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Journal articles on the topic 'Annam'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Thi Thanh Hai, DUONG, and DUONG Thi Kim Oanh. "ACTIVITIES OF PRIVATE SCHOOLS IN CENTRE ANNAM FROM 1917 TO 1945." Vinh University Journal of Science 53, no. 1B (March 20, 2024): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.56824/vujs.2023b163.

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Under the French colonial period, in addition to the public school system, the French government has allowed the opening of many private schools to serve political goals and meet the learning needs of the people. To contribute to clarify the current situation of private schools in Annam during the French colonial period, based on documents of the French government including Decrees, Yearbook Reports, statistical documents... the article focuses on clarifying the The colonial government's private education policy from the second educational reform (1917 to 1945), at the same time restoring the private school system in Annam in terms of schools, programs, and studies, etc. On that basis, the author presents a few comments on private education in Annam since the second educational reform (from 1917 to 1945) and compare it with private education in Tonkin, Cochinchina during the same study period.

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2

Cho, Won. "Diplomatic Negotiation with Annam during Khubilai"s Reign - Focused on the Annam Policy of the Yuan and the Reaction of the Annam -." JOURNAL OF ASIAN HISTORICAL STUDIES 154 (March 31, 2021): 103–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17856/jahs.2021.3.154.103.

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3

Hogg, H. E. "Some Spiders from South Annam." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 92, no. 2 (August 21, 2009): 285–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1922.tb02142.x.

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4

Herrick, P. "Ann Annam Herrick (nee Ponnudarai)." BMJ 324, no. 7336 (March 2, 2002): 549d—549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7336.549/d.

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5

Yoon, Sung Yeon. "Tran Ich Tac “King of Annam” went to China." Institute of History and Culture Hankuk University of Foreign Studies 85 (February 28, 2023): 273–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.18347/hufshis.2023.85.273.

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In this paper, we looked at “Tran Ich Tac(陳益稷)”, who surrendered to Yuan during the war with Yuan(元) during the Tran(Trần, 陳) Dynasty in Vietnam in the 13th and 14th centuries, as “King of Annam(安南國王)”. At that time, the Southern Song(南宋) conquest was carried out by Yuan and the conquest of Vietnam began, and discussions were being held on the side of the Tran Dynasty. Yuan made a strong demand for “Six Duties(六事)” against Vietnam at the time, of which it was strongly demanding “audience of the emperor(親朝)”. However, when the Tran Dynasty refused to do so, Khubilai appointed Tran Di Ai(陳遺愛), who had been dispatched as a Vietnamese envoy, to “King of Annam”. And this Yuan's move later affected Tran Ich Tac(陳益稷), and surrendered during the war between the two countries and was censured as “King of Annam”. Some argue that the reason for the surrender of Tran Ich Tac is to understand Yuan's internal situation. He also said that the reason for the surrender to Khubilai at the time was to protect the territory of the Tran Dynasty and the position of Jong-myo Shrine, but this was only a justification to unify the surrender of Tran Ich Tac and to satisfy the ambition he had brought before. However, it is noteworthy that the punishment for Tran Ich Tac was different from others in the process of punishing the surrender after the war and rationalized his surrender with the birth story, showing his influence within the Tran Dynasty, so inside Vietnam, Tran Ich Tac would not publicly inform him of the fact that he was accused of “king of Annam.”

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6

Kuttner, Fritz A. "Nochmals: die Steinzeit-Lithophone von Annam." Die Musikforschung 6, no. 1 (September 21, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.52412/mf.1953.h1.2730.

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7

Shige, Shoichi, and Christian D. Kummerow. "Precipitation-Top Heights of Heavy Orographic Rainfall in the Asian Monsoon Region." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 8 (July 13, 2016): 3009–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0271.1.

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Abstract Over coastal mountain ranges of the Asian monsoon region, heavy orographic rainfall is frequently associated with low precipitation-top heights (PTHs). This leads to conspicuous underestimation of rainfall using microwave radiometer algorithms, which conventionally assume that heavy rainfall is associated with high PTHs. Although topographically forced upward motion is important for rainfall occurrence, it does not fully constrain precipitation profiles in this region. This paper focuses on the thermodynamic characteristics of the atmosphere that determine PTHs in tropical coastal mountains of Asia (Western Ghats, Arakan Yoma, Bilauktaung, Cardamom, Annam Range, and the Philippines). PTHs of heavy orographic rainfall generally decrease with enhanced low- and midlevel relative humidity, especially during the summer monsoon. In contrast, PTHs over the Annam Range of the Indochina Peninsula increase with enhanced low-level and midlevel relative humidity during the transition from boreal summer to winter monsoon, demonstrating that convection depth is not simply a function of humidity. Instead, PTHs of heavy orographic rainfall decreased with increasing low-level stability for all monsoon regions considered in this study, as well as the Annam Range during the transition from boreal summer to winter monsoon. Therefore, low-level static stability, which inhibits cloud growth and promotes cloud detrainment, appears to be the most important parameter in determining PTHs of heavy rainfall in the Asian monsoon region.

