Academic literature on the topic 'Animus'

The racial animus model argues that public support for punitive sentencing of criminal offenders is shaped by threat perceptions associated with cultural minority groups. This study applies the racial animus model to examine support for the punitive sentencing of criminal offenders in the United States and Australia. It also examines whether racial animus mediates the possible difference in punitive attitudes between each country toward different crime types. Online survey data were obtained in the US and Australia to assess racial animus and punitive attitudes using six different crime scenarios. Results indicate that (a) individuals with higher levels of racial animus demonstrate greater levels of punitiveness; (b) Australians have higher levels of racial animus as compared to their US counterparts; and (c) racial animus mediates the difference of punitive attitudes between the two countries. Overall, punitive attitudes and racial animus vary cross-culturally, with Australians demonstrating more racial animus. Our mediation model provides evidence for the importance of racial animus in the cross-cultural demand for the punishment of criminal offenders.

Hanc quoque ‘iucunditatem’, si vis, transfer in animum (‘iuvare’ enim in utroque dicitur, ex eoque ‘iucundum’), rnodo intellegas inter ilium qui dicatTanta laetitia auctus sum ut nihil constetet eum quiNunc demum mihi animus ardet,quorum alter laetitia gestiat, alter dolore crucietur, esse ilium medium [Quamquam haec inter nos nuper notitia admodum est] qui nee laetetur nee angatur, itemque inter eum qui potiatur corporis expetitis voluptatibus et eum qui crucietur summis doloribus esse eum qui utroque careat.

This research discusses animus personality within some female major characters of Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire: A Game of Thrones novel. It is aims to describe the implication of psychological study towards the field of literature. Those female major characters chosen are Arya Stark and Sansa Stark.. The theory applied by the writers in this research is the animus theory developed by Carl Jung. The writers use Carl Jung’s animus stage of development which consists of four stages of development that are The Man of Power, The Man of Action, The Man of Word and The Man of Meaning. The findings of the analysis show that as what Carl Jung believes that animus imprint exists in women’s characters. The difference is only about how far the animus dominated the women itself.

Samostalnik animus zavzema v Terencijevi Andriji zelo pomembno mesto. Ob analizi primerov v Andriji ugotovimo, daje dejanska pomenska vrednost samostalnika določena z njegovo stavčno viogo in vsebinskimi dopolnili, ki natančneje pojasnjujejo njegove lastnosti. Tako je tudi zgolj s slovnično interpretacijo mogoče zadovoljivo opredeliti Terencijevo pojmovanje duševnosti, katere izhodišče predstavlja prav samostalnik animus kot središče zavesti in čustvovanja.

Abstract “Art as a way of knowledge” examines ways in which themes of spiritual development and ultimate transformation can be expressed through movement. The discussion follows the artist through the phases of creation of a dance video, Animus, and offers a Jungian interpretation of the piece. Animus looks at one woman’s journey of spiritual transformation. It shows a central female character (the anima), moving in and out of relationship with three male characters, two human and one animal, who represent her masculine side, or animus. Moving through a dreamscape of her own unconscious, she begins to interact more consciously with her masculine side and eventually comes to terms with it. Ultimately, she overcomes fragmentation and integrates male and female, spirit and body in the composite symbol of the Self at the end.

This paper is an analysis of two Lithuanian documentary films – Rugilė Barzdžiukaitė’s “Acid Forest” (Rūgštus miškas, 2018) and Aistė Žegulytė’s “Animus Animalis (A Story about People, Animals and Things)” (Animus Animalis (Istorija apie žmones, žvėris ir daiktus)) (2018). Both of these films re-evaluate the way animals are being represented in cinema. The analysis will be conducted within three frameworks: Lithuanian poetic documentary, nature or wildlife documentaries and animal studies in the field of film studies. While both “Acid Forest” and “Animus Animalis” employ cinematic language that is common to Lithuanian poetic documentary, they both broaden the genre not only with their aesthetic decisions, but also by extending its thematic focus usually limited to human interest. By changing the elements of conventional nature or wildlife documentaries these films manage to question the power dynamics of different species. They create a new sensibility towards nonhuman living creatures by reorganizing the point of view usually belonging to human beings, even by limiting spatial and temporal freedom of the spectator. Interdisciplinary focus on animal studies within the field of film studies sets another important framework that helps us understand why “Acid Forest” and “Animus Animalis” become relevant case studies: they widen the field of documentary cinema in the local context and they are also a part of a global shift in documentary filmmakers’ approach towards nonhuman beings.

One of Horace's best-known allegations inEpistles1 is that where in the world you are is neither here nor there, as long as you have peace of mind (animus aequus):caelum non animum mutant qui trans mare currunt.strenua nos exercet inertia; nauibus atquequadrigis petimus bene uiuere. quod petis, hie est,est Vlubris, animus si te non deficit aequus.(Hor.Ep. 1.11.27-30)Cross the sea, and you change your climate, not your mental state. Restless idleness drives us on. In ships and chariots we seek the good life. What you seek is here, it's even at Ulubrae—if your mind is only at peace with itself.This turns out to be one of the book's hugest lies. It makes all the difference how Horace and his correspondents are placed when he is writing to them: Rome is different from backwater Ulubrae, Baiae from Brundisium. InMorals and Villas in Seneca's Letters, John Henderson has attached similar importance to named locations in calibrating metaphorical distance between Seneca and the correspondent of hisEpistles, Lucilius. This paper aims to close a gap of two centuries between two of the most disparate figures in Latin literature: the same Seneca, that knotted-up recluse, and another Lucilius, the laughing cavalier satirist. The link: a journey made from Rome to Sicily, or, more precisely, the uses of the road to Sicily in epistolary-philosophical discourse (by way of Horace'sSatiresandEpistles). Lucilius'Iter Siculumand Seneca's mental journeys to Sicily in theEpistulae Moralesare related stages, I will argue, in the philosophical applications of travel writing.

