Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Animaux – Effets des herbicides'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Animaux – Effets des herbicides.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Calas, André-Guilhem. "Neurotoxicité du principe actif d'un herbicide à large spectre, le glufosinate d'ammonium, chez la souris." Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2072.
Full textClair, Emilie. "Impacts des xénobiotiques chez l'homme et le rat : cibles hépatocytaires et testiculaires : comparaisons dans l'écosystème : Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travauxe." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2049.
Full textMany xenobiotics (X), including formulations of Roundup (R), that is herbicides based on glyphosate (G), the main herbicide used worldwide, and bisphenol A (BPA), which is widely used in the industry, are studied in this dissertation. Humans are contaminated by a combination of these products, which happen to be endocrine disruptors (EDCs). Our results indicate that R is capable of causing extra and intracellular disturbances (
Yan, Zhixing. "Biodisponibilité et effets secondaires d' herbicides sulfonylurées dans les sols." Perpignan, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PERP0088.
Full textJean-Jean, Patricia. "Contribution à l'étude des herbicides des plantes médicinales." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO1W034.
Full textCave, Ashley E. "Grey treefrog tadpole development and behavior altered by dicamba herbicide exposure." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1623757491963071.
Full textMougin, Christian. "Métabolisme oxydatif du chlortoluron chez des cultures cellulaires de blé : intervention de monooxygénases à cytrochrome P-450." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT034G.
Full textGuilloteau, François. "Fonctionnalisation régiosélective en 5 ou en 4 du cycle 1,2-thiazole : applications en chimie des phytosanitaires." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2269.
Full textSeguin-Callois, Florence. "Effets comparés de deux herbicides l'atrazine et le nicosulfuron, sur un écosystème aquatique expérimental." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30176.
Full textHemmamda, Saâdi. "Cinétique et mécanismes d'hydrolyse du chlorsulfuron et du metsulfuron-méthyle. Effets des tensioactifs." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT034G.
Full textCastonguay-Lebel, Zoé. "La modulation de l'activité transcriptionnelle des enképhalines suivant l'exposition répétée à un agent stresseur." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20157.
Full textBulhosa, Inês La-Salete Monteiro. "In vitro effects of two pesticides on the motility and viability of bovine spermatozoa." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22702.
Full textA utilização de produtos fitossanitários aumentou exponencialmente nas ultimas décadas. O sulfato de cobre e o glifosato são dois pesticidas habitualmente utilizados, o primeiro como fungicida e o segundo como herbicida. Em explorações agropecuárias, os animais podem ser expostos a este tipo de produtos de várias maneiras: i) durante a sua aplicação algumas partículas podem espalhar-se e ser inaladas ou absorvidas pela derme ou ii) pela ingestão de alimentos e/ou água contaminados. Esta exposição pode causar efeitos adversos no ciclo reprodutivo destes animais. Na realidade, os espermatozóides são extremamente sensíveis a pequenas variações no organismo. A interação entre o produto químico e o esperma pode alterar sua mobilidade; velocidade e / ou viabilidade dependendo de que estruturas celulares são afetadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a toxicidade de concentrações de sulfato de cobre e glifosato em espermatozóides de bovino. Sémen comercial congelado de cinco touros diferentes foi exposto a três concentrações diferentes dos dois pesticidas, diluídos em tampão fosfato-salino (PBS), mais um controlo (PBS). Por cada touro, foram feitas três réplicas. Os parâmetros de motilidade e velocidade foram avaliados com recurso a um programa informático para análise de sémen e a viabilidade foi avaliada em esfergaços de sémen corados com eosina-nigrosina. Estes parâmetros foram determinados após 0, 30 e 90 minutos de exposição. O cobre provocou uma redução significativa na velocidades dos esperamatozóides na concentração mais alta que foi testada e após 90 minutos de exposição. Mais ainda, observou-se que na concentração de cobre mais baixa (e no tempo zero) os espermatozóides apresentaram maior mobilidade e velocidade do que as outras concentrações, sugerindo que o cobre pode aumentar a mobilidade dos espermatozóides em baixas concentrações. O glifosato reduziu significativamente a mobilidade e a viabilidade dos espermatozóides. Os resultados in vitro apresentam algumas limitações mas constituem ferramentas relevantes nas primeiras fases de avaliação de risco de compostos químicos, evitando a realização de experimentação animal.
