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Journal articles on the topic 'Ankle-Foot Orthosis Testing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 October 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Middleton, E. A., G. R. B. Hurley, and J. S. McIlwain. "The role of rigid and hinged polypropylene ankle-foot-orthoses in the management of cerebral palsy: a case study." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 12, no. 3 (1988): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093648809079396.

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Ankle-foot orthoses are commonly used in the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy to hold the foot in a position conducive to a more functional gait. This study, utilizing quantitative biomechanical techniques, evaluates the effects of a rigid ankle-foot orthosis and a hinged ankle-foot orthosis on spastic cerebral palsy gait. The subject was a 4.5 year old female diagnosed as spastic diplegic cerebral palsied shortly after birth. Testing involved collection of kinematic coordinate data employing a WATSMART video system and ground reaction force' data using a Kistler force plate. Jensen's (1978

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Arazpour, Mokhtar, Fardin Ahmadi, Monireh Ahmadi Bani, et al. "Gait evaluation of new powered knee–ankle–foot orthosis in able-bodied persons: A pilot study." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 38, no. 1 (2013): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364613486917.

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Background: Knee–ankle–foot orthoses are utilized for walking by patients with lower limb weakness. However, they may be rejected by patients due to the lack of knee flexion available when using them for walking activities. Aim: The aim of this study was to perform a pilot study investigating the effect of a new powered knee–ankle–foot orthosis on walking in healthy persons before testing with patients with lower limb weakness. Methods: Walking evaluation was performed on five healthy subjects (mean age: 26 ± 5.6 years). Walking trials were randomly performed in three test conditions: normal w

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Williamson, Patrick, Aron Lechtig, Philip Hanna, et al. "Pressure Distribution in the Ankle and Subtalar Joint With Routine and Oversized Foot Orthoses." Foot & Ankle International 39, no. 8 (2018): 994–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100718770659.

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Background: Foot orthoses are used to treat many disorders that affect the lower limb. These assistive devices have the potential to alter the forces, load distribution, and orientation within various joints in the foot and ankle. This study attempts to quantify the effects of orthoses on the intra-articular force distribution of the ankle and subtalar joint using a cadaveric testing jig to simulate weight bearing. Methods: Five lower-limb cadaveric specimens were placed on a custom jig, where a 334-N (75-lb) load was applied at the femoral head, and the foot was supported against a plate to s

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Darwich, Ayham, Hasan Nazha, Aleen Sliman, and William Abbas. "Ankle–foot orthosis design between the tradition and the computerized perspectives." International Journal of Artificial Organs 43, no. 5 (2019): 354–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0391398819890348.

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This study focuses on the drop foot case related to hyperthyroidism of the ankle joint resulting in the relaxation of the toes during walking. This condition requires treatment using an ankle–foot orthosis. Traditional orthosis techniques lack precision and depend on the skill of the fabricator. This research aims to make a bias in ankle–foot orthosis design and analysis methods, where a complete methodology of numerical design and testing has been proposed using advanced engineering software. A numerical model of the patient’s foot was generated and used to design an ankle–foot orthosis model

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Bin Ab Patar, Mohd Nor Azmi, Hanif Ramli, Jamaluddin Mahmud, and Abdul Halim Yusof. "Efficacy and Safety Testing of a New Biologically Based Design Ankle Foot Orthosis in Healthy Volunteer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 1953–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.1953.

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The ankle-foot of human body is a multi-joint structure that accommodates complex foot motion. Abnormality to the ankle-foot due to injury or disease can result in abnormal gait motion. In such cases, physiotherapist has to assist hemiplegic patients (ankle dorsiflexor muscles with lack of dorsiflexion assist moment) in rehabilitation therapy by using gait training in parallel bars. Physiotherapist has to support hemiplegic patient to position foot and also supports their stand balance. This prolongs multiple task puts extra burden to physiotherapist which gives side effect such as muscular st

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Sheehan, Conor, and Elaine Figgins. "A comparison of mechanical properties between different percentage layups of a single-style carbon fibre ankle foot orthosis." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 41, no. 4 (2016): 364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364616652015.

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Background:Currently, a range of ‘off-the-shelf’ ankle foot orthoses are used in clinical practice, of various functions and designs. Their use relates to immediate control over mild conditions.Objectives:To investigate the properties of carbon fibre ankle foot orthoses at different percentage layups and provide a comparison of these through assessment of the (1) elastic properties, (2) deflection about the ankle (including the calculation of stiffness) and (3) failure under compressive forces (dorsiflexion).Study design:Experimental, bench test.Methods:Literature was reviewed to derive a suit

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Davis, Priya Chantal, Timothy Michael Bach, and Darren Mark Pereira. "The Effect of Stance Control Orthoses on Gait Characteristics and Energy Expenditure in Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis Users." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 34, no. 2 (2010): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093641003773189.