<p class="APABody"><em>In English-speaking Western society’s punitive attitudes towards the sentencing of criminal offenders is a well-established phenomenon. Two theoretical models; the Crime-distrust model and Racial-animus model are demonstrated predictors of punitive attitudes. However, little is known about how racial prejudice impacts the association between the public’s crime concerns and their demand for harsher sentencing outcomes. The present study utilises online survey data obtained from a convenience sample of 566 Australian residents to examine the Racial-animus model as a mediating agent upon the Crime-distrust model and its relationship with punitive attitudes. A significant indirect effect of racial animus is demonstrated upon the perception of increasing crime rates and public confidence in the court system and punitive attitudes, regardless of whether animus is towards new-immigrants or Indigenous Australians. A significant indirect relationship between fear of crime and the demand for harsher sentencing is only demonstrated through negative perceptions of new immigrants. Results lend support for a mediation model whereby the indirect effect of fear of crime is significant when mediated by negative sentiment towards new-immigrants but not towards Indigenous Australians. Future research using a representative sample of the Australian population is indicated to increase the confidence with which findings are interpreted.</em></p><p class="APABody"><span><br /></span></p>

Archetype is a form of universal thought (idea) that contains of huge emotion. Archetype constitutes a permanent deposit or collective unconsciousness in psyche (soul) from the constantly repeated for many generations. Archetype consists of persona, anima and animus, and shadows. The short story “Jangan Tatap Sukuku” describes archetype of Komering society (tribe). By using psychological literature approach, those archetypes are found. Persona is related to the general description of Komering society represented by Yuza. Anima and animus are the interchangeable side of Yuza’s femininity and Risti’s masculinity. Shadows relates to the stereotype of Komering society as collectivity, and some individual cases as individual representation of Komering tribe.

O objeto deste trabalho será analisar criticamente a maneira como o direito conceitua a doação. Será dividido em três partes. O Capítulo I tratará dos diversos modos como a doação foi estruturada no direito romano, no direito francês, no direito italiano e no direito brasileiro, das razões para essa diversidade e possíveis críticas à estruturação atual. O Capítulo II cuidará dos critérios para delimitar a fattispecie da doação e distingui-la dos demais contratos gratuitos. Normalmente, a doutrina identifica um elemento objetivo e um elemento subjetivo como caracterizadores da doação. O Capítulo III problematizará esses elementos, a fim de indagar sobre a abrangência do conceito jurídico de doação, tendo como base dois aspectos: a possibilidade de a doação ter por objeto prestações de fazer e o papel atribuído ao chamado animus donandi.
The purpose of this thesis is to analize critically the legal concept of gift. It will be divided into three parts. Chapter I covers the different legal structuring of gifts in Roman Law, French Law, Italian Law and Brazilian Law. The chapter also covers the reasons for the existence of different concepts and possibile criticism of the actual structure of gifts. Chapter II deals with the criteria for defining a legal concept of gift and the distinction between gifts and other gratuitous contracts. Generally, legal science identifies an objective element and a subjective element as characteristic features of gifts. Chapter III discusses these elements focused on the magnitude of the legal concept of gift in accordance with two aspects: the possibility of gratuitous services to be considered gifts and the role assigned to the so-called animus donandi.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
A interferência da mídia no animus dos jurados em decisões proferidas pelo Tribunal do Júri é nítida, principalmente por ter como juízes o próprio povo. Um dos casos mais emblemáticos é o caso Eliza Samúdio, em que uma jovem teria sido assassinada brutalmente a mando do pai do próprio filho, um jogador de futebol famoso. Atuando em tempos e com discursos diferentes, mídia e judiciário seguiram seus caminhos. Caso complexo, repleto de enigmas e o envolvimento de uma pessoa famosa no meio popular apresentou-se perfeito à imprensa por concentrar em si os três assuntos que mais prendem a atenção popular: o crime, esporte e sexo. Além do enigma: onde estariam os restos mortais da jovem? Dia a dia, momento a momento, a imprensa seguia os passos do inquérito policial e do processo penal com o intuito de passar a notícia e com isso perceber os seus lucros, sendo notório que essa cobertura privilegiou a fase de inquérito e do julgamento, sempre enfatizando a personalidade de Bruno Fernandes como fora dos padrões normais. A mídia assim, autoafirmava como autoridade moralizadora, utilizando da narrativa para tanto. Ao fim, viu-se a ratificação de um veredicto já proferido pela mídia muito tempo antes do julgamento, tendo em vista o populismo penal midiático em que Bruno Fernandes fora condenado à reprimenda maior do que no direito se admitiria, principalmente porque o julgamento pelo Tribunal do Júri é feito através do povo, que confirmou o que escutou durante quase três anos.
The interference in the media animus of jurors in decisions made by court s jury is clear, mainly because the judges were their people. One of the most emblematic cases is the Eliza Samúdio, where a young woman had been brutally murdered at the behest of the father of his own son, a famous soccer player. Acting upon different times and speeches, media and judicial branches went their ways. Complex case replete with enigma and the involvement of a famous person in the popular medium presented the perfect press to focus itself on three issues that mostly catches the popular attention, being crime, sport, sex. Besides the enigma: where were the remains of the young woman? Day by day, moment by moment the press followed the steps of the police investigation and criminal procedure in order to pass the news and thus realize their profits, being clear that this coverage favored the stage press inquiries and judgment, always emphasizing the personality of Bruno Fernandes and outside the normal range. The media so, self claimed authority as moralizing, using the narrative to do so. At the end, found itself ratification of a verdict already delivered by the media long before the trial, in view of the penal populism media where Bruno Fernandes was sentenced to reprimand larger than the right would admit, mainly because the trial by jury is made through the people, which confirmed that heard for almost three years.