The use of plant protection products has exponentially increased in the agricultural sector over the past decades. Copper sulfate and glyphosate are two commonly used pesticides, the former as a fungicide and the latter as an herbicide. Farm animals may be exposed to this type of products through different ways: i) the drift of pesticides during their application may lead to inhalation or dermic exposure or ii) through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. This exposure may lead to adverse effects in the reproduction of those animals. Actually, spermatozoa are extremely sensitive to slight variations in the organism. The interaction between the chemical and the sperm may alter its motility; velocity and/or viability depending on which cell structures are affected. The goal of this work was to assess the toxicity of copper sulfate and glyphosate concentrations on bovine spermatozoa. Commercial frozen semen from five different bulls were exposed to three different concentrations of the two pesticides, diluted in phosphatebuffered saline (PBS), plus a control (PBS). For each bull, three replicates were made. Motility and velocity endpoints were evaluated using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer and viability was determined in eosin-nigrosin staining smears. Endpoints were measured at 0, 30 and 90 minutes. Copper induced significant changes in the velocity of spermatozoa exposed to a concentration of 62.5 mg/L for 90 minutes. Adding to this, spermatozoa exposed to the lowest copper concentration (at time zero) showed higher motility and velocity than the other treatments, suggesting that copper may enhance motility at low concentrations. Glyphosate significantly reduced the motility and viability of spermatozoa. In vitro results are limited, but they are a good starting point for unveiling primary mechanisms of toxicity without the need to use living beings.
Doxa, Aggeliki. "Complex population dynamics in a changing environment : the impact of density dependence and environmental factors on the vital rates and dynamics of two long-lived bird species." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MNHN0001.
Full textOne of the challenges of modern population ecology is to provide the effective tools for population dynamics predictions in a rapidly changing environment. Reliable estimations of the effects of environmental variation on species dynamics require to integrate the effects of populations intrinsic parameters (e. G. , density) as well as external environmental factors. Importantly, these interacting effects are influenced by current and past conditions of the system, at both local and global scales. The present thesis aims to illustrate some of the aspects that need to be considered when assessing the impact of density and climatic factors on life history traits and on population dynamics, by using the example of two long-lived bird species, the Dalmatian pelican (Pelecanus crispus) and the Great white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus). The analyses showed that patterns of density-dependence can significantly interact with severe environmental stochasticity, producing unpredicted effects on population extinction risk. Large-scale climatic factors together with population density may similarly influence the survivorship of different population segments, resulting to spatial and temporal synchronisation between and within populations. Finally, interactions between until now cooperative species that are differently affected by climatic change may be a critical aspect for their future capacity to effectively respond to changing conditions
Bordjiba, Ouahiba. "Effets des pesticides sur la microflore fongique du sol : biodégradation des herbicides par les souches isolées." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE18006.
Full textLerivrey, Jacques. "Étude de la complexation des systèmes métal - S-triazines - D-glucosamine : mise en évidence de complexes ternaires." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10123.
Full textLors, Christine. "Impact des produits phytosanitaires sur la diversité spécifique et fonctionnelle de la microflore du sol : cas du dinitro-o-cresol." Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Lors.Christine.SMZ9709.pdf.
Full textThe impact of herbicides on the soil microflora was studied through the effect of a model molecule : the DNOC. We first considered the influence of the DNOC on the growth of pure strains of microorganisms selected in 3 microbial groups. Two of the three were defined by their taxonomic position (Rhizobia and Pseudomonas), the third by its functional ability to degrade 2. 4-D. This approach showed that Rhizobia were sensitive, pseudomonas were resistant and 2. 4-D degraders had very different responses to DNOC. This suggests that, in the soil, 2. 4-D degraders may be exposed to important modifications in their diversity with functional consequences. But, this approach cannot reflect what really happens in the soil where physico-chemical and biological protections probably limit the impact of pollutants. That is the reason why, in a second time, we studied the DNOC impact on the structure of two subsets of the soil microbial community : bacteria growing on a non-selective medium and on a medium with 2. 4-D as the main carbon and energy source. We can clearly see that DNOC has destructurating effects on both groups : a diminution of the number of species and a selection of gram negative bacteria. The only difference is in the velocity of the answer which occurs as soon as 7 days for the "total population" and 14 days for the "2. 4-D degraders". Moreover, diversity indices calculated on both morphologic and genetic criteria vary similarly for both populations. We showed a long term based but irreversible convergence of the evolution of control and treated soil samples towards a diminution of the number of microbial species. The DNOC effect ont the metabolic diversity of the total population and on 2. 4-D degraders was then studied. We studied showed that DNOC presence in the soil could modify the metabolic signature of a microbial community defined by the ability to degrade different substrates. The effect is such, that we could consider it as a possible indicator of the ecotoxicological impact of toxic molecules. Functional changes due to the presence of a biocidaal molecule were investigated through its effect on the 2. 4-D degradation in micro-samples. DNOC inhibits the degradation even at low doses where a stepwise effect is observed. This work demonstrates that the soil microbial population reacts to the presence of a chemical pollutant such as the DNOC by a functional and specific adaptation
Roy, Monica. "Étude des superoxyde dismutases (SOD) dans l'oviducte bovin." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25279/25279.pdf.
Full textFeron, Christophe. "Les comportements socio-sexuels des souris staggerer mâles : caractéristiques et effets de l'expérience sociale." Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA132030.
Full textGandar, Allison. "Réponse aux stress multiples chez les poissons : effets croisés de la température et des cocktails de pesticides." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30310/document.
Full textCrossed-effects between climate change and chemical pollutions were identified on community structure and ecosystem functioning. Temperature rising affect the toxic properties of pollutants and the sensitiveness of organisms to chemicals stress. Inversely, chemical exposure may decrease the thermal tolerance of ectothermic species, as fish. In this context, we studied the response of a biological model in aquatic toxicology, the goldfish (Carassius auratus), to individual and combined chemical and thermal stresses. In this aim, we exposed the goldfish to environmental relevant concentrations of herbicide and fungicide mixtures at two temperatures for 96 hours or 16 days. The fish responses were assessed from the molecular level to individual endpoints, including omic approaches (proteomic and metabolomic), biochemical analyses (cortisol, antioxidant defenses, cellular energy allocation), indexes (somatic and condition factors) and behavioral assays (sediment reworking, activity, exploration and feeding). Our results showed that individual chemical or thermal stresses induced a general stress response including biochemical, metabolic, physiological and behavioral compensations. The absence of deleterious effect on the global condition of fish suggested the implementation of an efficient and adaptive stress response, while the hypoactivity of fish exposed to pesticide mixtures could entrain a decreased performance and fitness into the wild. At the opposite, the combined chemical and thermal stresses induced reciprocal inactivation of the stress response, with antagonism effect on cortisol secretion, antioxidant defense induction and metabolic compensation. However, increased effect on behavioral traits and decreased global condition of fish were observed. Our study showed that temperature rising sensitized fish to pesticide exposure. Finally, inhibited stress response in fish exposed to pesticide cocktails raises concerns about species conservation an ecosystem under multiple pressures
Santuré, Marta. "Sensibilité à l'insuline et effets hémodynamiques de l'insuline, effets d'un traitement avec des antihyperglycémiants oraux dans des modèles animaux d'insulino-résistance." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ66333.pdf.
Full textSales-Duval, Muriel. "Effets des interdépendances nutritionnelles entre bactéries protéolytiques sur l'efficacité de la protéolyse dans le rumen." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL137N.
Full textPerrin-Ganier, Corinne. "Dispersion et transformation de l'isoproturon dans le sol et l'eau." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL074N.
Full textLn order to identify processes that act on herbicide isoproturon transfer in soil and water, several experimental studies were attempted. Ln the field, isoproturon appeared to reach surface soil water early after treatment. Then, the same soil was used to fill lysimeters placed under natural climatic conditions. Rainwater was able to produce large exportations only during the first month after treatment, because isoproturon, not yet fully degraded, was very mobile. Last, experiments under laboratory controlled conditions showed that isoproturon was sorbed only weakly on soil components. On the opposite, some of its degradation products, which rapidly represent the greatest part of residues, were more strongly held to soil
Cherrier, Richard. "Impact sur l'environnement de deux herbicides du maïs : la sulcotrione et l'atrazine : influence du changement d'apports organiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL076N.
Full textThis study investigates the process at the origin of the become of sulcotrione in soil. We did investigate also the effect of various agricultural amendments on the dynamic of the molecule, in comparison to atrazine's. Adsorption characteristics of the molecules on soil were determined by the experiments led in batch. Degradation was followed through time in controlled conditions with incubation as weil as in natural conditions thanks to soil columns. These last were used to assess also leaching of the molecules. Results show a weak affinity of the sulcotrione with soil constituents (23% of the applied dose) as well as an easy desorption (99% of the applied dose) leading a weak hysteresis. It degradation in controlled conditions as well as natural was fairly rapid (20% mineralization, 40% of extractible residues and 30% of bound residues after 60 days). This led to the apparition of two metabolites with mainly CMBA. Percolates obtained in soil columns did confmn the mobility properties of the sulcotrione (14% of the applied dose) after a period of one month. The changes in organic amendments highlighted that the aggregates of soils amended with compost manure, in comparison to traditional amendment, showed a higher stability and a less developed network of interconnected macro-pores. These modifications decrease the availability of the intraaggregates adsorption sites towards pesticides. Our results hypothesize that we would tend towards same environmental difficultes if the sulcotrione was as much applied as atrazine
Nivelle, Élodie. "Évaluation des effets de l'azote et des herbicides sur les indicateurs qualitatifs du sol dans des agrosystèmes contrastés." Thesis, Amiens, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AMIE0026/document.
Full textNowadays, the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers and herbicides is required to ensure cropping systems productivity and meet the demand for food of a growing population. However, the potential effects of these synthetic products on agrosystem’s below- and above-ground properties have been described to be dependent of soil physicochemical and biological characteristics on which they are applied. Especially, it seems that soils under no-till and continuous cover-cropping, characterized by contrasted edaphic properties as compared to soils managed under annual plowing, may change the non-target effects of certain herbicides. Several field experiments, as well as two mesocosm studies, evidenced that cropping systems conducted under no-till with continuous cover-cropping were associated to increased organic carbon and nitrogen contents, microbial functional activities, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spore density, and maize root colonization by AMF. Secondly, nitrogen fertilization induced negative effects on soil biological indicators such as dehydrogenase activity while it improved plant productivity and nymph survival of certain above-ground pests. Thirdly, glyphosate, a total herbicide, increased degradation time of organic substrates, while it did not change AMF activity when applied alone. However, the combinaison of glyphosate plus nitrogen fertilization in a soil fertilized over a 6-year period led to a decreased root colonization of bean by AMF. Thus, the long term nitrogen fertilization is capable to change the non-target effects of glyphosate. Finally, S-Metolachlor, a selective herbicide, increased nitrate content of soils subjected to no-till, while those conducted under annual plowing revealed no effect, and increased ammonium content of earthworm casts in soils managed under no-till with nitrogen fertilization for 6 years. We conclude that the effects of herbicides on agrosystem's above- and below-ground properties are mainly due to the combination with other agricultural practices such as nitrogen fertilization
Leclercq, Nicolas. "Influence de l'augmentation de la pression partielle de co 2 sur le metabolisme des coraux et des communautes recifales : approche experimentale." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112036.
Full textCHAUVET, STEPHANIE. "Effets de la fragmentation forestiere sur les interactions plantes-animaux : consequences pour la regeneration vegetale." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066049.
Full textTredez, Marion Corpet Denis. "Méta-analyse des effets protecteurs des probiotiques sur la cancérogenèse colorectale chez les rongeurs." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/1706/1/These-Vet-Tredez-Marion.pdf.
Full textCharley, Bernard. "Coronavirus de la gastroentérite transmissible du porc : mécanismes d'induction, production et effets de l'interféron alpha." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10043.
Full textTasselli, Chevalier Maddalena. "Effets de la roténone sur le système nerveux entérique." Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=b5034f4f-3458-46e3-a560-4c40d745e169.
Full textParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second disease in term of frequency: its prevalence is estimated to be 1,8% of the population aged over 65. PD is a specific neurodegenerative pathology targeting the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta and associated with the presence of intracellular proteins aggregates, termed Lewy bodies in the remaining surviving neurons. Remarquably alpha-synuclein, a protein involved in familial forms of PD, has been described to be the main component of Lewy bodies. The lack of dopamine is mainly responsible of the motors symptoms, nonetheless recent studies showed the possibility of an extra-nigral injury. Recently the enteric nervous system (ENS) has received a particular interest for different reasons: (i) it has a functional and anatomical organisation similar to the CNS, (ii) it is involved in the pathological process before the CNS, (iii) it is responsible of digestive disorders. It has been proposed that PD results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Among those environmental toxins, rotenone has been proposed to play a central role in the pathophysiological process. It may be able to penetrate the organism either by respiratory and digestive tract. During my thesis my work has been focused the effects of rotenone on the ENS both in vitro using a rat primary culture and in vivo using an oral intoxication animal model
Nourgalieva, Kalamkas J. "Effets biologiques des faibles doses d'irradiation sur les organismes humains et animaux : observations et expériences effectuées en France et au Kazakhstan entre 1995 et 2000." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1B079.
Full textBourgoin, Frédéric. "Caractérisation de l'association entre les effets vasculaires et métaboliques de l'insuline chez des rats insulino-résistants et ayant un surplus de poids." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23506/23506.pdf.
Full textInsulin resistance (IR) plays a role in the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This study was initiated to characterize vascular and metabolic dysregulations in a rat model with IR fed a high fat high sucrose diet (HFHS). Insulin sensitivity, endothelial function and eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) gene expression were studied. The results indiquate that the HFHS diet induce an alteration of the vasodilation associated with a reduction of eNOS protein expression in skeletal muscles and thoracic aorta. Also, a reduction of NO (nitric oxide) bioavailability was observed, linked with an augmentation of nitrotyrosine and endothelin. This study show that eNOS is crucial in the development of metabolic and vascular diseases and that there is a geneenvironnement interaction in NO regulation.
Ravel, Guillaume. "Auto-immunité et effets immunotoxiques des xénobiotiques : contribution des modèles animaux à l'étude des mécanismes d'induction." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10147.
Full textJallier, Vincent. "Digestion des galacto-oligosaccharides et effets nutritionnels chez le poulet de chair." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPL039N.
Full textToday soyabean meal is largely used in the nutrition of monogastric animaIs. However, its digestibUity seerns not to be optimal for broiler chickens. Soya contains various molecules considered as indigestible, like galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which L. Might be at least partly responsible for the limited value of metabolisable energy in chickens. The fact that GOS carmot be hydrolyzed by the endogenous enzymes of the host represents a loss of energy. Although the GOS can be fermented in the caeca, their contribution to the energetic balance value is unclear. Ln addition it is assumed that the presence of GOS in a feed has a negative impact on its energetic value. Ln the literature the effects of GOS on the nutritive value of a feed are still unclear because, even if GOS are considered as anti-nutritional factors, their presence in a feed is not correlated with a clear reduction of animal performance. A first experiment with concentration of GOS close to that of feed used in the poultry industry could not demonstrate anti-nutritional properties of these molecules. A second type of experiment based on the substitution of basal feed by GOS (replacement method) was performed to evaluate the energetic value of the GOS in vivo and deterrnine their effects on caecal fermentation, intestinal transit time and more generally on the digestibility of the feed. Ln addition an in vitro experiment was carried out to study the influence on the fermentation profile in relation to the quantities of GOS added. The results of the experiments showed that there is substantial pre-caecal disappearance of GOS from the gut, although the principal site of degradation is the caeca. The contribution of GOS to the energetic value of the feed seerns to be neutral despite an acceleration of the intestinal transit and a reduction of the dry matter digestibUity which were observed when high quantities of GOS were ingested. The fermentation pathway in the caeca was influenced dose-dependently a daily intake of "medium quantities" of GOS stirnulated the production of short chain fatty acids (AGCC) while the intake of "high quantities" of GOS decreased the production of AGCC and sti. Rnulated the production of lactate. The results obtained during the thesis showed that the major anti-nutritional consequence of the presenœ of GOS in the feed is a dilution of the digestible dry matter used by the animal for its growth
Véran, Sophie. "Quantifier l'impact des activités humaines à partir de données incomplètes : effets de la pêche palangrière sur l'albatros à pieds noirs." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20185.
Full textVincent, Annabelle Carole. "Effets de la suppression du stress de la naissance et de l'adoption sur le développement et le comportement de jeunes rats." Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUEL458.
Full textAt least in mammals, birth represents an important physical stress for the newborn. The present study was aimed to dtermine the effects of elimination of this "birth stress" on development and behavior of young term rats, observed until the adult stage. The second aim of this study was to determine the short-and-long-term consequences of fostering at birth. Several experiments were organized to test the influence of the mode of delivery (cesarean section or spontaneous vaginal delivery), the cesarean delivery allowing the avoidance by fetuses of suffering stress due to their compression of the genital tract during strong uterine contractions and acute birth hypoxia, and the postnatal development environment (fostering or rearing by the natural mother). The foster dams were spontaneously dillivered two days peviously or at the same time than other biological dams, and their behavior was also studied. The results show that : - corticoid secretion, at birth, was lower in rat pups delivered by cesarean section than in those naturally born, indicating that natural birth is indeed a stressful event. - in-fostering modified dam's activities directly towards the pups, but the mode of pups'birth seemed to have no major effect on maternal behavior - in-fostering per se resulted in mortality of neonates soon following adoption but; which continued at least throughout the first month of life, with a neonatal growth retardation of surviving pups fostered by dams which were delivered two days previously, an enhanced trait anxiety, modifications of social behavior, and impairments of working memory. - cesarean section birth had catastrophic effects on death and weight gain of survivors at least throughout the neonatalperiod, and elicited a long-lasting hyperactivity only in rats fostered by dams which delivered two days previously, disturbances of emotional behavior, behavioral modifications during social interactions and dysfunction in short-or long-term memory. Thus, mild modification of birth conditions or early change of maternal environment is sufficient to influence the development of young and the emotional and cognitive functions of adult
Lo, Ying Ping Voon Kiat. "Contribution à l'étude des scléroses pulmonaires dues au Paraquat." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M054.
Full textGrébil, Géraldine. "Rétention, dégradation et mobilité tébutame : approche modélisée en conditions contrôlées et naturelles." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL097N.
Full textMarc, Julie. "Effets toxiques d'herbicides à base de glyphosate sur la régulation du cycle cellulaire et le développement précoce en utilisant l'embryon d'oursin." Rennes 1, 2004. http://hal.upmc.fr/tel-01117570.
Full textBeauchamp, Philippe. "Effets protecteurs du préconditionnement de cellules endothéliales de rat en culture. Effets sur l'adhésion des neutrophiles et sur l'expression d'ICAM-1 après anoxie et réoxygénation." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES069.
Full textRomdhane, Sana. "Les herbicides β-tricétones : devenir et impact écotoxicologique dans des sols agricoles et caractérisation de souches bactériennes dégradantes." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0027.
Full textThis work aims to describe the ecodynamics of synthetic (sulcotrione and mesotrione) and natural (leptospermone) -triketone herbicides and to estimate their ecotoxicological impact on the bacterial community in arable soils. The processes involved in the dissipation of these herbicides (adsorption and biodegradation) have been studied in soil microcosms. Two bacterial strains, Bradyrhizobium sp. SRl able to degrade sulcotrione and mesotrione, and Methylophilus sp. LS1 degrading leptospermone, have been isolated. A bank of 12 ooo mutants of Bradyrhizobium sp. SR1 was established allowing the selection of two Sul•mutants but interrupted genes didn't code for enzymes degrading sulcotrione. The ecotoxicological impact of synthetic (sulcotrione) and natural (leptospermone) triketones on soil bacterial community was estimated using metagenomics and metabolomic tools. Leptospermone transitory modified the diversity and composition of the bacterial community, in accordance with its persistence in soil. Sulcotrione did not modified neither the diversity nor the composition of the bacterial community. The combination of metagenomics and metabolomics is promising for the assessment of ecotoxicological impact of herbicides on soil microorganisms
Sénéchal, Stéphanie. "Effets du diesel dans les maladies allergiques : modulation de la synthèse de chimiokines et développement d'un modèle allergique in vivo." Lille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL2MT12.
Full textPesce, Stéphane. "Effets de pesticides sur l'activité et la diversité des communautés microbiennes d'un milieu lotique récepteur." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF21705.
Full textChapitre C : Evolution des communautés microbiennes dans un cours d'eau soumis à l'apport régulier de pesticides (Jauron, Puy-de-Dôme). Comparaison au cours de 2 années successives (2003 et 2004)
Cantin, Jean-François. "Neurotoxicité du mercure méthylé : effets protecteurs du sélénium pendant le développement prénatal murin?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57807.pdf.
Full textReyes, Perez Eneida. "Chimie multiphasique des pesticides dans l'air : distribution et photoréactivité." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6048.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the environmental fate of pesticides, particularly in the atmosphere. We are interested on their partitioning between the different phases of the atmosphere and their photolysis in the environment. The partitioning between aqueous and gaseous phases in the atmosphere depends on the Henry’s law constant (H) while the partitioning between atmospheric particulate and gaseous phases is related to their vapor pressure. Henry’s law constants of two widely used herbicides, namely EPTC and trifluralin, were determined as a function of temperature (278 – 293 K) using a device based on a dynamic air/water equilibrium. The obtained results are the first experimental temperature dependence of H for trifluralin and the second one for EPTC. The measurements performed between 278 and 293 K have been used to determine the Van't Hoff expressions of H for both compounds and the corresponding enthalpies of solvation. Our data obtained at 283 K have also helped to calculate that only 0. 3% of gaseous EPTC and 0. 8% of gaseous trifluralin could be scavenged by clouds droplets, which can be considered as negligible. Thus, EPTC and trifluralin are almost exclusively present in the gas phase where degradation takes place through photochemical reactions [. . . ]
Voss, Joshua C. "Forage Adaptability Trials for Forage and Seed Production in Bolivia; Effect of 5 Herbicides on 7 Native Utah Forbs." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1121.
Full textLafouissi-Elkhadiri, Rabia. "Retentissement de différents types d'environnements extrêmes (stress et microgravité simulée) sur le comportement en open-field et sur l'aminotransférase de la tyrosine chez le rat Wistar." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10145.
Full textArista, Puigferrat Enrique. "Digestion comparée chez les ovins et les caprins : effets du passé alimentaire des animaux et de la nature du régime." Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS070.
Full textMottier, Antoine. "Effets de l’exposition aux herbicides chez des mollusques marins exploites, approche in vitro chez l’ormeau, Haliotis tuberculata et approche in vivo chez l’huitre creuse, Crassostrea gigas." Caen, 2013. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01153793.
Full textThis work aimed to assess the effects of worldwide used herbicides on two economically important mollusc species : the abalone Haliotis tuberculata and the cupped oyster Crassostrea gigas. The researches dealt with in vitro and in vivo laboratory experiments. In vitro experiments on H. Tuberculata haemocytes were performed in order to assess the effects of an active matter (glyphosate), a commercial formulation (Roundup express : REX) and a mixture of adjuvants (POEAs). Results showed a greater toxicity of exposures to REX and POEAs which appeared to act on biological membranes. In vivo experiments on C. Gigas also clearly demonstrated the toxicity of commercial formulations and adjuvants. Bioassays on early life stages (D veliger and pediveliger) allowed us to assess the toxicity of a relatively large number of active matters (glyphosate, mecoprop, mecoprop-p), degradation compounds (AMPA, 2-MCP), commercial formulations (RoundupR ) and adjuvant mixture (POEAs). Results provided interesting information on the relative toxicity of the tested chemicals and showed the sensitivity of the earliest life stage (i. E. D veliger larvae). Long time exposures (up to 56 days) of C. Gigas juveniles revealed an activation of the defense mechanisms at the molecular level but also physiological perturbations with a slowdown in growth and gametogenesis of oysters exposed to the lowest doses of Roundup and POEAs (i. E at the dose of 0. 1 μg L-1 which could be measured in the environment). Environmentally relevant doses of pesticides cannot lead to oyster mortality but could be considered as additional stressors during the periods prior to summer mortalities
Nivoit, Pierre. "Effets microcirculatoires des LDL modififées : étude, in vivo, chez la souris." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10090.
Full textRenoir, Thibault. "Mécanismes sérotoninergiques sous-tendant les effets de la MDMA ("ecstasy") chez la souris." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P608.
Full textThe appetitive effects of MDMA have been evaluated using self-administration and microdialysis procedure. We’ve also studied putative long term adaptative changes following MDMA teatment. Our data show that 5-HTT-/- mice did not self-administrate MDMA when wild-type mice did. The absence of self-administration exhibited by 5-HTT-/- mice could be related to the blunted MDMA-induced 5-HT release observed in these same KO mice. About the long term effects of MDMA, we’ve found an increase of 5-HT1A autoreceptor sensitivity associated with a decrease of 5-HT tissue levels. Our data suggest also a decrease of cell proliferation 28 days after the MDMA treatment in WT mice. Finally MDMA-treated mice displayed a depressive-like behavior compared to saline-teated mice using the forced swim test. Interestingly all the adaptative changes following MDMA treatment were observed in WT mice but not in 5-HTT-/- mice
Urani, Alexandre. "Effets des agonistes du récepteur [sigma]1 (sigma1) dans un modèle animal de dépression. Interaction avec les neurostéroi͏̈des." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20220.
Full text