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8

Daughton, James P. "Kings of the Mountains: Mayréna, Missionaries, and French Colonial Divisions in 1880s Indochina." Itinerario 25, no. 3-4 (November 2001): 185–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300015047.

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In the late nineteenth century, the distance from Qui Nhon to Kontum – a trip of about two hundred kilometers – was nearly insurmountable. The route most travellers took led from the port town in southern Annam out across a narrow coastal plain of cultivated fields before crossing rivers and gorges, and ascending rocky mountains. Then the path leveled out on a high plateau of extreme weather and dense forests where fever, tigers, and unwelcoming local communities intimidated even the hardiest of travellers. Though well within the borders of French-controlled Annam, there was little Vietnamese – and even less French – about these highlands. The region was inhabited almost exclusively by a variety of indigenous groups like the Sedang, the Bahnar, and thejarai, who were both ethnically distinct from the majority Vietnamese population of Annam, and politically independent from the emperor in Hué as well as the French colonial administration. The region was so isolated from the rest of the colony that Frenchmen invoked the Vietnamese name for the area, calling it the Pays Moï– ‘savages' country’ – and even the missionaries, the only Europeans to live in the region until the early 1900s, referred to their headquarters in Kontum as the ‘Mission des Sauvages’. It was an unlikely focal point for one of the most divisive controversies in the French empire.

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9

Pal, Ajay, Neeraj Medharthi, Anuradha Saini, Sapna Yadav, Anuj Kumari, and Nikita Pandit. "Concept of Yogic / Panchgavya diet and holistic health." IP Journal of Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Science 5, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijnmhs.2022.027.

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Health is a positive concept accentuating social and personal assets as well as physical and psychological aptitudes. According to World Health Organisation (WHO) health is defined as a “state of complete mental, physical, and social well-being and not only the abseeeism of disease or disability. Health brings “broadness”- nothing is missing from the person; it brings “proper functions”-everything is working proficientl. According to modern science the gross (physical) body is made up of packets of energy. The ancient scripture taitiraya upaniñad has mentioned that physical body is made of annam and the annam is called food; which consist of païcamahäbhüta. From many of the Scriptural and Scientific evidences it is clear that among all the diet pattern Panchgavya diet suits very well to human body for achieving Holistic Health.

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10

Haw, Stephen G. "The deaths of two Khaghans: a comparison of events in 1242 and 1260." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 76, no. 3 (July 23, 2013): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x13000475.

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AbstractThe sudden Mongol withdrawal from Hungary in 1242 has been explained by historians in several ways and no consensus about the reason has ever been reached. Contrary to some previously expressed opinions, it was not an unparalleled event: a similar withdrawal from a successful invasion of the Song empire in southern China occurred in 1260. The parallels between the events of 1242 and 1260 are instructive, and strongly suggest that the deaths of the Khaghans Ögödei, in 1241, and Möngke, in 1259, were the basic reasons for breaking off the campaigns. The full explanation is more complex, however. The Mongol invasions of Dali and Annam in the 1250s are also briefly examined, and it is pointed out that a Mongol army led by Uriyangkhadai successfully invaded Song from Annam in 1259, a fact that has often been overlooked.

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11

Anh, Dau Duc. "Un conflit « parlementaire » en Annam en 1928." Moussons, no. 32 (November 29, 2018): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/moussons.4343.

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12

Bollenot, Vincent. "Sylvain VENAYRE, Une guerre au loin. Annam." Revue d'histoire du XIXe siècle, no. 67 (December 1, 2023): 232–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rh19.9509.

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13

Qi, Li, and Yuqing Wang. "The Effect of Mesoscale Mountain over the East Indochina Peninsula on Downstream Summer Rainfall over East Asia." Journal of Climate 25, no. 13 (July 1, 2012): 4495–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00574.1.

