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 03, no. 05 (May 22, 2021): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume03issue05-08.
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To create a unique design on your sites, in parks, recreation centers, playgrounds, to create amazing entrance groups, you can use landscape figures - topiary. Using decorative figures, depending on your wishes and fantasies, you can create fabulous corners for children using the figures of fabulous characters; picturesque corners with animals, creating whole compositions: for example, using a family of bears, rabbits or roe deer, you get an exceptional view of your site, which will delight you and your guests throughout the whole season; cozy corners with benches, etc. The fashion for ornamental gardens, ponds and rocky slides will never disappear from our garden plots. Cutting shrubs and trees in the form of various shapes is now in vogue. Interest in topiary art today is starting to gain momentum more and more, exhibitions of landscape art cannot do without elements of topiary compositions.
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Steffan, Shawn A., Yoshito Chikaraishi, Cameron R. Currie, Heidi Horn, Hannah R. Gaines-Day, Jonathan N. Pauli, Juan E. Zalapa, and Naohiko Ohkouchi. "Microbes are trophic analogs of animals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 49 (November 23, 2015): 15119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1508782112.
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In most ecosystems, microbes are the dominant consumers, commandeering much of the heterotrophic biomass circulating through food webs. Characterizing functional diversity within the microbiome, therefore, is critical to understanding ecosystem functioning, particularly in an era of global biodiversity loss. Using isotopic fingerprinting, we investigated the trophic positions of a broad diversity of heterotrophic organisms. Specifically, we examined the naturally occurring stable isotopes of nitrogen (15N:14N) within amino acids extracted from proteobacteria, actinomycetes, ascomycetes, and basidiomycetes, as well as from vertebrate and invertebrate macrofauna (crustaceans, fish, insects, and mammals). Here, we report that patterns of intertrophic 15N-discrimination were remarkably similar among bacteria, fungi, and animals, which permitted unambiguous measurement of consumer trophic position, independent of phylogeny or ecosystem type. The observed similarities among bacterial, fungal, and animal consumers suggest that within a trophic hierarchy, microbiota are equivalent to, and can be interdigitated with, macrobiota. To further test the universality of this finding, we examined Neotropical fungus gardens, communities in which bacteria, fungi, and animals are entwined in an ancient, quadripartite symbiosis. We reveal that this symbiosis is a discrete four-level food chain, wherein bacteria function as the apex carnivores, animals and fungi are meso-consumers, and the sole herbivores are fungi. Together, our findings demonstrate that bacteria, fungi, and animals can be integrated within a food chain, effectively uniting the macro- and microbiome in food web ecology and facilitating greater inclusion of the microbiome in studies of functional diversity.
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Goldingay, Ross L., David J. Sharpe, and Matt D. J. Dobson. "Variation in the home-range size of the squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis)." Australian Mammalogy 32, no. 2 (2010): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am10006.
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The home-range area of animals may vary geographically and in response to habitat quality. We investigated the size of squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) home ranges near Brisbane, Queensland, and at Tea Gardens on the central coast of New South Wales. Habitat at both sites had been partially cleared and had been subjected to grazing for several decades. Twelve gliders were tracked over an average of 3.5 months in Brisbane. The fixed kernel (FK95%) home-range estimate averaged 4.6 ± 0.7 (s.e.) ha while the minimum convex polygon (MCP100%) averaged 6.7 ± 1.5 ha. Six gliders were tracked over 1 month at Tea Gardens. The FK95% home-range estimate averaged 14.8 ± 2.4 ha while the MCP100% averaged 13.3 ± 3.1 ha. The Tea Gardens values are derived from relatively short periods and are likely to underestimate the areas used. This study demonstrates that home-range size can vary substantially in the squirrel glider. This has implications for understanding how this species responds to variation in habitat quality and highlights the need for site-specific studies to inform aspects of management.
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Hassink, Jan, Lenneke Vaandrager, Yvette Buist, and Simone de Bruin. "Characteristics and Challenges for the Development of Nature-Based Adult Day Services in Urban Areas for People with Dementia and Their Family Caregivers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 8 (April 14, 2019): 1337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081337.