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Stance Control knee-ankle foot orthoses (SCO) differ from their traditional locked knee counterparts by allowing free knee flexion during swing while providing stability during stance. It is widely accepted that free knee flexion during swing normalizes gait and therefore improves walking speed and reduces the energy requirements of walking. Limited research has been carried out to evaluate the benefits of SCOs when compared to locked knee-ankle foot orthoses (KAFOs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of SCOs used for patients with lower limb pathology. Energy expendi

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McGrath, Robert L., Ciera A. Price, William Brett Johnson, and Walter Lee Childers. "Advancing Exoskeleton Development: Validation of a Robotic Surrogate to Measure Tibial Strain." Bioengineering 11, no. 5 (2024): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11050490.

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Bone stress injuries are prevalent among athletes and military recruits and can significantly compromise training schedules. The development of an ankle–foot orthosis to reduce tibial load and enable a faster return to activity will require new device testing methodologies capable of capturing the contribution of muscular force on tibial strain. Thus, an actuated robotic surrogate leg was developed to explore how tibial strain changes with different ankle–foot orthosis conditions. The purpose of this work was to assess the reliability, scalability, and behavior of the surrogate. A dual actuati

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9

Cappa,, P., F. Patane`,, and M. M. Pierro. "A Novel Device to Evaluate the Stiffness of Ankle-Foot Orthosis Devices." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 125, no. 6 (2003): 913–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1634993.

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The evaluation of mechanical behavior of plastic Ankle-Foot Orthosis (AFO) is important since AFO can provide an efficient support to patients with disabilities in locomotion. This paper reports on a novel testing apparatus that allows: (a) the evaluation of AFO stiffness in sagittal and frontal planes; (b) the conduction of semi-automatic trials; and, finally, (c) a global accuracy associated to the AFO stiffness values always less than 4%. The stiffness values are determined by the measurements of the imposed relative displacements between the foot and the shank of the orthosis and the induc

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Baev, P. O., V. V. Pivovarov, S. V. Kornieiev, N. Yu Tregub, and S. Nolte. "Application of test-orthoses on lower extremities for determination of physical abilities and rehabilitation potential of persons with serious impairments of function of support and walking." Paediatric Surgery. Ukraine, no. 4(73) (December 30, 2021): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/ps.2021.73.94.

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The most numerous and most complex group of diseases which result in impairment of human function of support and walking are neuro-muscular diseases and traumas of a spine and a spinal cord. Impairments which rise as a consequence of such diseases, require effective orthotic management which will allow the patient to compensate the lost functions necessary at stable walking. For the last 15 years in Ukraine, as well as in the world, a great many of various constructions of orthoses on different levels of the lower extremity, which cover all existing pathologies, has appeared. But as practical

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Thibodeau, Alexis, Patrick Dumond, Joongho Kim, and Edward D. Lemaire. "Surrogate lower limb design for ankle-foot orthosis mechanical evaluation." Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering 9 (January 2022): 205566832211396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20556683221139613.

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Purpose This study designs and provides a pilot evaluation of a novel surrogate lower limb (SLL) that provides anatomically realistic three-dimensional (3D) foot motion, based on a literature consensus of passive lower limb motion. This SLL is intended to replace single axis surrogates currently used in mechanical testing of ankle-foot orthoses (AFO). Material and Methods The SLL design is inspired by the Rizzoli foot model, with shank, hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot, and toe sections. Ball and socket joints were used between hindfoot-midfoot (HM)-forefoot sections. Forefoot-toes used a hinge joi

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Adiputra, Dimas, Mohd Azizi Abdul Rahman, Irfan Bahiuddin, Ubaidillah, Fitrian Imaduddin, and Nurhazimah Nazmi. "Sensor Number Optimization Using Neural Network for Ankle Foot Orthosis Equipped with Magnetorheological Brake." Open Engineering 11, no. 1 (2020): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0010.

