Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Animation (cinéma) – États-Unis – 1990-'
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Floquet, Pierre. "Le langage comique de Tex Avery : dix années de création à la M.G.M : 1942-1951." Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30039.
Full textThrough a conceptual reference to semiotics, the aim of this study is to assess that tex avery's comic language is organised, in his cartoons, around original laws, together with the innovating set-up of the gags. They are rooted in the codes of burlesque cinema. However, these gags break free of its conventional rules and go beyond them, whether the pragmatic relations with the audience, the selection and use of the themes, or the cinematic syntax itself is at stake. Avery's comic language gives a fresh interpretation to the narrative thread of chasing. It evolves through the varied use of the gags, as well as through their grouping within the cinematic structure. Moreover, it is both absurd and transgressive. Avery turns every aspect of reality into his own representation of it, which is not only humoristic and oneiric, but also very much up to date
Merijeau, Lucie. "Le cinéma d'animation et son image. Étude des pratiques industrielles et spectatorielles du cinéma d'animation américain contemporain. Le cas prototype de Pixar (1995-2010)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030137.
Full textAs the first studio to have created a CGI animated feature film, Toy Story, whose success initiated a new era in animation production, Pixar Animation Studios occupy a significant position in the actual cultural landscape, and present a great opportunity to study the ways in which objects from cultural industries are produced and consumed. By examining the animated cartoon, from historic and aesthetic perspectives, I intend to determine the evolution of the production system and of the technics, which are related to stylistic changes as well. This study will help us understand the studio system in which Pixar’s movies have taken place. While the ways films are made and seen changed at the end of the last century, Toy Story’s films are the privileged object for an analysis of the transformations of cinema and its uses. By Pixar’s high cultural status, by the textual ambiguity that characterized them or the new representations of masculinity and femininity that they share, animated feature films tend to become "ordinary films", letting viewers grasp them as they want
Ledoux, Aurélie. "Le cinéma américain peut-il être sceptique ? : les effets de "trompe-l'oeil" dans le cinéma américain contemporain ( 1984-2001)." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010580.
Full textStarfield, Penny. "Le stéréotype au cinéma : le cinéma américain de 1967 à 1977." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070078.
Full textThe notion of stereotype and its relation to the cinema is analysed. A particular type of film and period is examined : american film from 1967-1977. The stereotype is a relatively recent concept, associated with a systel of values that emphasises originality and novelty. It may be a lexical or stylistical element or a form of typology. Two semes are isolated which determine its functioning : repetition and model. Various conceptions of the stereotype are examined as well as its connection with reality. American society during the sixties and seventies is presented and the films are described as a reflection of this society. The changes in american film are studied and how attempts were made to do away with film stereotypes. A semiological analysis is carried out on the decor, objects and secondary characters in the films. The study of main characters concentrates on two dominant features of qthe period : the ethnic diversity of characters and a configuration of two male protagonists female protagonists are also examined. The ironic use of the film stereotype during this period is also studied and the possible meanings behind the usage of a stereotype are discussed
Isabel, Thibault. "La fin de siècle du cinéma américain (1981-2000) : une évaluation psychologique et morale des mentalités contemporaines." Lille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL30044.
Full textAugé, Étienne F. "L'illusion culturelle : le monde de Hollywood 1990-2000." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0031.
Full textBeney, Christophe. "Le surgissement du désert dans le cinéma américain contemporain : 1991-2006." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0008.
Full textVinet-Kammerer, Romaric. "Appropriations de la ville américaine par les cinéastes européens : 1960-1980." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010539.
Full textDanniel-Grognier, Marie. "Formes et manifestations de la subjectivité dans le cinéma documentaire personnel américain (1960-1990)." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Danniel-Grognier-Marie/2009-Danniel-Grognier-Marie-These.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to a filmic expression that is often underestimated in film studies, since this long-term work deals with contemporary issues in American personal documentary film. The 60's represent an epistemological break in the history of documentary cinema, in that the filmmaker began to involve himself in the filmic process, both before and behind the camera. What's more, he now assumes that his visions and images of the external world are no longer objective but seen through the prism of his subjectivity, which helps him discover who he really is. Documenting the world, the other, while documenting himself – or herself. This approach, based on close reading and film aesthetic analysis, eschews aporetic generalization to root itself in issues raised by specific films and filmmakers, such as voice over commentary, music and sounds, editing, found footage, fictionalisation or metaphorical images. The films selected for study belong to idiosyncratic bodies of works of filmmakers like Stan Brakhage, Jonas Mekas, Robert Kramer, Emile de Antonio, Su Friedrich, Shirley Clarke or the Maysles Brothers, among others. They all engage themselves in a process of self-inscription to tell their experiences of birth, childhood, exile, memory, nostalgia, loss, death or legacy
Goualle, Laurent. "Le drame judiciaire ou la représentation du procès dans le cinéma américain." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030049.
Full textBenvenuto, Luciano. "Le cinema post-hollywoodien (1976-1985) : une industrie culturelle transnationale de l'imaginaire filmique. une analyse socio-pragmatique." Paris 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA030038.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is hollywood's contemporary commercial film industry between 1976 and 1985. Emphasizing a socio-pragmatic approach in which the cinematographic context takes precedence over the cinematographic text, this research endeavors to demonstrate that this period, knowned as post-hollywood cinema world, constitutes and extreme rupture in the evolution of the hollywood movie industry. A rupture because the three intrinsic sectors of hollywood cinema were broadly affected by the aftermath of the socio-economic crisis of the early seventies and the astounding technico-televisual revolution which followed. The movie industry was entirely reshaped and reorganized on new economic foundations, bringing about changes in the audience's sociological and psychological caracteristics. These changes are evident in the signifying form of the films, where cinematographic super-production, performance and the "spectacular" are brought together. The performing signifier appears to be therfore the principal symptom of this upheaval or revolution. Because in becoming the film's principal vehicle of meaning, the performing signifier indicates that the film is no longer concerned with communication
Cormier, Christophe. "Contribution de la contre-culture au cinéma nord-américain : le cas de Denis Hopper." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030017.
Full textThe purpose of this survey is to assess the counterculture’s contribution to the American cinema through the films directed by Dennis Hopper, chosen for his sympathy for the Movement. His filmography is explored in the light of Theodore Roszak’s 1969 essay. Famous as an actor, Hopper has demonstrated an interest in visual arts, expressed in a continuous creativity in the fields of painting and photography, which shapes his film work. It is legitimate to draw parallels between his artistic choices and various art movements of the 20th century. While Hopper’s aesthetic options originate in the national heritage, his thematic concerns pertain to the counterculture’s claims. The oppositional nature of the Movement is rendered by the dual structure of patterns, both in form and in theme, and by the representation of deviant behaviour. These serve a strategy for the reenchantment of a world threatened by the growing grip of technocracy. Borne by the Movement’s set of values, Hopper is also driven by his own vision. The survey of his characters reveals a difficulty in breaking away from older models, imposed by classic Hollywood, which inspired him, and by his background. Thus the modes of protest that have become most relevant today are precisely not those that he has most thoroughly explored. The comparison with other careers attempts to prove the existence of a collective venture, to describe its evolution over the 69-94 period, and to trace its potential heritage
Bohas, Alexandre. "La firme Disney : analyse du capitalisme culturel d'Hollywood." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010334.
Full textYazbek, Élie. "Montage et idéologie dans le cinéma américain contemporain." Paris 3, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00379847.
Full textIn this study of the relationship between the editing and the ideology in the contemporary American cinema, (years 1990 - middle of the years 2000) the objective is to develop the bonds between these two entities and to study the mechanisms which govern them. The American cinema, understood like a living organism, knew a great change in the years 1990, thanks to new technologies. Almost everything becoming achievable, the editing in the American cinema develops into, even more than before, as a form which allows the story to evolve and the meaning to come out. The ideology, conceived as a system of representation of ideas, a total scheme of interpretation of the world, is understood as an fundamental principle inherent with the American cinema, almost as well as the editing. This study is interested in the various interactions between the filmic elements set to work from a subjacent and implicit ideological "parti-pris" in the diégèse, while trying to analyze a filmic construction in which the ideological implications are not announced preliminary. The study of the editing is completed by the analysis of the multiple figures surrounding it: the framework, the special effects, the film music, space and time and by the impact of this editing on the spectators. Finally, this study will consider the phenomenon generated in 2004 by The Passion of the Christ and other films, allowing the return, in the American cinema, to a more engaged speech in which the ideology becomes more explicit, without calling into question the assets of the previous decade
Gutman, Pierre-Simon. "La création d'une communauté américaine dans le cinéma de Michael Cimino." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070060.
