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Harley, Grant L., Henri D. Grissino-Mayer, Lisa B. LaForest, and Patrick McCauley. "Dendrochronological Dating Of The Lund-Spathelf House, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA." Tree-Ring Society, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622642.
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The Lund-Spathelf House is located at 1526 Pontiac Trail in Ann Arbor, Michigan. During a
recent renovation, the owner sought information regarding the construction of the house by searching through numerous written records. Despite an extensive history of the land on which the house currently sits, neither a construction year nor general period of construction could be obtained. Therefore, four samples of oak (Quercus spp.) were extracted from floor boards throughout the house for dendrochronological dating. The four samples crossdated conclusively with each other both visually and statistically and were used to build a floating 126-year tree-ring chronology. We used COFECHA to statistically evaluate the absolute temporal placement of this chronology against a nearby regional chronology (MI005.CRN) from the Cranbrook Institute, Michigan. The Lund-Spathelf House chronology was anchored in time with the regional chronology from A.D. 1720 to 1845 with a correlation coefficient of 0.62 (p < 0.0001, t < 8.76, n = 126). All four oak samples provided conclusive cutting dates of A.D. 1845, indicating the year the Lund-Spathelf House was constructed.
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Leonard, Nancy Jacynthe. "REPORT OF AN INTERNSHIP WITH THE GREAT LAKES FISHERY COMMISSION IN ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1058458496.
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Jaggears, Katrina Alison Diggs. "The Ann Arbor Black English case and the Oakland Ebonics controversy : what have we learned?" Scholarly Commons, 2000. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/531.
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Lien, John Nils. "Modeling scenic quality of residential streets using mensurational variables." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50048.
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Regression models were developed to predict scenic quality for residential streets in Ann Arbor, Michigan for both Summer and Winter vegetative conditions. Scenic quality was quantified using the Scenic Beauty Estimation method. Only variables that existed in the city's computer data base were used. Variables such as diameter at breast height, basal area, number of trees, and tree species diversity were investigated as to their predictive ability. In addition, the predictive ability of quadratic, power, inverse, and logarithmic transformations of these variables was investigated. The best predictive Summer model used the natural log of the average diameter of street trees and the natural log of the average assessed property value as variables. The best predictive Winter model used the natural log of the average diameter of street trees as its independent variable.<br>Master of Science<br>incomplete_metadata
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Madabhusi, Raman Priya. "Reading a commercial urban place : a qualitative interpretation of the State Street area, Ann Arbor, Michigan." Kansas State University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36079.
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Holeva, Paul D. "Growing Social Capital: Investigating the Relationship between Farmers' Markets and the Development of Community Support Networks in Ann Arbor, MI." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1247776009.
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Paul, Mario. "Bestimmungsgründe individuellen Wahlverhaltens heute -- Synopse und Integration." Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200900082.
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Die Arbeit macht es sich zur Aufgabe, die mitunter
exklusiven Anwendungsbereiche der verschiedenen
Theorien des Wahlverhaltens zu überwinden, um die
unterschiedlichen Wählermotive zu einem einheitlichen
Bild aneinander zu fügen. Auf dem Fundament etablierter
Theorien der Wahlforschung wird ein integratives
Erklärungsmodelle entworfen, das das individuelle
Wahlverhalten in seinen vielfältigen Facetten erfasst
und eine systematische Gewichtung der einzelnen
determinierenden Faktoren erlaubt.
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Story, Kathleen Ann. "Arbor Day curriculum unit for grades kindergarten through grade six." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/705.
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AKSAKALLI, VURAL. "Heuristic Methods for Gang-Rip Saw Arbor Design and Scheduling." NCSU, 1999. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-19991102-031914.
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<p>AKSAKALLI, VURAL. Heuristic Methods for Gang-Rip Saw Arbor Design and Scheduling. (Under the direction of Dr. Yahya Fathi).This research considers the problem of designing and scheduling arbors for gang-rip saw systems. Such systems are typically used within the furniture manufacturing industry for processing lumber, where lumber boards are first ripped lengthwise into strips of different widths, and then, cut to the required lengths to be used in manufacturing.A saw with multiple cutting channels is used to perform this operation. This saw has fixed blades at specific positions on a rotating shaft which rips incoming lumber boards into required finished widths. The pattern of cutting channels (i.e., the setting of the blades) along the saw shaft is referred to as an ''arbor''.A typical instance of the problem consists of (1) a set of required finished widths and their corresponding demands, (2) a frequency distribution of lumber boards in the uncut stock, (3) a shaft length, and (4) a blade width. The objective is to design a set of (one or more) arbors and the corresponding quantity of lumber to run through each arbor, such that the total amount of waste generated is minimized while the demand is satisfied.In the research, we focus on solving the problem using only one arbor. First, we discuss the computational complexity of the problem and propose a total enumeration procedure which can be used to solve relatively small instances. Then, we develop algorithms based on heuristic approaches such as local improvement procedures, simulated annealing, and genetic algorithms. Our computational experiments indicate that a local improvement procedure with two nested loops, performing local search with a different neighborhood structure within each loop, gives very high quality solutions to the problem within very short execution times.<P>
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Aksakalli, Vural. "Heuristic methods for gang-rip saw arbor design and scheduling /." Raleigh, NC : North Carolina State University, 1999. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/etd/public/etd-4844102699922981/etd.pdf.
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Waldrop, Lindsey. "Tension and Trauma in Idle Talk under the Bean Arbor." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22622.
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As a genre, the huaben話本 short story reassured readers of a Heaven who punished and rewarded human actions with perfect accuracy. Yet in the years before the Ming明 (1368-1644) collapse, the genre grew increasingly dark. Aina Jushi wrote Doupeng xianhua豆棚閒話, or Idle Talk under the Bean Arbor (c. 1668), only a few years after the Manchus solidified their rule. The only full-frame story in pre-modern Chinese literature, the text is also notable for the directness with which it confronts societal and cosmological questions arising from the fall of the Ming dynasty. It was also the last significant huaben before the genre faded into obsolescence.
My dissertation asks three questions. Why was this the last major collection of the genre? How do the form and the content work together? And what does Aina contribute to the Qing cosmological questioning through a genre obsessed with an ordered cosmos? I argue that the text deserves further study because of the beautiful complexity of its narrative structure and voices and its direct confrontation of the fall of the Ming. I also argue that Aina questions if there really is a moral Heaven that rewards and punishes human action and if there is any greater significance to virtuous action. His doubts about the presence of a moral Heaven increase as the text progresses but he is unwilling to completely discard Confucian relational ethics. This is shown by his loosening of the requirements of the huaben structure. The narratives become more incoherent and the content generally grows darker. By the final narrative, Aina drops the huaben form and presents an apathetic cosmos directly to the primary diegetic audience. The resulting cognitive dissonance causes the bean arbor to collapse and the audience to disperse. Aina offers us no moral certitude or clear didacticism.
