Relevant bibliographies by topics / Anionic transport

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Academic literature on the topic 'Anionic transport'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Anionic transport"

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Uchino, Hiroshi, Ikumi Tamai, Hikaru Yabuuchi, Kayoko China, Ken-ichi Miyamoto, Eiji Takeda, and Akira Tsuji. "Faropenem Transport across the Renal Epithelial Luminal Membrane via Inorganic Phosphate Transporter Npt1." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.44.3.574-577.2000.

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ABSTRACT We previously showed that the mouse inorganic phosphate transporter Npt1 operates in the hepatic sinusoidal membrane transport of anionic drugs such as benzylpenicillin and mevalonic acid. In the present study, the mechanism of renal secretion of penem antibiotics was examined by using a Xenopus oocyte expression system. Faropenem (an oral penem antibiotic) was transported via Npt1 with a Michaelis-Menten constant of 0.77 ± 0.34 mM in a sodium-independent but chloride ion-sensitive manner. When the concentration of chloride ions was increased, the transport activity of faropenem by Npt1 was decreased. Since the concentration gradient of chloride ions is in the lumen-to-intracellular direction, faropenem is expected to be transported from inside proximal tubular cells to the lumen. So, we tested the release of faropenem from Xenopusoocytes. The rate of efflux of faropenem from Npt1-expressing oocytes was about 9.5 times faster than that from control water-injectedXenopus oocytes. Faropenem transport by Npt1 was significantly inhibited by β-lactam antibiotics such as benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, cephalexin, and cefazolin to 24.9, 40.5, 54.4, and 26.2% of that for the control, respectively. Zwitterionic β-lactam antibiotics showed lesser inhibitory effects on faropenem uptake than anionic derivatives, indicating that Npt1 preferentially transports anionic compounds. Other anionic compounds, such as indomethacin and furosemide, and the anion transport inhibitor 4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid significantly inhibited faropenem uptake mediated by Npt1. In conclusion, our results suggest that Npt1 participates in the renal secretion of penem antibiotics.
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Lo, I. M. C., H. M. Liljestrand, J. Khim, and Y. Shimizu. "Clay liner materials for land disposal of hazardous non-metal wastes." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 8 (April 1, 1996): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0154.

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Simple land disposal systems for hazardous and mixed wastes contain heavy metal cationic species through precipitation and ion exchange mechanisms but typically fail by releasing soluble organic and inorganic anionic species. To enhance the removal of anions from leachate, clays are modified with coatings of iron or aluminium cations to bridge between the anionic surface and the anionic pollutants. A competitive surface ligand exchange model indicates that surface coatings of 10 meq cation/gm montmorillonite under typical leachate conditions increase the inorganic anion sorption capacity by at least a factor of 6 and increase the intrinsic surface exchange constants by more than a factor of 100. Similarly, metal hydroxide coatings on montmorillonite increase the organic anion sorption capacity by a factor of 9 and increase the intrinsic surface exchange constants by a factor of 20. For historical concentrations of non-metal anions in US hazardous and mixed waste leachate, sorption onto natural clay liner materials is dominated by arsenate sorption. With cation coatings, anion exchange provides an effective removal for arsenate, selenate, phenols, cresols, and phthalates. Engineering applications are presented for the use of modified clays as in situ barriers to leachate transport of anionic pollutants as well as for above ground treatment of recovered leachate.
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Garlid, K. D., M. Jaburek, and P. Jezek. "Mechanism of uncoupling protein action." Biochemical Society Transactions 29, no. 6 (November 1, 2001): 803–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0290803.

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Two competing models of uncoupling protein (UCP) transport mechanism agree that fatty acids (FAs) are obligatory for uncoupling, but they disagree about which ion is transported. In Klingenberg's model, UCPs conduct protons. In Garlid's model, UCPs conduct anions, like all members of this gene family. In the latter model, UCP transports the anionic FA head group from one side of the membrane to the other, and the cycle is completed by rapid flip-flop of protonated FAs across the bilayer. The head groups of the FA analogues, long-chain alkylsulphonates, are translocated by UCP, but they cannot induce uncoupling, because these strong acids cannot be protonated for the flip-flop part of the cycle. We have overcome this limitation by ion-pair transport of undecanesulphonate with propranolol, which causes the sulphonate to deliver protons across the membrane as if it were an FA. Full GDP-sensitive uncoupling is seen in the presence of propranolol and undecanesulphonate. This result confirms that the mechanism of UCP uncoupling requires transport of the anionic FA head group by UCP and that the proton transport occurs via the bilayer and not via UCP.
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Salhany, James M. "Anion binding characteristics of the band 3 / 4,4'-dibenzamidostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate binary complex: Evidence for both steric and allosteric interactions." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 77, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o99-061.