Full text. Michael Cimino's current status in the history of american cinema is very particular, even almost non existent This film maker has asked essentials questions about the american identity. In the trilogy, which constitutes the center of his work (The Deer Hunter, Heaven 's Gate, Year ofthe Dragon}, Cimino takes the Vietnam war to make it the point zero of his own american history. He sets his cinema in the classical hollywood tradition thaï from Griffith to Ford, has always helped build the national identity. Cimino adds the shadow of a doubt, typical from the post Vietnam era. The trilogy presents characters apparently differents, but who all belong to a similar community, made of immigrants with russian roots. The director observes the gradual adaptation of this community in the heart of american society. He evokes the possibility of a national identity built on violence, permanent struggle. The struggle can also be read in a war of classes, provoked by-greed of a certain american society. All these elements turn the melting pot into a very complex entity, who can only barely be held by the observation of strict rituals, able to put together all the different faces of this nation. Maybe the fact Cimino asked questions about the instable and unfinished nature of the melting pot can explain the rejection his movies still suffer in the United States today
Letort, Delphine. "Du film noir au néo-noir : mythes et stéréotypes en représentation : (1941-2001)." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20020.
Full textClassical Hollywood narratives are characterized by a set of conventions which film noir shattered as it emerged in the 1940s. Not only did the newly born genre disrespect the realist effect that ruled representation in classical films while playing upon mise en scene, but it also proved quite subversive as far as content is concerned. It relied on a series of stereotypes (the femme is fatale while the hero is hardboiled) that need to be recognized and analyzed in order to understand why film noir was closely watched by censorship. No doubt the political power of film noir was enhanced by its narrative structure and its mode of representation, implicitly referring to mythological narratives and figures, which the film industry also endowed with a commercial purpose. Film noir plays on the expressionist quality of black and white in order to express the ambiguity of desires leading individuals to the margins of crime, thus emphasizing that instabilities of gender were already incipient in the forties. Violence has pervaded the genre while laying stress on the urban crisis and expressing the psychological conflicts undermining the individual's sense of identity. The study of crime and violence in film noir and neo-film noir allows us to understand how modernity and postmodernity have affected the relationship of the individual to his environment and to himself. Film noir echoes the troubles caused by the transformation of society into a modern world whereas neo-film reflects the social and identity crisis triggered by a postmodern state and a new cultural and economic order. Postmodern aesthetics questions the rules of cinematic representation while deconstructing the genre, thus demystifying the American set of values vulgarized by Hollywood films and cinema itself
Russell, Diane. "Du storyboard au storyboardeur : étude comparative d'une activité cinématographique en France et aux États-Unis." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030067.
Full textThe starting point of this work involves a quantitative analysis of the object »storyboard » applied on a large corpus. The taxonomy here established, crossed witha qualitative approach, allows one to reveal communication codes and invariantsinherent to this preproduction device. This first leads to the definition of the toolstoryboard among other film preparation drawings. The classification of the dataaccording to its period then brings a new perspective to the analysis: it is through theobject, vestige of its own story and vector of ideas, from which are drawn the socialinteractions and the professionalization of those who manufacture it. The studyconcerns two different conceptions of the storyboarding practice, on both sides of theAtlantic Ocean
Valmary, Hélène. "Origines et poétique d'un héroïsme intranquille : les super-héros dans le cinéma américain (2000-2009)." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010597.
Full textBousquet, Franck. "Hollywood et l'idéal national : de la démocratie de l'homme du peuple à la technocratie." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20062.
Full textCinema here is considered as a social event and as a cultural product liable to convey ideological stances. Moreover, as regards the United States, an intimate connection between film and nation emerges from the very story of the country. It has therefore been a matter of determining whether, during two transition decades, the 30's and the 90's, Hollywood developed an homogeneous vision of the national ideal. Thus, in spite of the existence of numerous debates concerning the form of the federal state or the definition of citizenship, the democracy of the common man seems to have been raised to the status of a political and social absolute by the cinema of the 30's. In the same manner, although they are often described as devoid of any thematic or stylistic coherence, Hollywood movies from the last decade of the XXth century have actually proved to be conveying a unified picture of the ideal society, perfectly defined by the typical ideal characteristics of a technocratic model
Shavit, Avner. "Occupy Hollywood : la nouvelle subversivité du Cinéma américain." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA042/document.
Full textThis thesis examines American films which were made in response to US military involvement in the Middle East, since the beginning of the 2000s. It will seek to prove that these films are different than those made in the United States in response to previous conflicts. The historical study of American war cinema shows that it has undergone a process of evolution - from a cinema which views American wars as those of necessity, to a cinema which views American wars as wars of choice. Lately, it has gone even further than that – birthing films which present American wars as events caused by the American society, in order to fulfill the needs of the people who head it - fighting-addicted American men. This process can be said to have expanded the subjects dealt with by the American war cinema.Thus, the cinema about the Iraq War is much more poignant than representations of past wars, in its messages about the connection between American society and its militarism. It manages to surpass all previous war cinema, which in itself had been the most critical towards American army and society
Villenave, Baptiste. "Entre nature et artifice : le point de vue écartelé : une étude stylistique du nouvel Hollywood (1967-1980)." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN1634.