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Abstract The mesoscale mountain over the east Indochina Peninsula, named Annam Cordillera, plays a key role in shaping the South China Sea (SCS) summer climate in both the atmosphere and the ocean. However, its effect is not limited to the SCS. Ensemble simulations using a high-resolution regional atmospheric model with or without the mountain reveals that the Annam Cordillera has a significant impact on regional climate as far as 3000 km over south and east China, and western Northwest Pacific (WNP). By blocking/lifting the warm and moist air from the Bay of Bengal, the Annam Cordillera forces upward motion and precipitation on the windward side and subsidence on the leeward side, and a low-level southwesterly jet to the southeast tip of the Indochina Peninsula over the SCS. The latter gives rise to coastal upwelling and cold sea surface temperature (SST) filaments in the western SCS, reducing surface sensible and latent heat fluxes and thus suppressing convection over the SCS. Heating associated with the orographic rainfall forces a low-level anomalous easterly over the SCS and an anomalous cyclone and anticyclone in the midlower troposphere to the south and north, respectively. The anomalous circulation modifies the low-level moisture transport, reducing rainfall over the SCS and to the east of Taiwan Island over the WNP, while increasing rainfall as much as 15%–30% in a southwest–northeast-oriented belt extending from south China to the East China Sea. The cold SST filaments in the western SCS enhance the orographically induced circulation; however, its effect accounts for less than 50% of the direct effect of the orographic lifting/blocking.

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14

Doan, Giang Le. "COCOCHINE SHISHIS WHO CAME TO JAPAN." Science and Technology Development Journal 15, no. 4 (December 30, 2012): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v15i4.1834.

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Every time the Journey-to-the-East Movement (known as the Đông Du Movement in Vietnamese) is mentioned, people quickly think of Phan Bi Châu and his comrades from Northern Vietnam/Tonkin and a part of Middle Vietnam/Annam called Thanh Ngh . Actually, the movement attracted many more patriotic scholars from Southern Vietnam/Cochinchina than those from Northern/Tonkin and Middle Vietnam/Annam. Many of them had suffered prison and exile or even died in prison or in remote countries. Scholars such as Trn Chánh Chiu, Nguyn Thn Hin, Trương Duy Ton, and Nguyn Háo Vĩnh were not only famous writers in the Southern Vietnamese/Cochinchinese literary and press world but also leading patriotic scholars in the Journey-to-the-East Movement. This paper will try to find out, amongst the patriotic scholars coming to Japan in the Journey-to-the-East Movement, who were from Southern Vietnam/Cochinchina, and what they did before, during, and after their visit to Japan. This finding will help to clarify a historical issue that has not been mentioned yet.

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15

Neviaski, Alexis. "L'audace du rail : les trains blindés du Sud-Annam." Revue Historique des Armées 234, no. 1 (2004): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rharm.2004.5565.

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Railways, though extremely vulnerable, are essential to the flow of economic goods and military supplies. It thus fell to soldiers to provide for their defence. Little known, but audacious, armoured trains proved to be an efficacious means to do this, evidenced by their actions in the war in Indochina and particularly in Southern Annam. The rail network was of crucial importance in this territory, for it formed the sole mode of communications. Dispositions were made to ensure the network’s integrity - but they lacked the essential tool to prevent the rail link being interrupted : an armoured train. The survival of these mobile fortresses was due to several trade-offs between their armour protection, speed and firepower. Placed at the service of the railway system, this combat asset undertook missions of all kinds : on the track (repair and maintenance), supporting outposts (in defence and resupply), and with other trains (escort and support duties). Participating in operations planned by the military staffs, the armoured trains were truly effective in the struggle against the guerrillas, generating a climate of insecurity around the railway line. Constantly in action, by day and night, they surprised and destroyed the Viet-minh through a combination of flexible manoeuvre by the troops they carried on board and the firepower of the train’s guns. Effective in a distant conflict, long-ago, are armoured trains purely a weapons-system of the past ? Assuredly not, for several of them made an appearance in the recent conflict in the former-Yugoslavia. Could armoured trains be useful in Western Europe, where they are currently non-existent ? Not right now -but this is an asset worth reconsidering as a counter to future terrorist attack against the railways.

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16

Jang, Anyoung. "Annam Drift Records and Narrative Characteristics of Jeju Koreans." ONJI COLLECTION OF WORKS 72 (July 31, 2022): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.16900/onji.2022.72.01.009.

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17

Ullendorff, Edward. "Two Ethiopic dirges on the deaths of Queen Anne (1714) and Queen Mary (1694)." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 6, no. 1 (April 1996): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300014735.