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A novel kinetic approach was used to measure monovalent anion binding to better define the mechanistic basis for competition between stilbenedisulfonates and transportable anions on band 3. An anion-induced acceleration in the release of 4,4prime-dibenzamidostilbene-2,2prime-disulfonate (DBDS) from its complex with band 3 was measured using monovalent anions of various size and relative affinity for the transport site. The K1/2 values for anion binding were determined and correlated with transport site affinity constants obtained from the literature and the dehydrated radius of each anion. The results show that anions with ionic radii of 120-200 pm fall on a well-defined correlation line where the ranking of the K1/2 values matched the ranking of the transport site affinity constants (thiocyanate < nitrate equivalent to bromide < chloride < fluoride). The K1/2 values for the anions on this line were about 4-fold larger than expected for anion binding to inhibitor-free band 3. Such a lowered affinity can be explained in terms of allosteric site-site interactions, since the K1/2 values decreased with increasing anionic size. In contrast, iodide, with an ionic radius of about 212 pm, had a 10-fold lower affinity than predicted by the correlation line established by the smaller monovalent anions. These results indicate that smaller monovalent anions have unobstructed access to the transport site within the band 3 / DBDS binary complex, while iodide experiences significant steric hindrance when binding. The observation of steric hindrance in iodide binding to the band 3 / DBDS binary complex, but not in the binding of smaller monovalent anions, suggests that the stilbenedisulfonate binding site is located at the outer surface of an access channel leading to the transport site.Key words: band 3, anion transport, membrane protein structure, red cell membrane.
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El-Sheikh, Azza A. K., Rosalinde Masereeuw, and Frans G. M. Russel. "Mechanisms of renal anionic drug transport." European Journal of Pharmacology 585, no. 2-3 (May 2008): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.085.

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Matos, C. T., S. Velizarov, J. G. Crespo, and M. A. M. Reis. "Removal of bromate, perchlorate and nitrate from drinking water in an ion exchange membrane bioreactor." Water Supply 5, no. 5 (December 1, 2005): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0033.

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The presence of anionic micropollutants, such as bromate, perchlorate and nitrate, in drinking water supplies represents a risk for public health. This work evaluates the applicability of the ion exchange membrane bioreactor (IEMB) concept for their removal. The IEMB concept combines the transport of anionic pollutants, through a dense mono-anion permselective membrane, with their simultaneous biodegradation to harmless products by a suitable microbial culture in a separated biocompartment. The transport of the pollutant counter-ions (anions) is governed by the Donnan equilibrium principle and, therefore, it is possible to enhance it by using a more concentrated driving counter-ion (e.g. chloride) added to the biocompartment. The IEMB process proved to selectively remove nitrate and perchlorate to concentrations below the recommended levels of 4 ppb for ClO4− and 25 ppm of NO3−, from a model polluted stream containing 100 ppb of ClO4− and 60 ppm of NO3−. Transport studies, made under Donnan dialysis conditions, showed bromate fluxes comparable to those obtained for nitrate under similar experimental conditions. However, the rate of biological reduction of bromate was about one order of magnitude slower than that of nitrate.
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Muller, M., and P. L. Jansen. "Molecular aspects of hepatobiliary transport." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 272, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): G1285—G1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1997.272.6.g1285.

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Generation of bile flow is a regulated, ATP-dependent process and depends on the coordinated action of a number of transporter proteins in the sinusoidal and canalicular domains of the hepatocyte. Dysfunction of any of these proteins leads to retention of substrates, with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia or cholestasis as a result. In recent years many of the transport proteins involved in bile formation have been identified, cloned, and functionally characterized. The hepatocyte sinusoidal membrane contains transport proteins for the hepatic uptake of organic anions and cations and for the uptake of bile acids. The multispecific organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) mediates the hepatic uptake of organic anions and a variety of organic amphiphilic compounds, including organic cations. The organic cation transporter OCT1 more specifically transports small organic cations. NTCP is the Na(+)-bile acid cotransporting protein that mediates the hepatic uptake of bile acids. The canalicular transport proteins are able to transport endogenous and exogenous metabolites into the bile against steep concentration gradients. Most of these transporters are members of the large ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily, and their transport function directly depends on the hydrolysis of Mg2+/ATP. At least five ABC transporter proteins have been characterized so far: 1) the human multidrug resistance protein MDR1 mediates the excretion of hydrophobic, mostly cationic, metabolites; 2) MDR3 is involved in phosphatidylcholine secretion; 3) the canalicular bile acid transporter cBAT mediates secretion of monovalent bile salts and provides the molecular basis of bile acid-dependent bile flow; 4) SPGP, product of the P-glycoprotein sister gene, is exclusively expressed in the liver but its function is currently unknown; and 5) the human multidrug resistance protein MRP2 mediates the excretion of multivalent anionic conjugates.
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Hosseinioun, Ava, Pinchas Nürnberg, Monika Schönhoff, Diddo Diddens, and Elie Paillard. "Improved lithium ion dynamics in crosslinked PMMA gel polymer electrolyte." RSC Advances 9, no. 47 (2019): 27574–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra05917b.

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Ionic transport was investigated in a PMMA gel electrolyte by electrochemical, Raman, PFG-NMR, e-NMR spectroscopies and ab initio calculations. The presence of the PMMA matrix reduces anionic mobility and decorrelates cationic and anionic transport.
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Russel, Frans G. M., Rosalinde Masereeuw, and Rémon A. M. H. van Aubel. "Molecular Aspects of Renal Anionic Drug Transport." Annual Review of Physiology 64, no. 1 (March 2002): 563–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.64.081501.155913.

