Relevant bibliographies by topics / Anisogamie

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Academic literature on the topic 'Anisogamie'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Anisogamie"

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Villa, Paula-Irene. "Geschlecht: Die Magie der Anisogamie." Zeitschrift für Sexualforschung 32, no. 03 (September 2019): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0977-6524.

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ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag setzt sich mit den Argumenten und Studien auseinander, die Ponseti und Stirn aufbringen. Ihnen wird ein biologischer Reduktionismus bescheinigt, der paradoxerweise das Unbehagen an der identitäts-subjektiven Engführung von Geschlecht durch eine spiegelbildliche Engführung von Geschlecht auf Anisogamie wiederholt. Als bessere Alternative wird ein biosoziales Verständnis von Geschlecht skizziert, das der empirischen Komplexität von Geschlechtlichkeit sowie dessen (Un-)verfügbarkeit besser gerecht wird.
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Ponseti, Jorge, and Aglaja Stirn. "Wie viele Geschlechter gibt es und kann man sie wechseln?" Zeitschrift für Sexualforschung 32, no. 03 (September 2019): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0978-7137.

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ZusammenfassungDie Aufteilung des Menschen in zwei Geschlechter wurde in jüngerer Vergangenheit kritisiert, da es keine genaue Grenze zwischen beiden Geschlechtern gebe und weil die Vorstellung von der Existenz zweier Geschlechter selbst das Ergebnis eines sozialen Konstruktionsprozesses sei. Daher sei Geschlecht etwas, was eine Person nur für sich bestimmen könne, folglich Transsexualität/Geschlechtsdysphorie keine psychische Störung und die Ansprüche der Betroffenen nach selbstbestimmter Wahl geschlechtsangleichender Maßnahmen legitim.In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die klassische Auffassung der Zweigeschlechtlichkeit durch die Fortpflanzungsfunktion begründet. Die Unterschiedlichkeit von Samen- und Eizelle (Anisogamie) hat weitreichende Konsequenzen für die Lebenswirklichkeit des Menschen und begründet geschlechtstypische Verhaltensneigungen und Geschlechtsrollen. Der aktuelle Begriff Geschlechtsidentität wird kritisiert und einem anderen Identitätskonzept, das therapeutische Anknüpfungspunkte bietet, gegenübergestellt. Ferner wird erläutert, wie sich die Kritik am klassischen Geschlechtsbegriff nachteilig für die Sexualwissenschaft sowie auch für die Therapie geschlechtsdysphorischer Menschen auswirkt. Die Annahme, dass eine Psychotherapie der Geschlechtsdysphorie unethisch ist, wird diskutiert und den Ergebnissen neuerer Katamnesestudien gegenübergestellt. Unter Berücksichtigung neurowissenschaftlicher Studien werden Vorschläge für eine neue psychotherapeutische Strategie gemacht.
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Bulmer, Michael G., Pieternella C. Luttikhuizen, and Geoff A. Parker. "Survival and anisogamy." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 17, no. 8 (August 2002): 357–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02537-5.

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Randerson, James P., and Laurence D. Hurst. "Survival and anisogamy." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 17, no. 8 (August 2002): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02538-7.

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Lehtonen, Jussi. "The Legacy of Parker, Baker and Smith 1972: Gamete Competition, the Evolution of Anisogamy, and Model Robustness." Cells 10, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10030573.

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The evolution of anisogamy or gamete size dimorphism is a fundamental transition in evolutionary history, and it is the origin of the female and male sexes. Although mathematical models attempting to explain this transition have been published as early as 1932, the 1972 model of Parker, Baker, and Smith is considered to be the first explanation for the evolution of anisogamy that is consistent with modern evolutionary theory. The central idea of the model is ingenious in its simplicity: selection simultaneously favours large gametes for zygote provisioning, and small gametes for numerical competition, and under certain conditions the outcome is anisogamy. In this article, I derive novel analytical solutions to a 2002 game theoretical update of the 1972 anisogamy model, and use these solutions to examine its robustness to variation in its central assumptions. Combining new results with those from earlier papers, I find that the model is quite robust to variation in its central components. This kind of robustness is crucially important in a model for an early evolutionary transition where we may only have an approximate understanding of constraints that the different parts of the model must obey.
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Lehtonen, Jussi, Hanna Kokko, and Geoff A. Parker. "What do isogamous organisms teach us about sex and the two sexes?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1706 (October 19, 2016): 20150532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0532.