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Abstract A passive controlled ankle foot orthosis (PICAFO) used a passive actuator such as Magnetorheological (MR) brake to control the ankle stiffness. The PICAFO used two kinds of sensors, such as Electromyography (EMG) signal and ankle position (two inputs) to determine the amount of stiffness (one output) to be generated by the MR brake. As the overall weight and design of an orthotic device must be optimized, the sensor numbers on PICAFO wanted to be reduced. To do that, a machine learning approach was implemented to simplify the previous stiffness function. In this paper, Non-linear Auto

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Kobayashi, Toshiki, Aaron k. L. Leung, Yasushi Akazawa, Hisashi Naito, Masao Tanaka, and Stephen W. Hutchins. "Design of an Automated Device to Measure Sagittal Plane Stiffness of an Articulated Ankle-Foot Orthosis." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 34, no. 4 (2010): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093646.2010.495370.

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The purpose of this study was to design a new automated stiffness measurement device which could perform a simultaneous measurement of both dorsi- and plantarflexion angles and the corresponding resistive torque around the rotational centre of an articulated ankle-foot orthosis (AAFO). This was achieved by controlling angular velocities and range of motion in the sagittal plane. The device consisted of a hydraulic servo fatigue testing machine, a torque meter, a potentiometer, a rotary plate and an upright supporter to enable an AAFO to be attached to the device via a surrogate shank. The accu

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Wapner, Keith L., Gail S. Pavlock, Paul J. Hecht, Francis Naselli, and Robyn Walther. "Repair of Chronic Achilles Tendon Rupture with Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon Transfer." Foot & Ankle 14, no. 8 (1993): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079301400803.

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A new technique is described for reconstruction of chronic Achilles tendon rupture using the flexor hallucis longus tendon. Follow-up on seven patients (mean age 52 years) is provided (average follow-up 17 months, range 3–30 months). All patients were re-examined to assess postoperative range of motion, scar healing, and sensation. Motor strength was assessed by Cybex testing. Subjective satisfaction was examined by completion of a questionnaire. There were no postoperative infections, skin losses, or re-ruptures. Each patient developed a small but functionally insignificant loss in range of m

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Kobayashi, Toshiki, Fan Gao, Nicholas LeCursi, K. Bo Foreman, and Michael S. Orendurff. "Effect of Shoes on Stiffness and Energy Efficiency of Ankle-Foot Orthosis: Bench Testing Analysis." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 33, no. 6 (2017): 460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2016-0309.

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Understanding the mechanical properties of ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) is important to maximize their benefit for those with movement disorders during gait. Though mechanical properties such as stiffness and/or energy efficiency of AFOs have been extensively studied, it remains unknown how and to what extent shoes influence their properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of shoes on stiffness and energy efficiency of an AFO using a custom mechanical testing device. Stiffness and energy efficiency of the AFO were measured in the plantar flexion and dorsiflexion range, respe

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M.Abbas, Saif, Rasha Qasim Humadi, and Ayad M. Takhakh. "Testing and manufacturing with numerical modeling of metal PTB orthosis." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4 (2019): 5460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.26056.

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In this work, fiber glass as a reinforcement in composite material used for manufacturing ankle foot orthoses (AFO) PTB type of metal valve with vacuum molding technique fabricated. The material was depended on 8 layers of fiber glass. The mechanical properties of the AFOsâ€™ material were studied by tensile test, and fatigue test. The results showed that the tensile strength (Ï¬ult ) for fiber glass are 224 MPa, yield strength (Ï¬y ) was 170 MPa and elongation at break 1.9mm.The gait cycle (ground reaction force (GRF)) and pressure distribution data were collected by using force plate and F-s

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Major, R. E., P. J. Hewart, and A. M. Macdonald. "A new structural concept in moulded fixed ankle foot orthoses and comparison of the bending stiffness of four constructions." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 28, no. 1 (2004): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093640409167924.

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There are many reasons why a rigid ankle foot orthosis (AFO) may be prescribed. In some cases it is desirable that the rigidity is sufficient to maintain a constant ankle position throughout the gait cycle. There is a need to determine a design of cosmetic, lightweight AFO that provides the necessary stiffness whilst being acceptable to the patient, encouraging continued wear with the resultant benefits. This paper describes an investigation of AFO resistance to dorsiflexion, comparing the stiffness of an AFO with forward trim lines, two designs of reinforced AFOs and an AFO with forward trim

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Pahonie, Radu Calin, Amado Stefan, Ioana Raluca Adochiei, et al. "Experimental Characterisation of the Mechanical Properties of Lightweight 3D Printed Polymer Materials for Biomechanical Application in Ankle-Foot Orthosis." Materiale Plastice 54, no. 2 (2017): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.17.2.4859.