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Allred, Barry, and Glenn O. Brown. "ANIONIC SURFACTANT TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS IN UNSATURATED SOIL." Soil Science 161, no. 7 (July 1996): 415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199607000-00001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Anionic transport"

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Wang, Li. "ASSESSMENT OF THE DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION POTENTIAL OF ANIONIC COMPONENTS IN THE DIET AND HERBAL MEDICINES ON ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS (SLC22 FAMILY)." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3181.

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Numerous natural products are widely used as first-line/alternative therapeutics and dietary supplements in both western and eastern society. However, the safety and efficacy profiles for herbal products are still limited. Organic anion transporters (OATs; SLC22 family) are expressed in many barrier organs and mediate in vivo body disposition of a broad array of endogenous substances and clinically important drugs. As some dietary flavonoids and phenolic acids were previously demonstrated to interact with OATs, it is necessary to explore the potential interaction of such components found in natural products in order to avoid potential OAT-mediated drug-drug interactions (DDIs). The inhibitory effects of 23 natural products were assessed on the function of human (h) OATs, hOAT1 (SLC22A6), hOAT3 (SLC22A7), and hOAT4 (SLC22A11) and/or the murine (m) orthologs mOat1 and mOat3. For compounds exhibiting marked inhibition at initial screening, dose-response curves (IC50 values) and DDI indices were determined. At the initial screening concentrations, 14, 19, and 2 test compounds exhibited significant inhibition on hOAT1, hOAT3, and hOAT4, respectively. Additionally, all test Danshen (a Chinese herbal medicine) hydrophilic components significantly reduced mOat1- and mOat3-mediated substrate uptake at 1 mM. For selected compounds, the IC50 and Ki values were estimated to be in the micromolar or even nanomolar range. Considering the clinical plasma concentration and unbound fraction in plasma, DDI indices for gallic acid, gentisic acid, lithospermic acid, protocatechuic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, and tanshinol indicated DDIs may occur in vivo in situations of co-administration of these compounds and clinical therapeutics known to be OAT substrates. Finally, a new, rapid, and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to quantify gallic acid and gentisic acid in cell lysates in order to measure cellular uptake of these compounds in mOat1- or mOat3-expressing cells. Significant cellular uptake of gallic acid was observed in mOat1-expressing cells, compared with background control cells. The absorptive uptake was completely blocked by probenecid (known OAT inhibitor) at 1 mM. These results indicate that gallic acid is a substrate for mOat1 and suggest that human OAT1 might be involved in the active renal secretion of gallic acid.
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Allada, Rama Kumar. "Thermochemistry of hydrotalcite-like compounds relevant to the fate and transport of aqueous and anionic species in the environment /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Barneaud-Rocca, Damien. "Caractérisation du site de transport de l'échangeur anionique SLC4A1." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00926767.

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L'AE1 (SLC4A1) est un échangeur chlorure/bicarbonate. Cette protéine est la protéine membranaire la plus abondante à la surface des globules rouges des vertébrés. Elle est participe au transport du CO2 et à l'ancrage du cytosquelette à la membrane plasmique. Des mutations ponctuelles dans la partie membranaire de l'AE1, liées à des pathologies humaines, convertissent l'échange électroneutre en voie de conductance pour le sodium et le potassium ou induisent une fuite de cations dans un échangeur d'anions toujours fonctionnel. Les déterminants moléculaires qui induisent les mouvements d'ions au travers de cet échangeur sont encore inconnus. Le travail présenté a eu pour but d'identifier et de cartographier le site de transport de la protéine normale ou " pathologique ". Nous avons adapté à l'AE1 des outils basés sur la chimie des sulfhydriles capable de donner des informations sur le rôle d'acides aminés dans le site de transport de la protéine. Cette stratégie combinée à l'élaboration d'un modèle tridimensionnel de la protéine in silico basé sur le symporteur uracile/proton nous a permis de définir le site de transport de l'AE1. Nos résultats démontrent qu'un site de transport unique dans l'AE1 peut basculer entre 3 conformations différentes : échange chlorure/bicarbonate, fuite de cation et échange anionique ou fuite de cation uniquement. Ce site met en jeu les segments transmembranaires (TM) 3, 5 et 8 ainsi qu'une boucle intracellulaire très conservée située entre les TM 8 et 9. Le site de transport se structure autour des acides aminés L468, F471, L530, I533 et L673 se terminant au niveau du E681. La boucle intracellulaire 690 à 705 agissant comme un filtre à cations.
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Melhorado, Maria Florbela Silvestre. "Controle da erosão e da infiltração em solo mediterrâneo com aplicação de poliacrilamida aniónica na água de rega." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/13142.

