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Journal articles on the topic 'Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization (AROP)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Giri, Chandan, Jen-Yu Chang, Pierre Canisius Mbarushimana, and Paul A. Rupar. "The Anionic Polymerization of a tert-Butyl-Carboxylate-Activated Aziridine." Polymers 14, no. 16 (2022): 3253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163253.

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N-Sulfonyl-activated aziridines are known to undergo anionic-ring-opening polymerizations (AROP) to form polysulfonyllaziridines. However, the post-polymerization deprotection of the sulfonyl groups from polysulfonyllaziridines remains challenging. In this report, the polymerization of tert-butyl aziridine-1-carboxylate (BocAz) is reported. BocAz has an electron-withdrawing tert-butyloxycarbonyl (BOC) group on the aziridine nitrogen. The BOC group activates the aziridine for AROP and allows the synthesis of low-molecular-weight poly(BocAz) chains. A 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis of poly(BocAz

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2

Meisner, Quinton J., Sisi Jiang, Pengfei Cao, Tobias Glossmann, Andreas Hintennach, and Zhengcheng Zhang. "An in situ generated polymer electrolyte via anionic ring-opening polymerization for lithium–sulfur batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 46 (2021): 25927–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta08244b.

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Solid polymer electrolytes were synthesized for Li–S battery via in situ anionic ring-opening polymerization (AROP) of an episulfide monomer initiated by the nucleophilic lithium sulfides/polysulfides which are generated during the initial discharge cycle.

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3

Domiński, Adrian, Tomasz Konieczny, Magdalena Zięba, Magdalena Klim та Piotr Kurcok. "Anionic Polymerization of β-Butyrolactone Initiated with Sodium Phenoxides. The Effect of the Initiator Basicity/Nucleophilicity on the ROP Mechanism". Polymers 11, № 7 (2019): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11071221.

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It was shown that selected sodium phenoxide derivatives with different basicity and nucleophilicity, such as sodium p-nitrophenoxide, p-chlorophenoxide, 1-napthoxide, phenoxide and p-methoxyphenoxide, are effective initiators in anionic ring-opening polymerization (AROP) of β-butyrolactone in mild conditions. It was found that phenoxides as initiators in anionic ring-opening polymerization of β-butyrolactone behave as strong nucleophiles, or weak nucleophiles, as well as Brønsted bases. The resulting polyesters possessing hydroxy, phenoxy and crotonate initial groups are formed respectively by

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4

Çatiker, Efkan, Songül Kirlak, Mehmet Atakay та Bekir Salih. "Synthesis and characterization of novel poly(α-methyl β-alanine-b-lactone)s through hydrogen-transfer and ring-opening polymerization". Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 33, № 1 (2022): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2022-0011.

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Abstract A series of novel poly(α-methyl β-alanine-b-lactone)s were prepared by a combination of hydrogen-transfer polymerization (HTP) of methacrylamide (MAm) and anionic ring-opening polymerization (AROP) of β-propiolactone (BPL), β-butyrolactone (BBL), and δ-valerolactone (DVL). For this purpose, poly(α-methyl β-alanine) (PmBA) having a living anionic end-group for a further extension was obtained via HTP of MAm. The anionic end-group on PmBA chains were used as initiation sites for AROP of BPL, BBL, and DVL. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonan

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5

Goff, Jonathan, Santy Sulaiman, and Barry Arkles. "Applications of Hybrid Polymers Generated from Living Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization." Molecules 26, no. 9 (2021): 2755. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092755.

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Increasingly precise control of polymer architectures generated by “Living” Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization (Living AROP) is leading to a broad range of commercial ad-vanced material applications, particularly in the area of siloxane macromers. While academic reports on such materials remain sparse, a significant portion of the global population interacts with them on a daily basis—in applications including medical devices, microelectronics, food packaging, synthetic leather, release coatings, and pigment dispersions. The primary driver of this increased utilization of si

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6

Belkhiri, Achraf, Nick Virgilio, Valérie Nassiet, Hélène Welemane, France Chabert, and Olivier De Almeida. "Tailoring the Hydroxyl Density of Glass Surface for Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Polyamide 6 to Manufacture Thermoplastic Composites." Polymers 14, no. 17 (2022): 3663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14173663.