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In lumbar disc herniation a possible functional problem in the ambulation is the Foot-drop syndrome caused by radicular nerve pinching. This causes a dramatic loss in gait cycle efficiency. In the rehabilitation process patients may benefit from wearing a foot orthosis that prevents them from falling and secondary injuries. Evidence in the literature suggests the important correlation between the optimal match of the forces produced during human gait and the rigidity of the constructive materials. The inherent rigidity of the materials plays an important role in determining its biomechanical f

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Ridgewell, Emily, Fiona Dobson, Timothy Bach, and Richard Baker. "A Systematic Review to Determine Best Practice Reporting Guidelines for AFO Interventions in Studies Involving Children with Cerebral Palsy." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 34, no. 2 (2010): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093641003674288.

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Studies which have examined the effects of ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) on children with cerebral palsy (CP) often report insufficient detail about the participants, devices and testing protocols. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the level and quality of detail reported about these factors in order to generate best practice guidelines for reporting of future studies. A systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify studies which examined any outcome measure relating to AFO use in children with CP. A customized checklist was developed for data extraction and qualit

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Yamamoto, Masataka, Koji Shimatani, Hitoshi Okano, and Hiroshi Takemura. "Effect of Ankle-Foot Orthosis Stiffness on Muscle Force During Gait Through Mechanical Testing and Gait Simulation." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 98039–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3095530.

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Lee, Jung-Hoon, Im-Rak Choi, and Hyun-Su Choi. "Immediate Effects of Ankle–Foot Orthosis Using Wire on Static Balance of Patients with Stroke with Foot Drop: A Cross-Over Study." Healthcare 8, no. 2 (2020): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8020116.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the immediate static balance effects of bare foot, UD-Flex ankle–foot orthosis (AFO), and AFO using wire (AOW) of patients with stroke with foot drop. Seventeen patients with stroke with foot drop (8 men and 9 women) were randomized to three conditions (bare foot, UD-Flex AFO, or AOW made with a flexible material). Static balance was assessed using the Zebris (Zebris GmbH, Isny, Germany) and BioRescue (RM Ingenierie, Rodez, France) pressure platform by a single examiner, who did not design the AOW. The order of testing with the equipment was random. The

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Thangavelu, Karthikeyan. "Therapeutic Efficacy of Functional Task with Unilateral AFO and Knee Gaiter versus Bobath Intervention on Patients Gait Dysfunction in Stroke Population - A Comparative Study." Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine 2, no. 2 (2020): 73–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709279.

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Introduction: Stroke is defined as sudden onset of focal neurological deficit lasting more than 24 hours duration. There are several complications derived from these illness, including neurological disorders like gait dysfunction. Attending to this problem, some treatments have been developed, including ankle foot orthosis (AFO), knee gaiter and bobath intervention. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of functional task in patients affected by stroke. Material and Methods: Timed up and go (TUG) was the measurement evaluated. A total of 10 stroke patient were recruited for the stud

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Uchiyama, Eiji, Akiko Nomura, Yasushi Takeda, Kenji Hiranuma, and Hiroshi Iwaso. "A Modified Operation for Achilles Tendon Ruptures." American Journal of Sports Medicine 35, no. 10 (2007): 1739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546507304492.

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Background Treatment of Achilles tendon rupture has long been at the center of debate. Hypothesis A new technique in surgical Achilles tendon repair allows for more stability and earlier rehabilitation. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods One hundred Achilles tendon rupture patients (70 men, 30 women; age range, 16-54 years; mean age, 32 years) were treated by a newly modified method of repair. Twenty-one of these patients were high-level athletes, and 79 were recreational-level athletes. The average length of follow-up was 2.4 years (range, 1-6.3 years), and none of the ru

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Karthikeyan, Thangavelu. "Therapeutic Efficacy of Functional Task with Unilateral AFO and Knee Gaiter versus Bobath Intervention on Patients Gait Dysfunction in Stroke Population - A Comparative Study." Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine 2, no. 2 (2020): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.53986/ibjm.2020.0015.

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Introduction: Stroke is defined as sudden onset of focal neurological deficit lasting more than 24 hours duration. There are several complications derived from these illness, including neurological disorders like gait dysfunction. Attending to this problem, some treatments have been developed, including ankle foot orthosis (AFO), knee gaiter and bobath intervention. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of functional task in patients affected by stroke. Material and Methods: Timed up and go (TUG) was the measurement evaluated. A total of 10 stroke patient were recruited for the stud

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Lai, Hung-Jen, Chung-Huang Yu, Hung-Chan Kao, Wen-Chuan Chen, Chi-Wei Chou, and Cheng-Kung Cheng. "Ankle–foot simulator development for testing ankle–foot orthoses." Medical Engineering & Physics 32, no. 6 (2010): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2010.03.008.

