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Journal articles on the topic 'Anisotropic Elastic Members'
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1
Sayers, Colin M., and Sagnik Dasgupta. "Elastic anisotropy of the Middle Bakken Formation." GEOPHYSICS 80, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): D23—D29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2014-0219.1.
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The Bakken Formation consists of three members: The Upper Bakken and Lower Bakken are dark marine shales with high organic content, whereas the Middle Bakken consists of mixed carbonates and clastics and is the main reservoir unit, despite having low porosity and permeability. Dipole S-wave data acquired in a lateral well in the Middle Bakken Formation revealed this formation to be anisotropic. Backus upscaling of logs acquired in a nearby vertical pilot well in the same layers sampled by the lateral well gave estimates of the anisotropy that were too small to explain the S-wave anisotropy measured in the lateral well. The observed anisotropy was interpreted in terms of bedding-parallel compliant discontinuities such as microcracks and low-aspect-ratio pores. The presence of bedding-parallel microcracks and low-aspect-ratio pores may contribute to the permeability of the tight Middle Bakken reservoir, and the sensitivity of P- and S-wave velocities to the presence of microcracks and low aspect ratio pores suggested the use of sonic and seismic measurements for identifying the productive zones in the low-permeability Middle Bakken reservoir.
2
Norris, Andrew N. "Mechanics of elastic networks." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 470, no. 2172 (December 8, 2014): 20140522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2014.0522.
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We consider a periodic lattice structure in d =2 or 3 dimensions with unit cell comprising Z thin elastic members emanating from a similarly situated central node. A general theoretical approach provides an algebraic formula for the effective elasticity of such frameworks. The method yields the effective cubic elastic constants for three-dimensional space-filling lattices with Z =4, 6, 8, 12 and 14, the last being the ‘stiffest’ lattice proposed by Gurtner & Durand (Gurtner & Durand 2014 Proc. R. Soc. A 470 , 20130611. ( doi:10.1098/rspa.2013.0611 )). The analytical expressions provide explicit formulae for the effective properties of pentamode materials, both isotropic and anisotropic, obtained from the general formulation in the stretch-dominated limit for Z = d +1.
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Haskell, Charles, Nicolas Montagne, Cyril Douthe, Olivier Baverel, and Corentin Fivet. "Generation of elastic geodesic gridshells with anisotropic cross sections." International Journal of Space Structures 36, no. 4 (December 2021): 294–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09560599211064099.
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Geodesic gridshells are shell structures made of continuous elements following geodesic lines. Their properties ease the use of beams with anisotropic cross-sections by avoiding bending about their strong axis. However, such bending may arise when flattening arbitrary geodesic grids, which forbids their initial assembly on the ground. This study provides a process to design elastic geodesic gridshells, that is, gridshells that minimise bending moments in both formed and near-flat configurations. The generation process first brings a target geodesic network onto a plane by maintaining arc lengths. The flat mesh is then relaxed to minimise its main curvatures and hence bending moments in its members. The result is an elastic geodesic gridshell that can be assembled flat on the ground and then lifted up into its target surface. The method is applied to the design of six geodesic gridshells made of reclaimed skis.
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Ruge, P., and P. Senker. "Dynamic Stability of an Elastic Rotating System: Shell-Disc-Shaft." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 3, no. 1 (1997): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x97000043.
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This paper presents a methodology and some results on the dynamic stability of an elastic rotating system consisting of one- and twodimensional members. These parts may contain different kinds of unsymmetries: either from mass- or stiffness imperfections or from anisotropic especially hydrodynamic bearings. The equations of motion are formulated using virtual work and an Finite Element approach. Special attention is paid to a kinematically consistent coupling of the elastic shell and disc. The eigenvalue extraction is based upon the method of Lanczos including a modal reduction and a correction process in order to ensure true diagonal system matrices. Some typical results for a shaft-disc-shell system with different bearings and imperfections are presented in detail.
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Fafitis, A., and Y. H. Won. "A Multiaxial Stochastic Constitutive Law for Concrete: Part I—Theoretical Development." Journal of Applied Mechanics 59, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899518.
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An incremental three-dimensional constitutive relation for concrete has been developed. The linear anisotropic and path-dependent behavior is modeled by updating the stiffness matrix at each load increment. The material is assumed incrementally elastic and the six elastic moduli E11, E12 .... E33 are expressed in terms of both the tangential hydrostatic and deviatoric stiffness whereas the three tangential shear moduli are expressed in terms of the deviatoric stiffness only. The hydrostatic and deviatoric stiffness are determined from uniaxial stress-strain relationships by employing the space truss concept. The unaxial stress-strain relationships are in a sense the stress-strain relationships of the members of the truss, and they were based on a rheological stochastic model developed earlier. The predictions of the model compare favorably with experimental data reported by various investigators. Complex loading paths are reproduced with acceptable accuracy as is demonstrated in the second part of this paper.