Actualmente existe un amplio proceso de discusión sobre la representación de estereotipos en las producciones audiovisuales, es decir en series y películas. Esta investigación forma parte de esta temática, es decir, el estudio se enfoca en la deconstrucción de los estereotipos en las series de televisión. Para lograr este objetivo se utiliza el arquetipo Jungiano animus, este arquetipo se percibe en un personaje femenino de la serie Game of Thrones. Para establecer los estereotipos que se van a estudiar, se escogió únicamente a los que contrasten directamente con las cualidades del animus del personaje. Se utilizan las siguientes cualidades del animus: pensamiento racional, fortaleza y decisión. A través de entrevistas semiestructuradas se estudia la percepción de las cualidades del animus y cómo estas pueden generar un proceso de deconstrucción de los estereotipos femeninos. Al final se concluye que las cualidades percibidas en el personaje estudiado se contraponen de forma directa a los estereotipos femeninos: sensibilidad, debilidad e inseguridad. La herramienta desarrollada a partir del arquetipo animus permite reconocer, delimitar y estudiar los estereotipos femeninos en los personajes femeninos y las futuras construcciones de personajes femeninos.
Currently there is a wide discussion process on the representation of stereotypes in audiovisual productions, that is, in series and movies. This research is part of this theme, in this sense, the study focuses on the deconstruction of stereotypes in television series. To achieve this goal the Jungian archetype animus is used. For the development of this research, a female character from the Game of Thrones series has been used. To establish the stereotypes to be studied, only those that directly contrasted with the character's animus qualities were chosen. In this sense, the following qualities of the animus are used: rational thought, fortitude and decision. Through semi-structured interviews, the perception of the qualities of the animus and how these can generate a process of deconstruction of female stereotypes is studied. In the conclusions, it is observed that the qualities perceived in the studied character are directly opposed to the female stereotypes: sensitivity, weakness and insecurity. In addition, it is clearly stated that the tool developed from the animus archetype allows the recognition, delimitation and study of female stereotypes in female characters and future constructions of female characters.
Trabajo de investigación