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Isogamy is a reproductive system where all gametes are morphologically similar, especially in terms of size. Its importance goes beyond specific cases: to this day non-anisogamous systems are common outside of multicellular animals and plants, they can be found in all eukaryotic super-groups, and anisogamous organisms appear to have isogamous ancestors. Furthermore, because maleness is synonymous with the production of small gametes, an explanation for the initial origin of males and females is synonymous with understanding the transition from isogamy to anisogamy. As we show here, this transition may also be crucial for understanding why sex itself remains common even in taxa with high costs of male production (the twofold cost of sex). The transition to anisogamy implies the origin of male and female sexes, kickstarts the subsequent evolution of sex roles, and has a major impact on the costliness of sexual reproduction. Finally, we combine some of the consequences of isogamy and anisogamy in a thought experiment on the maintenance of sexual reproduction. We ask what happens if there is a less than twofold benefit to sex (not an unlikely scenario as large short-term benefits have proved difficult to find), and argue that this could lead to a situation where lineages that evolve anisogamy—and thus the highest costs of sex—end up being associated with constraints that make invasion by asexual reproduction unlikely (the ‘anisogamy gateway’ hypothesis). This article is part of the themed issue ‘Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction’.
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Schnepf, E., and G. Drebes. "Anisogamy in the dinoflagellateNoctiluca?" Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 47, no. 3 (October 1993): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02367168.

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Monro, Keyne, and Dustin J. Marshall. "Unravelling anisogamy: egg size and ejaculate size mediate selection on morphology in free-swimming sperm." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1834 (July 13, 2016): 20160671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0671.

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Gamete dimorphism (anisogamy) defines the sexes in most multicellular organisms. Theoretical explanations for its maintenance usually emphasize the size-related selection pressures of sperm competition and zygote survival, assuming that fertilization of all eggs precludes selection for phenotypes that enhance fertility. In external fertilizers, however, fertilization is often incomplete due to sperm limitation, and the risk of polyspermy weakens the advantage of high sperm numbers that is predicted to limit sperm size, allowing alternative selection pressures to target free-swimming sperm. We asked whether egg size and ejaculate size mediate selection on the free-swimming sperm of Galeolaria caespitosa , a marine tubeworm with external fertilization, by comparing relationships between sperm morphology and male fertility across manipulations of egg size and sperm density. Our results suggest that selection pressures exerted by these factors may aid the maintenance of anisogamy in external fertilizers by limiting the adaptive value of larger sperm in the absence of competition. In doing so, our study offers a more complete explanation for the stability of anisogamy across the range of sperm environments typical of this mating system and identifies new potential for the sexes to coevolve via mutual selection pressures exerted by gametes at fertilization.
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da Silva, Jack, and Victoria L. Drysdale. "Isogamy in large and complex volvocine algae is consistent with the gamete competition theory of the evolution of anisogamy." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1890 (November 7, 2018): 20181954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1954.

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Although the gamete competition theory remains the dominant explanation for the evolution of anisogamy, well-known exceptions to its predictions have raised doubts about the completeness of the theory. One of these exceptions is isogamy in large or complex species of green algae. Here, we show that this exception may be explained in a manner consistent with a game-theoretic extension of the original theory: a constraint on the minimum size of a gamete may prevent the evolution of continuously stable anisogamy. We show that in the volvocine algae, both gametes of isogamous species retain an intact chloroplast, whereas the chloroplast of the microgamete in anisogamous species is invariably degenerate. The chloroplast, which functions in photosynthesis and starch storage, may be necessary to provision a gamete for an extended period when gamete encounter rates are low. The single chloroplast accounts for most of the volume of a typical gamete, and thus may constrain the minimum size of a gamete, preventing the evolution of anisogamy. A prediction from this hypothesis, that isogametes should be larger than the microgametes of similar-size species, is confirmed for the volvocine algae. Our results support the gamete competition theory.
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Lehtonen, Jussi, and Heikki Helanterä. "Superorganismal anisogamy: queen–male dimorphism in eusocial insects." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1928 (June 10, 2020): 20200635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0635.