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Reactive thermoplastics matrices offer ease of processing using well-known molding techniques (such as Resin Transfer Molding) due to their initially low viscosity. For Polyamide 6 (PA6)/glass composites, the hydroxyl groups on the glass surface slow down the anionic ring-opening polymerization (AROP) reaction, and can ultimately inhibit it. This work aims to thoroughly control the hydroxyl groups and the surface chemistry of glass particulates to facilitate in situ AROP-an aspect that has been barely explored until now. A model system composed of a PA6 matrix synthesized by AROP is reinforced

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7

Osváth, Zsófia, Anita Szőke, Szabolcs Pásztor, Györgyi Szarka, László Balázs Závoczki та Béla Iván. "Post-Polymerization Heat Effect in the Production of Polyamide 6 by Bulk Quasiliving Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactam with Industrial Components: A Green Processing Technique". Processes 8, № 7 (2020): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8070856.

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Bulk, solventless anionic ring-opening polymerization (AROP) of ε-caprolactam (CPL) with high yields, without side products and with short reaction times, initiated by caprolactamate-carbamoylcaprolactam initiating systems belong to green polymerization processes, leading to poly(ε-caprolactam) (Polyamide 6, PA6, Nylon 6). However, the effect of post-polymerization heat (i.e., slow, technically feasible cooling) on the fundamental characteristics of the resulting polymers such as yield and molecular weight distributions (MWDs) have not been revealed thus far. Significant post-polymerization ef

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8

Lagarinhos, Joana, Sara Magalhães da Silva, and José Martinho Oliveira. "Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Polyamide 6/Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanocomposites Obtained via In Situ Polymerization: Effect of Nanofiller Size." Polymers 15, no. 20 (2023): 4109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15204109.

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Thermoplastic resin transfer molding (T-RTM) technology was applied to synthesize graphene nanoplatelets-based nanocomposites via anionic ring-opening polymerization (AROP). Polyamide 6 (PA6) was obtained by AROP and was used as the polymeric matrix of the developed nanocomposites. The non-isothermal crystallization behavior of PA6 and nanocomposites was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Nanocomposites with 0.5 wt.% of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) with two different diameter sizes were prepared. Results have shown that the crystallization temperature shifted to higher value

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9

So, Jae Il, Chung Soo Lee, Ji Young Jung, et al. "Optimization and Characterization of the F-LSR Manufacturing Process Using Quaternary Ammonium Silanolate as an Initiator for Synthesizing Fluorosilicone." Polymers 14, no. 24 (2022): 5502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245502.

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Due to the growing demand for versatile hybrid materials that can withstand harsh conditions (below −40 °C), fluorosilicone copolymers are becoming promising materials that can overcome the limited operating temperature of conventional rubber. In order to synthesize a fluorosilicone copolymer, a potent initiator capable of simultaneously initiating various siloxane monomers in anionic ring-opening polymerization (AROP) is required. In this study, tetramethyl ammonium silanolate (TMAS), a quaternary ammonium (QA) anion, was employed as an initiator for AROP, thereby fluoro-methyl-vinyl-silicone

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10

Ageyeva, Sibikin, and Kovács. "A Review of Thermoplastic Resin Transfer Molding: Process Modeling and Simulation." Polymers 11, no. 10 (2019): 1555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101555.

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The production and consumption of polymer composites has grown continuously through recent decades and has topped 10 Mt/year. Until very recently, polymer composites almost exclusively had non-recyclable thermoset matrices. The growing amount of plastic, however, inevitably raises the issue of recycling and reuse. Therefore, recyclability has become of paramount importance in the composites industry. As a result, thermoplastics are coming to the forefront. Despite all their advantages, thermoplastics are difficult to use as the matrix of high-performance composites because their high viscosity

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11

Khalil, Ali, Saad Saba, Catherine Ribault, et al. "Synthesis of Poly(Dimethylmalic Acid) Homo- and Copolymers to Produce Biodegradable Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Cell Uptake and Biocompatibility Evaluation in Human Heparg Hepatoma Cells." Polymers 12, no. 8 (2020): 1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081705.