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Aproximadamente metade dos pacientes constipados apresenta sintomas de evacuaÃÃo obstruÃda, sendo o anismus uma das principais causas. O objetivo à demonstrar uma nova tÃcnica utilizando a ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinÃmica (USD-3D) para o diagnÃstico do anismus e comparando os resultados com a eletromanometria anorretal. Foram utilizadas neste estudo prospectivo e comparativo 70 mulheres adultas com sintomas de evacuaÃÃo obstruÃda provenientes do ServiÃo de Coloproctologia do Hospital UniversitÃrio Walter CantÃdio da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, no perÃodo entre maio de 2005 a agosto de 2006. A idade variou de 23-79, na mÃdia de 48.72 anos. Todas as pacientes foram inicialmente submetidas à eletromanometria anorretal e, a partir dos resultados, divididas em grupo I, constituÃdo por 40 pacientes normais apresentando relaxamento da musculatura esfincteriana estriada ao esforÃo evacuatÃrio e grupo II com as 30 pacientes restantes com diagnÃstico de anismus. Em seguida, as pacientes de ambos os grupos foram submetidas à ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinÃmica. A tÃcnica consistiu em dois escaneamentos e as imagens estÃticas e dinÃmicas foram devidamente analisadas nos planos axial e longitudinal, observando-se as posiÃÃes do mÃsculo PR entre o repouso e o esforÃo evacuatÃrio. Visando quantificar de forma objetiva os movimentos do mÃsculo PR, foi desenvolvido no plano longitudinal mediano um Ãngulo constituÃdo por uma linha traÃada paralela à borda interna do PR ( 1.5cm ) com uma outra linha vertical, longitudinal ao eixo do canal anal. Esse Ãngulo à calculado no repouso e no esforÃo evacuatÃrio, sendo a mÃdia no repouso de 88.37   4.05 no grupo I e de 89.13   5.73 no grupo II. NÃo houve diferenÃa significativa entre os dois grupos no repouso ( p=0.51 ). A mÃdia do Ãngulo no esforÃo evacuatÃrio no grupo I foi de 98.19   1.18 e no grupo II, de 84.94   1.31, ocorrendo diferenÃa estatisticamente significante entre os dois grupos ( p<0.001 ). A ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinÃmica demonstrou resultados concordantes com a eletromanometria anorretal em 92,86 % com relaÃÃo ao diagnÃstico de anismus em pacientes com sintomas de evacuaÃÃo obstruÃda. Conclui-se que a tÃcnica de ultra-sonografia anorretal dinÃmica apresentada neste estudo pode ser considerada eficaz no diagnÃstico do anismus e com a vantagem de demonstrar simultaneamente a conformaÃÃo anatÃmica dos mÃsculos esfincterianos. .
Aproximadamente metade dos pacientes constipados apresenta sintomas de evacuaÃÃo obstruÃda, sendo o anismus uma das principais causas. O objetivo à demonstrar uma nova tÃcnica utilizando a ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinÃmica (USD-3D) para o diagnÃstico do anismus e comparando os resultados com a eletromanometria anorretal. Foram utilizadas neste estudo prospectivo e comparativo 70 mulheres adultas com sintomas de evacuaÃÃo obstruÃda provenientes do ServiÃo de Coloproctologia do Hospital UniversitÃrio Walter CantÃdio da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, no perÃodo entre maio de 2005 a agosto de 2006. A idade variou de 23-79, na mÃdia de 48.72 anos. Todas as pacientes foram inicialmente submetidas à eletromanometria anorretal e, a partir dos resultados, divididas em grupo I, constituÃdo por 40 pacientes normais apresentando relaxamento da musculatura esfincteriana estriada ao esforÃo evacuatÃrio e grupo II com as 30 pacientes restantes com diagnÃstico de anismus. Em seguida, as pacientes de ambos os grupos foram submetidas à ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinÃmica. A tÃcnica consistiu em dois escaneamentos e as imagens estÃticas e dinÃmicas foram devidamente analisadas nos planos axial e longitudinal, observando-se as posiÃÃes do mÃsculo PR entre o repouso e o esforÃo evacuatÃrio. Visando quantificar de forma objetiva os movimentos do mÃsculo PR, foi desenvolvido no plano longitudinal mediano um Ãngulo constituÃdo por uma linha traÃada paralela à borda interna do PR ( 1.5cm ) com uma outra linha vertical, longitudinal ao eixo do canal anal. Esse Ãngulo à calculado no repouso e no esforÃo evacuatÃrio, sendo a mÃdia no repouso de 88.37   4.05 no grupo I e de 89.13   5.73 no grupo II. NÃo houve diferenÃa significativa entre os dois grupos no repouso ( p=0.51 ). A mÃdia do Ãngulo no esforÃo evacuatÃrio no grupo I foi de 98.19   1.18 e no grupo II, de 84.94   1.31, ocorrendo diferenÃa estatisticamente significante entre os dois grupos ( p<0.001 ). A ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinÃmica demonstrou resultados concordantes com a eletromanometria anorretal em 92,86 % com relaÃÃo ao diagnÃstico de anismus em pacientes com sintomas de evacuaÃÃo obstruÃda. Conclui-se que a tÃcnica de ultra-sonografia anorretal dinÃmica apresentada neste estudo pode ser considerada eficaz no diagnÃstico do anismus e com a vantagem de demonstrar simultaneamente a conformaÃÃo anatÃmica dos mÃsculos esfincterianos. .
Aproximadamente metade dos pacientes constipados apresenta sintomas de evacuaÃÃo obstruÃda, sendo o anismus uma das principais causas. O objetivo à demonstrar uma nova tÃcnica utilizando a ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinÃmica (USD-3D) para o diagnÃstico do anismus e comparando os resultados com a eletromanometria anorretal. Foram utilizadas neste estudo prospectivo e comparativo 70 mulheres adultas com sintomas de evacuaÃÃo obstruÃda provenientes do ServiÃo de Coloproctologia do Hospital UniversitÃrio Walter CantÃdio da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, no perÃodo entre maio de 2005 a agosto de 2006. A idade variou de 23-79, na mÃdia de 48.72 anos. Todas as pacientes foram inicialmente submetidas à eletromanometria anorretal e, a partir dos resultados, divididas em grupo I, constituÃdo por 40 pacientes normais apresentando relaxamento da musculatura esfincteriana estriada ao esforÃo evacuatÃrio e grupo II com as 30 pacientes restantes com diagnÃstico de anismus. Em seguida, as pacientes de ambos os grupos foram submetidas à ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinÃmica. A tÃcnica consistiu em dois escaneamentos e as imagens estÃticas e dinÃmicas foram devidamente analisadas nos planos axial e longitudinal, observando-se as posiÃÃes do mÃsculo PR entre o repouso e o esforÃo evacuatÃrio. Visando quantificar de forma objetiva os movimentos do mÃsculo PR, foi desenvolvido no plano longitudinal mediano um Ãngulo constituÃdo por uma linha traÃada paralela à borda interna do PR ( 1.5cm ) com uma outra linha vertical, longitudinal ao eixo do canal anal. Esse Ãngulo à calculado no repouso e no esforÃo evacuatÃrio, sendo a mÃdia no repouso de 88.37   4.05 no grupo I e de 89.13   5.73 no grupo II. NÃo houve diferenÃa significativa entre os dois grupos no repouso ( p=0.51 ). A mÃdia do Ãngulo no esforÃo evacuatÃrio no grupo I foi de 98.19   1.18 e no grupo II, de 84.94   1.31, ocorrendo diferenÃa estatisticamente significante entre os dois grupos ( p<0.001 ). A ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinÃmica demonstrou resultados concordantes com a eletromanometria anorretal em 92,86 % com relaÃÃo ao diagnÃstico de anismus em pacientes com sintomas de evacuaÃÃo obstruÃda. Conclui-se que a tÃcnica de ultra-sonografia anorretal dinÃmica apresentada neste estudo pode ser considerada eficaz no diagnÃstico do anismus e com a vantagem de demonstrar simultaneamente a conformaÃÃo anatÃmica dos mÃsculos esfincterianos. .
Approximately half of the constipated patients shows symptoms of obstructed defecation and anismus is one of the main causes. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a new technique using dynamic three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography for diagnosis of anismus and compare the results with anorectal manometry. This prospective and comparative study was carried out by seventy women with symptoms of obstructed defecation selected from the Colorectal Unit of the Walter CantÃdio University Hospital of the Federal University of the CearÃ, between may 2005 and august 2006. The mean age was 48 years old (range 23 â 79). All the patients were initially submitted to anorectal manometry and then, depending on the results, separated into two groups. Group I, consisting of forty patients with normal results and presenting anal striated muscles relaxation during straining and group II with the thirty remaining patients with diagnosis of anismus. Subsequently, the patients from both groups were submitted to dynamic three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography. The method consisted of two automatic scans at rest and during straining. Then, both images were analyzed in the axial and longitudinal planes in order to identify the PR movements. The technique consisted to determine an angle between a line traced parallel to the internal edge of the PR ( 1.5cm ) with another vertical and perpendicular line with the anal canal axis. This angle is calculated at rest and during straining and the average resting angle size was 88.37 Â Â 4.05 in group I and 89.13 Â Â 5.73 in group II, without significant difference between them ( p=0.51 ). The mean angle size during straining was of 98.19 Â Â 1.18 in group I and 84.94 Â Â 1.31 in group II, showing significant statistical difference ( p<0.001 ). Thus, the dynamic three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography showed the same results of the anal manometry in 92.86 % of the patients regarding anismus diagnosis in patients with symptoms of obstructed defecation. As a conclusion, the dynamic ultrasonography technique showed to be considered efficient for anismus diagnosis, with the advantage to simultaneously demonstrate the anatomical conformation of the anal canal.
Approximately half of the constipated patients shows symptoms of obstructed defecation and anismus is one of the main causes. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a new technique using dynamic three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography for diagnosis of anismus and compare the results with anorectal manometry. This prospective and comparative study was carried out by seventy women with symptoms of obstructed defecation selected from the Colorectal Unit of the Walter CantÃdio University Hospital of the Federal University of the CearÃ, between may 2005 and august 2006. The mean age was 48 years old (range 23 â 79). All the patients were initially submitted to anorectal manometry and then, depending on the results, separated into two groups. Group I, consisting of forty patients with normal results and presenting anal striated muscles relaxation during straining and group II with the thirty remaining patients with diagnosis of anismus. Subsequently, the patients from both groups were submitted to dynamic three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography. The method consisted of two automatic scans at rest and during straining. Then, both images were analyzed in the axial and longitudinal planes in order to identify the PR movements. The technique consisted to determine an angle between a line traced parallel to the internal edge of the PR ( 1.5cm ) with another vertical and perpendicular line with the anal canal axis. This angle is calculated at rest and during straining and the average resting angle size was 88.37 Â Â 4.05 in group I and 89.13 Â Â 5.73 in group II, without significant difference between them ( p=0.51 ). The mean angle size during straining was of 98.19 Â Â 1.18 in group I and 84.94 Â Â 1.31 in group II, showing significant statistical difference ( p<0.001 ). Thus, the dynamic three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography showed the same results of the anal manometry in 92.86 % of the patients regarding anismus diagnosis in patients with symptoms of obstructed defecation. As a conclusion, the dynamic ultrasonography technique showed to be considered efficient for anismus diagnosis, with the advantage to simultaneously demonstrate the anatomical conformation of the anal canal.
Approximately half of the constipated patients shows symptoms of obstructed defecation and anismus is one of the main causes. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a new technique using dynamic three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography for diagnosis of anismus and compare the results with anorectal manometry. This prospective and comparative study was carried out by seventy women with symptoms of obstructed defecation selected from the Colorectal Unit of the Walter CantÃdio University Hospital of the Federal University of the CearÃ, between may 2005 and august 2006. The mean age was 48 years old (range 23 â 79). All the patients were initially submitted to anorectal manometry and then, depending on the results, separated into two groups. Group I, consisting of forty patients with normal results and presenting anal striated muscles relaxation during straining and group II with the thirty remaining patients with diagnosis of anismus. Subsequently, the patients from both groups were submitted to dynamic three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography. The method consisted of two automatic scans at rest and during straining. Then, both images were analyzed in the axial and longitudinal planes in order to identify the PR movements. The technique consisted to determine an angle between a line traced parallel to the internal edge of the PR ( 1.5cm ) with another vertical and perpendicular line with the anal canal axis. This angle is calculated at rest and during straining and the average resting angle size was 88.37 Â Â 4.05 in group I and 89.13 Â Â 5.73 in group II, without significant difference between them ( p=0.51 ). The mean angle size during straining was of 98.19 Â Â 1.18 in group I and 84.94 Â Â 1.31 in group II, showing significant statistical difference ( p<0.001 ). Thus, the dynamic three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography showed the same results of the anal manometry in 92.86 % of the patients regarding anismus diagnosis in patients with symptoms of obstructed defecation. As a conclusion, the dynamic ultrasonography technique showed to be considered efficient for anismus diagnosis, with the advantage to simultaneously demonstrate the anatomical conformation of the anal canal.