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Jones, Carroll P., Michael J. Coughlin, Ramon Pierce-Villadot, et al. "The Validity and Reliability of the Klaue Device." Foot & Ankle International 26, no. 11 (2005): 951–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110070502601110.

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Background: Excessive first ray mobility has been implicated as the cause of many forefoot abnormalities. The association between hypermobility and forefoot pathology is controversial, and this is largely related to the difficulty in quantifying first ray motion. Manual examinations have been shown to be unreliable. Klaue et al. developed a device consisting of a modified ankle-foot orthosis with an attached micrometer to objectively measure first ray mobility. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of this device. Methods: Sixteen fresh-frozen, below-knee amput

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Bolovan, Andrei-Daniel, Roxana-Ramona Onofrei, Gheorghe-Bogdan Hogea, et al. "Comparison between Exercise Program–Foot Orthoses Treatment and Exercise Program Alone after Pilon Fracture Surgery: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial." Life 13, no. 11 (2023): 2187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13112187.

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The management of tibial pilon fractures is challenging and often leads to complications and limitations in ankle function. The study aims to investigate myotonometric parameters and muscle strength of ankle muscles, as well as gait pattern and balance among patients following surgical treatment of pilon fractures. The randomized controlled study will analyze the differences between the patients who will follow a 3-month physical exercise program and will wear customized foot orthoses (i.e., customized orthotic arch support insoles) versus patients who will attend only the physical exercise pr

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Duggal, Naven, Ara Nazarian, Michael Nasr, et al. "The Effect of Orthotics on Ankle and Subtalar Joint Orientation and Load Distribution Utilizing a Novel System to Simulate Weight Bearing in a Cadaveric Model." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 2, no. 3 (2017): 2473011417S0001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011417s000163.

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Category: Ankle, Basic Sciences/Biologics, Hindfoot, Biomechanics Introduction/Purpose: Orthotics are commonly prescribed by orthopaedic surgeons to address the hindfoot and midfoot deformity resulting from posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. The public however will often purchase over the counter orthotics for generalized complaints of foot pain that is not associated with any significant deformity or foot pathology. The mechanical axis of the lower limb may be altered in patients who use orthotics despite a normal foot alignment. We hypothesize that patients with normal alignment who use or

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Cappa, Paolo, Fabrizio Patanè, and Giuseppe Di Rosa. "A Continuous Loading Apparatus for Measuring Three-dimensional Stiffness of Ankle-Foot Orthoses." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 127, no. 6 (2005): 1025–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2049313.

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This paper describes a novel device to evaluate the mechanical properties of ankle foot orthoses (AFOs). The apparatus permits the application to AFOs of continuous three-dimensional (3D) movements between specified and settable endpoints. Using an x-y robot with a rotary stage and a six-component load cell, characteristic displacement versus reaction force curves can be generated and consequently the ankle moments can be determined as a function of dorsi/plantar flexion, inv/eversion and int/external rotation. Representative curves for two polypropylene lateral leaf AFOs, different in shape b

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Raj, Ratnesh, Amit Rai Dixit, Krzysztof Łukaszewski, et al. "Numerical and Experimental Mechanical Analysis of Additively Manufactured Ankle–Foot Orthoses." Materials 15, no. 17 (2022): 6130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15176130.

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Growing age and different conditions often require the replacement of orthoses, and FDM-based 3D printing can produce them quickly with less investment. In today’s market for orthotics, these characteristics are highly desired. Therefore, this study is fully focused on the optimization and strength analysis of FDM 3D-printed ankle–foot orthoses (AFO) fabricated using PLA and PLA reinforced with carbon fiber (PLA-C). An increase in ankle plantar-flexor force can be achieved by reinforcing thermoplastic AFOs with CFs. Specially designed mechanical strength tests were conducted at the UTM to gene

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Tang, Yunqi, Peiyao Liang, Jingwen Pan, et al. "Effects of Ankle Orthoses, Taping, and Insoles on Postural Stability of Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability: A Systematic Review." Healthcare 11, no. 18 (2023): 2570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11182570.

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Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a prevalent condition characterized by recurring instances of the ankle giving way and persistent symptoms, including pain and diminished function. Foot and ankle external supports are commonly used in clinical practice and research for treating CAI. This systematic review aimed to assess the effects of foot and ankle external supports on the postural stability of individuals with CAI to guide clinical practice and inform future research. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases from 1 January 2012 t

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Fernández, Maria Luz González, Rosario Morales Lozano, Carmen Martínez Rincón, and David Martínez Hernández. "Personalized Orthoses as a Good Treatment Option for Charcot Neuro-osteoarthropathy of the Foot." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 104, no. 4 (2014): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0003-0538-104.4.375.