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Niedringhaus, David A. "U.S. Army armor in limited war : armor employment techniques in Korea and Veitnam /." Connect to resource, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261407850.
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Niedringhaus, David A. "U.S. Army armor in limited war : armor employment techniques in Korea and Vietnam." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1261407850.
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Song, Juha. "Multiscale materials design of natural exoskeletons : fish armor." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69670.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2011.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 261-282).<br>Biological materials have developed hierarchical and heterogeneous material nanostructures and microstructures to provide protection against various environmental threats that, in turn, provide bioinspired clues to man-made, protective material designs. In particular, designs of dermal fish armor are a tradeoff between protection and mobility. A comprehensive knowledge base of the materials and mechanical design principles of fish armor has broad applicability to the development of synthetic engineered protective/flexible materials. In this thesis, two fish armor model systems have been investigated by means of structure-property-function relationships, ultimately answering how the armor systems have been designed in response to their environmental threats. The first model system, Polypterus senegalus are descendants of ancient fish and their body is covered by a natural armor consisting of small bony scales. The quadlayered armor scales are composed of ganoine, dentin, isopedine and bone, to protect against predatory biting attacks. First of all, multilayer design principles of P. senegalus scales were understood with respect to penetration resistance by the multiscale experimental and computational study. The quad-layered scales exhibit mechanical gradient within and between material layers and have geometrically corrugated junctions with an undetectable gradation; all of which lead to effective penetration resistance including load-dependent effective material properties, circumferential surface cracking, plastic dissipation in the underlying dentin layer, stress redistribution around the interfaces with suppression of interfacial failure. Secondly, since the outmost ganoine is structurally anisotropic, the roles of anisotropy of ganoine in the entire system have been investigated by combining orientation-dependant indentation and mechanical modeling. The elastic-plastic anisotropy of the ganoine layer enhances the load-dependent penetration resistance of the multilayered armor compared with the isotropic ganoine layer mainly by (i) enhancing the transmission of stress and dissipation to the underlying dentin layer, (ii) lowering the ganoine/dentin interfacial stresses and hence reducing any propensity toward delamination, and (iii) providing discrete structural pathways for cracks to propagate normal to the surface for easy arrest by the underlying dentin layer. Inspired by P. senegalus scales, threat-protection interaction and structurefunction relationships among various layered armor systems have been investigated using parametric studies with finite element (FE) models. Geometry, microstructure and mechanical properties of a threat system significantly influence its ability to effectively penetrate into the armor system or to be defeated by the armor. Simultaneously, three structure parameters of multilayered armor designs are mainly considered: (i) the thickness of the outmost layer; (ii) the quad-layered vs. bilayer structure; and (iii) the sequence of the outer two layers. The role of the armor microstructure in defeating threats as well as providing avenues of energy dissipation to withstand biting attacks is identified. Microstructural length scale and material property matching between the threat and armor is clearly observed. Bilayered and quadlayred models are mechanically comparable, but the quad-layer model achieves a weight reduction. Studies of predatorprey threat-protection interactions may lead to insights into tunability in mechanical functionality of each system in conjunction with adaptive phenotypic plasticity of the tooth and scale microstructure and geometry, "adaptive stalemates," and the so-called evolutionary "arms race." The second model system, Gasterosteus aculeatus, is well-known for light-weight and morphologically varied armor structure among different G. aculeatus populations. Marine and freshwater G. aculeatus armor structures have been assessed quantitatively by micro-computed tomography ([mu]CT) technique. The convolution of plate geometry in conjunction with plate-to-plate overlap allows a relatively constant armor thickness to be maintained throughout the assembly, promoting spatially homogeneous protection and thereby avoiding weakness at the armor unit interconnections. Plate-to-plate junctures act to register and join the plates while permitting compliance in sliding and rotation in selected directions. SEM and [mu]CT revealed a porous, sandwich-like cross-section of lateral plates beneficial for bending stiffness and strength at minimum weight. Moreover, the structural parameters of the pelvic assemblies were also quantified via pCT, which include the spatial dependence of the suture amplitude and frequency, the suture plate inclination angle, and the suture gap. Significant differences in these structural parameters were observed between the different G. aculeatus populations. Composite analytical and finite element computational models were developed and used in conjunction with the pCT data to simulate the mechanical behavior of the pelvic assembly, to predict the effective suture stiffness and to understand the conformational change of the pelvic assembly from the "rest" to "offensive" states. This study elucidates the structural and functional differences between different divergent populations of G. aculeatus and serves as a model for other systems of interest in evolutionary biology.<br>by Juha Song.<br>Ph.D.
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Seibert, Jerry. "The Development of a Knowledge Test for Armor Trainees." TopSCHOLAR®, 1987. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2822.
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A study was conducted to develop a written tank knowledge test for United States Army armor trainees. Such a test may be employed as a tool for training program evaluation and as a criterion measure for assessing trainees. The Tank Knowledge Test (TKT) was developed from items written by subject matter experts familiar with the armor training program. After pilot testing, a revised version of the TKT had an internal consistency reliability of .79. Item difficulty levels ranged from .16 to .92 with a mean of .57. A factor analysis performed to examine the possibility of deriving subscales from four clusters of topically related items revealed no support for a four factor solution.
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Wiley, Charles Schenck. "Synergistic methods for the production of high-strength and low-cost boron carbide." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39479.
