Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ankle – Mechanical properties

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ankle – Mechanical properties'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ankle – Mechanical properties"

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Sinkjær, Thomas, Nikolai Gantchev, and Lars Arendt-Nielsen. "Mechanical properties of human ankle extensors after muscle potentiation." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Evoked Potentials Section 85, no. 6 (1992): 412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-5597(92)90055-g.

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Martelli, Taborri, Del Prete, Palermo, and Rossi. "Quantifying Age-Related Differences of Ankle Mechanical Properties Using a Robotic Device." Robotics 8, no. 4 (2019): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics8040096.

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A deep analysis of ankle mechanical properties is a fundamental step in the design of an exoskeleton, especially if it is to be suitable for both adults and children. This study aims at assessing age-related differences of ankle properties using pediAnklebot. To achieve this aim, we enrolled 16 young adults and 10 children in an experimental protocol that consisted of the evaluation of ankle mechanical impedance and kinematic performance. Ankle impedance was measured by imposing stochastic torque perturbations in dorsi-plantarflexion and inversion-eversion directions. Kinematic performance was
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Becerra, J. G. Flores, N. López Perrusquia, M. A. Doñu Ruiz, A. López Perrusquia, and J. V. Cortes Suarez. "Study of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Ankle Prosthesis Removing." MRS Proceedings 1766 (2015): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.408.

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ABSTRACTThis work studies the change microstructural and mechanical properties of an ankle prosthetic material 316LVM stainless steel, retired from a 36 year old patient. The medical grade 316LVM stainless steel was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), hardness Rockwell C (HRC) and nanoindentation tests. The results showed that the ankle prosthesis has different microstructural change along the implant and presence of corrosion pits with inclusions, the mechanical properties like modulus elasticity and hardness decrease.
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Sheehan, Conor, and Elaine Figgins. "A comparison of mechanical properties between different percentage layups of a single-style carbon fibre ankle foot orthosis." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 41, no. 4 (2016): 364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364616652015.

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Background:Currently, a range of ‘off-the-shelf’ ankle foot orthoses are used in clinical practice, of various functions and designs. Their use relates to immediate control over mild conditions.Objectives:To investigate the properties of carbon fibre ankle foot orthoses at different percentage layups and provide a comparison of these through assessment of the (1) elastic properties, (2) deflection about the ankle (including the calculation of stiffness) and (3) failure under compressive forces (dorsiflexion).Study design:Experimental, bench test.Methods:Literature was reviewed to derive a suit
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Wang, Ruoli, Shiyang Yan, Marius Schlippe, et al. "Passive Mechanical Properties of Human Medial Gastrocnemius and Soleus Musculotendinous Unit." BioMed Research International 2021 (February 9, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8899699.

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The in vivo characterization of the passive mechanical properties of the human triceps surae musculotendinous unit is important for gaining a deeper understanding of the interactive responses of the tendon and muscle tissues to loading during passive stretching. This study sought to quantify a comprehensive set of passive muscle-tendon properties such as slack length, stiffness, and the stress-strain relationship using a combination of ultrasound imaging and a three-dimensional motion capture system in healthy adults. By measuring tendon length, the cross-section areas of the Achilles tendon s
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Ielapi, Alessio, Malcolm Forward, and Matthieu De Beule. "Computational and experimental evaluation of the mechanical properties of ankle foot orthoses: A literature review." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 43, no. 3 (2019): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364618824452.

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Background: Ankle foot orthoses are external medical devices applied around the ankle joint area to provide stability to patients with neurological, muscular, and/or anatomical disabilities, with the aim of restoring a more natural gait pattern. Study design: This is a literature review. Objectives: To provide a description of the experimental and computational methods present in the current literature for evaluating the mechanical properties of the ankle foot orthoses. Methods: Different electronic databases were used for searching English-language articles realized from 1990 onward in order
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Siegler, Sorin, John Block, and Carson D. Schneck. "The Mechanical Characteristics of the Collateral Ligaments of the Human Ankle Joint." Foot & Ankle 8, no. 5 (1988): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110078800800502.