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Nature-based adult day services (ADSs) for people with dementia (PwD) are well-known in rural areas. In recent years, a number of providers have started offering these services in urban contexts, e.g., in city farms and community gardens, where people with dementia participate in outdoor activities, such as gardening and caring for animals. At the moment, little is known about these services within an urban context, and the aim of this study is to characterize different types of nature-based ADSs in urban areas for PwD living at home, as well as to identify general and specific challenges with regard to the development of different types of ADSs. An inventory was carried out and 17 ADS providers in urban areas were interviewed about their initiatives, settings, client groups, motivations for starting their nature-based ADS, and their experiences with, competences for, and funding of urban nature-based ADS. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed. Five types of nature-based ADSs were identified: (1) services offered by social entrepreneurs, (2) nursing homes opening their garden to people with dementia, (3) social care organization setting up nature-based, (4) community garden set up by citizens, and (5) hybrid initiatives. Common activities were gardening, preparing meals, and taking care of farm animals. The main activities organized by nursing homes included sitting and walking in the garden and attending presentations and excursions. General challenges included the availability of green urban spaces and acquiring funding for the nature-based services. Initiatives of social entrepreneurs depended strongly on their commitment. Challenges for nursing homes included a lack of commitment among nursing staff, involvement of PwD living at home and a lack of interaction with the neighborhood. Volunteers played a key role in the initiatives organized by social care organizations and in community gardens. However, it was a major challenge to find volunteers who know enough about care and gardening. Specific challenges for the hybrid types were related to differences in work culture between social entrepreneurs and care organizations. Different types of care-oriented and community-oriented nature-based adult day services in urban areas for people with dementia have been developed, facing different types of challenges. Care oriented initiatives like nursing homes opening their garden focus on risk prevention and their nature-based services tended to be less diverse and stimulating for people with dementia living at home. Collaboration between such care-oriented initiatives with initiatives of other types of organizations or social entrepreneurs can lead to more appealing community-oriented nature-based services.
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Mellin, Robert. "The Edible Landscape of a Newfoundland Outport." Open House International 34, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2009-b0011.
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This paper presents the remarkably edible landscape of Tilting, Fogo Island, Newfoundland. Tilting is a Cultural Landscape District (Historic Sites and Monuments Board) and a Registered Heritage District (Heritage Foundation of Newfoundland and Labrador). Tilting has outstanding extant examples of vernacular architecture relating to Newfoundland's inshore fishery, but Tilting was also a farming community despite its challenging sub-arctic climate and exposed North Atlantic coastal location. There was a delicate sustainable balance in all aspects of life and work in Tilting, as demonstrated through a resource-conserving inshore fishery and through finely tuned agricultural and animal husbandry practices. Tilting's landscape was “literally” edible in a way that is unusual for most rural North American communities today. Animals like cows, horses, sheep, goats, and chickens were free to roam and forage for food and fences were used to keep animals out of gardens and hay meadows. This paper documents this dynamic arrangement and situates local agricultural and animal husbandry practices in the context of other communities and regions in outport Newfoundland. It also describes the recent rural Newfoundland transition from a working landscape to a pleasure landscape.
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SILLITOE, PAUL. "AFTER THE ‘AFFLUENT SOCIETY’: COST OF LIVING IN THE PAPUA NEW GUINEA HIGHLANDS ACCORDING TO TIME AND ENERGY EXPENDITURE–INCOME." Journal of Biosocial Science 34, no. 4 (September 24, 2002): 433–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932002004339.
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What is the cost of living in the Papua New Guinea highlands? An answer is sought using a time and energy accounting approach. The subsistence regime of Wola-speaking highlanders, the subjects of this investigation, comprises three components. The principal one is horticulture: people clearing gardens from forest and grassland, with tuberous crops predominating, notably sweet potato. The second component comprises animal rearing, notably of domestic pigs. The third, and least important, is hunting and gathering for food in the forest. The calculated returns on investments in these subsistence domains vary considerably. Gardens return in their crops between ten and fifteen times the energy expended in cultivation. Pigs may also give a good return, of four to five times the energy invested in rearing them, if slaughtered when adult, but people regularly keep animals for years and may incur negative energy returns on their labour investments. This relates to the high cultural premium put on pigs. Foraging for food is also energetically costly, the Wola expending four times more energy on these activities than they gain in return from the food they secure. This analysis of energy gains and losses challenges the relative notion of affluence as applied to foragers, by reviewing it in the comparative context of subsistence horticulture.