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Boron carbide (B₄C) is a non-oxide ceramic in the same class of nonmetallic hard materials as silicon carbide and diamond. The high hardness, high elastic modulus and low density of B₄C make it a nearly ideal material for personnel and vehicular armor. B₄C plates formed via hot-pressing are currently issued to U.S. soldiers and have exhibited excellent performance; however, hot-pressed articles contain inherent processing defects and are limited to simple geometries such as low-curvature plates. Recent advances in the pressureless sintering of B₄C have produced theoretically-dense and complex-shape articles that also exhibit superior ballistic performance. However, the cost of this material is currently high due to the powder shape, size, and size distribution that are required, which limits the economic feasibility of producing such a product. Additionally, the low fracture toughness of pure boron carbide may have resulted in historically lower transition velocities (the projectile velocity range at which armor begins to fail) than competing silicon carbide ceramics in high-velocity long-rod tungsten penetrator tests. Lower fracture toughness also limits multi-hit protection capability. Consequently, these requirements motivated research into methods for improving the densification and fracture toughness of inexpensive boron carbide composites that could result in the development of a superior armor material that would also be cost-competitive with other high-performance ceramics. The primary objective of this research was to study the effect of titanium and carbon additives on the sintering and mechanical properties of inexpensive B₄C powders. The boron carbide powder examined in this study was a submicron (0.6 μm median particle size) boron carbide powder produced by H.C. Starck GmbH via a jet milling process. A carbon source in the form ofphenolic resin, and titanium additives in the form of 32 nm and 0.9 μm TiO₂ powders were selected. Parametric studies of sintering behavior were performed via high-temperature dilatometry in order to measure the in-situ sample contraction and thereby measure the influence of the additives and their amounts on the overall densification rate. Additionally, broad composition and sintering/post-HIPing studies followed by characterization and mechanical testing elucidated the effects of these additives on sample densification, microstructure development, and mechanical properties such as Vickers hardness and microindentation fracture toughness. Based upon this research, a process has been developed for the sintering of boron carbide that yielded end products with high relative densities (i.e., 100%, or theoretical density), microstructures with a fine (∼2-3 μm) grain size, and high Vickers microindentation hardness values. In addition to possessing these improved physical properties, the costs of producing this material were substantially lower (by a factor of 5 or more) than recently patented work on the pressureless sintering and post-HIPing of phase-pure boron carbide powder. This recently patented work developed out of our laboratory utilized an optimized powder distribution and yielded samples with high relative densities and high hardness values. The current work employed the use of titanium and carbon additives in specific ratios to activate the sintering of boron carbide powder possessing an approximately mono-modal particle size distribution. Upon heating to high temperatures, these additives produced fine-scale TiO ₂ and graphite inclusions that served to hinder grain growth and substantially improve overall sintered and post-HIPed densities when added in sufficient concentrations. The fine boron carbide grain size manifested as a result of these second phase inclusions caused a substantial increase in hardness; the highest hardness specimen yielded a hardness value (2884.5 kg/mm²) approaching that of phase-pure and theoretically-dense boron carbide (2939 kg/mm²). Additionally, the same high-hardness composition exhibited a noticeably higher fracture toughness (3.04 MPa•m¹/²) compared to phase-pure boron carbide (2.42 MPa• m¹/²), representing a 25.6% improvement. A potential consequence of this study would be the development of a superior armor material that is sufficiently affordable, allowing it to be incorporated into the general soldier’s armor chassis.
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Yap, Chun Hong Kelvin. "The Impact of Armor on the Design, Utilization and Survivability of Ground Vehicles The History of Armor Development and Use." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/17482.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>Armor is a key component of ground vehicle survivability, as has been developed and redesigned throughout history in response to different threats and missions. This thesis aims to study and analyze the how armor has changed through major conflicts, from World War I to Operation Iraqi Freedom, and some of the driving factors that influenced those changes. This thesis would also do a discussion on the threats ground vehicles are expected to face and how they work, which has significant implications on how armor can be designed to defeat them or minimize the damage sustained as a result. Finally, this thesis would discuss the various aspects of armor design that can be looked at to reduce the vulnerability of a ground vehicle, and how they are characterized. This thesis also aims to set a foundation for the development of a ground vehicle survivability discipline in NPS in the future.
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Seng, Frederick Alexander. "Body Armor Shape Sensing with Fiber Optic Sensors." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6950.
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In this dissertation, the rate of the BFD during body armor impact is characterized with fiber Bragg gratings for the first time ever. The depth rate is characterized using a single fiber optic sensor, while the entire shape rate can be characterized using multiple fiber optic sensors. This is done with a final depth accuracy of less than 10% and a timing accuracy of 15% for BFDs as deep as 50 mm and impact event of less than 1 millisecond. The shape sensing method introduced in this dissertation is different from traditional fiber optic sensor shape reconstruction methods in the fact that strain from the kinetic friction regime is used rather than the static friction regime. In other words, information from the fiber optic sensors slipping is used to reconstruct the shape in this work, whereas strain from the fiber optic sensor remaining fixed to a reference is used for typical fiber optic shape sensing purposes.
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Capdevila, Nic Andrew. "Digital human modeling for optimal body armor design." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1435.
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In order to leverage advances made in body-armor materials, as well as to further the design landscape, considering body armor as a complete human-centric system is becoming more prevalent. This trend necessitates a greater focus on human systems integration (HSI) and human-centric design. Digital human models (DHMs) provide a powerful tool for HSI, but modeling-and-simulation tools, let alone DHMs, have rarely been used with body armor. With respect to analysis, this is changing. New methods for evaluating body armor from a biomechanical perspective have been developed within the SantosTM DHM. It is now possible to import digital models of body-armor systems, place them on an avatar, simulate various tasks (i.e., running, aiming, etc.), and then virtually evaluate the armor's effect on performance, balance, mobility, bulk, etc. However, with respect to design, there are no available simulation tools to help users balance the goals of maximizing mobility and survivability concurrently.
In response to these growing needs, there are two new areas of work being proposed and discussed. First, this work leverages a series of new virtual evaluation capabilities for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and implements a filter that automatically evaluates and selects from a library of designs the most advantageous PPE system based on user-selected objectives and constraints. Initial tests have shown realistic results with minimal computational demand.
Secondly, this thesis proposes a new method for armor-system topology optimization that optimizes not only biomechanical metrics but also external (to the DHM system) metrics from potentially complex injury and protection models. The design variables for this optimization problem represent the position on the body of small body-armor elements. In addition, the existence of each element is modeled as a variable, such that unnecessary elements are determined and removed automatically. This inclusion of location in combination with the traditional existence variable is a novel inclusion to the topology optimization method. Constraints require that no two elements overlap. The objective functions that govern where the armor elements are moved must be general enough to function with any external data, such as survivability. Thus, a novel process has been developed for importing external data points (i.e., stress at points in the body resulting from a blast simulation) and using regression analysis to represent these points analytically. Then, by using sequential quadratic programming for gradient-based optimization, the armor elements are automatically positioned in order to optimize the objective function (i.e., minimize potential injury). This new approach allows any metric to be used in order to determine general body-armor concepts upstream in the design process. This system has the potential to become especially useful when trying to optimize multiple objectives simultaneously, the results of which are not necessarily intuitive. Thus, given a specified amount of material, one can determine where to place it in order to, for example, maximize mobility, maximize survivability, and maximize balance during a series of specified mission-critical tasks. The intent is not necessarily to provide a final design with one "click"; accurately considering all aspects of hard and soft armor is beyond the scope of this work. However, these methods work towards providing a design aid to help steer system concepts.