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A erosão e a baixa infiltração são problemas comuns nos solos Mediterrâneos do sul de Portugal. Estes solos são frequentemente solos argiluviados caracterizados por um horizonte superficial de pequena espessura e fraca estrutura e um horizonte B "textural" de acumulação de argila, e consequentemente, de baixa permeabilidade. O controle da erosão e a possibilidade de aumentar a infiltração nestes solos são particularmente importantes para a sustentabilidade dos sistemas agrícolas aí implantados, especialmente os de regadio, uma vez que para além de importantes degradações que se verificam na estrutura e produtividade desses solos ao longo do tempo devido ás regas, podem também dar origem a problemas de eutrofização das linhas de água superficiais. A aplicação de pequenas concentrações de poliacrilamida aniónica (PAM), de elevado peso molecular, tem sido recentemente utilizada, na água de rega para aumentar a estabilidade dos agregados do solo e permitir a rápida floculação das partículas em suspensão, diminuindo a erodibilidade do solo regado, e permitindo assim, o controle de erosão e o aumento de infiltração. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a eficácia de pequenas aplicações de PAM na água de rega, em concentrações próximas de 10 ppm (mg/1), no controle da erosão e no aumento da infiltração em sulcos rectilíneos declivosos, comuns à topografia do Alentejo. Idêntica aplicação foi testada em sulcos implantados em terraços de contorno aproximadamente segundo as curvas de nível, com o objectivo de verificar se a utilização de PAM seria ainda eficaz, mesmo quando aplicada num sistema de conservação do solo, como é o dos sulcos em contorno. A quantificação da perda de solo e do transporte de sedimentos ao longo dos sulcos foi realizada utilizando os cones de Imhoff, procedendo-se para tal á sua calibração para o solo em causa. A aplicação de PAM ao longo de 5 regas nos sulcos de contorno permitiu uma redução de 85 a 95% da perda de solo e um aumento da taxa de infiltração de 13 a 53%. Nos sulcos rectilíneos declivosos a aplicação de PAM, ao longo de 3 regas, possibilitou uma redução de 96 a 99% da perda de solo e um aumento da taxa de infiltração de 58 a 9%. Para além da análise da perda de solo na extremidade dos sulcos, o transporte de sedimentos que se verifica ao longo do sulco foi também objecto de análise. Esse transporte no interior do sulco provoca muitas vezes séria degradação e perda de produtividade na zona de cabeceira dos sulcos, que é negligenciada quando se quantifica a perda de solo apenas na extremidade dos sulcos. A análise do transporte de sedimentos ao longo dos sulcos foi realizada em sulcos de igual comprimento nos sulcos rectilíneos e declivosos e em sulcos diferentes comprimentos no bloco de terraços de contorno. Constatou-se que o transporte de sedimentos na cabeceira dos sulcos de contorno foi reduzido de 30% na nega para 100% na Sa rega e obtiveram-se reduções de 73% a 100% a meio do sulco. O comprimento não teve influência no transporte de sedimentos ao longo do sulco ou na perda de solo. Nos sulcos rectilíneos e declivosos o decréscimo do transporte de sedimentos à cabeceira dos sulcos foi de 87 a 100% com a aplicação de PAM. A degradação do solo pelo processo erosivo da água de rega foi também estudado no bloco de contorno através da análise da alteração selectiva da textura do solo e da forma dos sulcos ao longo do seu comprimento. Nos sulcos tratados com PAM verificou-se comparativamente aos sulcos controle, regados sem a adição de poliacrilamida na água, um aumento médio da percentagem de limo e argila de respectivamente 46% e 42%, e uma diminuição média da percentagem de areia de 16% ao longo do comprimento do sulco. A textura manteve-se franco-arenosa ao longo do sulco, com a excepção da extremidade dos sulcos, onde se verificou uma alteração da textura franco-arenosa para franco-argilo-arenosa. Nos sulcos controle, apesar do decréscimo médio da percentagem de limo e argila e do aumento da percentagem de areia, comparativamente aos sulcos tratados, a textura manteve-se franco-arenosa, com a excepção da zona de cabeceira, onde a textura se alterou de franco-arenoso para arenoso-franco. Quanto à forma dos sulcos verificou-se que nos sulcos tratados com PAM a forma do perfil é geralmente mantida próxima da original e nos sulcos controle a forma é degradada rapidamente, com a escavação dos sulcos devido à elevada erosividade da água. A aplicação de pequenas concentrações de PAM (10 ppm) na água de rega em solos Mediterrâneos com sulcos declivosos e em terraços de contorno foi eficaz no controle da erosão e no aumento da infiltração. A aplicação deste condicionador na água de rega é possível a custos relativamente baixos e é de fácil utilização. É um sistema recomendável na rega por sulcos em terreno de declive acentuado, onde nenhuma medida de conservação do solo seja utilizada. E, como se viu neste trabalho, mesmo quando sistemas de conservação do solo, como os terraços de contorno são utilizados a aplicação de PAM permite reduções importantes na perda de solo e aumentos consideráveis da taxa de infiltração. ### Abstract - Erosion and low infiltration are common problems in Mediterranean soils in the south of Portugal and in particular in agricultural irrigated soils. These soils are generally, soils with a surface layer of small thickness and poor structure. And the subsurface layer presents an accumulation of clay, giving to this layer very low permeability. The control of erosion and the possibility of increasing infiltration in this soils, are of particular importance for the sustentability of this agriculture systems, since, besides the important degradation that happens in this soils structure and productivity with time, there is also the pollution and eutrofization of surface waters. The application in the irrigation water of small amounts of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM), with high molecular weight, have been recently use in irrigation to increase aggregate stability and allow a fast flocculation of the soil material in suspension, decreasing the irrigated soil erodibility, and that way, allowing the control of erosion and increase of infiltration. In this work, we have done the valuation of the control in erosion and the increase in infiltration provide by the application of PAM in the irrigation water in a concentration of 10 ppm (mg/1). The application was made in traditional furrows, with a high slop, common in Alentejo and in contour furrows. In contour furrows the application of PAM had the intention of testing, if PAM would be efficient in a system of soil conservation, like the contour furrows. The quantification of soil loss and transport of sediments along the furrow was providing by the use of Inhofe cones and it's calibration to Mediterranean soil. The total amount of PAM in contour furrows allowed a reduction of 85 to 95% in the soil loss and an increase of 13 to 53% in the infiltration rate. On the traditional furrows the application of PAM, allowed a reduction of 96 to 99% in the soil loss and an increase of 58 to 79% in the infiltration rate. As the hypothesis place by us, the control provide by PAM in the contour furrows was lower than the control obtain in traditional furrows. In this study the investigation took place not only in soil loss, but also in the transport of sediments along the furrow. The interest of the transport of sediments along the furrow is due to the frequent degradation and loss of productivity in the initial portion of the furrow, wish is neglected when the valuation of erosion is only in the furrow end. The efficacy of PAM application was also analyse in the transport of sediment along furrows with different length, in the contour furrows. In this study results, we have seen that PAM application provide a reduction of sediment transport in the contour furrows of 30% in the 2" irrigation to 100% in the 5th irrigation in the head of the furrows. In the middle section of the furrow the reduction vary from 73 to 100%. The length of the furrow doesn't seem to have any influence on the transport of sediments and on the soil loss. On traditional furrows the reduction of sediment transport in the furrow head vary from 87 to 100%. The degradation of furrows do the two erosion process was study, on the contour furrows b the analysis of soil texture along the furrow after the 5th irrigation. In the treated furrows, high increased of silt and clay, of 46% and 42% respectively, and a lost of 16% of sand was observed. The texture in the treated furrows change in the end of the furrows, from loamy-sand to loam-clay-sand. And in control furrows the initial section of the furrow was altered from loamy-sand to sand loam. In the shape of the furrow profile we have seen that in treated furrows the profile doesn't change much from the original form. Control furrows were generally deeper in the 5th irrigation, do to the high erosivity.
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Barcelona, Stephanie Suazo. "Investigation of the Mechanism of Substrate Transport by the Glutamate Transporter EAAC1." Scholarly Repository, 2007. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/91.