LIMA, Doryane Maria dos Reis. Avaliação da eficácia da ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinâmica no diagnóstico de animus em mulheres com evacuação obstruída comparando com a eletromanometria anorreta. 2006. 98 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Cirurgia) - Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza, 2006.
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Approximately half of the constipated patients shows symptoms of obstructed defecation and anismus is one of the main causes. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a new technique using dynamic three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography for diagnosis of anismus and compare the results with anorectal manometry. This prospective and comparative study was carried out by seventy women with symptoms of obstructed defecation selected from the Colorectal Unit of the Walter Cantídio University Hospital of the Federal University of the Ceará, between may 2005 and august 2006. The mean age was 48 years old (range 23 – 79). All the patients were initially submitted to anorectal manometry and then, depending on the results, separated into two groups. Group I, consisting of forty patients with normal results and presenting anal striated muscles relaxation during straining and group II with the thirty remaining patients with diagnosis of anismus. Subsequently, the patients from both groups were submitted to dynamic three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography. The method consisted of two automatic scans at rest and during straining. Then, both images were analyzed in the axial and longitudinal planes in order to identify the PR movements. The technique consisted to determine an angle between a line traced parallel to the internal edge of the PR ( 1.5cm ) with another vertical and perpendicular line with the anal canal axis. This angle is calculated at rest and during straining and the average resting angle size was 88.37 º ± 4.05 in group I and 89.13 º ± 5.73 in group II, without significant difference between them ( p=0.51 ). The mean angle size during straining was of 98.19 º ± 1.18 in group I and 84.94 º ± 1.31 in group II, showing significant statistical difference ( p<0.001 ). Thus, the dynamic three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography showed the same results of the anal manometry in 92.86 % of the patients regarding anismus diagnosis in patients with symptoms of obstructed defecation. As a conclusion, the dynamic ultrasonography technique showed to be considered efficient for anismus diagnosis, with the advantage to simultaneously demonstrate the anatomical conformation of the anal canal.
Aproximadamente metade dos pacientes constipados apresenta sintomas de evacuação obstruída, sendo o anismus uma das principais causas. O objetivo é demonstrar uma nova técnica utilizando a ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinâmica (USD-3D) para o diagnóstico do anismus e comparando os resultados com a eletromanometria anorretal. Foram utilizadas neste estudo prospectivo e comparativo 70 mulheres adultas com sintomas de evacuação obstruída provenientes do Serviço de Coloproctologia do Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio da Universidade Federal do Ceará, no período entre maio de 2005 a agosto de 2006. A idade variou de 23-79, na média de 48.72 anos. Todas as pacientes foram inicialmente submetidas à eletromanometria anorretal e, a partir dos resultados, divididas em grupo I, constituído por 40 pacientes normais apresentando relaxamento da musculatura esfincteriana estriada ao esforço evacuatório e grupo II com as 30 pacientes restantes com diagnóstico de anismus. Em seguida, as pacientes de ambos os grupos foram submetidas à ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinâmica. A técnica consistiu em dois escaneamentos e as imagens estáticas e dinâmicas foram devidamente analisadas nos planos axial e longitudinal, observando-se as posições do músculo PR entre o repouso e o esforço evacuatório. Visando quantificar de forma objetiva os movimentos do músculo PR, foi desenvolvido no plano longitudinal mediano um ângulo constituído por uma linha traçada paralela à borda interna do PR ( 1.5cm ) com uma outra linha vertical, longitudinal ao eixo do canal anal. Esse ângulo é calculado no repouso e no esforço evacuatório, sendo a média no repouso de 88.37 º ± 4.05 no grupo I e de 89.13 º ± 5.73 no grupo II. Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos no repouso ( p=0.51 ). A média do ângulo no esforço evacuatório no grupo I foi de 98.19 º ± 1.18 e no grupo II, de 84.94 º ± 1.31, ocorrendo diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois grupos ( p<0.001 ). A ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional dinâmica demonstrou resultados concordantes com a eletromanometria anorretal em 92,86 % com relação ao diagnóstico de anismus em pacientes com sintomas de evacuação obstruída. Conclui-se que a técnica de ultra-sonografia anorretal dinâmica apresentada neste estudo pode ser considerada eficaz no diagnóstico do anismus e com a vantagem de demonstrar simultaneamente a conformação anatômica dos músculos esfincterianos.