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Kyriánová, I. A., J. Drnek, I. Langrová, P. Peřinková, and S. Nechybová. "Gastrointestinal Parasites in Giraffes Kept in Zoological Gardens of the Czech Republic." Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 48, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sab-2017-0019.
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Abstract Parasite prevalence was investigated in giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) housed in six major Czech zoological gardens: Zoo Ostrava, Zoo Dvůr Králové nad Labem, Zoo Liberec, Zoo Olomouc, Zoo Praha, and Zoo Plzeň. In autumn 2012 and in spring 2013, 120 faecal samples from 21 animals were examined using the McMaster egg counting technique. Propagative stages of three parasite groups were discovered, namely eggs of the nematodes of the order Strongylida (prevalence 25.8%), whipworms Trichuris spp. (prevalence 25%), and oocysts of the unicellular coccidia of the genus Eimeria (prevalence 1.7%). The results indicate that captive giraffes in the Czech zoos are not substantially affected by parasitic infection.
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Liu, Hua, Bin Wang, Jianhai Yin, Zhongying Yuan, Yanyan Jiang, Jing Zhang, Jianping Cao, Yujuan Shen, and Hui Liu. "Investigation of giardiasis in captive animals in zoological gardens with strain typing of assemblages in China." Parasitology 148, no. 11 (June 8, 2021): 1360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182021000913.
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Seeley, Joseph, and Aaron Skabelund. "“Bite, Bite against the Iron Cage”: The Ambivalent Dreamscape of Zoos in Colonial Seoul and Taipei." Journal of Asian Studies 79, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 429–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911819001165.
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This article examines the zoological gardens established by Japanese imperialists in colonial Seoul (1908) and Taipei (1914). Drawing on multilingual sources, it argues that zoos explicitly exposed the unequal interethnic and interspecies hierarchies that undergirded the colonial project. The colonial zoo was an ambivalent “dreamscape”: a carefully constructed landscape of iron cages and manicured pathways wherein colonizers’ dreams of ordering the natural world and colonized populations existed in uneasy tension with the actual experiences of zoo visitors and encaged zoo animals. Intellectuals sometimes criticized zoo excesses or identified the bondage of caged animals with the colonized experience. Yet these zoos also enjoyed immense popularity as Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese visitors alike participated in the physical and discursive subjugation of zoo animals. Sensitivity to these contradictions, this essay contends, is essential for understanding both the broader significance of these institutions and their contested legacies today.
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Müller, D. W. H., C. A. Szentiks, and G. Wibbelt. "Polycystic Kidney Disease in Adult Brazilian Agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina)." Veterinary Pathology 46, no. 4 (March 9, 2009): 656–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.08-vp-0107-w-fl.
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During the last 21 years, 7 adult captive Brazilian agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina) from 4 different zoologic gardens were necropsied and histologically examined at the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany. All animals had polycystic kidney disease as the major pathologic change. Except in 1 case, no clinical signs were recognized prior to death. The animals had macroscopic bilateral alterations of the kidneys ranging from granulated surfaces to severe polycystic changes. Microscopic examination revealed multifocal to generalized, moderate to severe cystic dilatations of Bowman's capsules and renal tubules, moderate mesangial and capsular proliferation of the renal corpuscles, mild interstitial fibrosis, and mild to moderate interstitial lympho-plasmacytic infiltrations. Little information is known about the genetic relationships of these animals, but breeding practice indicates a high possibility of inbred agouti zoo populations in Germany. This is the first report on polycystic kidney disease in Brazilian agoutis with possible genetic background.
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Daglio, Daniel Eduardo, Micaela De Lucía, David Gwyn Robinson, and Diego Eduardo Gutiérrez Gregoric. "Ocular tentacle malformation in Deroceras reticulatum (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Agriolimacidae)." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 59 (August 15, 2019): e20195932. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.32.