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The activity of glutamate transporters is essential for the temporal and spatial regulation of the neurotransmitter concentration in the synaptic cleft which is critical for proper neuronal signaling. Because of their role in controlling extracellular glutamate concentrations, dysfunctional glutamate transporters have been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, investigating the mechanism of substrate transport by these transporters is essential in understanding their behavior when they malfunction. A bacterial glutamate transporter homologue has been successfully crystallized revealing the molecular architecture of glutamate transporters. However, many important questions remain unanswered. In this thesis, I will address the role of D439 in the binding of Na+, and I will identify other electrogenic steps that contribute to the total electrogenicity of the transporter cycle. The role of D439 in the binding of Na+ to the transporter was explored previously in this lab. While it was proposed that the effect of D439 in Na+ binding is indirect, the results described in this thesis provides added support to this work. Here, I will show that the D439 mutation changed the pharmacology of EAAC1 such that THA was converted from a transported substrate to a competitive inhibitor. I will also show that Na+ binding to the substrate-bound mutant transporter occurred with the same affinity as that of Na+ to the substrate-bound wild-type transporter. Therefore, based on these results, D439 is not directly involved in the binding of Na+ to the substrate-bound transporter, but that its effect is rather indirect through changing the substrate binding properties. Na+ binding steps to the empty transporter and to the glutamate-bound EAAC1 contribute only 20% of the total electrogenicity of the glutamate transporter reactions cycle. While K+-induced relocation has been proposed to be electrogenic, there is no experimental evidence that supports it. In this work, I will show that the K+-induced relocation of the empty transporter is electrogenic. Moreover, the results in this work show that the K+-dependent steps are slower than the steps associated with the Na+/glutamate translocation suggesting that the K+-induced relocation determines the transporter?s properties at steady state.
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Miranda, Margarida Sofia Quintanilha. "Transmembrane transport of anions by synthetic transporters." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22273.