Magíster en Psicología Clínica Adultos
Esta investigación se realizó en el segundo semestre del año 2015, en la ciudad de La Serena. Su propósito fue conocer cómo es la crisis de la mediana edad en una pareja desde la comprensión junguiana. Es un estudio cualitativo interpretativo, paradigma post positivista. Se analizaron los siguientes ejes: Comprensión de la pareja desde la elección inicial/persona/máscara; Estado de individuación al inicio del compromiso matrimonial; Estado del proceso de individuación de los miembros de la pareja; Hermenéutica analítica-simbólica en ambos miembros; Situación actual de la pareja en el proceso terapéutico: Punto de inflexión; Es posible alcanzar la conjunción?; Mirada mitológica de la pareja; Posibilidades terapéuticas para Mónica y Alonso hacia el camino de la Integración. Como enfoque metodológico se utilizó el análisis de contenido en un estudio de caso. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad y registro de observación hasta lograr lo que ambos participantes querían decir exactamente; reformular lo que dijeron, pedir confirmación; indagar por ejemplo, sobre algún gesto, silencio, interrupción, comentario, emoción. Posterior al análisis de contenidos, se contrastaron los resultados con la literatura existente sobre el tema. Los resultados de la investigación son concordantes con la conceptualización de la crisis de la mediana edad desde el pensamiento Junguiano. También se observa una coincidencia en la elección de pareja y su posterior proceso de decepción, realidad que comienza desde el inicio del establecimiento de la pareja

We outline four connections between xenophobia and punitiveness toward criminals in a national sample of Americans. First, among self-identified whites xenophobia is more predictive of punitiveness than specific forms of racial animus. Second, xenophobia and punitiveness are strongly connected among whites, but are only moderately and weakly related among black and Hispanic Americans, respectively. Third, among whites substantial proportions of the variance between sociodemographic, political, and religious predictors of punitiveness are mediated by levels of xenophobia. Finally, xenophobia is the strongest overall predictor of punitiveness among whites. Overall, xenophobia is an essential aspect of understanding public punitiveness, particularly among whites.