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In the summer of 1994 I received two communications from Mr Brad Sabin Hill, head of the Hebrew Section of the British Library. The first letter enclosed a copy of a Carmen Aethiopicum sive ‘әṭanä mogär whose most remarkable feature is that it is printed in Hebrew characters (“ob defectum Typorum, Literis Hebraicis expressum”). This composition of eleven lines forms part of a volume entitled Carmina Funebria & Triutnphalia Mis Serenissimam ac Desideratissimam Reginam Annam Deflet, Cantabrigiae MDCCXIV.

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18

Van Dung, LE, and DANG Hoang Sang. "CHAU VAN LIEM DURING THE CAMPAIGN TO ESTABLISH THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF VIETNAM IN 1930." Vinh University Journal of Science 53, no. 1B (March 20, 2024): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.56824/vujs.2023b138.

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The article focuses on clarifying role of Chau Van Liem (1902-1930), that as the highest leader of the Annam Communist Party organization in Cochinchina, has many urgent and responsible activities, making an important contribution to preparing the necessary facilities. necessary to accelerate the process towards the establishment of the only communist organization in Vietnam. At the same time, presented his contribution as one of the official delegates to the Conference to establish the Communist Party of Vietnam in 1930.

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19

Nguyen, Phuong-Khanh. "How to Conduct Research in Vietnamese Law: Overview of the Legal System of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam." International Journal of Legal Information 27, no. 3 (1999): 307–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500008726.

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The modern history of Vietnam indicates that the country has always had more than one legal system, whether the country was unified or divided. These systems have changed and been influenced by indigenous customs, by Chinese, French, American, and socialist laws, and by other political or violent events. For example, starting from the period when Vietnam was under French domination, the country had three separate sets of laws for its three geographical regions: 1) Tonkin in the North; 2) Annam in the Center; and 3) Cochin China in the South.

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20

Bonhote, J. Lewis. "On a Collection of Mammals made by Dr. Vassal in Annam." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 77, no. 1 (August 21, 2009): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1907.tb01797.x.

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21

Jennings, Eric T. "Đà Lạt, Capital of Indochina: Remolding Frameworks and Spaces in the Late Colonial Era." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 4, no. 2 (2009): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2009.4.2.1.

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This article explores how colonial officials carved Đà Lạt and Lang Bian Province out of the Empire of Annam. It chronicles the province's shifting boundaries, identity, and status in the colonial era. Gradually, Đà Lạt emerged as a colonial summer capital, in the mold of Simla in India. Then, circa 1937, colonial planners plotted to make it into Indochina's federal capital. This placed Đà Lạt at the core of a new federal vision, which culminated in the two Đà Lạt conferences of 1946. At both conferences, Đà Lạt was confirmed as the Indochinese federation's future capital, before events rendered such a federation obsolete.

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22

Papin, Philippe. "Terres Communales et Pouvoirs Villageois à la Fin du 19e Siècle Le cas du village vietnamien de Quynh Lôi." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 51, no. 6 (December 1996): 1303–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1996.410923.

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Les công diên et công thô, rizières et terrains collectifs et inaliénables, régulièrement répartis entre les villageois et qu'il est d'usage de désigner aussi sous le nom de terres communales, représentaient d'après une enquête officielle de 1931 près d'un demi-million d'hectares en Indochine, soit environ 3 % des terres en Cochinchine, 25 % en Annam et 21 % au Tonkin. Avant cette date, la question des terres collectives est complexe car si la documentation officielle — impériale ou coloniale — ne manque pas, on ne sait en revanche presque rien des conditions réelles de leur répartition « derrière la haie de bambous du village ».

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23

Smith, Malcolm A. "New or Little-known Reptiles and Batrachians from Southern Annam (Indo-Ohina)." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 91, no. 2 (August 21, 2009): 423–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1921.tb03271.x.

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24

Rohé, Niko. "Sylvain Venayre, Une guerre au loin. Annam, 1883. Paris, Belles Lettres 2016." Historische Zeitschrift 306, no. 1 (February 6, 2018): 246–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hzhz-2018-1057.

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25

Maya, Maya, and Shabin Shabin. "Annam Mata cha Brahma Remembering Amma(mother) Through the Kongu Food Culture." Southeast Asian Review of English 59, no. 2 (January 2, 2023): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/sare.vol59no2.8.