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Hydrophobic and amphiphilic derivatives of the biocompatible and biodegradable poly(dimethylmalic acid) (PdiMeMLA), varying by the nature of the lateral chains and the length of each block, respectively, have been synthesized by anionic ring-opening polymerization (aROP) of the corresponding monomers using an initiator/base system, which allowed for very good control over the (co)polymers’ characteristics (molar masses, dispersity, nature of end-chains). Hydrophobic and core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) were then prepared by nanoprecipitation of hydrophobic homopolymers and amphiphilic block copo

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12

Goff, Jonathan, Santa Sulaiman, Alison Philips, Max Detwiler, and Barry Arkles. "Soft Tissue Compliant Silicones for Medical Devices." Rubber World 253, no. 3 (2018): 22–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3746381.

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ExSil silicone nanocomposites are the first in a series of ultra-high elongation materials that achieve their unique mechanical properties via a radically different mechanism than traditional silicones. This distinct class of silicone elastomer exhibits surprising material properties, such as up to 5,000% stretchability with elastic recovery, the ability to resist tear failure (both initiation and propagation), self-healing/sealing behavior and intrinsically low extractables. As a group, these materials demonstrate an ability to resist and recover from conditions that would normally result in

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13

Arkles, Barry, Jonathan Goff, Santy Sulaiman, and Allison Sikorsky. "Ultra-high Elongation Silicone Elastomers." Rubber World 254, no. 3 (2016): 29–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3558535.

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Silicone elastomers with elongations approaching 5000% are now available. These elongations are nearly 4 times greater than any commercial elastomer. The new elastomers utilize a cure mechanism which generates elastomeric properties by driving linear polymers to extremely high molecular weights with concomitant formation of intra-chain and inter-chain entanglements rather than covalent cross-linking. When elastomers have elongations significantly above 1500%, they exhibit behavior that is readily differentiated from conventional elastomers . Tear propagation mechanisms are altered and tear fai

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14

Matsumoto, Kozo, Masaaki Shinohata, and Hitoshi Yamaoka. "Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Phenylsilacyclobutanes." Polymer Journal 32, no. 4 (2000): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.32.354.

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15

Sanji, Takanobu, Hiroyuki Hanao, and Hideki Sakurai. "Anionic Ring Opening Polymerization of Octamethyltetrasilacyclopentane." Chemistry Letters 26, no. 11 (1997): 1121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1997.1121.

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16

Matsumoto, Kozo, and Hideki Matsuoka. "Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Silacyclopropanes." Macromolecules 36, no. 5 (2003): 1474–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma021479d.

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17

Spassky, Nicolas. "Stereospecific and anionic ring-opening polymerization." Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia 42-43, no. 1 (1991): 15–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19910420104.

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18

Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof. "Anionic ring-opening polymerization of cyclotetrasilanes." Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia 42-43, no. 1 (1991): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19910420122.

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19

Arkles, Barry, Jonathan Goff, Sulaiman Sulaiman, and James Lewicki. "Soft Materials With Recoverable Shape Factors from Extreme Distortion States." Advanced Materials 28, no. 12 (2016): 2893–98. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201503320.

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Elastomeric polysiloxane nanocomposites with elongations of >5000% (more than 3× greater than any previously reported material) with excellent shape recovery are presented. Highly deformable materials are desirable for the fabrication of stretchable implants and microfluidic devices. No cross-linking or domain formation is observed by a variety of analytical techniques, suggesting that their elastomeric behavior is caused by polymer chain entanglements.

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20

Sanda, Fumio, Duangjai Jirakanjana, Masakatsu Hitomi та Takeshi Endo. "Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Thionocaprolactone". Macromolecules 32, № 24 (1999): 8010–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma990977s.

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21

Nomura, Ryoji, Akiko Ueno, and Takeshi Endo. "Anionic ring-opening polymerization of macrocyclic esters." Macromolecules 27, no. 2 (1994): 620–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00080a046.

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22

Matsumoto, Kozo, Hironobu Shimazu, Masaki Deguchi, and Hitoshi Yamaoka. "Anionic ring-opening polymerization of silacyclobutane derivatives." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35, no. 15 (1997): 3207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(19971115)35:15<3207::aid-pola13>3.0.co;2-f.

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23

Tadokoro, Atsuhito, Toshikazu Takata, and Takeshi Endo. "Efficient ring-opening polymerization of a .gamma.-butyrolactone derivative. First anionic double ring-opening polymerization." Macromolecules 26, no. 9 (1993): 2388–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00061a038.