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In the present study, the tensile mechanical properties of all of the collateral ligaments of the human ankle joint were determined, in vitro, from tensile tests conducted on 120 ligaments obtained from 20 fresh lower limbs. The ultimate load of the lateral collateral ligaments increased in an anteroposterior sequence, with the anterior fibulotalar ligament less than the fibulocalcaneal ligament and less than the posterior fibulotalar ligament. For the medial collateral ligaments, the increasing order of ultimate load was found to be tibiocalcaneal ligament, tibionavicular ligament, tibiosprin
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Jeryo, Abbas H., Jumaa S. Chiad, and Wajdi S. Abbod. "Boosting Mechanical Properties of Orthoses - Foot Ankle by Adding Carbon Nanotube Particles." Materials Science Forum 1039 (July 20, 2021): 518–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1039.518.

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In this process, optimum laminating properties were used in producing prosthesis and orthoses were researched and selected based on high yield, ultimate stresses, stresses of bending and fatigue properties. The process of the optimal selection is the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), which has been used to reach two parameters: reinforcement perlon fiber and percent of multi-strand carbon MWCNT nanotube combined with the matrix resin. The response surface methodology is a combination of mathematician and statistic techniques which are used for experimental model building and analysis of prob
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Kovaleski, John E., Robert J. Heitman, Larry R. Gurchiek, J. M. Hollis, Wei Liu, and Albert W. Pearsall IV. "Joint Stability Characteristics of the Ankle Complex After Lateral Ligamentous Injury, Part I: A Laboratory Comparison Using Arthrometric Measurement." Journal of Athletic Training 49, no. 2 (2014): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.2.07.

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Context: The mechanical property of stiffness may be important to investigating how lateral ankle ligament injury affects the behavior of the viscoelastic properties of the ankle complex. A better understanding of injury effects on tissue elastic characteristics in relation to joint laxity could be obtained from cadaveric study. Objective: To biomechanically determine the laxity and stiffness characteristics of the cadaver ankle complex before and after simulated injury to the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) during anterior drawer and inversion loading.
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Kobayashi, Toshiki, Fan Gao, Nicholas LeCursi, K. Bo Foreman, and Michael S. Orendurff. "Effect of Shoes on Stiffness and Energy Efficiency of Ankle-Foot Orthosis: Bench Testing Analysis." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 33, no. 6 (2017): 460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2016-0309.

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Understanding the mechanical properties of ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) is important to maximize their benefit for those with movement disorders during gait. Though mechanical properties such as stiffness and/or energy efficiency of AFOs have been extensively studied, it remains unknown how and to what extent shoes influence their properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of shoes on stiffness and energy efficiency of an AFO using a custom mechanical testing device. Stiffness and energy efficiency of the AFO were measured in the plantar flexion and dorsiflexion range, respe
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ankle – Mechanical properties"

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Dewan, Curt. "Biomechanics of the foot and ankle during ice hockey skating." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81326.

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This study describes the biomechanics of the foot and ankle during the transitional and steady state skating strides using kinematic, kinetic, and myoelectric measures. A data set for five collegiate hockey players was completed (mean +/- SD: age = 21.8 +/- 1.9 years, height = 1.81 +/- 0.05 m, mass = 83.3 +/- 8.0 kg). Three acceleration strides and a constant velocity stride were examined on ice. An electrogoniometer at the ankle was used to measure angular displacement and velocity values. Myoelectric activation patterns were measured at the vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, peroneus
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Toy, Jason Robert Siegler Sorin. "Subject specific models of the hindfoot reveal a relationship between morphology and passive mechanical properties /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3183.

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Chinworth, Susan A. (Susan Annette). "Ground Reaction Forces and Ankle and Knee Moments During Rope Skipping." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501047/.

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Ground reaction force (GRF) data collected and synchronized with film data to determine peak GRF and calculate moments about ankle and knee during rope skipping. Two, five minute conditions were analyzed for 10 subjects. Condition 1 was set rate and style. Condition 2 was subjects' own rate and style. Means and standard deviations were reported for peak GRF, ankle and knee moments. One way ANOVAs reported no significant difference between conditions for variables measured. Efficiency and nature of well phased impacts during rope skipping may be determined by combination of GRF, similarities i
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Clanton, Tameka A. "Prophylactic ankle stabilizers and their effect on lower extremity landing mechanics during drop jump landings to fatigue." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/644.

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Botha, Jan. "The development of a device for the investigation of dorsiflexion range of the ankle with a capacity to measure pathology, recovery and pharmacological benefit." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2086.