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Colonies of insects such as ants and honeybees are commonly viewed as ‘superorganisms’, with division of labour between reproductive ‘germline-like’ queens and males and ‘somatic’ workers. On this view, properties of the superorganismal colony are comparable with those of solitary organisms to such an extent that the colony itself can be viewed as a unit analogous to an organism. Thus, the concept of a superorganism can be useful as a guide to thinking about life history and allocation traits of colonies as a whole. A pattern that seems to reoccur in insects with superorganismal societies is size dimorphism between queens and males, where queens tend to be larger than males. It has been proposed that this is analogous to the phenomenon of anisogamy at the level of gametes in organisms with separate sexes; more specifically, it is suggested that this caste dimorphism may have evolved via similar selection pressures as gamete dimorphism arises in the ‘gamete competition’ theory for the evolution of anisogamy. In this analogy, queens are analogous to female gametes, males are analogous to male gametes, and colony survival is analogous to zygote survival in gamete competition theory. Here, we explore if this question can be taken beyond an analogy, and whether a mathematical model at the superorganism level, analogous to gamete competition at the organism level, may explain the caste dimorphism seen in superorganismal insects. We find that the central theoretical idea holds, but that there are also significant differences between the way this generalized ‘propagule competition’ theory operates at the levels of solitary organisms and superorganisms. In particular, we find that the theory can explain superorganismal caste dimorphism, but compared with anisogamy evolution, a central coevolutionary link is broken, making the requirements for the theory to work less stringent than those found for the evolution of anisogamy.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Anisogamie"

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Devier, Benjamin. "Evolution des types sexuels chez les champignons et analyse de la sélection chez un champignon phytopathogène, Microbotryum." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112266.

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La détection de gènes sous sélection positive entre pathogènes spécialisés sur des hôtes différents devrait permettre d'identifier les fonctions importantes impliquées dans la spécialisation. Nous avons cherché à identifier quels types de gènes étaient sous sélection positive entre espèces spécialisées sur des hôtes différents (Caryophyllaceae) du champignon phytopathogène Microbotryum. Nous avons identifié 42 gènes avec des signatures de sélection positive, avec des fonctions putatives qui peuvent potentiellement être impliquées dans la spécialisation à l'hôte. L'analyse du polymorphisme de certains de ces gènes a révélé que très peu d'entre eux présentaient des signaux de sélection positive au niveau intra-spécifique, suggérant que ces gènes ne sont pas continuellement sous sélection dans une co-évolution entre Microbotryum et ses hôtes, mais ont été impliqués probablement plutôt au moment des spécialisations des différentes espèces du complexe Microbotryum. D'autre part, nous avons effectué une recherche bibliographique sur la sélection sur l'existence et le nombre de types sexuels chez les champignons et sur les traits associés. Nous avons pu tirer des conclusions générales sur l'évolution de l'anisogamie et des types sexuels chez les eucaryotes. Nos études sur l'évolution des types sexuels chez les champignons ont montré que de nombreuses idées fausses existaient dans la littérature sur leur évolution car trop peu de liens étaient faits avec les théories existantes en biologie évolutive. Inversement, nous avons montré que les champignons pouvaient servir de bons modèles d'eucaryotes pour tester les théories existantes en biologie évolutive
Detecting genes under positive selection between pathogens specialized on different hosts should inform us on the type of functions involved in specialization. We therefore looked for genes under positive selection between species specialized on different hosts (Caryophyllaceae) of the phytopathogen fungus Microbotryum. We identified 42 genes showing a signature of positive selection, which had putative functions potentially involved in host specialization. We then analyzed polymorphism at the intra-specific level for some of these genes under positive selection between species. Two showed signals of positive selection at the intra-specific level, suggesting that most of the genes showing signs of positive selection when comparing species are not continually under selection in the coevolution between Microbotryum and its hosts. We also studied the selection on mating types in Microbotryum and more generally in fungi. We showed that the pheromone receptor genes evolve under balancing selection in Microbotryum and other basidiomycetes. Besides, we reviewed the literature for data on the existence and the number of mating types in fungi (varying from 0 to thousands) and associated traits, which allowed drawing inferences about the existence of anisogamy and mating types in eukaryotes. Our studies on the evolution of mating types in Microbotryum and more generally in fungi showed that several wrong ideas existed in the literature, because links are lacking with the extant theories in evolutionary biology. Conversely, we showed that fungi could serve as good eukaryotic models to test theories in evolutionary biology
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Hanschen, Erik Richard, and Erik Richard Hanschen. "The Evolution of Cell Cycle Regulation, Cellular Differentiation, and Sexual Traits during the Evolution of Multicellularity." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626165.