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Background We sought to assess the biomechanical characteristics of the feet of patients with Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy and to determine reulceration rates before and after personalized conservative orthotic treatment. Methods A longitudinal prospective study was performed in 35 patients with Charcot's foot. Although some patients had a history of ulcers, at the study outset no patient had ulcers. All of the patients underwent biomechanical testing and a radiographic study. A radiophotopodogram was prepared by superimposing an imprint of the sole on a plantar radiograph. Based on the resu

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Caravaggi, Paolo, Alessandro Zomparelli, Giulia Rogati, et al. "Development of a Novel Passive-Dynamic Custom AFO for Drop-Foot Patients: Design Principles, Manufacturing Technique, Mechanical Properties Characterization and Functional Evaluation." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (2022): 4721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094721.

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Ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) are medical devices prescribed to support the foot and ankle of drop-foot patients. Passive-dynamic AFOs (PD-AFOs) are an effective solution for less severe cases. While off-the-shelf PD-AFOs are rather inexpensive, they provide poor anatomical fit and do not account for the required patient-specific biomechanical support. Three-dimensional (3D) scanning and manufacturing technologies allow manufacturing PD-AFOs customized for the patient’s anatomy and functional needs. This paper aimed to report the overall procedure for designing and manufacturing a novel, fibergla

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Polliack, Adrian A., Christopher Swanson, Samuel E. Landsberger, and Donald R. McNeal. "Development of a Testing Apparatus for Structural Stiffness Evaluation of Ankle-Foot Orthoses." JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics 13, no. 3 (2001): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008526-200109000-00012.

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Khalaf, Najlaa J., Sabrine Ben Amor, Borhen Louhichi, Jumaa S. Chiad, and Abdennour Seibi. "Experimental Investigation to Optimize the Manufacturing Parameters of Ankle–Foot Orthoses Using Composite and Titanium Nanoparticles." Journal of Composites Science 8, no. 2 (2024): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs8020045.

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The optimum structural characteristics of lamination materials used in the fabrication of prosthetic and orthotic parts were investigated in this work. Optimization was chosen based on high yields, ultimate stresses, and bending stress properties. The ideal materials were determined through the use of an RSM (response surface methodology) which considers three factors: Perlon reinforcement, a layer of glass fiber, and the percentage of titanium nanoparticles combined with the matrix laminating resin. The RSM approach suggests thirteen samples by manipulating two variables: the Ti nano percenta

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Mays, Ryan J., Ashley A. Mays, and Ryan L. Mizner. "Efficacy of ankle-foot orthoses on walking ability in peripheral artery disease." Vascular Medicine 24, no. 4 (2019): 324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1358863x19831765.

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Calf claudication is a significant cause of walking limitation for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Ankle-foot orthoses (AFO) are leg devices that can reduce the physical demands on the calf muscles during ambulation. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of AFO on walking ability in patients with PAD. This was an open-label, interventional trial including 15 patients with calf claudication who were fit with AFO. Patients completed graded treadmill testing, followed by 12 weeks of unstructured community-based walking using the AFO ad libitum. Comparison of peak

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Geambașu, Adina, Cosmin Marin, and Remus Relu Glogojeanu. "The Importance of Rebalancing Foot Biomechanics by Computerized Podoscopic Assessment - Study in Charcot Marie Tooth Syndroms." Internal Medicine 20, no. 3 (2023): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/inmed-2023-0258.

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Abstract Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) is one of the hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies, a group of varied inherited disorders of the peripheral nervous system characterized by progressive loss of muscle tissue and touch sensation across various parts of the body. Currently incurable, this disease is the most commonly inherited neurological disorder, and affects about one in 2,500 people. A CMT diagnosis involves clinical evaluation of muscle function and atrophy, testing of sensory responses, and electromyography and nerve conduction studies. Often, the most important goal for pati

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Lin, Kuang-Wei, Chia-Jung Hu, Wen-Wen Yang, et al. "Biomechanical Evaluation and Strength Test of 3D-Printed Foot Orthoses." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2019 (December 7, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4989534.

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Foot orthoses (FOs) are commonly used as interventions for individuals with flatfoot. Advances in technologies such as three-dimensional (3D) scanning and 3D printing have facilitated the fabrication of custom FOs. However, few studies have been conducted on the mechanical properties and biomechanical effects of 3D-printed FOs. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the mechanical properties of 3D-printed FOs and determine their biomechanical effects in individuals with flexible flatfoot. During mechanical testing, a total of 18 FO samples with three orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°) were f

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Anggoro, P. W., M. Tauviqirrahman, J. Jamari, A. P. Bayuseno, J. Wibowo, and Y. D. Saputro. "Optimal Design and Fabrication of Shoe Lasts for Ankle Foot Orthotics for Patients With Diabetes." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 2 (2019): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2019040104.