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Thesis (MScEng (Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.<br>Various ways exist whereby balance abilities of the individual can be assessed. However, most of these are subjective methods. This thesis strives to demonstrate the effectiveness of a new device, the Dorsiflexometer that can be used to objectively assess one’s balance abilities. The Dorsiflexometer was constructed and mathematically modelled using appropriate simplifying assumptions. After its construction, the Dorsiflexometer was tested using two experimental set-ups to obtain raw data. Both
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Skoss, Ann Rachel Locke. "Stabilisation of the human ankle joint in varying degrees of freedom : investigation of neuromuscular mechanisms." University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2002. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0021.

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Previous research investigating the stability of the ankle joint complex may be categorised into two methodological groups, employing either an actuator to perturb the limb, or a form of standing balance disturbance such as a tilting platform, both of which test the joint in single degree of freedom (DOF). The aim of this thesis was to investigate how we control foot position and stabilise the joint when there is potential for movement in three DOF. A secondary aim of the thesis was to model the intrinsic mechanical properties of the ankle joint complex in three dimensions when coupled movemen
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Ludcke, Justin A. "Modelling of inflatable rescue boats (IRBs) in surf conditions to reduce injuries." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001.

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The Inflatable Rescue Boat (IRB) is arguably the most effective rescue tool used by the Australian surf lifesavers. The exceptional features of high mobility and rapid response have enabled it to become an icon on Australia's popular beaches. However, the IRB's extensive use within an environment that is as rugged as it is spectacular, has led it to become a danger to those who risk their lives to save others. Epidemiological research revealed lower limb injuries to be predominant, particularly the right leg. The common types of injuries were fractures and dislocations, as well as muscle or
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Tognella, Frederic. "Développement de méthodes pour la quantification de l'évolution des propriétés mécaniques des muscles humains en microgravité." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD679.

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L'atrophie fonctionnelle des muscles humains lors des séjours en microgravité, pose le double problème de sa compréhension, de sa prévention. Les muscles des membres inferieurs, surtout sur le triceps sural, du fait de sa fonction posturale, sont atteints. Les contre-mesures actuelles ne se sont pas pleinement efficaces. Les connaissances les plus précises sont acquises sur le rat ou l'on constate que l'atrophie, s'accompagne de modifications des propriétés contractiles et viscoélastiques. On se propose donc de mettre en place des protocoles non-invasifs d'étude sur les muscles de la cheville
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Wang, Jing. "Measurement of the mechanical properties of angle ply laminates." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0018/NQ53664.pdf.

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Bawcombe, Jonathan. "A study of Douglas-fir anatomical and mechanical properties and their interactions." Thesis, University of Bath, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558893.

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Low embodied energy, ability to act as a carbon store and ease of recycling gives forest products an important role within a low carbon built environment. Almost 25 % of the coniferous resource within the South West of England is Douglas-fir, a species reputed for producing high quality timber. Despite this, the region is facing challenges in delivering the resources full potential, a contributing factor to which is a loss of knowledge regarding its quality. The aim of the work presented is to gain an improved understanding of the quality of Douglas-fir grown within the region, from the perspe
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Books on the topic "Ankle – Mechanical properties"

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Robert, Donatelli, ed. The Biomechanics of the foot and ankle. F.A. Davis Co., 1990.

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Robert, Donatelli, ed. The Biomechanics of the foot and ankle. 2nd ed. Davis, 1996.

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Foot and ankle pain. 3rd ed. Davis, 1997.

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Verrill, S. P. JMFA--a graphically interactive java program that fits microfibril angle x-ray diffraction data. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2001.

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Verrill, S. P. JMFA--a graphically interactive java program that fits microfibril angle x-ray diffraction data. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2001.

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Verrill, S. P. JMFA 2--a graphically interactive Java program that fits microfibril angle x-ray diffraction data. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2006.

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Verrill, S. P. JMFA 2--a graphically interactive Java program that fits microfibril angle x-ray diffraction data. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2006.

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Pechthalt, Tony. Comparison of three methods of ankle stabilization. 1993.

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Robert, Donatelli, ed. The biomechanics of the foot and ankle. 2nd ed. F.A. Davis, 1995.

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Wang, Jing. Measurement of the mechanical properties of angle ply laminates. 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ankle – Mechanical properties"

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Wang, Yi-Ta, and Yi-Ting Yeh. "Effect of Print Angle on Mechanical Properties of FDM 3D Structures Printed with POM Material." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1771-1_20.