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Malformations in animals have long been known. In gastropod, natural and induced malformations are mentioned in different systems and in ocular tentacles, mainly linked to cases of parasitism and exposure to pollutants (molluscicides and chemicals). In this study we present a new malformation not documented in the ocular tentacles of slug Deroceras reticulatum that could be due to the action of pesticides. This malformation in D. reticulatum is the first malformation to be mentioned for South America in nursery gardens.
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Finch, Domhnall, Bethany R. Smith, Charlotte Marshall, Frazer G. Coomber, Laura M. Kubasiewicz, Max Anderson, Patrick G. R. Wright, and Fiona Mathews. "Effects of Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) on European Hedgehog Activity at Supplementary Feeding Stations." Animals 10, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10050768.
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Artificial light at night (ALAN) can have negative consequences for a wide range of taxa. However, the effects on nocturnal mammals other than bats are poorly understood. A citizen science camera trapping experiment was therefore used to assess the effect of ALAN on the activity of European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) at supplementary feeding stations in UK gardens. A crossover design was implemented at 33 gardens with two treatments—artificial light and darkness—each of which lasted for one week. The order of treatment depended on the existing lighting regime at the feeding station: dark treatments were applied first at dark feeding stations, whereas light treatments were used first where the station was already illuminated. Although temporal changes in activity patterns in response to the treatments were noted in some individuals, the direction of the effects was not consistent. Similarly, there was no overall impact of ALAN on the presence or feeding activities of hedgehogs in gardens where supplementary feeding stations were present. These findings are somewhat reassuring insofar as they demonstrate no net negative effect on a species thought to be in decline, in scenarios where the animals are already habituated to supplementary feeding. However, further research is needed to examine long-term effects and the effects of lighting on hedgehog prey, reproductive success and predation risk.
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Figurová, Mária, Valent Ledecký, and Svetoslav Štvrtina. "In vivo Evaluation of Marginal Microgaps of Sheep Incisors filled with Two Composite Materials." Acta Veterinaria Brno 78, no. 4 (2009): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200978040649.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the marginal microgaps of two light-induced polymerization composite materials: Filtek P60 (3M ESPE) and Opticor New (Spofa Dental) in ovine teeth in vivo. The restorative materials were placed to type A-cavity to buccal surfaces of permanent teeth (Triadan system 301, 302, 303, 401, 402, 403). The variables of composite materials were evaluated in 3 groups of animals, 2 animals in each, at different time intervals (1, 6 and 9 months after beginning of the experiment). In various time intervals, 12 teeth per group were extracted under general injection anaesthesia, 6 teeth from each animal). Altogether 36 teeth were extracted throughout the experiment. During the experiment we observed neither cracks nor marginal discoloration in both Filtek P60 and Opticor New restorations. Retention of all restorations was 100%. Significant (P = 0.029 ANOVA) differences were observed in the dentin with Filtek P60 packable restorations which exhibited smaller marginal microgaps (OPTICOR NEW and dentin 11.09 mm, FILTEK P60 and dentin 5.64 μm). The mean size of microgaps between dentin and the packable composite material Filtek P60 was significantly lower (P = 0.029 ANOVA) in comparison with the microhybrid Opticor New composite restorations. These materials are suitable as permanent restoration of dental cervical caries in sheep and other herbivores, such as those kept in zoological gardens and companion animals.
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YUZAMMI, YUZAMMI. "The diversity of aroids (Araceae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Collection, conservation and utilization." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190121.
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Yuzammi. 2018. The diversity of aroids (Araceae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Collection, conservation and utilization. Biodiversitas 19: 140-152. Bogor Botanic Gardens is an ex-situ conservation centre, covering an area of 87 ha, with 12,376 plant specimens, collected from Indonesia and other tropical countries throughout the world. One of the richest collections in the Gardens comprises members of the aroid family (Araceae). The aroids are planted in several garden beds as well as in the nursery. They have been collected from the time of the Dutch era until now. These collections were obtained from botanical explorations throughout the forests of Indonesia and through seed exchange with botanic gardens around the world. Several of the Bogor aroid collections represent ‘living types’, such as Scindapsus splendidus Alderw., Scindapsus mamilliferus Alderw. and Epipremnum falcifolium Engl. These have survived in the garden from the time of their collection up until the present day. There are many aroid collections in the Gardens that have potentialities not widely recognised. The aim of this study is to reveal the diversity of aroids species in the Bogor Botanic Gardens, their scientific value, their conservation status, and their potential as ornamental plants, medicinal plants and food. The methods of the research include direct observation in the garden and nursery collections, analysis of the Gardens’ long-term registration database, as well as herbarium studies in both the Herbarium Bogoriense and the Gardens’own herbarium. A total of 130 species of aroids belonging to 36 genera have been cultivated in the Bogor Botanic Gardens. It is estimated that the gardens has 29% of the total number of genera in the world (21 genera are native to Indonesia). The aroid collection consists of terrestrial plants, aquatic plants and climbing plants (61 species, 12 species and 57 species, respectively). Amorphophallus paeoniifolius has developed further as a food plant. Genera such as Aglaonema, Alocasia, Apoballis, Rhaphidophora and Scindapsus have long been used as ornamental plants. Futhermore, some Homalomena species can be extracted for essential oils, while Epipremnum pinnatum has application in the treatment of cancer. Descriptions of some endemic, rare and high value species are discussed in this paper.
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Plimmer, H. G. "On the Blood-Parasites found in Animals in the Zoological Gardens during the four years 1908-1911." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 82, no. 2 (August 21, 2009): 406–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1912.tb07026.x.
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Hrnková, Johana, Irena Schneiderová, Marina Golovchenko, Libor Grubhoffer, Natalie Rudenko, and Jiří Černý. "Role of Zoo-Housed Animals in the Ecology of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens—A Review." Pathogens 10, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020210.
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Ticks are ubiquitous ectoparasites, feeding on representatives of all classes of terrestrial vertebrates and transmitting numerous pathogens of high human and veterinary medical importance. Exotic animals kept in zoological gardens, ranches, wildlife parks or farms may play an important role in the ecology of ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs), as they may serve as hosts for local tick species. Moreover, they can develop diseases of varying severity after being infected by TBPs, and theoretically, can thus serve as reservoirs, thereby further propagating TBPs in local ecosystems. The definite role of these animals in the tick–host-pathogen network remains poorly investigated. This review provides a summary of the information currently available regarding ticks and TBPs in connection to captive local and exotic wildlife, with an emphasis on zoo-housed species.
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Pavlik, I., M. Machackova, W. Yayo Ayele, J. Lamka, I. Parmova, I. Melicharek, M. Hanzlikova, et al. "Incidence of bovine tuberculosis in wild and domestic animals other than cattle in six Central European countries during 1990–1999." Veterinární Medicína 47, No. 5 (March 30, 2012): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5815-vetmed.
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The study was undertaken in Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia laying between Baltic and Adriatic seas on 610 402 km<sup>2</sup>. Mycobacterium bovis infection was diagnosed in 70 animals belonging to 17 species other than cattle. The set of wild animals comprised 12 European bison (Bison bonasus), one red deer (Cervus elaphus), five wild boars (Sus scrofa), and one European wild goat (Capra aegagrus) bred in a game park. Further positive animals included two farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) and one bactrian camel (Camelus ferus) owned by a circus. The infection was also demonstrated in 18 domestic animals belonging to 3 species living on farms where bovine tuberculosis was diagnosed in cattle. This set included 12 domestic pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica), two domestic sheep (Ovis ammon f. aries), and four dogs (Canis lupus f. familiaris). The set of animals bred in zoological gardens consisted of 30 animals belonging to 9 species as follows: three bison (Bison bison), four tapirs (Tapirus terrestris), one cassowary (Casuarius casuarius – isolate identified by the biological assay in guinea pigs only), eight sitatungas (Tragelaphus spekei), three elands (Taurotragus oryx), one gnu (Connochaetes taurinus), eight reticulated giraffes (Giraffa cameloparadlis reticulata), one puma (Puma concolor), and one Vietnamese pot-bellied pig (Sus bucculentus). Although, considering the population sizes, absolute numbers of the infected individuals are rather low, wild animals or such animals bred in captivity should be regarded as possible reservoirs of the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis. Tests for bovine tuberculosis are therefore necessary before transportation of all wild animals. Any lesion arousing suspicion of tuberculosis found on necropsy of wild animals must be laboratory examined for the presence of mycobacteria.