Test cases have been successfully run to maximize coverage of specific external data for internal organs (and thus survivability) and mobility, while minimizing weight. The weight metric has also been successfully used as a constraint in the optimal armor design. In summary, this work provides 1) initial steps towards an automated design tool for body armor, 2) a means for integrating different analysis models, and 3) a unique example of human-in-the-loop analysis and optimization.
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Ünaler, Erol Tanoğlu Metin. "Development and characterization of ligt-weight armor materials." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/malzemebilimivemuh/T000330.pdf.
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Browning, Ashley (Ashley Renée). "Mechanics and design of flexible composite fish armor." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74456.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-126).<br>Inspired by the overlapping scales found on teleost fish, a new composite architecture explores the mechanics of materials to accommodate both flexibility and protection. These biological structures consist of overlapping mineralized plates embedded in a compliant tissue to form a natural flexible armor which protects underlying soft tissue and vital organs. Here, the functional performance of such armors is investigated, in which the composition, spatial arrangement, and morphometry of the scales provide locally tailored functionality. Fabricated macroscale prototypes and finite element based micromechanical models are employed to measure mechanical response to blunt and penetrating indentation loading. Deformation mechanisms of scale bending, scale rotation, tissue shear, and tissue constraint were found to govern the ability of the composite to protect the underlying substrate. These deformation mechanisms, the resistance to deformation, and the resulting energy absorption can all be tailored by structural parameters including architectural arrangement (angle of the scales, degree of scale overlap), composition (volume fraction of the scales), morphometry (aspect ration of the scales), and material properties (tissue modulus and scale modulus). In addition, this network of armor serves to distribute the load of a predatory attack over a large area to mitigate stress concentrations. Mechanical characterization of such layered, segmented structures is fundamental to developing design principles for engineered protective systems and composites.<br>by Ashley Browning.<br>S.M.
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Mokgope, Precious Kgomotso. "Effect of dietry carrot meal supplementation on productivity and carcass characteristics of arbor acre broiler chickens." Thesis, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1103.
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Thesis (MA. Agric. (Animal Production)) -- University of Limpopo, 2014<br>This study determined the effect of carrot meal supplementation on productivity and carcass characteristics of Arbor acres broiler chickens aged one to six weeks. Experiment I determined the effect of carrot meal supplementation on productivity of Arbor acre broiler chicks aged one to 21 days. Two hundred unsexed Arbor acre broiler chickens were randomly assigned to five treatments with five replicates, each replicate having ten birds. A completely randomized design was used in the first experiment. The treatments were 0 (UA0), 20 (AU20), 50 (AU50), 75 (AU75) or 100 (AU100) g of carrot meal supplementation per kg DM feed. Quadratic equations were used to determine levels of carrot meal supplementation for optimal feed intake, metabolisable energy intake and nitrogen retention of Arbor acre broiler chickens aged one to 21 days. Linear equations were used to determine relationships between carrot meal supplementation and productivity variables. Dietary carrot meal supplementation had no (P>0.05) effect on growth rate, live weight and feed conversion ratio of unsexed Arbor acre broiler chickens aged one to 21 days. Carrot meal supplementation, however, improved (P<0.05) metabolisable energy intake and nitrogen retention of the chickens. Dietary metabolisable energy intake and nitrogen retention of the chickens were optimized at different carrot meal supplementation levels of 40.5 and 53.57 g/kg DM feed, respectively. No chicken deaths were recorded.
Experiment II determined the effect of carrot meal supplementation on productivity and carcass characteristics of female Arbor acre broiler chickens aged 22 to 42 days. The chickens were randomly allocated to five treatments with five replicates, each having 10 birds, in a completely randomized design. The supplementation levels were 0 (FA0), 20 (FA20), 50 (FA50), 75 (FA75), or 100 (FA100) g of carrot meal per kg DM feed. Quadratic equations were used to determine levels of carrot meal supplementation for optimal feed intake, feed conversion ratio, live weight, metabolisable energy intake and nitrogen retention of broiler chickens aged 22 to 42 days. Linear equations were used to determine relationships between carrot meal supplementation and production variables. Dietary carrot meal supplementation had no (P>0.05) effect on growth rate, live weight and carcass parts of female Arbor acre broiler chickens aged 22 to 42 days. Carrot meal supplementation improved (P<0.05) feed intake, feed conversion ratio, metabolisable energy intake and nitrogen retention of Arbor acre broiler chickens aged
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22 to 42 days. Dietary feed intake, feed conversion ratio, live weight, metabolisable energy intake and nitrogen retention were optimized at different dietary carrot meal supplementation levels of 52.8, 63.8, 38.0, 42.0 and 44.3 g/kg DM feed, respectively. Dietary carrot meal supplementation had no effect (P>0.05) on tenderness and flavour of female Arbor acre broiler meat. Broiler chickens on diets supplemented with 20, 50 or 100 g of carrot meal per kg DM feed produced meat with better (P<0.05) juiciness values than those of meat from chickens not supplemented with dietary carrot meal and those supplemented with 75 g/kg DM feed. There was a positive relationship between carrot meal supplementation and chicken meat juiciness.
It is concluded that carrot meal supplementation improved (P<0.05) metabolisable energy intake and nitrogen retention of unsexed Arbor acre broiler chickens aged one to 21 days. However, carrot meal supplementation had no effect (P>0.05) on growth rate, live weight and feed conversion ratio of unsexed Arbor acre broiler chickens aged one to 21 days. Carrot meal supplementation improved (P<0.05) intake, feed conversion ratio, metabolisable energy and nitrogen retention of female Arbor acre broiler chickens aged 22 to 42 days. However, carrot meal supplementation did not (P>0.05) improve growth rate and live weights of the chickens.
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Kocer, Hasan Basri Broughton Roy. "Laminated and hybrid soft body armor for ballistic applications." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Fall%20Theses/Kocer_Hasan_7.pdf.
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Connors, Matthew James. "Design of a multifunctional biomineralized armor system : the shell of chitons." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89839.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2014.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 110-121).<br>Nature provides many examples of flexible armor systems which may serve as a source of inspiration for materials scientists and engineers. This thesis explores multiscale material and morphological design principles of the shells of chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). The chiton shell consists of eight plates encircled by a structure known as a girdle, which is often covered by scales. The shell provides protection while permitting the flexibility needed to conform to rough substrata, as well as to roll defensively into ball-like conformation to cover its soft ventral side. In typical flat conformations, X-ray micro-computed tomography revealed that the shape and imbrication of the plates results in an overall continuous curvature and constant armor thickness. However, in defensive postures, vulnerable regions exist between the plates due to decreases in plate overlap. In the peripheral scale armor, gradients in the size and overlap of the scales control local levels of flexibility and protection. Scale armor prototypes inspired by the girdle scales were fabricated via multi-material 3D printing. Bending tests demonstrated that the stiffness of the bio-inspired scale armor is highly anisotropic. Remarkably, in certain species, a visual system is integrated within the shell plates. The system contains hundreds of lens eyes, which were found to be capable to forming images. Ray-trace simulations of individual eyes determined that they have a resolution of ~9°, which is consistent with prior behavioral experiments. Unlike the protein-based lenses of most animal eyes, the lenses of chitons, like their shells, are principally composed of aragonite. Chitons are able to tailor the local shape, crystallography, and interfaces of aragonite to achieve a multifunctional armor. However, the integration of lens eyes was found to locally decrease penetration resistance, suggesting a materials-level trade-off between protection and sensation.<br>by Matthew James Connors.<br>Ph. D.
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Tromp, Rebecca Leigh. "BODY ARMOR INDUCED CHANGES IN THE TRUNK MECHANCIAL AND NEUROMUSCULAR BEHAVIOR." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cbme_etds/29.
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While military body armor is used among warfighters for protection on and off the battlefield, it has been suggested to impede performance and act as a risk factor for the development of musculoskeletal disorders, especially low back pain. Apart from personal suffering, low back pain in soldiers is a great economic burden on the US economy. The objective of this study was to quantify the changes in trunk mechanical and neuromuscular behavior following prolonged exposure to body armor compared to exposure without. A crossover study design was used where 12 sex-balanced participants completed a series of tests before and after 45 minutes of treadmill walking with and without body armor. The tests included range of motion, isometric trunk tests, sudden perturbations, and stress relaxation. As a whole, exposure duration considered in this study resulted in no significant differences in performance between armor and no armor conditions. However, comparing the effects of body armor among the sex-differentiated groups showed a body armor -induced increase in range of trunk motion in the sagittal plane among females (p = 0.0018) and a decrease in pelvic range of motion in the transverse plane among both males (p=0.025) and females (p=0.004).
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Moberg, Michael J. "Carbon Fiber and Tungsten Disulfide Nanoscale Architectures for Armor Applications." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7387.
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The objective of this research was to generate shock-resistant materials based on inorganic fullerene type tungsten disulfide (IF-WS2) and carbon nanocomposite structures for personal protection armor systems. The aim was to develop a new generation of composites that combine the known energy absorbing properties of carbon nanofibers, with the shock absorbing properties reported for IF-WS2 structures. Various methods were explored to generate the desired WS2carbon fiber composite. Experimentation revealed that in situ growth of carbon fibers from a nickel catalyst with tungsten disulfide particulates had to be performed from particular precursors and fabrication conditions to avoid undesirable byproducts that hinder fiber growth. As a result, tungsten oxide was used as tungsten source, nickel as carbon fiber growth catalyst, ethylene as hydrocarbon and fuel rich oxidative conditions for growth, all followed by a sulfurization process. Fabrication of fibers was performed at moderate temperatures (ca. 550 degrees C) with a sulfurization step at 900 degrees C in a tubular furnace. Microstructural characterization of the samples was primarily conducted using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. In order to determine more properties of the nanocomposites, the samples were dispersed into an epoxy matrix. Nano-indentation was utilized as a method of determining mechanical properties of the composites while a gas gun was used to determine shock propagation effects. The inclusion of WS2/C nanocomposites into epoxy matrixes showed a significant improvement in modulus and hardness values when compared to bare carbon fiber epoxy composites. WS2/C fiber epoxy nanocomposites preserved their integrity during gas gun tests while samples without WS2 fractured.
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Andersen, Cameron S. "Principles, Functions, and Concepts for Compliant Mechanically Reactive Armor Elements." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2106.pdf.
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Adams, Albert A. "Effects of Extremity Armor on Metabolic Cost and Gait Biomechanics." Digital WPI, 2010. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/839.
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Modern ballistic armor can protect soldiers against gunfire and shrapnel. The added weight and movement restriction of armor on the extremities may negatively impact soldier performance. Loading the limbs with weight has been found to increase metabolic cost in locomotion and alter gait kinematics. It was hypothesized that increases in metabolic cost and alterations in gait kinematics would result from the use of extremity armor. Fifteen healthy U.S. Army men walked (1.34 m/s) and ran (2.46 m/s) on a level treadmill with three different levels of extremity armor configuration: a no armor condition (4.3 lbs) that consisted of minimal clothing, combat boots, and a helmet; a partial extremity armor configuration (27.2 lbs) that consisted of an armor vest and extremity armor on the upper arms and thighs plus the minimal clothing; and a full extremity armor configuration (29.2 lbs) that consisted of forearm and shank armor in addition to the partial extremity armor configuration. In walking and running on the treadmill, metabolic cost normalized to body mass increased significantly when extremity armor was worn, as compared to the no armor condition. No difference was found in metabolic cost scaled to total mass (body mass + mass of armor), indicating no effect of mass placement. When walking on the treadmill, double support time was the only temporal variable found to increase with use of extremity armor; no differences between partial and full armor configurations were found. Range of motion (ROM) of the ankle decreased in walking with extremity armor, while hip and knee ROMs increased with the use of extremity armor. In running, only hip ROM and trunk lean increased significantly with the use of extremity armor, while no difference was found between the two extremity armor configurations. In conclusion, use of extremity armor on soldiers walking and running on a level treadmill resulted in a metabolic cost increase as the mass of the armor increased and did affect gait kinematics. The distal placement of the armor on the extremities at the low mass tested did not significantly affect metabolic cost or gait kinematics.
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Matzinger, Thomas. "An Overview of Body Armor and Single Plate Impact Dynamics." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1808.
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In the past, personal body armor was constructed of simple plates of high- strength alloys. However, with the advancement of modern combat and weaponry, particularly armor-piercing ammunition, personal body armor has evolved into more complex and effective metal, ceramic, and composite structures. This paper lays the groundwork for experimental and modeling methods used to understand the effectiveness of new armor designs. Focusing on the first layer of modern body armor, the ”High Impedance” layer. Experiments measuring the change in velocity of bullets passing through aluminum and titanium plates were conducted. These experiments were then replicated through FEA simulation.
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Garrison, Arthur Thomas. "Fields and Armor: A Comparative Analysis of English Feudalism and Japanese Hokensei." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103320/.
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Fields and Armor is a comparative study of English feudalism from the Norman Conquest until the reign of King Henry II (1154-1189) and Japan’s first military government, the Kamakura Bakufu (1185- 1333). This thesis was designed to examine the validity of a European-Japanese comparison. Such comparisons have been attempted in the past. However, many historians on both sides of the equation have levied some serious criticism against these endeavors. In light, of these valid criticisms, this thesis has been a comparison of medieval English government and that of the Kamakura-Samurai, because of a variety of geographic, cultural and social similarities that existed in both regions. These similarities include similar military organizations and parallel developments, which resulted in the formation of two of most centralized military governments in either Western Europe or East Asia, and finally, the presence and real enforcement of two forms of unitary inheritance in both locales.
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Kaminski, Douglas L. "Modeling and simulation of survivable armor design studies for IED threats." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/08Mar%5FKaminski.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2008.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Kolar, Ramesh. "March 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on May 1, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67). Also available in print.
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Poh, Choon Wei. "Investigation of new materials and methods of construction of personnel armor." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FPoh.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Combat Systems Sciences and Technology)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Hixson, Robert S. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 29, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77). Also available in print.
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Davis, Dan M. "Finite Element Modeling of Ballistic Impact on a Glass Fiber Composite Armor." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/815.
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Finite Element Modeling of Ballistic Impact on a Glass Fiber Composite Armor
Dan Davis
Experiments measuring the ballistic performance of a commercially available fiberglass armor plate were used to guide the development of constitutive laws for a finite element model of the impact. The test samples are commercially available armor panels, made from E-glass fiber reinforced polyester rated to NIJ level III. Quasi-static tensile tests were used to establish material properties of the test panels. These properties were then used to create models in the explicit finite element code LSDYNA.
Ballistic impact testing of the panels was conducted using a compressed gas gun firing spherical steel projectiles oriented normal to the test panel surface. The V50 ballistic limit of these panels was found to be approximately 560 m/s. Tuning parameters in the finite element models were adjusted to match the experimentally measured penetration depths and ballistic limits. Models were created in LSDYNA by adjusting the available material library types 3 and 59 for the target, and material type 15 for the projectile. Type 3 models are isotropic, and resulted in shear punch-out type failures of the plate that poorly replicated the test results. Type 59 takes orthotropic properties into consideration, and can analyze delamination when used with solid elements. Results with model type 59 were significantly better than those using type 3, however, this model was found to vastly underestimate the impact resistance of the plate. With significant adjustments to the material properties in the type 59 model, the LSDYNA simulations were found to better replicate the experimentally observed response of the panels. However, these deformations are questionable since they required quite unrealistic adjustments to the material properties.
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Lewis, Sara Ann. "Functions of Drosophila Pak (p21-activated kinase) in Morphogenesis: A Mechanistic Model based on Cellular, Molecular, and Genetic Studies." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/594389.
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Intellectual disability (ID) is a common phenotype of brain-development disorders and is heterogeneous in etiology with numerous genetic causes. PAK3 is one gene with multiple mutations causing ID. Affected individuals have microcephaly, and other brain-structure defects have been reported. Additionally, PAK3 is in a genetic network with eighteen other genes whose mutations cause ID, suggesting the molecular mechanisms by which PAK3 regulates of cognitive function may be shared by other genetic ID disorders. Studies in rodent models have shown that the orthologs of PAK3 are important for regulating dendrite spine morphology and postnatal brain size. In Drosophila melanogaster, the morphological processes of oogenesis, dorsal closure during embryogenesis, and salivary gland-lumen formation require Pak, the Drosophila ortholog of PAK3. Additionally, Pak is important for development of the subsynaptic reticulum of the neuromuscular junction, sensory axon pathfinding and terminal arborization in the Drosophila central nervous system (CNS). However, the role of Pak in mushroom body (MB) structure and intrinsic neurite arbor morphogenesis, as well as details of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are unknown. To address this gap, I used Drosophila models of PAK3 gene mutations, Pak, and a combination of immunostaining, primary cell culture, and genetic interaction studies to elucidate these mechanisms. I performed a detailed characterization of the previously reported adult Pak phenotypes of decreased survival as well as leg and wing morphology. I found that decreased survival is a low-penetrance phenotype that is enhanced by chromosomes from the same mutagenesis. Defects of the adult wing include folding and misalignment between the layers, blisters, and missing or partial cross veins. The Pak-mutant legs are short and often misdirected in the pupal case with morphological defects in the shape of the leg segments themselves. The mushroom bodies are important insect learning and memory brain structures whose lobes are composed of axon bundles with individual axons bifurcating to form the α and β lobes. Mutations in Pak cause defects in the length, thickness, and direction of the MB α and β lobes. These defects increase in severity during metamorphosis, when neurogenesis and differentiation of these structures occur, suggesting that Pak stabilizes the branches of the α/β mushroom body neurons. Pak-mutant cultured neurons have reduced neurite arbor size with defects in neurite caliber. Initial outgrowth was normal, followed by a decrease in neurite branch number, again supporting the role of Pak in neurite-branch stability. There are defects in the cytoskeleton in growth cones at six hours post-plating as well as in neurons after three days in vitro. The Pak-mutant phenotype severity depends on the phosphorylation status of myosin regulatory light chain, supporting the mechanistic hypothesis that Pak regulates neurite-branch stability by inhibiting myosin light chain kinase. The neuronal phenotype of decreased branch stability suggests a mechanism of excessive retraction as the cellular pathogenesis underlying PAK3 mutation-associated brain disorders. I used western blotting to characterize the protein products of four nonsense mutations in Drosophila Pak to interpret genotype-phenotype relationships. Each allele has molecularly unique consequences: Pak¹¹, stop-codon read through and truncated protein; Pak¹⁶, no read through, but truncated protein; Pak⁶, read through with no truncated protein; Pak ¹⁴, neither readthrough nor truncated protein. Truncated proteins produced by Pak¹¹ and Pak¹⁶ alleles retained partial function for survival, wing blistering, leg morphology, and neurite length. Conversely, truncated protein increased the severity of the mushroom body defects. Truncated proteins have no effect on neuron branch number, wing folding, or vein defects. Together, these results demonstrate a role of Pak in regulating epithelial morphology, brain structure, and neurite arbor size and complexity. These closely resemble features of the human disorder, providing evidence that this is a good genetic model for this cause of ID.
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Xia, Lei S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Design and analysis of bio-inspired 3D printing body armor for neck support and protection." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118507.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2018.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 70-71).<br>The thesis presents the design and analysis process of a bio-inspired 3D printing body armor for neck support and protection. There are numerous examples of the structural skin or body armor among animals that generates both cranial protection and torso support. In this thesis, the mechanical behavior of the natural structure regarding the specific animal subject will be reviewed and studied using bio-inspired, flexible, design-for-manufacturing armor prototypes designed using computational 3D modeling to tackle a particular problem in real-life body protection. The design process will be demonstrated following the design thinking methodology with the emphasis on user empathy and experience design. Analysis of the prototype's flexibility and strength will be investigated to show how morphometry can enhance the architecture of material. And the accessibility will be researched under quantitative testing and qualitative interviews to the potential beneficiary. The thesis will also explore how the computer aid design can be improved based on bio-inspired analysis and potential mechanical testing. The long-term objective is to use bio-inspired design to develop an additive manufacturing technique for product design to accelerate the iteration process and increase product efficiency.<br>by Lei Xia.<br>S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Smith, Sylvia. "The Comparability of a Field & a Device-Mediated Performance Test for M1 Armor Crewmen." TopSCHOLAR®, 1990. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2862.
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A study was conducted to evaluate the construct validity of four measures of Armor combat performance derived through the Simulation Networking (SIMNET) system. Problems with field testing, such as high cost, low reliability, and lack of realism, has lead the Army to look for alternative methods for soldier evaluation. SIMNET's utility for supplemental training and hardware development has been documented and the device holds promise as a low-cost alternative for soldier evaluation. Performance by 120 M1 tank crews on a SIMNET test was compared to their performance on a field test measuring four critical domains of Armor combat performance: command and control (C2), communications, position location, and combat driving. Acceptable levels of internal consistency were found for the C2 and communications dimensions. Some evidence of convergent and discriminant validity were found for these two dimensions through the multitrait-multimethod matrix and analysis of variance procedures. However, more score variance was attributable to undesirable sources (method bias and error) than to desirable sources (convergent and discriminant validity). Comparing performance on a set of direct-analogue items from the two tests failed to produce greater evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Soldiers reported performing tasks on SIMNET to be "mostly the same" as performing tasks on the Ml tank. The rank order of soldier's questionnaire responses on the four performance dimensions reflected the rank order of the four correlations of performance on the two tests. The results of this study do not support the construct validity of SIMNET as a performance testing device of critical combat skills. Future research on SIMNET's construct validity should use a SIMNET test and field test with the exact same items and scenarios surrounding the performance of those items. If SIMNET's construct valid:ty still is not supported, better criterion measures should be sought against which SIMNET can be evaluated.
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Kramlich, Gary R. "The effects of posture, body armor, and other equipment on rifleman lethality." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FKramlich.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Thomas W. Lucas, Richard Spainhour. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-90). Also available online.
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Wu, Huahui. "ARMOR - adjusting repair and media scaling with operations research for streaming video." Link to electronic dissertation, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050406-144021/.
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Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.<br>Keywords: Streaming MPEG, User Study, Video Quality, Forward Error Correction, Temporal Scaling, Quality Scaling. Includes bibliographical references (p.186-198).
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Gryth, Dan. "Hemodynamic, respiratory and neurophysiological reactions after high-velocity behind armor blunt trauma /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-355-9/.
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Tadesse, Wolde Gossa. "Warfare and fertility : a study of the Hor (Arbore) of Southern Ethiopia." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325325.
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This thesis is an ethnographic study of the Hor (Arbore) who live at the north-eastern end of the Limo river delta on Lake Stephanie in Southern Ethiopia. In the thesis the Hor belief in the link between warfare and fertility is described and analysed. The Hor do not go to war against all their neighbours. Instead they have categories of those whom they fight and whose shed blood is believed to be beneficial to the Hor and those whom they do not fight and whose shed blood is believed to be dangerous to the Hor. From the former they sometimes take wives and raid cattle while from the latter they neither take wives nor raid domestic animals. From a specific group in the first category known as Maale (and formerly from other groups) the Hor kill male victims whose genitals and bush knives they bring home as trophies. These outsider items are crucial in rituals for the reproduction of their society and culture and also for the reproduction of the societies and cultures of certain of their neighbours. The thesis discusses the link between fertility and various aspects of Hor life. Hor Qawots (ritual leaders) are empowered by the genitals brought from the exterior and it is mainly this empowerment that is believed to enable them to be effective in their political and religious roles in Hor country and among Hor neighbours. The study shows how strictly ranked senior and junior Qawots who are members of the braceletwearing clans, as well as metaphorically gendered age sets and ranked settlements, shape the br social and cultural world and the world of their neighbours. It also shows the crucial role of the outside both as a source of fertility and as a source of essential tools of production and ritual items.
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Miller, Daniel Jeffrey. "Design and Analysis of an Innovative Semi-Flexible Hybrid Personal-Body-Armor System." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3247.
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Current military-grade rifle body armor technology uses hard ballistic plates positioned on top of flexible materials, such as woven Kevlar® to stop projectiles and absorb the energy of the impact. However, absorbing the impact energy and stopping a rifle projectile comes at a cost to the wearer - mobility. In this thesis, a new concept for personal body armor is proposed - a semi-flexible hybrid body armor. This hybrid armor is comprised of two components that work as a system to effectively balance the flexibility offered by a soft fabric based armor with the protection level of hard plated armor. This work demonstrates techniques used to analyze and design the hybrid armor to be compliant with National Institute of Justice guidelines. In doing so, finite element analysis is used to simulate the effect of a projectile impacting the armor at various locations, angles, and velocities, while design of experiments is used to study the effect of these various impact combinations on the ability of the armor component(s) (including the wearer) to absorb energy.
The flexibility and protection offered by the two component armor system is achieved by the use of proven technique and innovative geometry. For the analytical design, the material properties, contact area(s), dwell duration, and energy absorption are all carefully considered. This yields a lightweight but yet effective armor, which is estimated to weigh 36% less than the current military grade hard body armor.
Using ANSYS, several simulations were conducted using finite element analysis, including a direct center impact, along with various other impacts to investigate possible weak points in the armor. In doing so, it is determined that only one of these impact locations is indeed a potential weak point. The finite element analysis continues to show that a rifle projectile impacting at an oblique angle reduces the energy transferred to the wearer by about 25% (compared to a direct impact).
A design of experiments approach was used to determine the influence of various input parameters, such as projectile impact velocity and impact location. It is shown that the projectile impact velocity contributes 36% to the ability of the wearer to absorb energy, whereas impact velocity contributes only 13% to the energy absorbed by the top armor component. Furthermore, the analysis shows that the impact location is a highly influential factor (with a 69% contribution) in the energy absorption by the top armor component.
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Muli, Cosmus. "Modelling the Effects of Deforestation on Stream Flows in Arror River Basin-Kenya." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8275.
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<p>Abstract.</p><p>Like other developing countries, forest conversion to agricultural land has been a common practice in Kenya for the last four decades. Apart from illegal logging, the main cause is the growing population. For most developing countries where majority rely on agriculture for food production, conversion of forests into agricultural land is likely to occur. Kenya is one among such countries and is where the study basin is located. Knowledge of hydrological studies is crucial for proper planning and decision making of limited water resources in river basins. Even in regions where data is limited, changes in land use is a concern to many basin communities over the globe including Arror inhabitants since it has an impact on stream flows. Despite Arror downstream communities’ claims on reducing river flows, scientific proof on this is lacking. Such kind of belief/claim can result to conflicts (Downstream vs. Upstream water users). The main objective of this thesis was therefore to determine the effect of land use changes on Arror basin hydrology, focusing on the impact of deforestation since it has been the main land use change for the last four decades. The overall intention of the study is to verify the downstream basin’s inhabitant’s hypothetical thinking and also create an information foundation base for other future studies in the basin. Based on the lessons learned in this study, several recommendations have been highlighted, including land satellite rainfall data to augment the rainfall data obtained from the relatively sparse rain gauge network in the basin.</p>
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Howell, Ryan Andrew. "Microstructural influence on dynamic properties of age hardenable FeMnAl alloys." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Howell_09007dcc80689c38.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009.<br>Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed August 25, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Carboni, Marina. "Evaluation of ballistic materials for back protection under low velocity impact." Link to electronic thesis, 2004. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0430104-131552.
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Pandurangan, Bhaskar. "Development, parameterization and validation of dynamic material models for soil and transparent armor glass." Connect to this title online, 2009.
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Godfrey, Nathan S. H. "Learn to Tread: Soviet and American Wartime Experience and its Effect on Armor Doctrine." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou162757568110957.
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Head, Christopher Michael. "The Armor of Democracy: Volunteerism on the Home Front in World War II California." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/62.
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This paper is an in-depth study on the role of Home Front Volunteerism in California during World War II. It argues that Volunteerism was integral to America’s eventual victory. This paper fills a gap in historical writings on World War II and shows that Volunteerism is a topic worthy of study. Volunteerism played a major role in California. It helped to keep morale high even when the war was progressing poorly. Volunteerism also helped to create new communities out of those shattered by the upheaval of the Great Depression. It provided a patriotic outlet for Americans desperate to aid the war effort. Minority groups took part in volunteer activities in order to show that they too were Americans and in doing so raised their status in society. Throughout the war, volunteers collected scrap metal which was melted down into weaponry. “Radishy victory gardens” sprung up throughout California. The Red Cross experienced an unprecedented surge in volunteerism and new methods in preservation and transportation of donated blood saved thousands of lives. The USO, created during the war, provided entertainment to soldiers both on the home front and overseas. Celebrities and civilians volunteered with the USO. This paper discusses many other ways in which Californian’s volunteered. Each volunteer activity provided an outlet for Americans desperate to aid the war effort in any way that they could.
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Landers, Michael D. "A proposed battalion and below command and control (B2C2) system architecture for the armor battalion." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA272063.
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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Technology (Command, Control, and Communications)) Naval Postgradaute School, June 1993.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Boger, Dan ; Jones, Carl R. "June 1993." Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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Wagner, Denis M. Jr. "Training effectiveness study of simulator usage and its impact on live Fire Armor Gunnery." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42749.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>It is mandatory for tank commanders and gunners to train in the Advanced Gunnery Training System (AGTS), but the effectiveness of conducting this training is unclear. Although anecdotal evidence suggests that training transfer may be occurring, previous research could not definitively prove that training transfer is occurring between the simulator and the performance during live fire gunnery qualification. The purpose of this study was to assess whether there was a correlation between performance in the AGTS and modified live fire gunnery. Sixty-five participants from the Army Armor School volunteered for this study. Data was collected on their AGTS and live fire performance. Results indicated there was no significant correlation between performance in the AGTS and on the modified live fire gunnery. Exploratory analyses showed those who had completed the AGTS Gate to Live Fire performed better on the modified live fire gunnery than those who had not completed the AGTS training. This result suggests that training transfer may be occurring. Given that specific metrics are identified and incorporated into the AGTS, there is strong potential for simulation training to allow individuals to attain a higher level of proficiency than would be attained by just live training.
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Seybolt, Taylor. "Knights in shining armor? : when humanitarian military intervention works and when it does not." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9699.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 1999.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Military intervention for stated humanitarian purposes has been undertaken on several occasions since the end of the Cold War. It is bound to be attempted again, yet academics and policy makers have left fundamental questions unanswered. Have past humanitarian military interventions saved lives? Under what conditions is humanitarian intervention likely to save lives in the future? Case studies of humanitarian interventions in northern Iraq from 1991 through 1996, Somalia from 1992 to 1995, and Rwanda in 1994 reveal that seven out of ten military operations saved more lives than would have been saved in the absence of intervention. However, the number of lives saved was lower than is commonly believed, ranging from thousands in Iraq to tens of thousands in Rwanda, not the hundreds of thousands governments claim. Humanitarian intervention saved lives in all three countries, suggesting that contextual variables -- such as the immediate causes of death and the particular causes of political break down -- do not determine success or failure. Five factors determine success and failure. They are the (1) balance between an intervenor's humanitarian and political objectives, (2) strategy employed by the intervening force, (3) intervenor's capabilities, (4) level of coordination between humanitarian and military organizations, and (5) length of delay before an international response. My research suggests humanitarian.an intervention is very likely to save lives when the intervenor(s) has political objectives as well as humanitarian ones, follows an operational strategy that is determined by needs on the ground rather than preconceptions, has the capability to dominate the battlefield and communicate with the local population, actively coordinates the interaction between humanitarian and military organizations, and responds to a humanitarian emergency quickly. In most cases, the optimal conditions for humanitarian intervention are not present because the states that are capable of intervening do not feel their national interests are engaged. As a result, they respond slowly (timing), do not plan their actions well (strategy and coordination), and have little motivation to persist when costs begin to rise (objectives and capabilities).<br>by Taylor Bond Seybolt.<br>Ph.D.