Full textEnd of the 1960s. A new generation of filmmakers, most of them coming from television or film schools, enters Hollywood. Because of their early career and their influences, they transform the film style. Indeed they use techniques and figures which were hitherto not at all or very seldom employed by American films: zooming, split screen, hand-held shots, overlapping dialogues, slow motion, very fast cutting… These devices contribute to a modification of the point of view, i. E. The successive positions in which the viewer is placed by framing, composition, editing and camera movements. That leads to a profound change of spectatorial regime. These are the evolutions we intend to study, in order to reveal, in a perspective of historical stylistics, their underlying logic. Among others one will see that two essential trends, seemingly contradictory, lead to a tugging of the point of view : on the one hand one can notice a multiplication of “naturalized” shots, in the sense that they mimic “natural” perception ; on the other hand, one can notice a blossoming of “artificialized” shots
Tessier, Laurent. "Succès et représentations à vocation collective dans les films de fiction américains traitant de la guerre du Vietnam." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040158.
Full textThe Vietnam war can be considered as one of the major traumatism endured by the American society during in the XXth century. After a period of relative calm during the decade 1970, the United States produced in the years 1980-90 a flood of artistic works, and in particular an incredible number of fiction films dealing with the question of the Vietnam war. The way this war (and those who participated in it) were represented in the United States has been at stake of interactions, conflicts and different kinds of negociations between the various groups involved in these cinematic productions : the film-makers and the producers of these films, the Vietnam veterans, as well as various political lobbies having interests in the way the war should be integrated into the American collective memory. This example of Vietnam War films thus presents the peculiarity to resist strongly to an interpretation of the success in term of pure entertainment. Either from the of the producers' point of view or from the publics', the meaning of these films seems to lie in their supposed "authenticity", more than in their capacity to entertain. In order to understand the success of these films, we tried to unveil their meaning : to show what makes certain individuals (who not necessarily belong to the “world of cinema”) consider that these films are worth being produced, distributed and promoted, and what makes the public consider that they are worth being seen
Delon, Gaspard. "Les scènes de bataille rangée dans le cinéma hollywoodien contemporain (1995-2011) : Formatage et renouvellement d’une séquence stratégique." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100200.
Full textThe fact that the pitched battle scene has become commonplace in contemporary Hollywood cinema goes together with the recovery of the historical epic, which had been convalescent since the 1960’s until revived by the success of “Braveheart” and “Gladiator”, and with the development of the fantasy film in the wake of “The Lord of the Rings”. The production of this genre scene, which, albeit limited, remained remarkably regular between 1999 and 2011, partakes in the commercial strategy of the blockbuster by targeting a wide and international audience, and gives rise to numerous imitations in related spheres of the media scene. A collective work, it combines the traditional technical expertise with an increasing participation from visual effects companies, which makes this scene a valued ground for experimentation, and the core of a competitive struggle. The representation of battles, which endeavors to live up to a prestigious historical and artistic tradition while conforming to the standards of the actioner, leans on formal as well as narrative stereotypes, causing a game of outdoing and varying, typical of the Hollywoodian formatting and invention mechanisms. By intermingling the narrative and the spectacular, the battle scene gives the audience specific pleasures and sensations. Although limited by the large scale and the realism of the fights, it links the representation of individual heroism together with that of the community in action, questioning the certainties of the warmongering. Presumed to be routine, repetitive, academic or ideologically conservative, pitched battle scenes thus prove to carry an irreducible esthetic and discursive complexity
Boutang, Adrienne. "« Jusqu’où peut-on aller trop loin ? » Transgression, seuils de tolérance et circulation de représentations dans le cinéma américain entre les secteurs mainstream et indépendant, de 1990 à 2007." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030108.