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Igbou, Gueu Noël. "Représentations sociales et usages des jardins publics dans la commune de Treichville (Côte d’Ivoire)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 17, no. 27 (August 31, 2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n27p149.
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Les jardins publics sont des espaces verts urbains qui ont pour vocation l’agrément et le loisir des citadins. Ces espaces assurent pleinement ces fonctions lorsque les usages dont ils font l’objet par les populations sont conformes à ceux assignés par les urbanistes. Dans l’agglomération abidjanaise en général, et particulièrement dans la commune de Treichville, les usages premiers auxquels les jardins publics étaient destinés sont détournés à d’autres fins par les populations. Les jardins existants font l’objet d’occupation anarchique. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser les pratiques liées aux représentations sociales que les populations ont des jardins publics à Treichville. Ces pratiques sont perceptibles à travers les usages de ces espaces verts. La démarche méthodologique a consisté à l’observation directe des jardins publics et à l’entretien semi-directif. Les résultats révèlent que les jardins font l’objet d’usage spontané et illégal par les populations. Ces espaces sont transformés d’une part en lieux de pratique d’activités lucratives, de dépotoir d’ordure et d’aisances, de séchage de linges et d’aliments. D’autre part, ils sont transformés en lieux de parcours d’animaux, d’habitation, de refuge des bandits et en terrains de jeux. Ces usages entrainent la dégradation de ces équipements urbains. L’éducation à l’environnement de la population, une importance accordée aux jardins publics dans toute politique environnementale et d’aménagement du cadre de vie des pouvoirs publics permettraient la préservation de ces infrastructures.
Public gardens are urban green spaces intended for the enjoyment and leisure of city dwellers. These spaces fully perform these functions when the uses to which they are subject by the populations comply with those assigned by town planners. In the Abidjan agglomeration in general, and particularly in the township of Treichville, the primary uses for which the public gardens were intended are being diverted to other ends by the population. The existing gardens are subject to anarchic occupation. The objective of this study is to analyse the practices linked to the social representations that the populations have of public gardens in Treichville. The practices are perceptible through the uses of these green spaces. The methodological approach consisted of direct observation of public gardens and semi-structured interview. The results reveal that the gardens are subject to spontaneous and illegal use by the populations. On the one hand, these spaces are transformed into places for practicing lucrative activities, dumping ground for garbage and toilets, drying clothes and food. On the other hand, they are transformed into places where animals can roam, dwellings, refuge for bandits and playgrounds. These uses lead to the degradation of these urban amenities. Environmental education of the population, an importance given to public gardens in any environmental policy and the development of the living environment of the public authorities would allow the preservation of these infrastructures.
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Cavallero, Serena, Margherita Montalbano Di Filippo, Silvia Rondón, Claudio De Liberato, Stefano D’Amelio, Klaus G. Friedrich, and Federica Berrilli. "Nuclear and Mitochondrial Data on Trichuris from Macaca fuscata Support Evidence of Host Specificity." Life 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11010018.
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Whipworms are parasitic intestinal nematodes infecting mammals, and traditionally humans and other primates that have so far been considered infected by Trichuris trichiura. Recent molecular studies report a more complex scenario suggesting the presence of a species complex with several Trichuris taxa specifically infecting only one primate species as well as taxa able to infect a range of primate species. The systematics of the group is important for taxonomic inference, to estimate the relative zoonotic potential, and for conservation purposes. In fact, captive animals living in zoological gardens are usually infected by persistent monoxenous intestinal parasites. Here, two Japanese macaques living in the Bioparco Zoological Garden of Rome were found infected by Trichuris sp. Nematodes were characterized at the molecular level using nuclear (btub and 18S) and mitochondrial (16S and cytb) markers and then compared to Trichuris collected previously in the same location, and to other Trichuris infecting primates. Evidences from mitochondrial and nuclear markers allowed for the identification of Trichuris sp. specific to Macaca fuscata. Results obtained here also described a uniform taxonomic unit of Trichuris, separated but closely related to Trichuris trichiura, thus, emphasizing its zoonotic potential for workers and visitors.
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Kraisitudomsook, Nattapol, and Matthew E. Smith. "Bird’s Nest Fungi: Charismatic Mushrooms in Your Garden." EDIS 2021, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-pp361-2020.