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Kuetemeier, Dennis, and Amsini Sadiki. "Modeling and Simulation of a Turbulent Multi-component Two-phase Flow Involving Phase Change Processes Under Supercritical Conditions." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09008-0_10.

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AbstractThe present paper aims at developing a generally valid, consistent numerical description of a turbulent multi-component two-phase flow that experiences processes that may occur under both subcritical and trans-critical or supercritical operating conditions. Within an appropriate LES methodology, focus is put on an Euler-Eulerian method that includes multi-component mixture properties along with phase change process. Thereby, the two-phase flow fluid is considered as multi-component mixtures in which the real fluid properties are accounted for by a composite Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state (EoS), so that each phase is governed by its own PR EoS. The suggested numerical modelling approach is validated while simulating the disintegration of an elliptic jet of supercritical fluoroketone injected into a helium environment. Qualitative and quantitative analyses are carried out. The results show significant coupled effect of the turbulence and the thermodynamic on the jet disintegration along with the mixing processes. Especially, comparisons between the numerical predictions and available experimental data provided in terms of penetration length, fluoroketone density, and jet spreading angle outline good agreements that attest the performance of the proposed model at elevated pressures and temperatures. Further aspects of transcritical jet flow case as well as comparison with an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach which is extended to integrate the arising effects of vanishing surface tension in evolving sprays are left for future work.
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Kumar, Gaurav, Varun Sharma, Rakesh Kumar, Ankit Thakur, Navdeep Minhas, and Om Prakash Verma. "Effect of Tool Tilt Angle on the Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Aluminium Alloy 6061-T6 Welded by Friction Stir Welding Process." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9236-9_20.

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Banga, Harish Kumar, Parveen Kalra, R. M. Belokar, and Rajesh Kumar. "Additively Manufactured Orthotics." In Additive Manufacturing in Biomedical Applications. ASM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v23a.a0006897.

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Abstract An ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) is a support designed to regulate the ankle's position and mobility, compensate for weakness, or rectify abnormalities. This article focuses on the biomechanical affects and mechanical properties of custom-made 3D-printed AFOs and compares them to traditionally created AFOs. Investigations in the fields of 3D scanning, 3D printing, and computer-aided design and analysis for the production of custom-made AFOs are also covered.
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Meselhy, Adil Abd Elsamia. "Raising the Efficiency of Seohen's Model to Predict Soil Resistance Faced by Chisel Plow." In Precision Agriculture Technologies for Food Security and Sustainability. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5000-7.ch011.

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This research was carried out to study the effect of crop factor, which is represented in some plant roots of crops residues (broad bean and wheat) on soil mechanical properties (cohesion strength, C, and internal friction angle, Φ), and thus, the effect of these roots on the power requirements of chisel plow to face the soil resistance was studied. Soil mechanical properties and power requirements of chisel plow (7 blades) were measured in the field directly at various soil depths of (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 m) with and without roots at constant tractor forward speed of about 4 km/h. Moisture content of the soil, broad bean roots, and wheat roots were 21%, 16%, and 14%, respectively, The results showed that the effect of roots of previous crops residues had a significant effect on the soil mechanical properties and power requirements for chisel plow when using the crop factor, which is represented in characteristic of crop residual roots in terms of root mean diameter.
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Saddem, Mourad, Ahmed Koubaa, and Bernard Riedl. "Properties of High-Density Polyethylene-Polypropylene Wood Composites." In Biocomposites. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101282.

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We investigated the effects of polymer blend variation on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of wood-polymer composites (WPC). We used high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) and a combination of 80% PP, 20% HDPE, and 80% HDPE, 20% PP as polymer blends for WPC formulations to simulate recycled plastics. We used black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.) hammer milled fibers (75–250 μm) at 35 wt% as a filler for all the formulations. A two-step process was used for WPC manufacturing; pellet extrusion followed by test samples injection. Tensile and three bending tests characterized the WPC mechanical properties. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) characterized the WPCs’ thermal properties. Water absorption and contact angle measurements assessed the composite dimensional stability. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electron scanning microscopy (SEM) investigated the WPCs’ surface chemistry and microstructure. Mechanical properties and dimensional stability varied according to polymer composition, with better performance for WPC containing higher PP proportions. Thermal properties varied with the polymer composition in the WPC, with better thermal stability for the formulation containing higher HDPE proportions. Surface chemistry analysis did not reveal any chemical changes on the WPCs surface. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed distinct phases in all WPCs without evidence of interfacial adhesion.
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Manjunath Naik, Gajanan, Sachin Bandadka, Manjaiah Mallaiah, Ravindra Ishwar Badiger, and Narendranath Sannayellappa. "Effect of ECAE Die Angle on Microstructure Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of AZ80/91 Magnesium Alloys." In Magnesium Alloys [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94150.