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Mestrado em Química
The chloride transport across the phospholipid bilayer assisted by small synthetic molecules were studied by computational methods including quantum calculations followed by molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations. A series of twelve tris-thiourea aryl substituted putative transporters, with three different six-membered rings as scaffolds (desmethyl cyclohexane, hexamethyl cyclohexane and benzene) and each of them with four possible aryl substituents (3,5-trifluoromethyl, p-trifluoromethyl, p-nitro and phenyl), were studied in silico in order to understand the experimental transport data previously reported for these molecules. The computational study started with the DFT optimization of twelve chloride complexes in gas phase and in DMSO at the M062X/6-31+G** theory level. The strength of the N-H···Cl- interactions were ascertained through the E2 values obtained from the second order perturbation theory, the Wiberg bond Indexes and the most positive value of the electrostatic potential (VS,max). Overall, these descriptors increases with the binding affinity constants reflecting the electron withdrawing character of the aryl substituents. Thus, the 3,5-trifluoromethyl substituted transporters presented the highest values for the quantum descriptors as well as the highest binding affinity for chloride anion, indicating that these molecules are able to successfully uptake the anion from the water phase and further proceed to its transport across the phospholipid bilayer. Subsequently, the passive diffusion of these chloride complexes were then investigated by MD simulations positioning them either in the bilayer core and water phase. Overall, the MD simulation runs reveal that the transporters were able to promote chloride uptake and release events, consistent with anion carrier transport mechanism. Furthermore, free energy profile for 3,5-trifluoromethyl hexamethyl cyclohexane complex and free chloride were constructed from the potential mean force calculations. The chloride complex has to surpass an energy barrier to cross the middle of the phospholipid bilayer of 2 kcal mol-1 while for the free chloride this energy increases to 19.5 kcal mol-1 indicating that the chloride transport assisted by this receptor is energetically favoured. Another remarkable feature from the MD simulations is that the chloride complexes fit comfortably well below the membrane’s interface which seems to indicate that the receptors are able to operate as a chloride shuttle without leaving the phospholipid bilayer.
O transporte de cloreto pela bicamada fosfolipídica, assistido por pequenas moléculas sintéticas, foi estudado através de métodos computacionais, incluindo cálculos quânticos, simulações de dinâmica molecular e cálculos de energia livre. As propriedades de transporte de um conjunto de doze tris-tioureias contendo um anel central de seis membros (cicloexano, cicloexano hexametilado e benzeno) derivatizado com grupos arilo (3,5-trifluorometilo, p-trifluorometilo, pnitro e fenilo), foram estudados in silico tendo como objetivo a compreensão de dados experimentais de transporte reportados. O estudo computacional iniciou-se com a otimização dos doze complexos em fase gasosa e em dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO), ao nível de teoria de M06-2X/6- 31+G**. A força das interações NH···Cl- foi determinada através dos valores de E2 obtidos da teoria de perturbação de segunda ordem, dos índices de ligação de Wiberg e do valor mais positivo de potencial electroestático (VS,max). Estes descritores aumentam com as constantes de afinidade, refletindo o carácter electroatractor dos substituintes arilo. Assim, os três transportadores com grupos 3,5-trifluorometilo apresentaram os valores mais altos para estes descritores e para afinidade ao cloreto, demonstrando que estas moléculas conseguem de facto capturar um anião da fase aquosa e proceder ao seu transporte através da bicamada fosfolipídica. Seguiu-se o estudo do processo de difusão passiva para estes três complexos por dinâmica molecular, tendo estes sido colocados tanto na fase aquosa como no centro da bicamada fosfolipídica. Estas simulações revelaram que os transportadores eram capazes de promover os processos de captura e libertação de cloreto. Além disso, os perfis de energia livre para o complexo do ligando cicloexano hexametilado derivatizado com 3,5-trifluorometilo e para o cloreto livre foram obtidos através de cálculos de potencial de força média. O complexo tem que superar uma barreira energética de 2 kcal mol-1 para atravessar o meio da bicamada enquanto o cloreto livre tem que ultrapassar uma barreira de energia livre de 19.5 kcal mol-1, i.e. o transporte assistido pelo recetor é energeticamente mais favorável. Outra caraterística importante das simulações está relacionada com o facto dos complexos de cloreto de inserirem confortavelmente abaixo da interface da membrana, indicando que os recetores conseguem operar como transportadores de cloreto sem sair da bicamada fosfolipídica.
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Kilo, Martin, and Thomas Bredow. "Modelling of anion transport in YZrON." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-195357.

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Murray, Ernest Jonathan. "Metalloporphyrins as hosts for anion transport." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263898.

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Kilo, Martin, and Thomas Bredow. "Modelling of anion transport in YZrON." Diffusion fundamentals 2 (2005) 22, S. 1-2, 2005. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14352.

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Hussain, Sabir. "Polycyclic receptors for anion binding and transport." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547832.

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Books on the topic "Anionic transport"

1

Kearns, Anne. Transmembrane transport of anionic fluorescent dyes by suspension-cultured plant cells. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 1996.

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Symposium on Epithelial Anion Transport in Health and Disease: the Role of the SLC26 Transporters Family (2005 Novartis Foundation). Epithelial Anion Transport in Health and Disease. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2006.

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Ford, Debra Ann. Enhanced anion transport using some expanded porphyrins as carriers. Springfield, Va: Available from the National Technical Information Service, 1991.

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Häussinger, D. Hepatobiliary transport in health and disease. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2012.

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Chadwick, Derek J., and Jamie Goode, eds. Epithelial Anion Transport in Health and Disease: The Role of the SLC26 Transporters Family. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470029579.

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Epithelial anion transport in health and disease: The role of the SLC26 transporters family. Chichester, U.K: John Wiley & Sons, 2006.

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International, Meeting on Anion Transport Protein of the Red Blood Cell Membrane as well as Kidney and Diverse Cells (1989 Fukuoka-shi Japan). Anion transport protein of the red blood cell membrane: Proceedings of the International Meeting on Anion Transport Protein of the Red Blood Cell Membrane as well as Kidney and Diverse Cells, Fukuoka, 1-3 May 1989. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1989.

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Kanbi, Lalji Devji. A structural portrayal of a periplasmic electron transfer and an anion transporter protein: Rusticyanin and ModA2. Leicester: De Montfort University, 2003.

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Royal Society. The Binding and Transport of Anions in Living Tissue. Cambridge University Press, 1985.