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Perumal Murugan is an acclaimed Indian novelist, essayist and poet who writes in Tamil language. He has been hailed by audiences and connoisseurs alike for his excellent storytelling, attention to detail and representation of the brutal realities of the rural agrarian communities of Kongu Nadu Despite the whirlpool of controversies and threats that surrounded Murugan’s life and writings, nothing has deluded him from the path of being a committed writer determined to use writing as a weapon to expose the societal inconsistencies. The present interview revolves around the role of food in his creative works. It includes a discussion of the various culinary traditions and food paradigms of his ancestral village, the reverence for food and environment amongst agrarian communities, the difference that food preferences create amongst people, and the entry of the fast-food culture due to globalization. Along with his other literary works, the interview also briefly discusses his memoir Amma, where Murugan recollects the cherished food memories of his childhood and also of his mother whose values and love for cooking have shaped both his identity and culinary preferences. Murugan’s penning or narrativizing of these memories through various creative forums has assisted in what David Sutton calls as “prospective memory” (163) aiding the process of how people plan to remember meals and how tasty they would be.

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26

Stuart-Fox, Martin. "The French in Laos, 1887–1945." Modern Asian Studies 29, no. 1 (February 1995): 111–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00012646.

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Laos constituted one of the five territorial entities making up French Indochina—comprising in addition the colony of Cochinchina and the protectorates of Annam, Tonkin and Cambodia. It was never, however, one among equals. Even before the annexation of Lao territories east of the Mekong river in 1893, Laos was perceived as little more than an extension of Vietnam west towards Siam (Thailand), a much more significant potential prize. The addition of minor extensions west of the Mekong demarcated by treaty in 1904 and 1907 still gave France no more than half the former Lao Kingdom of Lan Xang. Any possibility of reconstituting a greater Lao state was thereafter lost.

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27

Park, Sun-Mi. "Hangeul Education in Okcheon ‘Annam Mother School’ and the Meaning of Community Association." ASIAN COMPARATIVE FOLKLORE 71 (April 30, 2020): 103–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.38078/acf.2020.04.71.103.

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28

ROBINSON, HEBBEBT C., C. BODEN KLOSS, and C. BODEN KLOSS. "XXII. -On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part I. PHASIANIDae-CAMPOPHAGIDae." Ibis 61, no. 3 (April 3, 2008): 392–453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1919.tb02892.x.

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29

ROBINSON, HERBERT C., and C. BODEN KLOSS. "XXIX.-On Birds from South Annam and Cochin China. Part II. PYCNONOTIDae;- DICaeIDae." Ibis 61, no. 4 (April 3, 2008): 565–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1919.tb02899.x.

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30

Roudier, Philippe. "Les groupes aériens d’observation d’artillerie en Indochine." Revue Historique des Armées 261, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rha.261.0035.

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Héritiers des détachements aériens d’observation d’artillerie de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, trois groupes aériens d’observation d’artillerie (GAOA) sont employés durant la guerre d’Indochine. Il s’agit des 1 er puis 21 e GAOA, 2 e puis 22 e GAOA, 3 e puis 23 e GAOA, stationnés respectivement en Cochinchine, en Annam et au Tonkin ; seuls des détachements appartenant à ces unités servent au Laos et au Cambodge. Les missions confiées à ces groupes sont multiples, l’accompagnement des troupes et la reconnaissance à vue en sont les principales, où durant lesquelles, de nombreux réglages d’artilleries sont effectués renforçant la spécificité des GAOA : l’observation aérienne d’artillerie. Véritable observatoire aérien, « œil du commandement » , l’avion d’observation va être engagé dans toutes les opérations du conflit indochinois, et principalement dans la zone opérationnelle du Tonkin.

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31

Hruschka, Harald. "An artificial neural net attraction model (ANNAM) to analyze market share effects of marketing instruments." Schmalenbach Business Review 53, no. 1 (January 2001): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03396882.

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32

NG, PETER K. L. "Taxonomic notes on three species of Tiwaripotamon Bott, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) from Vietnam and China, one of which is new to science." Zootaxa 5476, no. 1 (July 4, 2024): 298–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5476.1.24.

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A new species of semiterrestrial freshwater crab, Tiwaripotamon nganima n. sp. is described from northern Vietnam. The gonopods of the new species most closely resemble T. annamense (Balss, 1914) originally collected from Phuc-Son in Annam, central Vietnam, but can easily be distinguished as it has the median lobe on the posterior margin of the epistome being more projecting, the male pleon is proportionately more quadrate and less wide, the basal part of the male first gonopod has the median part of the subterminal segment more strongly curved, and the outer surface of the basal part of the terminal segment of the male first gonopod is prominently swollen. The taxonomy of two species described from southern China, T. pingguoense Dai & Naiyanetr, 1994, and T. xiurenense Dai & Naiyanetr, 1994, is also clarified after re-examination of type specimens and photographs of the original material; both species are redescribed and refigured.