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Magnesium alloys have poor tensile strength, ductility and corrosion resistance properties associated with other engineering materials like aluminum alloys, steels and superalloys etc. Therefore, many researchers worked on equal channel angular pressing of magnesium alloys to improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In this work, the effect of channel angles on material properties was investigated during equal channel angular pressing of AZ80/91 magnesium alloy using processing route-R at 598 K processing temperature. Channel angles of 900 and 1100, common corner angle of 300 have been considered for the study. It has been revealed that the channel angle has a significant influence on deformation homogeneity, microhardness, ultimate tensile strength, ductility, and corrosion behavior of AZ80/91 magnesium alloys. Specifically, AZ80/91 Mg alloys processed through 900 channel angle i.e. die A is considered as optimal die parameter to improve above-said material properties. Investigation showing concerning as-received AZ80 and AZ91 Mg alloy indicates 11%, 14% improvement of UTS and 69%, 59% enhancement in ductility after processing through 4P through die A (90°) at 598 K respectively. Also, the corrosion rate reduces to 97% and 99% after processing the sample with 4P-ECAP die A (90°) at the same processing temperature for AZ80 and AZ91 Mg alloys respectively. This is mainly due to grain refinement and distribution of Mg17Al12 secondary phase during ECAP.
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Sambasiva Rao, Mukkollu, and Amitesh Kumar. "Slope Casting Process: A Review." In Casting Processes [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102742.

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Semi solid processing is a near net shape casting process and one of the promising techniques to obtain dendritic free structure of metals. Semi solid casting gives numerous advantages than solid processing and liquid processing. Semi solid casting process gives, Laminar flow filling of die without turbulence, Lower metal temperature, Less shrinkage, Less porosity, Higher mechanical properties. Semi solid casting process is industrially successful, producing a variety of products with good quality. Slope Casting process is a simple technique to produce semi solid feed-stoke with globular microstructure and dendrite free structure castings. Slope casting process depends on different process parameters like slope length, slope angle, pouring temperature etc. The present study mainly focuses on review of various explorations made by researchers with different process parameters of the Slope casting process and explain the mechanisms that lead to microstructural changes which leads to good mechanical properties.
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Thilagham, K. T., and S. Muthukumaran. "Center Stir Zone Investigations of Dissimilar AA6082, AA2014 and AA7075 Welds." In Welding Principles and Application [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102652.

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The study compares the mechanical and metallurgical properties of AA6082, AA2014, and AA7075 dissimilar friction stir welded aluminum 6 mm plates. The alloys AA2014 and AA7075 are aerospace grade, whereas AA6082 is structural grade. The AA6082/AA7075, AA6082/AA2014, and AA2014/AA7075 joints were formed with optimized parameters of 2° tilt angle, 900 rpm rotational speed, and 80 mm/min feed rate with a constant axial force of 20 kN. Then, to investigate the stir zone properties of the joints, the tensile strength, microstructural, and hardness variations across the weld were revealed. Despite the fact that the strength of each joint was varied, the fine grain in the stir zone across the weld and advancing side weld/HAZ failure in tensile failure were studied for all welds. Further EBSD analysis revealed fine grains for the formation of its center stir zone due to dynamic recovery recrystallization during welding.
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Han, Chang Dae. "Rheology of Block Copolymers." In Rheology and Processing of Polymeric Materials: Volume 1: Polymer Rheology. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195187823.003.0014.

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Block copolymer consists of two or more long blocks with dissimilar chemical structures which are chemically connected. There are different architectures of block copolymers, namely, AB-type diblock, ABA-type triblock, ABC-type triblock, and AmBn radial or star-shaped block copolymers, as shown schematically in Figure 8.1. The majority of block copolymers has long been synthesized by sequential anionic polymerization, which gives rise to narrow molecular weight distribution, although other synthesis methods (e.g., cationic polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization) have also been developed in the more recent past. Owing to immiscibility between the constituent blocks, block copolymers above a certain threshold molecular weight form microdomains (10–50 nm in size), the structure of which depends primarily on block composition (or block length ratio). The presence of microdomains confers unique mechanical properties to block copolymers. There are many papers that have dealt with the synthesis and physical/mechanical properties of block copolymers, too many to cite them all here. There are monographs describing the synthesis and physical properties of block copolymers (Aggarwal 1970; Burke and Weiss 1973; Hamley 1998; Holden et al. 1996; Hsieh and Quirk 1996; Noshay and McGrath 1977). Figure 8.2 shows schematically four types of equilibrium microdomain structures observed in block copolymers. Referring to Figure 8.2, it is well established (Helfand and Wasserman 1982; Leibler 1980) that in microphase-separated block copolymers, spherical microdomains are observed when the volume fraction f of one of the blocks is less than approximately 0.15, hexagonally packed cylindrical microdomains are observed when the value of f is between approximately 0.15 and 0.44, and lamellar microdomains are observed when the value of f is between approximately 0.44 and 0.50. Some investigators have observed ordered bicontinuous double-diamonds (OBDD) (Thomas et al. 1986; Hasegawa et al. 1987) or bicontinuous gyroids (Hajduk et al. 1994) at a very narrow range of f (say, between approximately 0.35 and 0.40) for certain block copolymers. Figure 8.2 shows only one half of the symmetricity about f = 0.5. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) have long been used to investigate the types of microdomain structures in block copolymers.
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Conference papers on the topic "Ankle – Mechanical properties"

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Ho, Patrick, Hyunglae Lee, Mohammad A. Rastgaar, Hermano Igo Krebs, and Neville Hogan. "Interpretation of the Directional Properties of Voluntarily Modulated Human Ankle Mechanical Impedance." In ASME 2010 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2010-4274.

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This article presents the results of two in-vivo studies providing measurements of human static ankle mechanical impedance. Accurate measurements of ankle impedance when muscles were voluntarily activated were obtained using a therapeutic robot, Anklebot, and an electromyographic recording system. Important features of ankle impedance, and their variation with muscle activity, are discussed, including magnitude, symmetry and directions of minimum and maximum impedance. Voluntary muscle activation has a significant impact on ankle impedance, increasing it by up to a factor of three in our exper
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Tuanjit Na Rungsri and Jirut Meesane. "Hybrid composite material of bombyx silk fiber for Ankle Foot Orthoses: Morphology, physical, and mechanical properties." In 2012 5th Biomedical Engineering International Conference (BMEiCON). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmeicon.2012.6465469.

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Zhou, Qing, Hailing Yu, Marisol B. Medri, and Frank DiMasi. "Finite Element Model of THOR Dummy Lower Leg." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39171.

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THOR is a next generation crash test dummy incorporating additional advanced instrumentation and improved biofidelity than the Hybrid III dummy. This paper describes the development and validation of a finite element model of the lower leg assembly of the THOR 50th percentile male. The lower leg assembly has one translational degree-of-freedom in the axial direction along the tibia, and three rotational degrees-of-freedom in the ankle area with respect to its knee joint. It also includes a representation of the Achilles tendon load path. Modeling approaches used to simulate these features are
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Salman, Muhammad, and M. Hassan Tanveer. "Modeling and Simulation of Achilles Tendon in OpenSim for Verification." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71984.

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Abstract The Achilles tendon is a very important tendon that is vital to an individual’s movement. Once these tendons are torn, they become very difficult to heal. In order to avoid this situation, it is crucial to understand the limitations of the Achilles tendon on the average person. To study the properties of an Achilles tendon, research can be done in many ways, such as data collection of in-vivo specimens. Although this can be done, using an online simulation can result in quicker and more accurate data. One program that can be used to create a simulation of an Achilles tendon is OpenSim
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PARK, YUJIN, YINGJUN ZHAO DUBUC, AMY SLIDER, PINATA H. . SESSOMS, JOHN J. FRASER, and KENNETH J. LOH. "VARIABLE STIFFNESS HONEYCOMB METAMATERIALS FOR ADAPTIVE ANKLE BRACE DESIGN." In Structural Health Monitoring 2021. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2021/36268.