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Scaramozzino, Domenico, Giuseppe Lacidogna, Gianfranco Piana, and Alberto Carpinteri. "Numerical Evaluation of Protein Global Vibrations at Terahertz Frequencies by Means of Elastic Lattice Models." Proceedings 67, no. 1 (November 9, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asec2020-07518.
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Proteins represent one of the most important building blocks for most biological processes. Their biological mechanisms have been found to correlate significantly with their dynamics, which is commonly investigated through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. However, important insights on protein dynamics and biological mechanisms have also been obtained via much simpler and computationally efficient calculations based on elastic lattice models (ELMs). The application of structural mechanics approaches, such as modal analysis, to the protein ELMs has allowed to find impressive results in terms of protein dynamics and vibrations. The low-frequency vibrations extracted from the protein ELM are usually found to occur within the terahertz (THz) frequency range and correlate fairly accurately with the observed functional motions. In this contribution, the global vibrations of lysozyme will be investigated by means of a finite element (FE) truss model, and we will show that there exists complete consistency between the proposed FE approach and one of the more well-known ELMs for protein dynamics, the anisotropic network model (ANM). The proposed truss model can consequently be seen as a simple method, easily accessible to the structural mechanics community members, to analyze protein vibrations and their connections with the biological activity.
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Shih, C. F., and R. J. Asaro. "Elastic-Plastic Analysis of Cracks on Bimaterial Interfaces: Part I—Small Scale Yielding." Journal of Applied Mechanics 55, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3173676.
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Full-field numerical solutions for a crack which lies along the interface of an elastic-plastic medium and a rigid substrate are presented. The solutions are obtained using a small strain version of the J2-deformation theory with power-law strain hardening. In the present article, results for loading causing only small scale yielding at the crack tip are described; in subsequent articles the mathematical structure of the crack-tip fields under small scale yielding and results for contained yielding and fully plastic behavior will be presented. We find that although the near-tip fields do not appear to have a separable singular form, of the HRR-type fields as in homogeneous media, they do, however, bear interesting similarities to certain mixed-mode HRR fields. Under small scale yielding, where the remote elastic fields are specified by a complex stress-concentration vector Q = |Q|eiφ with φ being the phase angle between the two in-plane stress modes, we find that the plastic fields are members of a family parameterized by a new phase angle ξ, ≡ φ + εln(QQ/σ02L), and the fields nearly scale with the well-defined energy release rate as evaluated by the J-integral. Here σ0 is the reference yield stress and L is the total crack length (or a relevant length of the crack geometry). Numerical procedures appropriate for solving a general class of interface crack problems are also presented. A description of a numerical method for extracting the mixed mode stress intensities for cracks at interfaces and in homogeneous isotropic or anisotropic media, is included.
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Sone, Hiroki, and Mark D. Zoback. "Mechanical properties of shale-gas reservoir rocks — Part 1: Static and dynamic elastic properties and anisotropy." GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 5 (September 1, 2013): D381—D392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2013-0050.1.
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Understanding the controls on the elastic properties of reservoir rocks is crucial for exploration and successful production from hydrocarbon reservoirs. We studied the static and dynamic elastic properties of shale gas reservoir rocks from Barnett, Haynesville, Eagle Ford, and Fort St. John shales through laboratory experiments. The elastic properties of these rocks vary significantly between reservoirs (and within a reservoir) due to the wide variety of material composition and microstructures exhibited by these organic-rich shales. The static (Young’s modulus) and dynamic (P- and S-wave moduli) elastic parameters generally decrease monotonically with the clay plus kerogen content. The variation of the elastic moduli can be explained in terms of the Voigt and Reuss limits predicted by end-member components. However, the elastic properties of the shales are strongly anisotropic and the degree of anisotropy was found to correlate with the amount of clay and organic content as well as the shale fabric. We also found that the first-loading static modulus was, on average, approximately 20% lower than the unloading/reloading static modulus. Because the unloading/reloading static modulus compares quite well to the dynamic modulus in the rocks studied, comparing static and dynamic moduli can vary considerably depending on which static modulus is used.
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Hart, Bruce S., Joe H. S. Macquaker, and Kevin G. Taylor. "Mudstone (“shale”) depositional and diagenetic processes: Implications for seismic analyses of source-rock reservoirs." Interpretation 1, no. 1 (August 1, 2013): B7—B26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2013-0003.1.
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Source-rock reservoirs are fine-grained petroleum source rocks (“shales” or “mudstones”) having geomechanical properties that allow those rocks to produce hydrocarbons at economic rates after stimulation by hydraulic fracturing. Many of the assumptions commonly adopted by geophysicists to characterize shales cannot be applied to source-rock reservoirs. For example, the mineralogies of many source-rock reservoirs are not dominated by clay minerals and so mathematical and/or conceptual models developed for clay-dominated mudstones are not appropriate and cannot be applied to them. Instead, mudstones of shale plays are generally dominated by biogenic calcite and/or quartz. We use terminology of sedimentary geology to show that anisotropy is scale-dependent in source-rock reservoirs, and we discuss the depositional and diagenetic processes that control these and other geophysical properties of interest. The mudstones of source-rock reservoirs may or may not be anisotropic at the lamination scale (i.e., millimeters), the scale commonly used to measure anisotropic parameters via core plugs, but they are nearly always anisotropic at the bedset (centimeters to several meters) and member (tens of meters) scales. Because of the anisotropic nature of mudstones, elastic properties are not scalars at the length/thickness scales that can be defined using seismic methods. Properties of interest are likely to be different parallel to bedding compared to perpendicular to bedding. Because of the subseismic scale of much of this variability, thin-bed effects are likely to influence the AVO behavior of source-rock reservoirs.
10
Scharkowski, A., H. Schmiedel, R. Stannarius, and E. Weißhuhn. "Elastic Constants of Nematic Phenylpyrimidines Determined by Two Different Methods." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 45, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1990-0108.
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AbstractA survey of various methods to measure the elastic constants Ki of nematic liquid crystals is given. To determine K1, K3 and the anisotropy of the diamagnetic susceptibility Δx of two members of the 5n-hexyl-2-[4n-alkyloxy-phenyl]-pyrimidines and a mixture of both, we used a combined electromagneto- optical method, consisting in independent measurements of the optical phase difference in electric and magnetic fields acting on the same cell. The temperature dependence of the K1- and K3-values for these phenylpyrimidines can be explained by common theories. The Δx data show the same temperature dependence as the values of the orientational order parameter S obtained by 1H-NMR.
11
Gomon, S. S., S. S. Homon, A. P. Pavluk, and Y. V. Puhash. "REGARDING THE IMPROVEMENT OF CURRENT NORMATIVE DOCUMENTS FOR THE CALCULATION OF BENDING WOODEN ELEMENTS AND STRUCTURES." Modern structures of metal and wood, no. 27 (July 2023): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2707-3068-2023-27-67-74.
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The most common use of wood in construction is for bending elements. The calculation of bending members made of glued laminated timber requires the use of the section modulus of this member and the calculated values of the bending strength of the timber. The design bending strength of wood is determined based on the characteristic values obtained from the laws of elastic material under load. However, this statement completely contradicts the anisotropy of wood in its tensile and compressive behavior. If it is known that wood works 90-95% to failure in longitudinal tension, it is then it can be assumed that it is elastic at all. However, in longitudinal deformation, there is non-linear behavior with increasing elastic and plastic strains. Furthermore, the longitudinal tensile strength of wood is almost twice that of longitudinal compression. Therefore, even if the relative deformations in the wood are the same different compressive and tensile stresses arise in the bending element, i.e. . Many authors who have carried out experimental and theoretical studies on the performance of timber beams have pointed out that the neutral force line in the cross-section of the element in direct transverse bending, with increasing levels of single load, shifts towards the tensile zone. Therefore, using the moment of resistance of the cross section in the wooden element to determine the section modulus is incorrect. The moment of resistance of a section of a timber member is only determined if the centre of gravity of the section coincides with the centre of force line. Usually, the failure of long wooden beams ( ) in transverse bending usually occurs due to the fracture of the most stressed outer layers of wood in the of the tensile area and is brittle in nature. It is on such elements that the the temporary bending strength. It is on such elements that the bending strength is crucial. However, the values of , usually determined in the outermost wood layers of the tensile zone, based on the condition, only reach values of 70-75% of the longitudinal tensile strength of wood . It is not possible to determine the tensile strength of wood at this stress level. Therefore, the results of determining the bending strength of wood using the moment of resistance of the cross-section of a timber element determined in the limiting condition are erroneous due to the impossibility of establishing values
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Islam, M. A., Md Rasidul Islam, Md Zahidur Rahaman, and Tetsuo Soga. "First-principles study of physical, and superconducting properties of newly discovered full-Heusler compound MgPd2Sb." Physica Scripta, November 2, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac9f86.
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Abstract A DFT-based theoretical technique is used to investigate the physical characteristics of type-II MgPd2Sb superconductor, which reveals superconductivity below 2.83 K. By using the McMillan equation, the computed electron-phonon coupling constant is 0.60. This suggests that this compound can be classified as a weakly coupled superconductor, which is consistent in accordance with earlier published theoretical as well as experimental results. The calculated lattice parameter, density of state (DOS) and Debye temperature are also consistent with other studies. The calculated electronic band structure indicates that the studied compound is metallic in nature. For the first time we have investigated the detailed optical and mechanical characteristics of MgPd2Sb superconductor. The computed elastic constant reveals that this compound is mechanically stable and ductile. The anisotropy of the MgPd2Sb superconductor is determined by using the Zener anisotropic algorithm and the ELATE code. The optical properties of this Heusler type superconductor are nearly similar to other members of the same family. We believe that the present findings can assist researchers in finding and analyzing new superconducting candidates among the full-Heusler alloys.
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Yadav, Anand Kumar, M. S. Barak, and Vipin Gupta. "Reflection at the free surface of the orthotropic piezo-hygro-thermo-elastic medium." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, July 17, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-04-2023-0208.
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Purpose This paper aims to study the impact of pyro-electricity, moisture and temperature diffusivity on the energy distribution of plane waves at the free surface of an orthotropic piezo-hygro-thermo-elastic medium. Design/methodology/approach This study presents the novel creation of governing equations for an anisotropic piezothermoelastic medium with moisture impact, which is a significant contribution of this paper. Findings In addition to providing numerical data for the amplitude ratios and energy ratios of reflected waves, this study identifies five different kinds of coupled reflected plane waves, namely, quasi-longitudinal P wave, quasi-thermal wave, quasi-transverse wave, quasi-moisture wave and electric potential wave. Research limitations/implications The graphical analysis examines the impact of various factors, such as the angle of incidence, moisture and temperature diffusivity, pyro-electricity and frequency, on energy distribution. Practical implications This paper's results significantly impact the development of more efficient piezoelectric materials and their applications in geophysics. Originality/value The authors of the submitted document initiated and produced it collectively, with equal contributions from all members.
14
Simalaotao, Kodchakorn, Thanasee Thanasarnsurapong, Tosapol Maluangnont, Kanoknan Phacheerak, and Adisak Boonchun. "Elastic properties of A2Ti6O13 (A=H, Li, Na, K and Rb) : a computational study." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, May 22, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/acd790.
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Abstract The elastic properties of the alkali hexatitanate family A2Ti6O13 (A = H, Li, Na, K, and Rb) are investigated which based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) within Generalized Gradient Approximation plus Hubbard U (GGA+U) approach. The results showed that all members of the family are wide-band semiconductors and the calculated lattice parameters are consistent with experimental values. In terms of mechanical stability, the results indicated that the alkali hexatitanates are highly incompressible to uniaxial stress, with the largest elastic constant C22 reaching values as high as 265 GPa in K2Ti6O13. The obtained elastic constants, using the stress-strain method, were used to calculate bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus, brittleness and ductility, elastic anisotropy, Vickers hardness, sound velocities, and the Debye temperature. It was found that the member of the family with the highest atomic number of the alkaline group, Rb2Ti6O13, had the highest values of bulk, shear, and Young's modulus, as well as the lowest values of shear and compression anisotropy, and a high Vickers hardness.
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Yavari, Arash. "Universal displacements in inextensible fiber-reinforced linear elastic solids." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids, July 19, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10812865231181924.
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For a given class of materials, universal displacements are those displacements that can be maintained for any member of the class by applying only boundary tractions. In this paper, we study universal displacements in compressible anisotropic linear elastic solids reinforced by a family of inextensible fibers. For each symmetry class and for a uniform distribution of straight fibers respecting the corresponding symmetry, we characterize the respective universal displacements. A goal of this paper is to investigate how an internal constraint affects the set of universal displacements. We have observed that other than the triclinic and cubic solids in the other five classes (a fiber-reinforced solid with straight fibers cannot be isotropic), the presence of inextensible fibers enlarges the set of universal displacements.
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Kitamura, Keigo, Hiroshi Sakuma, and Osamu Nishizawa. "Effect of temperature on elastic properties of biotite and biotite-rich rocks: Estimation from experiment and molecular dynamics simulation." Geophysical Journal International, May 19, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac187.
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Summary We measured the P-wave velocities (VP) of mafic high-grade metamorphic rocks at 1.0 GPa pressure and a range of temperatures from 25°C to 400°C, along orthogonal directions corresponding to macroscopic fabric elements in the specimen. Our results showed that biotite-rich rocks (over 15 vol% biotite) displayed a strong decrease in VP with increasing temperature whereas biotite-free rocks did not. The anisotropy of VP (AVP) in biotite-rich rocks also increased with increasing temperature because of differential VP reduction, indicating a thermal dependence of the elastic properties of biotite. We conducted molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effect of temperature on the elastic stiffness constants (Cij) of phlogopite, an end member of the biotite solid-solution series. The simulations indicated that Cij of phlogopite have a strong anisotropy and temperature dependence. We then estimated Cij of the bulk rock by using the Voigt-Reuss-Hill average procedure based on the estimated Cij of phlogopite, reference values for Cij of hornblende and plagioclase and measured crystal preferred orientations. From the resulting values of bulk-rock Cij, we calculated the quasi-VP and anisotropy parameter ε, under the assumption of transverse isotropy, and confirmed that temperature had a clear effect on velocity whereas AVP remained stable. This result suggests that the thermal effect on VP of biotite-rich rocks can be explained by the thermal dependence of Cij of phlogopite, which we attribute to a lattice rearrangement in phlogopite. This finding implies that the elastic properties of micas may change and affect the elastic properties of bulk rocks in the absence of mechanical breakage, dehydration reactions or phase changes. The thermal effect on AVP of biotite-rich rocks cannot be explained by a thermal dependency of the elastic constants of phlogopite. We speculate that the local concentration of thermal stress on biotite may account for the thermal dependency of AVP of biotite-rich rocks.
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Hadi, M. A., S. R. G. Christopoulos, A. Chroneos, S. H. Naqib, and A. K. M. A. Islam. "DFT insights into the electronic structure, mechanical behaviour, lattice dynamics and defect processes in the first Sc-based MAX phase Sc2SnC." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (August 18, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18336-z.
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AbstractHere we employed the density functional theory calculations to investigate some physical properties of first Sc-based MAX phase Sc2SnC including defect processes to compare with those of existing M2SnC phases. The calculated structural properties are in good agreement with the experimental values. The new phase Sc2SnC is structurally, mechanically and dynamically stable. Sc2SnC is metallic with a mixture of covalent and ionic character. The covalency of Sc2SnC including M2SnC is mostly controlled by the effective valence. Sc2SnC in M2SnC family ranks second in the scale of deformability and softness. The elastic anisotropy level in Sc2SnC is moderate compared to the other M2SnC phases. The hardness and melting point of Sc2SnC, including M2SnC, follows the trend of bulk modulus. Like other members of the M2SnC family, Sc2SnC has the potential to be etched into 2D MXenes and has the potential to be a thermal barrier coating material.
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Hosseinabadi, M., E. Etemadi, Ahmad Serjouei, and Mahdi Bodaghi. "3D Printed Negative Stiffness Meta-Structures with Superior Energy Absorption and Super-Elastic Shape-Recovery Features." Smart Materials and Structures, January 28, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/acb6d9.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to create novel 3D cubic negative stiffness structures (NSSs) with superior mechanical performances such as high energy absorption, shape recovery, super-elasticity, and reversibility. The conceptual design is based on an understanding of geometrical influences, non-linear buckling-type instability, snap-through mechanism, elasto-plastic deformation growth and plastic hinges. A finite element (FE) based computational model with an elasto-plastic material behavior is developed to design and analyze NSSs, saving time, material, and energy consumption. Material samples and meta-structures are 3D printed by selective laser sintering printing method. Material properties are determined via mechanical testing revealing that the printing process does not introduce much anisotropy into the fabricated parts. Experimental tests are then conducted to study the behavior of novel designs under loading-unloading cycles verifying the accuracy of the computational model. A good correlation is observed between experimental and numerical data revealing the high accuracy of the FE modeling. The structural model is then implemented to digitally design and test NSSs. Effects of the geometrical parameters of the negative stiffness members under three cyclic loading are investigated, and their implications on the non-linear mechanical behavior of NSSs under cyclic loading are put into evidence, and pertinent conclusions are outlined. In addition, the dissipated energy and loss factor values of the designed structures are studied and the proposed UC is presented for the energy absorbing systems. The results show that the structural and geometry of energy absorbers are key parameters to improve the energy absorption capability of the designed structures. This paper is likely to fill a gap in the state-of-the-art NS meta-structures and provide guidelines that would be instrumental in the design of NSS with superior energy absorption, super-elasticity and reversibility features.