Ce travail de recherche vise à présenter une collection de récits traditionnels persans, soit tirés et traduits des ressources indiennes, soit écrits et composés directement en persan dans le sous-continent. Notre attention s'est portée sur les récits en prose qui détiennent plusieurs emprunts de la tradition et la culture indienne, et ceux qui sont enrichis par des éléments narratifs et imaginaires fabuleux. Ces spécificités apparaissent dans de divers aspects : la structure du récit-cadre, les thèmes principaux et les personnages des contes. Les récits indo-persans sélectionnés sont présentés en détail par des informations sur leurs auteurs / traducteurs, la date et le lieu de composition, leurs thématiques, leurs sources originales, les manuscrits disponibles et d'autres références. La recherche actuelle est également un effort pour la pratique et le développement de la perception symbolique dans les récits classiques. Touti-Nâme, choisi comme le corpus de notre étude, nous fournit des scènes sur la vie sociale, les relations intimes et conjugales dans les contextes individuels et sociaux. J’ai examiné les thèmes dominants de la ruse des femmes, du conflit entre le désir et la loi, du rêve et du rire à travers des approches mythiques et symboliques. Le rôle prépondérant des personnages féminins et des perroquets sont étudiés profondément dans les contes. J'ai aussi essayé d'analyser les aspects psychiques des personnages par le biais de l'approche psychanalytique jungienne. Des exemples concrets de l'autorité et des jeux de pouvoir entre les sexes sont donnés dans Touti-Nâme comme spécificité des sociétés traditionnelles patriarcales
The present research aims to introduce a collection of Persian traditional narratives, either translated from Indian sources, or written and composed directly into Persian language in the sub-continent. Our focus has been on prose narratives which hold multiple specificities borrowed from Indian tradition and culture, and are enriched by fabulous and imaginary narrative elements. Such specificities appear in diverse aspects : the frame structure of the stories, the leading themes and the typical Indian characters. These stories are presented in detail by providing information about their authors / translators, date and place of composition, themes, original sources, available manuscripts and other references.The current research is also an endeavor to practice and develop symbolic perception in classical stories. Touti-Nâme, chosen as our target text, demonstrates social life, conjugal relationships and power-struggle in both individual and social contexts. The dominant themes of women’s guiles and tricks, love and law conflict, dream and laughter have been examined through mythical and symbolic approaches. Women characters and birds such as parrots have gone through profound studies due to their predominant roles within the tales. I have also tried to study psychological aspects of story characters and their role in the events by means of the Jungian psychoanalytical approach. Concrete examples of gender authority and power-games in traditional patriarchal societies have been given in Touti-Nâme

Introdução: A prática da atividade leiteira é grande no Brasil, e, para que ela seja realizada de forma eficaz, é necessário que haja bom manejo dos animais. Utilizados no meio pecuário com o intuito de produção alimentar, os animais necessitam de espaço para poderem se manter ativos, confortáveis e produtivos. Com o crescimento das atividades pecuárias e a falta de espaço para manejo, tem sido prática comum o uso de sistemas deconfinamento. O uso destes sistemas deve ser realizado de forma que não traga prejuízos a saúde animal, tendo em vista que isto pode afetar financeiramente o produtor. Então, busca-se sistemas de confinamento que tenham enfoque em conforto animal, como o Freestall e o Compost Barn.Objetivo: Comparar dois sistemas de confinamento em gado leiteiro que buscam bem-estar e conforto dos animais. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica realizada através da leitura de artigos nacionais e internacionais, dedicados ao bem-estar animal e aos sistemas de confinamento para gado leiteiro.Resultados: Os autores pesquisados demonstraram que a alta produtividade, a lucratividade e o bem-estar dos animais estão diretamente interligados. É ressaltado que, não somente a estrutura e o tipo de confinamento, mas também o manejo adequado do animal e do ambiente podem auxiliar para que consigamos intervir em situações de estresse térmico, claudicação, mastite, manqueira, metrite, perda de peso, diminuição dos níveis de cortisol, aumento das interações sociais. Os estudos mostram ainda que, animais submetidos a confinamento do tipo Freestall e Compost Barn - bem manejados - apresentaram melhor bem- estar animal quando comparados a animais que foram submetidos a outros tipos deconfinamento. Há grande potencial no uso de sistemas de confinamento para a produção leiteira. Os estudos referentes a estes tipos de produção ainda são escassos e necessitam de maiores investimentos. Conclusão: Sem uma estrutura planejada e um manejo ade quado em todos os processos, os sistemas de confinamento podem deixar de ser eficazes e passar a ser sistemas que tragam prejuízo para o animal em termos de estresse e doença e, para o agricultor em termos de grande custo e baixa lucratividade.

The effect of the synthetic PSMA peptide on dividing cells of laboratory animals was studied. The experiment was carried out on male white laboratory mice of the BALB/c-line. The toxic effect of PSMA peptidi was evaluated at therapeutic (1.4 μg / kg of animal weight or 0.04 μg / animal) and subtoxic (140 μg / kg of animal weight or 4.0 μg / animal) doses. The cytotoxic effect of PSMA peptide on red bone marrow cells and cambial intestinal cells of the of laboratory mice was determined. A decrease in the proliferative activity of the colon crypt cells was revealed upon administration of a subtoxic dose of the PSMA peptide and there were no signs of toxic damage to the red bone marrow cells of animals. Key words: toxicity, proliferation, synthetic peptides, mitotic index, micronucleus test.

The article considers the significant contribution of the animal protection movement to international law, as well as its impact on the processes of forming civil society and the humanization of social relations. An analysis of the participation of the animal protection movement has been carried out in the development of programs for the humane regulation of the number of stray animals and companion animals, in the organization of educational work. The economic effect of relevant scientifically based and environmentally relevant activities has been estimated.

The article considers the significant contribution of the animal protection movement to international law, as well as its impact on the processes of forming civil society and the humanization of social relations. An analysis of the participation of the animal protection movement has been carried out in the development of programs for the humane regulation of the number of stray animals and companion animals, in the organization of educational work. The economic effect of relevant scientifically based and environmentally relevant activities has been estimated.

Animal breeding relies on two processes to achieve its objectives: the selection and the mating systems. Mating systems devise a particular plan to perform one or more breeding goals, which often encompass improving the herd's health and maximising financial gains in animal production systems. Compensatory mating is a strategy to produce animals with more homogeneous selection trait characteristics, discarding the production of exceptional animals in favour of a more balanced herd. This paper defines and investigates the complexity class of the optimal compensatory mating problem, proving that a polynomial-time algorithm can solve it.