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Lateral ankle sprains cost billions of dollars in medical expenses annually and frequently result in long-term functional decline and a diminished health-related quality of life. While ankle braces have been shown to be effective in prophylaxis of subsequent ankle sprains, current braces are either too stiff and affect normal gait or too flexible and provide insufficient support during high-intensity activities. In this study, we proposed an adaptive ankle brace design that employs dynamically variable stiffness components to provide minimum support under normal gait movements and maximum rigi
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Hollander, Kevin W., Thomas G. Sugar, and Donald E. Herring. "A Robotic “Jack Spring”™ for Ankle Gait Assistance." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84492.

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A Robotic ‘Jack Spring’™ is a new type of mechanical actuator, which is based upon the concept of structure control. A Jack Spring™ mechanism is used to create an adjustable Robotic Tendon, which is a spring based linear actuator in which the properties of a spring are crucial to its successful use in gait assistance. Like its human analog, the adjustable Robotic Tendon uses its inherent elastic nature to reduce both peak power and energy requirements for its motor. In the ideal example, peak power required of the motor for ankle gait is reduced from 250W to just 81 W. In addition, ideal energ
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Su, Yilin, Xuyan Hou, Pingping Xue, Kailiang Zhang, Long Li, and Tao Chen. "Adhesion Mechanism of Space Climbing Robot Feet With Microarray Structure for On-Orbit Servicing." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65816.

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For the on-orbit servicing missions of spacecraft, space robot is considered as one of the most promising approaches. Many on-orbit servicing missions are successfully accomplished and most of these missions are designed to service cooperative targets only. Some of the target is non-cooperative spacecraft with unknown motion and kinematics properties. On-orbit servicing is still a challenging research area. The challenge is to ensure the servicing spacecraft safely and stabilize it for subsequent servicing. In order to expand space robot workspace and its task function, this paper presents a n
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Durfee, William, Saeed Hashemi, and Andrew Ries. "Hydraulic Ankle Foot Orthosis Emulator for Children With Cerebral Palsy." In BATH/ASME 2020 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2020-2791.

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Abstract Objective: Ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) are used by nearly 50% of children with cerebral palsy (CP) to ameliorate gait impairments. The methods used to prescribe and tune the mechanical properties of an AFO, including its angular stiffness about the ankle, are based on the intuition and experience of the practitioner. The long-term goal of this research is to develop and deploy a technology-based solution to prescribing passive AFOs that uses an AFO emulator to be used in the clinic that can, under computer control, vary its stiffness in real-time to determine the best stiffness for wal
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Adamczyk, Peter G., Michelle Roland, and Michael E. Hahn. "Parametric Evaluation of Hindfoot and Forefoot Properties and Their Effect on the Angular Stiffness of Prosthetic Feet." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80839.

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Prosthetic foot stiffness has been recognized as an important factor in optimizing the walking performance of amputees [1–3]. Commercial feet are available in a range of stiffness categories and geometries. The stiffness of linear displacements of the hindfoot and forefoot for several commercially available feet have been reported to be within a range of 27–68 N/mm [4] and 28–76 N/mm [5], respectively, but these values are most relevant only to the earliest and latest portions of stance phase, when linear compression or rebound naturally occur. In contrast, mid-stance kinetics are more related
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Fielding, Rebecca A., Reuben H. Kraft, X. G. Tan, Andrzej J. Przekwas, and Christopher D. Kozuch. "High Rate Impact to the Human Calcaneus: A Micromechanical Analysis." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38930.

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An “underbody blast” (UBB) is the detonation of a mine or improvised explosive device (IED) underneath a vehicle. In recent military conflicts, the incidence of UBBs has led to severe injuries, specifically in the lower extremities The foot and ankle complex, particularly the calcaneus bone, may sustain significant damage. Despite the prevalence of calcaneal injuries, this bone’s unique properties and the progression of fracture and failure have not been adequately studied under high strain rate loading. This research discusses early efforts at creating a high-resolution computational model of
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Reports on the topic "Ankle – Mechanical properties"

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Comparison of mechanical behavior between longitudinal lap-welded joints and transverse fillet welded joints of high strength steel. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.302.

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Mechanical behavior of twenty-eight longitudinal lap-welded joints made of high strength steels (HSS) under tension load was investigated by experimental study. Weaknesses due to traditional deformation measurements for fillet welded joints can be perfectly solved by digital image correlation techniques (DIC). The effect of parameters (e.g. weld size, weld length and mismatch ratio) on mechanical properties (e.g. ultimate strength, failure modes, weld ductility and fracture angle) of longitudinal fillet welds and transverse fillet welds, which was introduced in detail in previous work by the a
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