Full textAbstract:
The “bird’s nest” fungi (Nidulariaceae) are charismatic mushrooms that look like small nests containing multiple tiny eggs. Because the ecological role of bird’s nest fungi is to decompose wood, they are extremely common in disturbed areas with plant debris and mulch, such as trails and backyard gardens. These fungi tend to grow in large clusters, so it is common to see ten to a hundred of these “nests” at once. Bird’s nest fungi are not considered dangerous to plants, animals, or humans. This new 3-page publication of the UF/IFAS Plant Pathology Department was written by Nattapol Kraisitudomsook and Matthew E. Smith.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp361
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OXBERRY, S. L., D. J. TROTT, and D. J. HAMPSON. "Serpulina pilosicoli, waterbirds and water: potential sources of infection for humans and other animals." Epidemiology and Infection 121, no. 1 (August 1998): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268898008863.
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Serpulina pilosicoli was isolated from 8 of 43 (19%) faecal specimens obtained from feral waterbirds sampled around a small lake at Perth Zoological Gardens, Western Australia, and from 3 of 7 (43%) samples of the lake water. The organism was only isolated from 1 of 204 (0·5%) samples from captive birds and animals in the zoological collection. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis of the isolates showed that they were genetically diverse, and none had identical electrophoretic profiles as those previously obtained from human beings, dogs, pigs and other avian species. To determine the survival time of S. pilosicoli in water, cells of strain 1648 were seeded into lake and tap water, and incubated at 4, 25 and 37°C. The organism could be recultured from lake water for up to 66 days at 4°C, and for 4 days at 25°C. A healthy human volunteer who drank water seeded with S. pilosicoli strain Wes B became colonized, and developed abdominal discomfort and headaches. Contamination of water by faeces may represent a source of S. pilosicoli infection for both humans and animals.
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ARAÚJO, ANTÔNIO C., JULIA J. DIDONET, CAROLINA S. ARAÚJO, PATRÍCIA G. SALETTI, TÂNIA R. J. BORGES, and VALDIR F. PESSOA. "Color vision in the black howler monkey (Alouatta caraya)." Visual Neuroscience 25, no. 3 (May 2008): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523808080292.
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Electrophysiological and molecular genetic studies have shown that howler monkeys (Alouatta) are unique among all studied platyrrhines: they have the potential to display trichromatic color vision among males and females. This study examined the color discrimination abilities of four howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) through a series of tasks involving a behavioral paradigm of discrimination learning. The animals were maintained and housed as a group in the Zoological Gardens of Brasília and were tested in their own home cages. Stimuli consisting of pairs of Munsell color chips were presented in random brightness values to assure that discriminations were based on color rather than brightness cues. All the animals (three males, one female) successfully discriminated all the stimulus pairs, including those that would be expected to be difficult for a dichromatic monkey. These results are consistent with the earlier predictions suggesting that howler monkeys are routinely trichromatic.
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LY-TIO-FANE, MADELEINE. "A reconnaissance of tropical resources during Revolutionary years: the role of the Paris Museum d'Histoire Naturelle." Archives of Natural History 18, no. 3 (October 1991): 333–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1991.18.3.333.
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SUMMARY The recent extensive literature on exploration and the resulting scientific advances has failed to highlight the contribution of Austrian enterprise to the study of natural history. The leading role of Joseph II among the neutral powers which assumed the carrying trade of the belligerents during the American War of Independence, furthered the development of collections for the Schönbrunn Park and Gardens which had been set up on scientific principles by his parents. On the conclusion of peace, Joseph entrusted to Professor Maerter a world-encompassing mission in the course of which the Chief Gardener Franz Boos and his assistant Georg Scholl travelled to South Africa to collect plants and animals. Boos pursued the mission to Isle de France and Bourbon (Mauritius and Reunion), conveyed by the then unknown Nicolas Baudin. He worked at the Jardin du Roi, Pamplemousses, with Nicolas Cere, or at Palma with Joseph Francois Charpentier de Cossigny. The linkage of Austrian and French horticultural expertise created a situation fraught with opportunities which were to lead Baudin to the forefront of exploration and scientific research as the century closed in the upheaval of the Revolutionary Wars.