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Casey, Joseph Roman. Structural and functional studies of human band 3, the anion transport protein of the erythrocyte membrane. 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Anionic transport"

1

Petzinger, E. "Transport of organic anions in the liver. An update on bile acid, fatty acid, monocarboxylate, anionic amino acid, cholephilic organic anion, and anionic drug transport." In Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, 47–211. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0030903.

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Rothstein, Aser. "Anion Exchanges and Band 3 Protein." In Membrane Transport, 203–35. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7516-3_7.

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Knauf, Philip A. "Anion Transport in Erythrocytes." In Physiology of Membrane Disorders, 191–220. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2097-5_12.

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Knauf, Philip A. "Anion Transport in Erythrocytes." In Membrane Physiology, 191–220. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1943-6_12.

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Jennings, Michael L. "The Anion Transport Protein." In The Red Cell Membrane, 143–70. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4500-1_8.

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Knauf, Philip A. "Kinetics of Anion Transport." In The Red Cell Membrane, 171–200. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4500-1_9.

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Hanrahan, J. W. "CFTR-Dependent Anion Transport in Airway Epithelia." In Epithelial Transport Physiology, 149–64. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-229-2_7.

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Jentzsch, Andreas Vargas, and Stefan Matile. "Anion Transport with Halogen Bonds." In Topics in Current Chemistry, 205–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/128_2014_541.

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Cormack, A. N., and C. R. A. Catlow. "Transport in Anion Deficient Fluorite Oxides." In Transport in Nonstoichiometric Compounds, 101–10. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2519-2_9.

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Gerencser, George A., and Gregory A. Ahearn. "Divalent Anion Transport in Crustacean and Molluscan Gastrointestinal Epithelia." In Epithelial Transport Physiology, 29–47. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-229-2_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Anionic transport"

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Bizios, R., F. A. Blumenstock, P. J. Del Vecchio, and A. B. Malik. "PERMSELECTIVITY OF CULTURED ENDOTHELIAL MONOLAYERS: EFFECT OF SIZE AND CHARGE OF THE TRANSPORTED MOLECULES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643351.

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Known molecular size neutral dextrans (molecular weight (MW) range ∼6,000-∼500,000), anionic (dextran sulfate, ∼500,000 MW), and cationic (DEAE-dextran, ∼500,000 MW) were used to determine the permselectivity characteristics of bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial monolayers. The experimental system consisted of two compartments separated by a gelatinized polycarbonate membrane (0.8 μm pore size) on one side of which endothelial monolayers were grown to confluence. Dextran solutions (1 gram %) were prepared in phosphate buffered saline buffer (containing 0.5 gram % serum albumin) and placed on the luminal side. Transendothelial dextran transport at 37°C was studied as a function of time. Dextran concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically using the anthrone method. The results (mean ± S.E.) of the dextran concentrations in the abluminal compartment at 45 minutes are given in the table.The endothelial monolayers markedly restricted dextran transport compared to transport across gelatinized, polycarbonate membranes alone (controls). Furthermore, the results indicate that size and charge of the transported molecules determine the sieving mechanism responsible for their passage across the cultured endothelial monolayer. (Supported by HL32418.)
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Sanchez-Silva, Florencio, Ignacio Carvajal-Mariscal, Pedro Quinto-Diez, and Juan Gabriel Barbosa-Saldana. "Experimental Investigation of Friction Reduction in Transport of Fluids Using Surfactants." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54634.

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This paper presents the results of the influence of surfactants in reducing friction while driving fluid in pipes. Experimental research was conducted with water-surfactant mixtures which were tested three types of these additives: anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants. Was designed and built an experimental facility in which the test area was acrylic pipe with an inner diameter of D = 19 mm and a length of 300 D. The concentrations of surfactants in the mixtures were 150, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm, added according to a pilot program that took into account the amount and type of additive added in different liquid mass fluxes. Pressure losses were compared against those obtained when flow is the same water flows through the installation. The results obtained show a reduction of up to 43.9% of the friction which is achieved with a Re = 11243 and surfactant concentrations of 250 ppm (cetyl trimethyl chloride ammonium), to which was added as a stabilizer for the micro structure of the surfactant, sodium salicylate, which applies only to the cationic type surfactants. The results are promising but left to study such issues as: the injection and recovery of surfactant, more efficient mixing, the mechanisms that lead to a reduction of friction and the effect of temperature among others.
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Talasaz, AmirAli H., Thomas A. Zangle, and Juan G. Santiago. "Nanopore Concentration Polarization." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66995.

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Nanopores offer the potential for label-free analysis of individual proteins and low cost DNA sequencing. In order to design and evaluate nanopore devices, an understanding of nanopore electrokinetic transport is crucial. However, most studies of nanopore electrokinetic transport have neglected the effects of concentration polarization (CP) in the bulk fluid surrounding the pore. In this paper, we present a computational model which demonstrates the effects of CP on the background electrolyte in nanopore devices with tip diameters of 40–100 nm. We also present direct experimental observation of the distribution of an anionic dye in the vicinity of a conical nanopore. These results indicate that CP in a nanopore system can affect concentration distributions in the bulk solution tens of microns away from the pore, suggesting that typical boundary conditions used to model nanopore electrokinetic transport are incomplete.
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Naka, Yoshitaka, Masaki Fuchiwaki, and Kazuhiro Tanaka. "Characteristics of Micro Pump Driven by Conducting Polymer Soft Actuator." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55117.

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The development of micro pumps are actively conducted in recent years. A micro pump used for μ-TAS transports at a micro flow rate with a high precision. Moreover, it is also needed to transport high-viscosity fluid since there are various types of drugs to be transported. Micro pumps with various driving systems have been developed so far. In this study, the authors propose a micro pump with soft actuators by conducting polymers as a driving source. We have realized the conducting polymer soft actuator with opening and closing movement. The opening and closing movement of the soft actuator in which the cation driving layer is arranged inside becomes large since the anion driving layer arranged outside drives predominantly. The opening and closing movement is realized by the characteristic that three dimensional deformations are suppressed by setting slits in a sheet-shaped soft actuator and straight-shaped soft actuators in the slits synchronize and deform. It is possible to build a micro pump that transports fluid in one direction by a micro pump with two soft actuators with opening and closing movement and that it can transport fluid even with the viscosity that is 140 times as large as that of water in addition. The micro pump with two soft actuators with opening and closing movement proposed in this paper transports fluid with an energy consumption rate less than half those of others.
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Mount, David B., Charles Y. Kwon, Consuelo Plata, Michael F. Romero, and Kambiz Zandi-Nejad. "SLC5 Sodium-Anion Cotransporters and Renal Urate Transport." In RENAL STONE DISEASE: 1st Annual International Urolithiasis Research Symposium. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2723571.

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Onishi, Taku. "A theoretical study of hydrogen anion transport in BaTiO3 perovskite." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2018 (ICCMSE 2018). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5079044.

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Anraku, Sohtaro, Kazuya Morimoto, Tsutomu Sato, and Tetsuro Yoneda. "Formation of Secondary Minerals and Uptake of Various Anions Under Naturally-Occurring Hyperalkaline Conditions in Oman." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16344.

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In Japanese transuranic (TRU) waste disposal facilities, 129I is the most important key nuclide for the long-term safety assessment. Thus, the Kd values of I to natural minerals are important factor in the safety assessment. However, the degradation of cement materials in the repositories can produce high pH pore fluid which can affect the anion transport behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the behavior of anions such as I− under the hyperalkaline conditions. The natural hyperalkaline spring water (pH&gt;11) in the Oman ophiolite is known to be generated from the partly serpentinized peridotites. The spring water is characteristically hyperalkaline, reducing, low-Mg, Si and HCO3−, and high-Ca, while the river water is moderately alkaline, oxidizing, high-Mg and HCO3−. The mixing of these spring and river water resulted in the formation of secondary minerals. In the present study, the naturally occurring hyperalkaline conditions near the springs in Oman were used as natural analogue for the interaction between cement pore fluid and natural Mg-HCO3− groundwater. The present aim of this paper is to examine the conditions of secondary mineral formation and the anion uptake capacity of these mineral in this system. Water and precipitate samples were collected from the different locations around the spring vent to identify the effect of mixing ratios between spring and river water on mineral composition and water-mineral distribution coefficient of various anions. On-site synthesis was also carried out to support these data quantitatively. Aragonite was observed in all precipitates, while calcite, brucite and Mg-Al hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTlc) were also determined in some samples. Calcite was observed only closed to the springs. At locations far from the springs, calcite formation was inhibited due to high-Mg fluid from river water. Brucite was observed from the springs with relatively low-Al concentration and HTlc was the opposite. During the formation of the minerals at the mixing points, HCO3- in the river water was fixed as carbonate minerals such as in aragonite and calcite while H3SiO4− in the river water was dominantly fixed into interlayers and surfaces of HTlc. Iodine in spring and river water was mainly fixed in aragonite. Therefore, the uptake I− by secondary minerals can be expected at hyperalkaline conditions as observed at Oman hyperalkaline springs.
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Nikolaenko, V. A. "Influence of Surface Anions on the Transport of Q1D Electrons in Gas Phase over Helium Film." In 2020 IEEE 10th International Conference Nanomaterials: Applications & Properties (NAP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nap51477.2020.9309536.

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Suh, Yong Kweon, and Seong Gyu Heo. "Numerical and Theoretical Analysis of the Ion Transport Around a Completely Polarizable Electrode Under AC for Use in Microfluidics." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176273.

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It is well known that a solid surface when in contact with an electrolyte shows accumulation of ions (usually anions) at the interface due to some reason. Because of this, the counter ions (cations, in the usual cases) in the electrolyte are attracted to the region very close to the interface between the solid and liquid constituting the EDL (electric double layer). Distribution of ions within EDL depends on the amount of ions adhered on the surface and also the nature of the electrolyte, such as PH and ion concentrations, etc. Figure 1 illustrates the concept sketch of this classical phenomenon.
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Aronson, Peter S. "Role of Anion Transporter SLC26A6 (CFEX) in Prevention of Hyperoxaluria and Urolithiasis." In RENAL STONE DISEASE: 1st Annual International Urolithiasis Research Symposium. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2723570.

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Reports on the topic "Anionic transport"

1

Chiu, Wilson K. Predicting Carbonate Ion Transport in Alkaline Anion Exchange Materials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada581498.

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