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24

Takahashi, Yusuke, and Aiichiro Nagaki. "Anionic Polymerization Using Flow Microreactors." Molecules 24, no. 8 (2019): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081532.

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Flow microreactors are expected to make a revolutionary change in chemical synthesis involving various fields of polymer synthesis. In fact, extensive flow microreactor studies have opened up new possibilities in polymer chemistry including cationic polymerization, anionic polymerization, radical polymerization, coordination polymerization, polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization. This review provides an overview of flow microreactors in anionic polymerization and their various applications.

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25

Reisman, Louis, Elizabeth A. Rowe, Qiaoli Liang, and Paul A. Rupar. "The anionic ring-opening polymerization ofN-(methanesulfonyl)azetidine." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 13 (2018): 1618–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py00074c.

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26

Kagumba, Lawino C., and Jacques Penelle. "Anionic Ring-opening Polymerization of Alkyl 1-Cyanocyclopropanecarboxylates." Macromolecules 38, no. 11 (2005): 4588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma0484025.

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27

Matsumoto, Kozo, and Hitoshi Yamaoka. "Living Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of 1,1-Dimethylsilacyclobutane." Macromolecules 28, no. 20 (1995): 7029–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00124a048.

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28

Jedliński, Zbigniew, Marek Kowalczuk, and Piotr Kurcok. "Anionic ring opening polymerization by alkali metal solutions." Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia 3, no. 1 (1986): 277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19860030121.

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29

Inoue, Shohei. "‘Immortal’ anionic ring-opening polymerization by metalloporphyrin catalyst." Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia 3, no. 1 (1986): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19860030122.

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30

Knischka, Ralf, Holger Frey, Uwe Rapp, and Franz J. Mayer-Posner. "Living anionic ring-opening polymerization of 1,1-dipropylsilacyclobutane." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 19, no. 9 (1998): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3927(19980901)19:9<455::aid-marc455>3.0.co;2-x.

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31

Jedliński, Zbigniew. "Regioselective ring-opening anionic polymerization of β-lactones". Macromolecular Symposia 132, № 1 (1998): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19981320135.

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32

Penczek, Stanislaw, and Andrzej Duda. "Kinetics and mechanisms in anionic ring-opening polymerization." Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia 67, no. 1 (1993): 15–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19930670104.

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33

Satti, Angel J., Augusto G. O. de Freitas, M. Loreta Sena Marani та ін. "Anionic Ring Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone Initiated by Lithium Silanolates". Australian Journal of Chemistry 70, № 1 (2017): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16270.

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Ring-opening homo- and co-polymerization reactions of ϵ-caprolactone were performed by employing anionic polymerization (high vacuum techniques) and lithium silanolates (LS) as initiators. LS were obtained by reaction between hexamethyl(cyclotrisiloxane) and sec-Bu–Li+, or from living poly(dimethylsiloxanyl)lithium chains. The results indicated that LS are efficient initiators for the ring-opening polymerization of ϵ-caprolactone, providing the respective homogeneous polymers in good yields.

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34

Kang, Ke Xin, Min Ying Liu, Qing Xiang Zhao, Peng Fu та Xiao Bing Wang. "Poly(Ethylene Oxide)-B-Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Amphiphilic Block Copolymers: Synthesis and Self-Assembly". Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (липень 2011): 1877–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1877.

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A series of amphiphilic block copolymers mPEO-b-PCL with different PCL molecular weight were successfully prepared by combination of anionic ring-opening polymerization with coordination-insertion ring-opening polymerization. Firstly, the linear mPEO was prepared by anionic ring-opening copolymerization of EO with 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxide potassium as the small molecule initiators, then the mPEO as the macroinitiator was used to initiate the ring-opening polymerization of CL, in the absence of Sn(Oct)2 as the catalyst, and amphiphilic block copolymers mPEO-b-PCL were obtained. By changing

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35

Hashimoto, K. "Ring-opening polymerization of lactams. Living anionic polymerization and its applications." Progress in Polymer Science 25, no. 10 (2000): 1411–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6700(00)00018-6.

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36

Guo, Mengdong, Yue Huang, Jinfeng Cao, et al. "Recyclable sulfone-containing polymers via ring-opening polymerization of macroheterocyclic siloxane monomers: synthesis, properties and recyclability." Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 45 (2019): 6166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py01363f.

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37

Maksymiak, Magdalena, Tomasz Bałakier, Janusz Jurczak, Marek Kowalczuk, and Grazyna Adamus. "Bioactive (co)oligoesters with antioxidant properties – synthesis and structural characterization at the molecular level." RSC Advances 6, no. 62 (2016): 57751–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra09870c.

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38

Mohorič, Ines, and Urška Šebenik. "Semibatch anionic ring-opening polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane in emulsion." Polymer 52, no. 20 (2011): 4423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2011.07.045.

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39

Cypryk, Marek, Yogendra Gupta, and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski. "Anionic ring-opening polymerization of 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetraphenylcyclotetrasilane." Journal of the American Chemical Society 113, no. 3 (1991): 1046–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00003a050.

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40

Sargeant, Steven J., Mark A. Tapsak, and William P. Weber. "Bulk anionic ring opening polymerization of silacyclopent-3-enes." Polymer Bulletin 30, no. 2 (1993): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00296840.

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41

Suzuki, Masato, Tatsuhiko Obayashi, and Takeo Saegusa. "Anionic ring-opening polymerization of 1,1,2,2-tetramethyl-1,2-disilacyclopentane." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 8 (1993): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39930000717.

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42

Zhou, Stephen Q., Young Tae Park, Georges Manuel, and William P. Weber. "Anionic ring opening polymerization of 1-silacyclopent-3-ene." Polymer Bulletin 23, no. 5 (1990): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00419967.

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43

Pyriadi, Thanun M., and Abbas F. Ahmad. "Anionic ring-opening polymerization of several N-substituted diphenimides." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31, no. 13 (1993): 3199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080311305.

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44

Mingotaud, Anne-Françoise, Frédéric Dargelas, and François Cansell. "Cationic and anionic ring-opening polymerization in supercritical CO2." Macromolecular Symposia 153, no. 1 (2000): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3900(200003)153:1<77::aid-masy77>3.0.co;2-d.

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45

Fish, Daryle, Ishrat M. Khan, and Johannes Smid. "Anionic ring opening polymerization of cyclotetrasiloxanes with large substituents." Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia 32, no. 1 (1990): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19900320119.

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46

Bruzaud, Stéphane, and Alain Soum. "Anionic ring-opening polymerization of cyclodisilazanes, 1. General aspects." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 197, no. 8 (1996): 2379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1996.021970802.

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47

Zhang, Ming, Zhi Xiong Huang, and Yan Qin. "Quantum Chemical Calculation of Maleic Anhydride Ring-Opening Reaction." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 1193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.1193.

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The reaction of maleic anhydride ring-opening was calculated by Gaussian03. The Density Function Theory (DFT) method were employed to study the geometries of maleic anhydride and ethanol on the base of B3LYP/6-31G in the paper. The transitional states(Ts1,Ts2) of maleic anhydride ring-opening reaction were found by TS method and were proved by IRC calculation. The results showed that from the reactant to product, the energy reduced about 129.25337kJ/mol,The computation results showed that the reaction was exothermic and matched up well with experiment. Nowadays the MAH multipolymers were studi

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48

Rittscher, V., and M. Gallei. "A convenient synthesis strategy for microphase-separating functional copolymers: the cyclohydrocarbosilane tool box." Polymer Chemistry 6, no. 31 (2015): 5653–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py00065c.

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49

Chen, Ruqi, Chaoqun Zhang, and Michael R. Kessler. "Anionic waterborne polyurethane dispersion from a bio-based ionic segment." RSC Adv. 4, no. 67 (2014): 35476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra07519f.

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Anionic waterborne polyurethane dispersions were prepared from ring-opening epoxidized linseed oil with glycol and hydrochloric acid followed by saponification, step-growth polymerization, and ionomerization.

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50

Gitsov, Ivan, Pavlina T. Ivanova та Jean M. J. Fréchet. "Dendrimers as macroinitiators for anionic ring-opening polymerization. Polymerization of ɛ-caprolactone". Macromolecular Rapid Communications 15, № 5 (1994): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1994.030150501.

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