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Patients with diabetes often desperately need ankle foot orthotics (AFO) to perform daily activities. In Indonesia, experienced shoemakers employ manual procedures and follow the prescriptions given by a doctor or orthopaedic technician. This process remains traditional in that each pair of AFO is handmade, not precise, and is time consuming. This article describes the development of the design process and fabrication of a new AFO product for patients with diabetes based on a computer aided reverse engineering system (CARESystem). The reverse innovative design approach method discussed in this

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Glasoe, Ward M., and Thomas C. Michaud. "Measurement of Dorsal First Ray Mobility: A Topical Historical Review and Commentary." Foot & Ankle International 40, no. 5 (2019): 603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100719839692.

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Despite evidence that instability of the first ray (first metatarsal and medial cuneiform) alters the loading mechanics of the foot, surprisingly few studies have linked the condition with disorders of the foot. A factor limiting this research is the difficulty associated with measuring first ray mobility (FRM). To quantify dorsal FRM, clinicians and researchers have devised a variety of methods that impose a dorsally directed load, and record displacement. The methods include manual examination, radiographs, mechanical devices, and handheld rulers. Since different methods yield different resu

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Martínez-Jiménez, Bengoa-Vallejo, Losa-Iglesias, et al. "Sex Differences in the Footprint Analysis During the Entire Gait Cycle in a Functional Equinus Condition: Novel Cross Sectional Research." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17 (2019): 3611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173611.

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Some studies suggest that gender is related to gait. Females show significantly higher ankle motion and vertical ground reaction forces. Males have significantly larger plantar contact surface areas in all regions of the foot than females in most, but not all, prior studies. However, there is no research on sex differences in a functional equinus condition. In this study, 119 individuals, including 59 females (29.7 ± 5.15 years, 58.74 ± 6.66 kg, 163.65 ± 5.58 cm) and 60 males (31.22 ± 6.06 years, 75.67 ± 9.81 kg, 177.10 ± 6.16 cm), with a functional equinus condition walked onto a pressure pla

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Nazmi, Nurhazimah, Mohd Azizi Abdul Rahman, Saiful Amri Mazlan, et al. "Analysis of EMG Signals during Stance and Swing Phases for Controlling Magnetorheological Brake applications." Open Engineering 11, no. 1 (2020): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0009.

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AbstractThe development of ankle foot orthoses (AFO) for lower limb rehabilitation have received significant attention over the past decades. Recently, passive AFO equipped with magnetorheological brake had been developed based on ankle angle and electromyography (EMG) signals. Nonetheless, the EMG signals were categorized in stance and swing phases through visual observation as the signals are stochastic. Therefore, this study aims to classify the pattern of EMG signals during stance and swing phases. Seven-time domains features will be extracted and fed into artificial neural network (ANN) a

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Mohanty, Chidatmika, Madhusmita Lakra, and Rashmita Dash. "Mobile Sitting and Standing Corpus for Myelomeningocele - A Case Study." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 15, no. 1 (2025): 251–56. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20250133.

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Introduction: Myelomeningocele is a neural tube defect and a major birth defect. It is an embryological abnormality that results in a myriad of complex neuromuscular problems. Children with spina bifida can be classified according to the level of neurological involvement or functional impairment. The incidence of myelomeningocele is slightly higher in females than males, at a ratio of 1.3:1. Musculoskeletal deformity and sensory deficits are common and, depending on the level of involvement, can adversely affect the child’s abilities and functioning in the community. Because of the complexity

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McKeon, Patrick O., Alex J. Stein, Christopher D. Ingersoll, and Jay Hertel. "Altered Plantar-Receptor Stimulation Impairs Postural Control in Those With Chronic Ankle Instability." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 21, no. 1 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.21.1.1.

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Context:Postural control as assessed via time-to-boundary (TTB) measures has been shown to be impaired in those with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Foot orthotics have been shown to improve postural control, although it is not clear if this is via mechanical or sensorimotor mechanisms.Objective:To assess the effect of textured shoe inserts that provide no mechanical support on postural control as assessed by TTB measures in subjects with CAI.Design:A crossover design to examine the effects of a textured insole on postural control in individuals with unilateral CAI. The independent variables

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Ustinova, Ksenia I., and Joseph E. Langenderfer. "The NewGait Rehabilitative Device Corrects Gait Deviations in Individuals With Foot Drop." Rehabilitation Research and Practice 2024, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/2751643.