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33

Larcher-Goscha, Agathe, and Kareem James Abu-Zeid. "Bùi Quang Chiêu in Calcutta (1928)." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 9, no. 4 (2014): 67–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2014.9.4.67.

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This article studies the trip to India in late 1928 by Bùi Quang Chiêu and Dương Văn Giáo. These two Vietnamese leaders of the Constitutionalist Party had been invited to participate in the Forty-third Indian National Congress as the “delegates from Annam.” On this occasion, they solemnly affirmed Vietnamese solidarity with the Indian anticolonial cause. Using Bùi Quang Chiêu’s long travelogue published upon his return to Cochinchina, this article seeks to underline a paradox: the Indian non-cooperation movement was discovered and described enthusiastically by the leader of the main Vietnamese nationalist movement who was himself in favor of colonial collaboration with the French in Indochina during the interwar period. This essay analyzes this paradox and presents a mirror-like reflection on the internal breakdown of colonial nationalism in Indochina in the 1920s and how French colonizers undermined it from the outside in a never ending quest for docile Vietnamese interlocutors.

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34

Legrandjacques, Sara. "Go East! 1905 as a Turning Point for the Transnational History of Vietnamese Education." TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia 8, no. 2 (October 14, 2020): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/trn.2020.13.

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AbstractThis paper discusses the year 1905 as an educational watershed in colonial Vietnam. It focuses on the development of student mobility that transcended colonial and imperial boundaries and gave new momentum to educational training on a transnational scale. In the mid-1900s, the anti-colonial mandarin Phan Bội Châu launched a new nationalist movement called Đông Du, meaning ‘Going East.’ It centred on sending young men to Japan via Hong Kong to train them as effective anti-French activists. These students came from Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina and enrolled in a variety of curricula. Although this initiative collapsed in the late 1900s, it remained a watershed. Regional mobility did not disappear afterwards but mostly redirected itself towards China. This paper brings a great diversity of material face-to-face, including governmental archives and biographies, and challenges the colonial-based vision of Vietnamese education by highlighting its regional dimension, from the early twentieth century to the outset of the Second World War.

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V, Ramesh. "Cultural Traditions in Poet Meera's Free Verses." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-6 (July 30, 2022): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s635.

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Meera's poems are classical, verse, satire, poems, poets' forum, and short poems. He also made his mark in the world of journalism through "Annam Vidu Thoothu, Kavi, Om Shakthi, and Moota Magazine." He is the recipient of many distinguished awards. He is a professor, fighter, poet, essayist, journalist, publisher, printer, and founder of the press, who created various dimensions. In the Tamil literary tradition, free verse, a literary form, has been of great value and influence in the last century and the present century. There were many innovations and revolutions in the subject matter and the method of singing, and a number of new poems were created. Not only that, but free verses are also being created today about the cultural virtues, thoughts, human emotions, and humanities that should be possessed by man. In this way, this article explores the cultural norms of contemporary society found in the poems of Meera, who is the pioneer of new poetry.

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Anh, Đậu Đức, and Mai Thị Thanh Nga. "La Chambre des représentants du peuple de l’Annam face au projet de réformes des impôts du Gouvernement en 1938." Moussons 43 (2024): 111–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/120zt.

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Cet article présente un aperçu de la situation des impositions en Annam sous le régime colonial français et le projet de réforme des impôts personnels et fonciers élaboré par le gouvernement du protectorat en 1938. Il approfondit les recherches sur les actions menées par la Chambre des représentants du peuple de l’Annam qui ont mené au rejet de ce nouveau projet gouvernemental de réforme fiscale lors de la réunion annuelle de 1938 qui s’est déroulée du 12 septembre au 21 septembre à Huế. En outre, il analyse les causes subjectives et objectives du succès susmentionné. L'une des principales contributions des résultats de cette recherche est de montrer que la lutte parlementaire était une tactique pacifique et légale permettant au peuple colonial d’obtenir certains droits légitimes et démocratiques. Cet article contribue à éclairer le rôle et la position de la Chambre des représentants du peuple de l’Annam dans le mouvement patriotique et révolutionnaire au Viêt Nam pendant la période coloniale française.

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Keith, