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Journal articles on the topic 'Animals in research'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 June 2025

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1

Bailey, Matthew R. "Love Animals? Support Animal Research." Lab Animal 47, no. 2 (2018): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/laban.1398.

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2

Pritchett-Corning, Kathleen R. "Environmental Complexity and Research Outcomes." ILAR Journal 60, no. 2 (2019): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilaa007.

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Abstract Environmental complexity is an experimental paradigm as well as a potential part of animals’ everyday housing experiences. In experimental uses, researchers add complexity to stimulate brain development, delay degenerative brain changes, elicit more naturalistic behaviors, and test learning and memory. Complexity can exacerbate or mitigate behavioral problems, give animals a sense of control, and allow for expression of highly driven, species-typical behaviors that can improve animal welfare. Complex environments should be designed thoughtfully with the animal’s natural behaviors in mind, reported faithfully in the literature, and evaluated carefully for unexpected effects.
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3

Watts, J. M. "Animats: computer-simulated animals in behavioral research." Journal of Animal Science 76, no. 10 (1998): 2596. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1998.76102596x.

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4

Martin, Angela K. "Animal Research that Respects Animal Rights: Extending Requirements for Research with Humans to Animals." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 31, no. 1 (2022): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180121000499.

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AbstractThe purpose of this article is to show that animal rights are not necessarily at odds with the use of animals for research. If animals hold basic moral rights similar to those of humans, then we should consequently extend the ethical requirements guiding research with humans to research with animals. The article spells out how this can be done in practice by applying the seven requirements for ethical research with humans proposed by Ezekiel Emanuel, David Wendler, and Christine Grady to animal research. These requirements are (1) social value, (2) scientific validity, (3) independent review, (4) fair subject selection, (5) favorable risk–benefit ratio, (6) informed consent, and (7) respect for research subjects. In practice, this means that we must reform the practice of animal research to make it more similar to research with humans, rather than completely abolish the former. Indeed, if we ban animal research altogether, then we would also deprive animals of its potential benefits—which would be ethically problematic.
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5

Antonenko, T. V., S. V. Pysarev, and A. V. Matsyura. "Cluster analysis in ethological research." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 11, no. 2 (2021): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2021_65.

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Big cats are often on display in zoos around the world. The study of their time budget is the basis of ethological research in captivity. The paper considers the features of the behavior of the subfamily Pantherinae, the daily activity of animals in the summer, methods of keeping, the exposition of enclosures, and relationships with keepers. The studies were conducted in the summer of 2012 and 2013 at the Barnaul Zoo. The total observation time for the animals was 120 hours. The behavior of the African lion (Panthera leo leo – male), the Ussuri tiger (Panthera tigris altaica – female), and the Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis – male) has been studied. In the course of the work, the compilation of ethograms, continuous recording, and free observations were used. The clustering method was applied to analyze the patterns of behavior of animals in captivity. Cluster analysis breaks down the behavior of captivities animals into two large blocks. Locomotion in animals should be considered as a separate block. The animal’s growth and development period require a high proportion of physical activity, which is noticeable when observing the Amur tiger. Locomotion occupied 32.8% of the total time budget of this animal. Large cats have never been in a shelter (in wooden structures of the appropriate size). They used the roof of the houses only as a place for rest and observation. The proportion of marking, hunting, eating, exploratory behavior, grooming, and such forms of behavior as freezing, static position, orienting reaction did not differ significantly. Play behavior with elements of hunting and manipulative activity took 5.5% of the Amur tiger’s time budget for the period under review. We associate this primarily with the age of the given animal. Play behavior was observed two times less often in the Far Eastern leopard (2.9%) and African lion (2.6%)..
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6

Maharani, Ni Putu Radela, Nur Ashfiya Fadlyah, Dyah Ayu Woro Setyaningrum, and Nany Hairunisa. "Effects of Euthanasia on Animal Research." Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Journal 6, no. 1 (2024): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.vetbioclinj.2024.006.01.6.

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The use of experimental animals is widely conducted in the medical field, both for research on the processes of disease occurrence (pathogenesis), the causes of disease (etiology), and research on therapy. Therefore, it is important to understand how euthanasia in experimental animals affects the integrity of the sample and its influence on research results. This article was compiled from several literature sources searched from Google Schoolar and PubMed published within the last 10 years, with keywords such as "code of ethics in experimental animals", "methods of euthanasia in experimental animals", "overdose anesthesia methods in animal euthanasia", "barbiturate injection methods in rats", "inhalation methods in animal euthanasia", "biochemical effects of euthanasia", and "histological effects of euthanasia". This paper discusses euthanasia methods, namely overdose anesthesia, inhalation, and injection. This paper aims to discuss how the method of euthanasia and the choice of drugs can impact the biochemical and histological changes in animals after the euthanasia process. Choosing the right euthanasia method is essential, as the species of animals involved and the research goals are considered. Using methods that align with the biological characteristics and behavior of the animals can help ensure the success of the research while also considering ethical aspects and animal welfare.
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7

Thomas, W. D., Penelope M. Koines, Carlyn Speed, and Michael P. Finerty. "Animals and Research." BioScience 38, no. 5 (1988): 308–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310728.

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8

Whittaker, D. "Animals in research." Veterinary Record 133, no. 3 (1993): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.133.3.76-a.

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9

Binkowski, Gloria J. "Animals in research." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 195, no. 3 (1989): 289–90. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.1989.195.03.289.

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10

Shirley, John B., Susan J. H. Daly, Bruce Max Feldmann, James R. Pick, Sandra E. Bressler, and Eric K. Dunayer. "Animals in research." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 194, no. 7 (1989): 860–62. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.1989.194.07.860b.

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11

RALSTON, H. J., and DIANE DALY RALSTON. "Animals in research." Nature 353, no. 6347 (1991): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/353788a0.

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12

LOVE, JAMIE. "Animals in research." Nature 353, no. 6347 (1991): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/353788b0.

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13

Burns, R. "Animals in research." Academic Medicine 64, no. 12 (1989): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-198912000-00018.

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14

Rowan, A. N. "Animals in research." Cardiovascular Research 29, no. 4 (1995): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6363(96)88538-5.

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15

Will, James A. "Animals in research." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 112, no. 5 (2019): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0141076819833905.

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16

Blakemore, Colin, Kenneth Boyd, and Les Ward. "Research involving animals." Nature 374, no. 6524 (1995): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/374670a0.

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17

Slaney, G. "Animals in research." BMJ 290, no. 6473 (1985): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.290.6473.1007.

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18

Smith, Steven J. "Animals in Research." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 259, no. 13 (1988): 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03720130071033.

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19

Rowan, A. "Animals in research." Cardiovascular Research 29, no. 4 (1995): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6363(96)88538-5.

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20

Smith, S. J. "Animals in research." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 259, no. 13 (1988): 2007–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.259.13.2007.

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21

Kaufman, Stephen R. "Animals in Research." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 262, no. 24 (1989): 3404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1989.03430240038015.

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22

Katz, Sara Katherine. "Animals in Research." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 262, no. 24 (1989): 3404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1989.03430240038016.

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23

Koch, Janna. "Animals in Research." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 260, no. 14 (1988): 2061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03410140073013.

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24

Pratt, Dallas. "Animals in Research." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 260, no. 14 (1988): 2061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03410140073014.

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25

Greenwold, B. "Animals in Research." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 260, no. 14 (1988): 2061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03410140073015.

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26

Ramirez, Colin. "Animals in Research." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 260, no. 14 (1988): 2062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03410140073016.

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27

Jackson, David M. "Animals in Research." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 260, no. 14 (1988): 2062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03410140073017.

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28

Hatcher, Elizabeth R. "Animals in Research." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 260, no. 14 (1988): 2062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03410140073018.

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29

Poulton, Thomas J. "Animals in Research." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 260, no. 14 (1988): 2063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03410140073019.

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30

Barnard, Neal D. "Animals in Research." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 260, no. 14 (1988): 2063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03410140073020.

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31

Harrington, John T. "Animals in Research." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 260, no. 14 (1988): 2064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03410140073021.

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32

Lunney, Daniel. "Ethics and Australian mammalogy: reflections on 15 years (1991 - 2006) on an Animal Ethics Committee." Australian Mammalogy 34, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am10010.

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This essay on field mammalogy and research ethics presents my reflections on 15 years as a researcher sitting on an Animal Ethics Committee in New South Wales. It outlines the community debate on animal welfare and the ethics of research on animals, how government has responded, and how wildlife researchers can move forward in this arena. Three schools are identified within the animal protection movement: ‘animal welfare’ holds that it is legitimate to use animals as a resource, so long as that use is ‘necessary’ and the animal’s suffering ‘minimised’; ‘animal liberationists’ are likely to oppose most animal research; the ‘animal rights’ position is firmly abolitionist. The instruments that regulate research involving animals are examined, in particular the New South Wales Animal Research Act 1985, the Australian code of practice for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes, and Animal Ethics Committees. Examples of ethical dilemmas involving both native and non-native animals are discussed. The debate over animals in research will continue, and it is clear that far more can be gained by engaging in the debate than avoiding it. It is in researchers’ interests to publicly defend the essential role of science in conserving our native fauna, and to conduct our work within a well managed welfare framework.
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33

Jirkof, Paulin, Juliane Rudeck, and Lars Lewejohann. "Assessing Affective State in Laboratory Rodents to Promote Animal Welfare—What Is the Progress in Applied Refinement Research?" Animals 9, no. 12 (2019): 1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9121026.

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An animal’s capacity to suffer is a prerequisite for any animal welfare concern, and the minimization of suffering is a key aim of refinement research. In contrast to the traditional focus on avoiding or reducing negative welfare states, modern animal welfare concepts highlight the importance of promoting positive welfare states in laboratory animals. Reliable assessments of affective states, as well as the knowledge of how to elicit positive affective states, are central to this concept. Important achievements have been made to assess pain and other negative affective states in animals in the last decades, but it is only recently that the neurobiology of positive emotions in humans and animals has been gaining more interest. Thereby, the need for promotion of positive affective states for laboratory animals is gaining more acceptance, and methods allowing the assessment of affective states in animals have been increasingly introduced. In this overview article, we present common and emerging methods to assess affective states in laboratory rodents. We focus on the implementation of these methods into applied refinement research to identify achieved progress as well as the future potential of these tools to improve animal welfare in animal-based research.
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34

Rafique, Zoheb. "Animal Rights and Use of Animals in Biomedical Research." Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 6, no. 1 (2015): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v6i1.24399.

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Experiments on animals have always been considered as necessary for scientific research, both fundamental and applied. In addition to scientific suitability criteria, this practice also must be justified from a moral point of view. This concern arises from the demand of our civilization that a certain moral value be recognized to animals. In this paper it is discussed in detail that how animals should be handled while doing research and what are animal rights and their uses in biomedical research.Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2015 Vol.6 (1):11-14
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35

Karunarathna, Ureshani, Piumika Yapa, A. A. I. S. Menike, et al. "Religion-Based Perspective and Influences on Use of Animals in Research." Journal of Laboratory Animal Science 7, no. 2 (2024): 61–73. https://doi.org/10.48165/jlas.2024.7.2.5.

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All religions are concerned with the care and welfare of animals, paying respect to the animals. Beliefs and attitudes towards animals that are based on religious and cultural perspectives play an important role in human-animal relationships. Christian attitudes have been impacted by Western philosophical consideration of human-animal relationships, whereas Eastern religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam) and their teachings impose varying values on the existence of animals. Even though their justifications affect the views of individuals and their feelings toward animal testing, scientists continue to employ animals in their research. Even though it is impossible to underestimate the worth of a life, this article describes the religious perspectives on animal existence and harming to animals.
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36

Luo, Shiqi, and Zhouhao Sun. "Research on stray animal tort liability." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 25 (January 26, 2024): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/6e56mx83.

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With the increase of the total number of pets, abandoned pets have become more and more common, and gradually exposed the existing problems of stray animals in our country. This paper will discuss the concept of stray animal tort liability, the current situation of stray animals, the reference of excellent systems outside the region and the measures to improve stray animal tort liability in the four aspects of our country's stray animal tort liability, and explore a reasonable and scientific governance system combined with our country's actual situation, so as to truly protect the legitimate rights and interests of those infringed by stray animals.
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37

Banu, Sarah `., and Jaiganesh Ramamurthy. "ROLE OF ANIMAL MODELS IN PERIODONTAL RESEARCH - A REVIEW." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 7 (2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i7.25780.

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Periodontal diseases require treatment at an early stage to prevent further damage and aggravation of the disease. The most commonly seen periodontal diseases are gingivitis and periodontitis. Animals have contributed a major role in studying the different periodontal diseases and providing a proper treatment. Periodontal diseases are either induced in these experimental animal models or can be seen naturally. Different drugs are tested on the animals induced by the disease to find the most effective treatment for that particular disease. Different animals such as mice, rats, pigs, rabbits, hamsters, and rodents are used for the periodontal research. Different animals show a different reaction while some animals show no reaction. Each animal has its own advantages and disadvantages. The use of large animals brings a limitation in the due to its housing difficulties. Animals for periodontal research are chosen depending on their similarity with that of human anatomy and physiology. The use of these animals will help to replicate the disease seen in humans in a better and more accurate way. This will improve the treatment outcome and the prognosis of the disease. The drugs used can, hence, give a better idea about the effect it would have on the human body depending on the effects it shows on the animal models. Hence, the use of appropriate animals for the periodontal research is important to design a better treatment for these diseases. Hence, animal models play an important role in the periodontal research.
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38

MATSUMOTO, Naoya. "We Research with Captive Animals for Human and Animal." Japanese Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 23, no. 3 (2018): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5686/jjzwm.23.53.

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39

Zwart, H. A. E. "The Birth of a Research Animal: Ibsen's The Wild Duck and the Origin of a New Animal Science." Environmental Values 9, no. 1 (2000): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096327190000900106.

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What role does the wild duck play in Ibsen's famous drama? I argue that, besides mirroring the fate of the human cast members, the duck is acting as animal subject in a quasi-experiment, conducted in a private setting. Analysed from this perspective, the play allows us to discern the epistemological and ethical dimensions of the new scientific animal practice (systematic observation of animal behaviour under artificial conditions) emerging precesely at that time. Ibsen's play stages the clash between a scientific and a romantic understanding of animals that still constitutes the backdrop of most contemporary debates over animals in research. Whereas the scientific understanding reduces the animal's behaviour, as well as its environment, to discrete and modifiable elements, the romantic view regards animals as being at one with (or violently disconnected from) their natural surroundings.
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40

Stokes, WS. "Animals and the 3Rs in toxicology research and testing." Human & Experimental Toxicology 34, no. 12 (2015): 1297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327115598410.

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Despite efforts to eliminate the use of animals in testing and the availability of many accepted alternative methods, animals are still widely used for toxicological research and testing. While research using in vitro and computational models has dramatically increased in recent years, such efforts have not yet measurably impacted animal use for regulatory testing and are not likely to do so for many years or even decades. Until regulatory authorities have accepted test methods that can totally replace animals and these are fully implemented, large numbers of animals will continue to be used and many will continue to experience significant pain and distress. In order to positively impact the welfare of these animals, accepted alternatives must be implemented, and efforts must be directed at eliminating pain and distress and reducing animal numbers. Animal pain and distress can be reduced by earlier predictive humane endpoints, pain-relieving medications, and supportive clinical care, while sequential testing and routine use of integrated testing and decision strategies can reduce animal numbers. Applying advances in science and technology to the development of scientifically sound alternative testing models and strategies can improve animal welfare and further reduce and replace animal use.
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41

DONTA (Ι. ΔΟΝΤΑ), I. "Experimental biomedical research: achievements and future aims." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 60, no. 3 (2017): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.14926.

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An invaluable amount of knowledge and enormous progress in the advancement of human health, longevity and quality of life has been achieved by biomedical research throughout the ages. Most of the achievements were accomplished by research on animals and more recently, on laboratory animals. Progress in the production of drugs, vaccines, sera, antibiotics, surgical techniques and materials, diagnostic and therapeutic methods, and many more, was reached by their safety and efficacy testing on laboratory animals, prior to their application on humans. The achievements resulting from this research are applied both in humans and in animals. Experimental biomedical research is currently conducted in animal models of human diseases, invertebrates and with alternative methods to the use of animals. Its future aims are to solve existing and emerging health threats and to increase gene therapy, with the concomitant application of the three Rs principles of animal use - replacement, reduction and refinement.
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42

Nurunnabi, Abu Sadat Mohammad, Rokhsana Dil Afroz, and Salman Nur Alam. "Ethical Debate on Animal Research." Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 4, no. 3 (2013): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v4i3.17373.

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Animal research or animal testing is done worldwide, where vertebrate animals, from zebrafish to non-human primates, millions in number are used annually. The practice is regulated to various degrees in different countries. Scientists and science authorities still have their arguments to justify animal testing. However, dialogues and protests are also evident against it. Awareness and campaign in recent years has made scientists and governments make statement that animal testing should cause as little suffering to animals as possible and that animal tests should only be performed where necessary. We should also look into the matter deeply and compassionately. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v4i3.17373 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2013; 4(3):11-18
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43

Kil, Hye-Bin. "PetTube Animals, devenir-character and becoming a story: Characterization and storytelling of animals in Youtube." K-Culture·Story Contents Reasearch Institute 2 (January 31, 2023): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.56659/kcsc.2023.1.59.

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PetTube is new kind of contents created with the progression of digital media. Pets are re-created in PetTube as a member of the community and a special being with own individuality and identity. Based on the tendency of portraying animals, this research analyzed the process of characterization and storytelling of animals on PetTube. Character semiotics and ‘Devenir-’ theory of Gilles Deleuze and Pierre-Féix Guattari was used as methods to interpret how animals are described in Youtube channels. Animal is the core of PetTube. Animals are described as a humanlike being and constantly form a relation with internal and external elements of the video. Former is ‘devenir-character’, which makes animals deviate from the fixed form of ‘animal’. Animals become character by associating language and consciousness to the animal’s appearance. Latter is storytelling of Ritornello, which is done through five patterns of interaction: with human, animal, object, oneself and perspective. Repetition of action and reaction of animals within the interaction forms devenir-character’s intrinsic domain. This paper has pioneering significance in PetTube research area for analyzing contents based on character and storytelling. Although the animal had become the main source of contents for a long time on Youtube, the research related to PetTube is still insufficient. It provides an implication to the contents researchers. This research can be the trigger and an indicator for follow-up researchers to diversify the topic related to PetTube and animal contents.
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44

Hemsworth, P. H. "The biological basis of animals’ responses to man." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600021577.

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With the exception of the immediate family, many humans interact more with domesticated animals than they do with other humans. These interactions are often frequent and intense and consequently complex and strong social relationships can be formed between humans and domesticated animals. Results of recent research on the interactions between humans and farm animals indicate some surprising and substantial consequences for the animals and the objective of this paper is to review some of this recent research, particularly that concerned with the biological basis of the response of farm animals to humans. The results of recent research by my colleagues and I, particularly on commercial pigs, will be utilized heavily in this paper.In intensive animal production the animal frequently has to respond to the presence of humans and to handling by humans. One of the main motivations of the animal which will determine the animal's response to humans is fear. Although there is debate concerning the concept and measurement of fear, we have adopted a functional approach in studying the behavioural responses of farm animals to humans.
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45

Cassaday, Helen J., Lucy Cavenagh, Hiruni Aluthgamage, et al. "Attitudes to the use of animals in biomedical research: Effects of stigma and selected research project summaries." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (2023): e0290232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290232.

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Three groups of participants (largely recruited from the UK) completed a survey to examine attitudes to the use of animals in biomedical research, after reading the lay (N = 182) or technical (N = 201) summary of a research project, or no summary (N = 215). They then completed a survey comprising the animal attitude (AAS), animal purpose (APQ), belief in animal mind (BAM) and empathy quotient (EQ) scales. The APQ was adapted to assess attitudes towards the use of animals for research into disorders selected to be perceived as controllable and so ‘blameworthy’ and potentially stigmatised (addiction and obesity) and ‘psychological’ (schizophrenia and addiction) versus ‘physical’ (cardiovascular disease and obesity), across selected species (rats, mice, fish pigs and monkeys). Thus, the APQ was used to examine how the effects of perceived controllability and the nature of the disorder affected attitudes to animal use, in different species and in the three summary groups. As expected, attitudes to animal use as measured by the AAS and the APQ (total) correlated positively with BAM and EQ scores, consistent with the assumption that the scales all measured pro-welfare attitudes. Participants in the two research summary groups did not differentiate the use of rats, mice and fish (or fish and pigs in the technical summary group), whereas all species were differentiated in the no summary group. Participants given the lay summary were as concerned about the use of animals for schizophrenia as for addiction research. APQ ratings otherwise indicated more concern for animals used for addiction research (and for obesity compared to cardiovascular disease in all summary groups). Therefore, the information provided by a research project summary influenced attitudes to use of animals in biomedical research. However, there was no overall increase in agreement with animal use in either of the summary groups.
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46

Brown, Marilyn J., Phillip T. Pearson, and Farol N. Tomson. "Guidelines for animal surgery in research and teaching." American Journal of Veterinary Research 54, no. 9 (1993): 1544–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1993.54.09.1544.