Há uma grande dificuldade em se localizar um animal doméstico perdido e, muitas vezes, eles não possuem nenhum tipo de identificação. Uma das opções para identificação são os microchips, que são implantados sob a pele do animal. Porém, é preciso que alguém encontre o animal e o leve a um veterinário que possua o leitor de microchip para identificá-lo e por conseguinte encontre seu dono. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um ambiente colaborativo utilizando as tecnologias Arduino, RFID e QR Code para auxiliar o monitoramento e identificação de animais domésticos perdidos. O ambiente desenvolvido permite o ingresso de pessoas para participarem de modo colaborativo. Para a coleta de dados foi desenvolvido um protótipo que permite monitorar as ocorrências de animais em um comedouro, coletando dados por meio de um leitor e uma tag RFID.

Introdução: A pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) é um parâmetro de grande relevância dentro da clínica médica de pequenos animais, e quando elevada torna-se fator predisponente para lesões em órgãos-alvos que estão ligados ao controle do fluxo sanguíneo e de vasta rede de capilares como coração, rins, olhos, encéfalo e vasos sanguíneos. Os valores da PAS podem variar entre animais sob influência de diferentes fatores como raça, sexo, idade e o condicionamento físico oscilando entre animais obesos e magros. Objetivo: Tendo em vista a grande importância da aferição da PAS em cães foi realizado um estudo no Centro de Estudos em Pesquisa Animal e Vegetal (CEPAV), pertencente à Universidade Estadual de Goiás, – UEG Campus Oeste – Sede São Luís de Montes Belos, com o objetivo de avaliar a alteração da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) em cães adultos saudáveis, sem histórico de doenças no intervalo de um ano, quando submetidos a um exercício leve durante um período de quinze minutos. Material e métodos: Foram avaliados 14 cães, sendo cada animal o seu próprio controle. Em cada paciente mensurou-se a PAS pelo método não invasivo de Doppler vascular, com auxílio de esfinomanômetro e manguitos com tamanhos de aproximadamente 40% da circunferência do membro de cada animal. Todas as aferições foram realizadas no membro anterior direito, com os animais em decúbito lateral esquerdo. Resultados: Como resultado, constatou-se que não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a PAS arterial sistólica de cães aferida por método Doppler, não se altera após a realização de atividade física leve pelos animais. Recomenda-se a necessidade de um estudo com um número maior de animais e diferentes tempos de atividade física para se garantir maior confiabilidade dos dados.

Animal tagging is a means to identify and distinguish all the individual animals of interest, which applies to wildlife, farm, or laboratory animals. It involves attaching a tag to a specific animal part that contains a unique identifier for each animal. The identifier can be numbers, alphabets, or a combination of both that distinguish and track the animals throughout their lifespans. In rodents, tagging is the most popular identification approach. Typically, tags are made from metals and attached to the outer part of rodent ears, or the ear pinna. In rare circumstances, metal tags can also be attached to the rodent’s leg or tail.

The World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) regularly updates its international standards in accordance with new scientific information and technological advances. These standards contribute to improving animal health, animal welfare and veterinary public health, and facilitate the safe trade of animals and animal products. However, many WOAH Members face challenges in implementing them. It is important for WOAH to understand to what extent our standards are being implemented, and identify the barriers to their implementation. This knowledge will help us improve the standard-setting process and better support our Members in the future.

Many wildlife management situations require the disposal of animal carcasses. These can include the lethal removal of wildlife to resolve damage or conflicts, as well as clean-up after mortalities caused by vehicle collisions, disease, oil spills or other natural disasters. Carcasses must be disposed of properly to protect public sensitivities, the environment, and public health. Improper disposal of carcasses can result in public outrage, site contamination, injury to animals and people, and the attraction of other animals that may lead to wildlife damage issues. Concern over ground water contamination and disease transmission from improper carcass disposal has resulted in increased regulation. Successful carcass disposal programs are cost-effective, environmentally sound, and protective of public health. In addition, disposal practices must demonstrate sensitivity to public perception while adhering to state and local guidelines. This publication discusses the range of options available for the responsible disposal of animal carcasses.

The role of animals in food systems, and the degree to which their needs should be accounted for as compared to humans, are ethical issues about which there is both concern and disagreement. <br/>This building block explains what is meant by the concept of animal welfare.

Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to determine whether mechanical vibration increases alveolar bone density in animals models and their possible application during orthodontic treatment. In this sense, the focused question is: Is the increase in alveolar bone density by mechanical vibrations in animal models an alternative to improve bone quality during orthodontic treatment? Eligibility criteria: All published animal studies will be included. Animal studies where high or low frequency vibrations were be applied, Articles where density or osteogenesis were be measured and compared to a control group. All publications will be considered except for those where the full-text article will not available, or the authors’ affiliation or the place of publication will not be specified. Only articles published in English.

Many people enjoy wildlife. Nationwide, Americans spend over $144 billion annually on fishing, hunting, and wildlife-watching activities. However, wildlife is not always welcome in or near homes, buildings, or other property and can cause significant damage or health and safety issues. Many people who experience a wildlife conflict prefer to resolve the issue without harming the offending animal. Of the many options available (i.e., habitat modification, exclusion, repellents) for addressing nuisance wildlife problems, translocation—capturing and moving—of the offending animal is often perceived to be effective. However, trapping and translocating wild animals is rarely legal nor is it considered a viable solution by wildlife professionals for resolving most nuisance wildlife problems. Reasons to avoid translocating nuisance wildlife include legal restrictions, disease concerns, liability issues associated with injuries or damage caused by a translocated animal, stress to the animal, homing behavior, and risk of death to the animal. Translocation is appropriate in some situations such as re-establishing endangered species, enhancing genetic diversity, and stocking species in formerly occupied habitats. The main focus of this publication, however, is to address nuisance wildlife issues that may be commonly encountered by homeowners and nuisance wildlife control professionals.