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The purpose of this quasiexperimental study was to test the effects of wearing the NewGait rehabilitative device on walking abilities in individuals with foot drop. The study involved 16 participants with foot drops caused by stroke (11 participants), multiple sclerosis (one participant), and peripheral neuropathies (four individuals). During a single testing session, participants walked 12 m at their self‐selected speed in four experimental conditions: walking without any orthotic device; walking while wearing a regular plastic posterior leaf ankle foot orthosis (AFO); walking with the NewGai

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Wach, Amanda, Linda McGrady, Mei Wang, and Barbara Silver-Thorn. "Assessment of Mechanical Characteristics of Ankle-Foot Orthoses." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 140, no. 7 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4039816.

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Recent designs of ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) have been influenced by the increasing demand for higher function from active individuals. The biomechanical function of the individual and device is dependent upon the underlying mechanical characteristics of the AFO. Prior mechanical testing of AFOs has primarily focused on rotational stiffness to provide insight into expected functional outcomes; mechanical characteristics pertaining to energy storage and release have not yet been investigated. A pseudostatic bench testing method is introduced to characterize compressive stiffness, device deflect

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Nigro, Luke, and Elisa Arch. "Design And Mechanical Testing Of A Novel Dual-Stiffness Ankle-Foot Orthosis." Journal of Medical Devices, June 29, 2023, 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4062864.

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Abstract This study details the concept, design, and mechanical testing results of a novel dual-stiffness ankle-foot orthosis (DS-AFO). The DS-AFO utilizes two separate stiffness elements (rear struts) to yield an AFO with low stiffness properties about the ankle in the sagittal plane at small dorsiflexion angles, and higher stiffness at larger dorsiflexion angles. The motivation behind This DS-AFO follow from the existence of similar moment-angle (stiffness) properties of the healthy human ankle during walking, referred to as dual-stiffness natural ankle quasi-stiffness (DS-NAS). Crucial to t

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Li, Wentao, Natalie Baddour, and Edward Lemaire. "A NOVEL QUICK RELEASE MECHANISM FOR ANKLE FOOT ORTHOSIS STRUTS." CANADIAN PROSTHETICS & ORTHOTICS JOURNAL 5, no. 2 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v5i2.38802.

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BACKGROUND: A posterior dynamic element ankle-foot orthosis (PDEAFO) uses a stiff carbon fibre strut to store and release energy during various mobility tasks, with the strut securely attached to the foot and shank-cuff sections. A design that allows the user to swap struts for specific activities could improve mobility by varying PDEAFO stiffness, but current approaches where bolts securely connect the strut to the orthosis make quick strut swapping time-consuming and impractical. OBJECTIVES: Design a novel quick release AFO (QRAFO) that can enable daily living strut-swapping and thereby enab

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Schmalz, Thomas, Sophia Rauch, Heiko Drewitz, Malte Bellmann, and Andreas Kannenberg. "The Use of Reactive-Dynamic Orthotic Ankle Joints in Different Types of KAFOs: Results of Biomechanical Tests and Patient Evaluations." JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics, February 28, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1097/jpo.0000000000000556.

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ABSTRACT Introduction For patients with a complex lower-limb muscle weakness including the knee and/or hip extensors, a knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO), available with different knee mechanisms, is required to guarantee safety while providing the highest possible degree of functionality. For planning the configuration of a KAFO, the orthotic ankle joint appears to be a secondary consideration. An advanced generation of orthotic ankle joints (reactive-dynamic ankle [RDA]) enables, compared with conventional components (CAJ), increased range of motion with adjustable motion resistances. However,

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Shuman, Benjamin R., Deema Totah, Deanna H. Gates, Fan Gao, Andrew J. Ries, and Elizabeth Russell Esposito. "Comparison of five different methodologies for evaluating ankle–foot orthosis stiffness." Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 20, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-023-01126-7.

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Abstract Background The mechanical properties of an ankle–foot orthosis (AFO) play an important role in the gait mechanics of the end user. However, testing methodologies for evaluating these mechanical properties are not standardized. The purpose of this study was to compare five different evaluation frameworks to assess AFO stiffness. Method The same 13 carbon composite AFOs were tested with five different methods. Four previously reported custom test fixtures (the BRUCE, KST, SMApp, and EMPIRE) rotated an AFO into dorsiflexion about a defined axis in the sagittal plane. The fifth method inv

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