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Executive Summary The direct or delegated authority for activities involving animals used in research and teaching programs lies with the attending veterinarian. These duties and responsibilities cannot be abrogated by others in the organization. The veterinarian is the single individual with the broadest range of knowledge of animals used in biomedical research, testing, and teaching. Federal regulations and policy require that the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IA-CUC) ensure that the use of animals will be ethically justifiable and humane and that all individuals who perform surgery on animals will be appropriately qualified and trained. The attending veterinarian also has specific responsibilities under law and must take an active role in providing this assurance. In recognition of this, the Council on Research of the AVMA created a Panel on Animal Surgery in Research and Teachinga to develop a report on guidelines for performing animal surgery in a research or teaching setting. Drafts of the panel report were sent through an extensive review process that included representative groups in veterinary medicine, human health, government, biomedical research, and animal welfare. The report of the panel was referred to the American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners (ASLAP). As an organization, the major focus of which is the role of the veterinarian in research using animals, it is appropriate that the ASLAP further refine this report into a set of guidelines for the research community. The ASLAP committeeb wishes to acknowledge the AVMA for recognizing the need for these guidelines and providing the financial support to convene the initial panel. This document was compiled with expectations for change in future revisions. Intended to complement other pertinent guidelines and regulations on animal surgery, these guidelines are designed to help individuals charged with the stewardship of animals used in research and teaching.
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Costea, Ruxandra, Tiberiu Iancu, Alexandru ulescu, C. Nicolae, Florin Leau, and Ruxandra Pavel. "Critical key points for anesthesia in experimental research involving sheep (Ovis aries)." Open Veterinary Journal 14, no. 9 (2024): 2129. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i9.2.

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Anesthesia and analgesia have a major impact on ensuring animal welfare and safety, resulting in reduced stress response and effective pain control, ensuring the comfort of the animal, promoting faster recovery, and reducing the risk of complications associated with various research procedures. Each stage of anesthesia in sheep is vital for maintaining the animal's welfare, ensuring procedural success, minimizing stress, risks, and complications, and optimizing the quality of research data. Proper attention to detail and adherence to best practices at each stage contribute to the overall success of anesthesia management in sheep. Anesthesia protocols should suit individual requirements for each sheep, in light of factors such as health status, procedure duration, and desired anesthesia depth. Meticulous monitoring, adherence to best practices, and prompt intervention are essential for minimizing the risks of complications during sheep anesthesia and ensuring the safety and welfare of the animals undergoing anesthesia for research purposes. This article presents the main key points that can improve anesthetic management for sheep involved in experimental research to minimize stress response and complications, enhancing animal safety, welfare, and comfort during and after procedures. Multimodal anesthesia approaches ensure effective pain relief, tailored to the specific needs of individual animals or procedures, optimizing outcomes and minimizing risks. Anesthesia management contributes to improved research data collection under conditions that enhance the validity and reliability of results. Sheep's impressive capacity to maintain homeostasis even during extended periods of anesthesia highlights the critical importance of upholding data quality in alignment with the universally accepted principles of Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement for ethical animal research. By adhering to these principles, researchers can minimize the number of animals used, reduce any potential discomfort or distress experienced by the animals, and refine procedures to optimize animal welfare while still achieving scientific objectives.
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Bróż, Oskar, and Agnieszka Podolak. "Standards of legal protection for animals used in scientific research." Ius et Administratio 49, no. 4 (2022): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/iuseta.2022.4.3.

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The setting of appropriate standards of behavior allows a minimum degree of animal protection to be established. As indicated in recital 1 of Directive 2010/63 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes, differences in national legislation may hinder trade in products and substances in the manufacture of which animal experiments are carried out. The way in which animal welfare is protected depends on the level of knowledge of the animals’ ability to feel and respond to pain, so that, as a result, the standard of animal treatment is constantly improving. With the development of biological and medical sciences, the importance of animals has gradually increased and continues to be high due to the continuous use of living organisms in diverse scientific research. The establishment and development of bioethics has necessitated the creation of legal regulations to protect animals used in research and to guarantee their proper treatment. This paper attempts to describe the current legal standards for the protection of animals used in scientific research and comments on possible changes.
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Cesarovic, N., M. Lipiski, V. Falk, and M. Y. Emmert. "Animals in cardiovascular research." European Heart Journal 41, no. 2 (2020): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz933.

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Connolly, Philip. "Animals need research too." Veterinary Nursing Journal 20, no. 3 (2005): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17415349.2005.11013329.

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