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During the evolution of multicellularity from unicellular ancestors, cells transition from being evolutionary individuals to components of more complex, multicellular evolutionary individuals. The volvocine green algae provide a powerful model system for understanding the genetic and morphological changes that underlie and are caused by the evolution of multicellularity. This dissertation concerns the role of cell cycle regulation, cellular differentiation, and sexual traits during the evolution of multicellularity. While some of these are shown to be causally important in the origins of multicellularity (Appendix B), others are driven by the evolution of multicellularity (Appendix D). We provide a review of recent mathematical models on the evolution of multicellularity, which are found to focus heavily on the later, subsequent stages of the evolution of multicellular complexity. We found that many of these models assume multicellular ancestors and instead evolve cellular differentiation, bringing attention to a gap in our understanding of the events in the initial stages of the evolution of multicellularity. We show that a focus on the early stages of the evolution of multicellularity reveals a powerful and critical role for regulation of the cell cycle at the origins of multicellularity (Appendix B). We further find that the genetic basis for cellular differentiation evolved sometime after the evolution of cell cycle regulation. We find that while the genetic basis for cellular differentiation evolved after cell cycle regulation, it also evolved earlier than previously predicted in the volvocine green algae, suggesting an important role in undifferentiated species (Appendix C). Lastly, having elucidated the origins and evolution of multicellularity, we find that multicellularity causes the evolution of sexual traits including anisogamy, internal fertilization, and subsequently sexual dimorphism (Appendix D). This work emphasizes the important role that multicellularity plays in driving the evolution of sexual diversity seen across the eukaryotic tree and well as informs critical hypotheses on the evolution of anisogamous sex, among the most challenging problems in evolutionary theory.
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Books on the topic "Anisogamie"

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Togashi, Tatsuya, and Paul Alan Cox, eds. The Evolution of Anisogamy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511975943.

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Togashi, Tatsuya. The evolution of anisogamy: A fundamental phenomenon underlying sexual selection. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Anisogamie"

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Kumar, Rahul, Mukesh Meena, and Prashant Swapnil. "Anisogamy." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_340-1.

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"Anisogamy." In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics, 102. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_829.

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"Perspectives on Anisogamy." In Social DNA, 23–30. Berghahn Books, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvw04d7m.6.

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Scott, Graham. "Reproduction." In Essential Ornithology, 94–117. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804741.003.0005.

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In this chapter the diverse mating systems exhibited by birds are described and explained. The chapter begins with a discussion of anisogamy and resulting behavioural differences exhibited by male and female birds. Sperm competition, sperm storage, and delayed fertilization are discussed and their consequences in terms of reproductive behaviours and systems are explained. Courtship systems and behaviours are discussed. Social monogamy, polygamy, and lekking behaviour are examined and examples of field research are given to support offered hypotheses. Bird song is considered in some detail through discussion of the function of song and of the genetic, neurological, and physiological control of singing. Particular attention is given to the impact of noise pollution on singing behaviour. The chapter concludes with a discussion of chick rearing including brood size management.
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McNamara, John M., and Olof Leimar. "Co-evolution of Traits." In Game Theory in Biology, 111–40. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815778.003.0006.

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Often traits interact, so that considering the evolution of each in isolation gives too limited an account. As is demonstrated in this chapter, it is then crucial to allow for the co-evolution of traits when analysing evolutionary stability. In particular this is important when there there is disruptive selection. Criteria for stability are presented and are applied to a variety of systems. It is shown that role asymmetries can lead to different predictions compared with the analogous situation with the same payoffs but without such asymmetries. Disruptive selection can lead to the evolution of anisogamy. When parental ability and parental effort co-evolve, disruptive selection can lead to one sex evolving to be better at care and doing most of the care. Furthermore, disruptive selection can lead to multiple ESSs, as when prosocial behaviour and the propensity to disperse from the natal site co-evolve. As is shown, disruptive forces can also act when there is learning, leading to specialization. This chapter sets the scene for the chapter that follows, where the level of cooperation shown by individuals co-evolves with choosiness and social sensitivity.
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Doebeli, Michael. "More Examples: Adaptive Diversification in Dispersal Rates, the Evolution of Anisogamy, and the Evolution of Trophic Preference." In Adaptive Diversification (MPB-48). Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691128931.003.0007.

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This chapter explores three more examples that all arise in the context of fundamental ecological and evolutionary questions to further illustrate the diversifying force of frequency-dependent interactions. The first example concerns the dynamics of spatially structured populations and serves as an excellent case study for illustrating the feedback between ecological and evolutionary dynamics. The second example concerns the evolution of asymmetry in gamete size between the sexes, which sets the stage for the “paradox of sex.” Finally, the third example concerns the fundamental question of the evolution of trophic levels in food webs, that is, the evolution of complexity in ecosystems.
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"CHAPTER SEVEN. More Examples: Adaptive Diversification in Dispersal Rates, the Evolution of Anisogamy, and the Evolution of Trophic Preference." In Adaptive Diversification (MPB-48), 163–94. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400838936.163.

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