Full textThe aim of this work is to offer an examination of the way "edgy" images and themes have been "circulating" between mainstream and Independent cinema in the United States, from 1990 to 2007, during which those two distinct economic territories have tended to merge. By comparing films that originate from different industrial locations, I tried to determine the actual boundaries between acceptable and unacceptable themes and representations, and to examine whether and how those boundaries have fluctuated at a particular moment, both diachronically and synchronically. The secondary goal of this work was to analyze "from the inside", through detailed text-centered studies, what textual strategies were used by the films in order to make the transgression more palatable. Both textual and extratextual tools of analysis have been used through this study, which took into consideration both the "texts" and their "paratexts", distribution, promotion, and reception. Laying bare the mechanisms of regulation and tolerance required to consider the films from the stage of their genesis to their distribution and reception. Therefore, I tried to analyze the thresholds of representation through a combination of textual analysis and metatextual analysis, laying bare the process of negotiation that takes place in the contemporary Hollywood as well as in its margins. The notion of "transgression" has been defined by taking into account both "universal" topics, which are not likely to fluctuate much through time, and topics of titillation or scandal that are more specific and linked to a specific cultural or sociological context. This study is divided in two parts, mainstream and Independent, that are meant to echo with each other
Cras, Pierre. "Archétypes, caricatures et stéréotypes noirs du cinéma d'animation américain du XXe siècle (1907-1975)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA153.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the notions of archetypes, caricatures and stereotypes as well as their application to black characters in twentieth-century American animated films. In 1907, the very first animated film depicting a black character, “Coon”, was screened. “Coon” came from a long tradition of pejorative depictions that targeted African Americans and defined them down as “others” and “inferiors”. The first regular examples of these representations emerged in American comic strips and were drawn by cartoonists who soon became “animators”. A large part of the ideology and physical representations leading to the creation of these characters was inspired by pseudo-scientific theories that sanctioned black people “inferiority”, graphically and ideologically in the name of pseudo-sciences, including first and foremost physiognomy and phrenology, which first gained influence in Europe before reaching the United States. Vaudeville and Blackface Minstrelsy performances – popular shows that lampooned Black people and were performed by white actors in make-up from the end of the nineteenth century to the 1960s – also played a significant role in the creation of black otherness. The black characters in animated films were a reflection of these three cultural influences and remained unchanged until the 1940s. The negative depictions of African Americans in animated films began to evolve slowly when the United States entered World War II. Slow changes were perceptible through the use of bebop music in such films, although the vast majority of those films remained full of caricatures of Black people. Irrevocable changes rose in the post-war period, from old caricatures to new representations. Increasing demands by African Americans for equal rights created an ambiguity between their integrationist aspirations and the remaining visual traces going back to the period of slavery. The gradual legal gains achieved through their fight in the Civil Rights and Black Power movements led to a new televisual and cinematic imagery, which showed more positive sides of Blackness, despite the persistence of a conformist tone, sometimes out of touch with African American reality. The most faithful reflections of African American experience ultimately came from underground animated movies in the 1970s, in which prostitutes and hustlers added to a new social subtext
Mayer, Hervé. "Guerre sauvage et empire de la liberté : prolongements du mythe de la Frontière dans le cinéma américain post-western." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100084/document.
Full textThe frequent use of frontier mythology in the political rhetoric of the “war on terror” calls for a reassessment of the common notion that it was marginalized in American culture after what Richard Slotkin identified as a crisis of public myth in the wake of the 1960s. This dissertation in American and Film Studies argues that the myth of the frontier did not wane in the American imagination, but rather diversified its forms and consolidated its influence in American culture. Considering cinema as the primary medium of a globalized American culture, this study is a socio-historical analysis of the representations of the frontier myth in American cinema after the 1960s. Its purpose is to underline the continuity, on a narrative and ideological level, existing between 19th-century American mythology of the frontier and 21st-century American cinema. The critical juncture is the turn of the 1960s, when criticisms of the frontier myth fostered a generic and aesthetic diversification of its representations in films. Based on a primary corpus of six films released between 1968 and 1986, taken from different genres and embodying different perspectives on the myth, this research adopts a transgeneric perspective to unpack the cultural responses to criticisms of the myth in the 1960s and the way those responses ideologically frame contemporary American cinema. We understand the frontier myth as the American expression of an ideology shared by all imperial nations of the late 19th century and, as such, adopt a transnational perspective on its emergence as well as its popularization. This study identifies two major paths connecting the frontier myth to contemporary American cinema: from Theodore Roosevelt’s Winning of the West to the representations of savage war; and from Frederick Turner’s frontier thesis to filmic celebrations of an empire of liberty
Pieri, Jean-Etienne. "Hollywood et Hong Kong : transferts culturels, de 1979 à nos jours." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030070.
Full textThis thesis examines the exchanges between Hong Kong cinema and Hollywood. Since the beginning of the 1990s, several Hong Kong directors, actors and fight scenes choreographers have indeed emigrated to the United States. But the movies made in Hollywood by these filmmakers and stars from Hong Kong only represent the most obvious part of the transfers between the two film industries. These transfers have actually constantly increased since the emergence, in 1979, of what have been called the “New Wave” of Hong Kong (a movement of young directors, mostly educated in North America and England). In this thesis are studied the attempts to create hybrid works (especially on a generic level), the remakes and the different kinds of narrative and stylistic borrowings which contributed to the circulation of forms between the two film industries
Loiseau, Elise. "Théâtralité de la scène de folie dans l'oeuvre de John Cassavetes et Martin Scorsese." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030069.
Full textIn their films, John Cassavetes and Martin Scorsese portray madness in opposite ways: exuberant affectivity for the former, and mental isolation and destructive impulse for the latter. The representation of madness embeds in the filmic image a specific theatricality, which this thesis explores more in depth.One can produce theatricality in a film firstly by working on the space itself, whose dimensions are reconfigured to match those of a stage and is freed of the elements of realism traditionally associated with cinema. The focus is turned fully on the actor who embodies characters that are hysterical (Cassavetes) or histrionic (Scorsese). The staging (or mise en scene) of these personality disorders, intimately linked to the gaze of the other and to superexpressivity, injects theatricality into the filmic image. However, this intensity, or even violence, makes madness a problematic object of representation. When the image is fascinating, it alienates the gaze of the viewer who can no longer think (reflect on?) about the performance. That’s when another dimension of theatricality intervenes, as a way to free the viewer’s gaze. Both filmmakers, with Cassavetes paving the way, have in their own specific ways, attempted to invest independent American cinema with a capacity for emancipation in the face of a medium whose power they only knew too well
Sadat, shafai Yal alexandre. "Les justiciers du "vigilante movie" : essor et origines d'une figure postmoderne." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC027.
Full textWithin the nineteen-seventies, a Hollywoodian genre focusing on the vigilante archetype, wandering throughout urban or rural modernity in order to eradicate crime instead of legal institutions, came back in the public eye. Called "vigilante movie" by critics in the nineteen-seventies, this genre arose commercially within a period that we situate between 1968 and 1989. Since most works are, according to us, aware of the paradoxes and bewilderments of their characters, we try to analyze the critical view expressed by authors on vigilante justice - that is, a view often neglected by texts written against these movies, perceived as conservative glorifications of the most radical reactions to criminality. Therefore, we propose a collection of common aesthetic processes that define the pessimistic aspect of these action films. As we are about to see, filmmakers and screenwriters from major studios and exploitation channels have understood that the vigilante in itself is the ideal tool for the embodiment of America, its origins, its aspirations, its evolution, its dreams of liberty and independence
Cheyroux, Emilie. "Le festival comme événement reconfigurateur de stéréotypes. Cine Las Americas et les Latinos (Austin, Texas, 1998-2017)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA079.
Full textFrom the beginning, Hollywood has used disparaging stereotypes about Latinos to create a series of threatening characters that give shape to the fears of the American society. This research focuses on the Latino film festival Cine Las Americas (Austin, Texas) and questions the explicit and underlying strategies used to deconstruct such stereotypes. First, the study analyzes the different phases that have allowed Cine Las Americas to become an institution between 1998 and 2017. The research also highlights the synergy with the city of Austin, « weird » Creative City, to show how it represents a fertile ground for the festival. It also situates Cine Las Americas in the historical context of Latino film festivals in order to understand their emergence at the turn of the millenium and their specificities.Second, after going over the Hollywood stereotypes about Latinos, the content of the movies from the first fifteen festivals (1998-2012) is analyzed to shed light on the corresponding counter-stereotypes, especially through the image of the migrant, the central figure of the movies about the border. The analysis sheds light on the unifying themes and the counter-narratives and questions Cine Las Americas’s Chicano heritage. Last, the research seeks to consider Cine Las Americas’s position in international and local networks from the beginning to 2017. It seeks to determine how the movies from « the Americas » are used to implement the anti-stereotype mission and to bring forth the collective figure of the Indigenous people, thus demonstrating how Cine Las Americas has become a Field-Configuring Event (FCE). This strategy confirms Austin’s driving force and portrays the organizors as cultural diplomats
Fakhry, Pascale. "Le film d'horreur hollywoodien au féminin : une étude du genre et de ses personnages principaux féminins à partir de leur émergence dans les années 1970." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030142.
Full textThe birth of the active female main character of the horror film in the 1970s has a significant impact on the genre of horror : this phenomenon prompted the emergence of new sub-genres (the slasher, the woman's horror film, the horror film/family melodrama and the action/horror to whom the Alien series gives birth in the 2000s). These sub-genres differ in their narrative structure, their production mode and the type of audience they address. Each of them grants the leading role to a different type of female character. From 1970 till 2007, the relationship of the female protagonists of horror film to the society in which they live, their body and their sexuality evolves. While in the 1970s, most of the heroic women of the genre are independent women, between 1980 and 1995, they become sacrificial mothers, and from 1996 to 2007, the independent women resurface again but are often single mothers. The ability of these female characters to become heroes or monsters is also affected by their relationship to their body : those who cannot control the "changeable nature" of their biology (i.e. those who become pregnant or have their period) turn into monsters, while those who can contain their bodies and sexual desires survive. The chronological analysis of these sub-genres shows that their discourse on their female main protagonists and the way it evolves are influenced by the different feminist currents that come to birth in the United States from 1970 till 2007 and by the backlash(es) against them
Le, Gouez Guillaume. "L'image malsaine : le trouble identitaire du cinéma Américain et ses modes de représentations dans les années quatre-vingt-dix." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H305.
Full textHybrid image born of the contamination of the film image by the video image and then by the digital image, the unhealthy image of the American cinema during the nineties stemmed from the technological changes of the end of the 20th century. Indeed, from an aesthetic point of view, the unhealthy image, usually close to the borders of the ethics of representation, cannot be the result of a moral sentence administered by a looking at a watched. It cannot follow from a judgment of value, difficult to analyze, but must be treated as a medical metaphor, able to highlight the dangerous relationships that may have existed at the end of the 20th century. Also, she sketches, by reinvent the material and language of the traditional American movie, the cinema of the future. Modification of the genetic code of the image, the birth of a representation of the digital body, or the insatiable des ire to mix all sorts of visuals to create out-of-the-ordinary compositions, a lot of factors that push the nineties cinematographic image to reinvent herself. The image was already abject, grotesque, perverse or even pornographic in the American cinema of the Seventies, it will become, hybrid, mutant, and definitely unhealthy in the nineties
Guieu, Julien. "Esthétiques de l'indice dans le cinéma américain des années 2000." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030141.
Full textA few American films released between 2000 and 2007 (David Lynch’s Mulholland Drive and INLAND EMPIRE, Sofia Coppola’s The Virgin Suicides, Christopher Nolan’s Memento, Sean Penn’s The Pledge, Jim Jarmusch’s Broken Flowers and David Fincher’s Zodiac) question the function, inner workings and representation of the clues on which detective fiction and film rely. These movies, which take up certain tropes of the genre without necessarily being detective films per se, all revolve around an investigation which is left incomplete and eventually turns against the investigator, to the point of shattering his or her sense of identity. They thus follow in the footsteps of metaphysical detective fiction (novels such as Thomas Pynchon’s The Crying of Lot 49 and Paul Auster’s City of Glass), in that the clue, instead of bringing about the closure of the narrative, becomes the instrument of its open-endedness. Its one correct interpretation is replaced by a proliferation of possible readings and stories. Once transparent, it turns opaque; once fluid, its circulation becomes problematic – which leads to new ways of filming it. The codes that detective films use to point out the clue, increase its legibility and foster identification with the investigator (close-up insert, eyeline match, shallow focus…) are subverted through a number of strategies such as inversion and exaggeration. These aim to deceive the spectator’s expectations and to unsettle him or her by reinstating the fundamental uncertainty of detective fiction, which detective films normally tend to repress, and which is here incorporated into aesthetic projects that otherwise differ widely
Pacouret, Jérôme. "Qu'est-ce qu'un auteur de cinéma ? : copyright, droit d'auteur et division du travail (années 1900-2010)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH084/document.
Full textWhy are motion pictures often attributed to authors – or “filmmakers” – while dozens of names and occupations appear in film credits? Following Foucault’s definition of authorship as a form of appropriation, this dissertation focuses on copyright law and authorship battles in order to explain the origins and existence of film authors. Rather than considering authors as the individuals who “make” movies or as a fiction overshadowing the collective nature of filmmaking, I show that the attribution of films to authors is the result of the division of filmmaking labor and its power relations. This research uses a sociohistorical perspective and a transnational approach centered on the United States and France, where film authors are not granted the same authorship rights. It shed lights on the national, international and transnational dimensions of the appropriation of motion pictures. This study starts when film authors first appeared in copyright law: as early as the 1900s.The first part of this dissertation focuses on the writing of motion pictures’ property rights from the birth of cinema to the passing of the French copyright law of 1957 and of the Copyright Act of 1976. After decades of battles, these laws provided different definitions of film authors and granted them with different rights. Using legal publications, congressional records and reports, as well as film journals, I study French and American laws as the results of a codification process shaped by preexisting law and by the cooperation and power relation between the actors who participated in their writing. The development of motion pictures’ property rights are the cause and consequence of the constitution of a space for negotiation between lawyers, public officials, politicians and film organizations. I explain that French and American copyright norms were structured by legal expertise, competition between lawyers, relations between film organizations and the unequal economic, legal and political power of these organizations. A study of the revisions of the Berne Convention for the protection of literary and artistic works also show the interdependency between national and international norms of film authorship and authorship.The second part of the dissertation study the appropriation of motion pictures as a social relation based on the division of filmmaking labor and social labor. Film authorship battles which started in the 1910s contributed to the creation of professional hierarchies and to the differentiation of film value from other forms of economic and artistic value. I use various writings of film professionals, along with other sources, to show that film authorship was shaped by various aspects of film production, dissemination and reception (including the power relations between film professionals, the diversity of film careers and the uses of authors’ names by film critics and audiences). To study the division of filmmaking labor, I use Pierre Bourdieu’s research on cultural fields, Howard Becker’s work on art worlds as well as scholarship on professions. The dissertation also shows that the professional hierarchies of motion picture production interrelate with various forms of domination common to other fields. This dissertation is meant to be useful for scholars interested in the history of copyright law, motion pictures, authorship, the division of (artistic) labor, professions and transnational approaches
Achouche, Mehdi. "L'Utopisme technologique dans la science-fiction hollywoodienne, 1982-2010 : transhumanisme, posthumanité et le rêve de "l'homme-machine"." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00779615.
Full textBouarour, Sabrina. "Les masculinités dans les films musicaux et les mélodrames de Jacques Demy et Vincente Minnelli." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA145.
Full textThis thesis explores masculinities as a multidisciplinary field for thinking power relations. By connecting musical films and melodramas by Jacques Demy and Vincente Minnelli, this work examines male performances in the post-war context. This period of social transformations has given rise to the emergence of a transatlantic film culture that questions and challenges normsrelated to gender and sexuality. Articulating aesthetic and cultural studies approaches, the study of mise en scène brings to light the production of ambivalent gendered discourses, historicized according to the specific socio-cultural aspect of Hollywood and French film production environments. Musical films and melodramas, through their camp aesthetics, reveal themselvesas spaces of identity negotiation where an unprecedented rapport with politics is constructed. Both filmmakers, united by their similar melodramatic style, imagine and dream about models of alternative masculinities based on empathic values. In front of the camera, vulnerability, emotions and strong feelings become political weapons to refound and reinvent the community
Cueff, Alain. "De la Dernière Cène aux Marilyn, un examen des sources chrétiennes et de leur incidence dans l'oeuvre d'Andy Warhol." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR2017.
Full textThe work of Andy Warhol has been evaluated in the context of Pop Art, and scholarship favored a number of themes: the condition of the mass media image, Marcel Duchamp's legacy, the paradoxes of modernism, the status of commodities, the notion of originality of the artwork... So that his specific culture, established in a stringent relationship to Christian religion, has regularly been largely ignored. This dissertation envisions the articulation of a religious culture and thinking to modern praxis and topics. Thus, a change of paradigm and perspective is required. It became necessary to substantiate how the Christian inspiration reveals itself in the work and modify its interpretation. The issues of incarnation and individuation, as Warhol handles them in his series of commissioned portraits, can't be understood without an extended examination of his relationship to Christian theology. More generally, this standpoint does stress Warhol's complex attitude towards modernism
Tanis-Plant, Suzette. "La Voix cinématographique : échos et résonances dans les premiers films de Julie Dash et Trinh T. Minh-ha." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30035.
Full textThe theoreticians of the cinematic voice, such as Michel Chion, Mary Ann Doane and Kaja Silverman, do not address vocal representation as an issue of gender and its relationship to race and postcolonialism. To the contrary, two contemporary filmmakers, Julie Dash and Trinh T. Minh-ha, use their “caméra-stylo” to deconstruct the dominant paradigm of the voice which has spectators believe that the image is at the source of the voices they hear. The films, Illusions and Daughters of the Dust by Dash, and Reassemblage, Naked Spaces and Surname Viet Given Name Nam by Trinh, show us how the cinematic voice is a construction. The stakes are high: white men use this vocal illusion as a lever to impose control over the world of epistemology. As an alternative, Dash and Trinh propose a feminist paradigm. The transcendent masculine voice is replaced by the immanent and polyphonic voices of women of color. Dash reveals the cinematic techniques of vocal reproduction, and she practices a classical editing that reaches for fidelity. The voices of her characters envelope the spectators. Trinh brings to the screen an understanding of the “architecture” of cinematic language, and her editing techniques suspend continuity. The spectator’s own voice must continually intervene in the construction of meaning. Through various techniques (synchronized/a-synchronized voice), the women characters come forward to witness the violence of men. Their stories reveal that the justice of the Law of the Father is as much an illusion as the cinematic voice. Women of color therefore take up the voice as a political tool: it holds the promise of changing mentalities and, in turn, the laws of city
Lamarre, Line. "Représentations sociales des femmes à l'aube du XXIe siècle dans le cinéma américain." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3980/1/M11726.pdf.
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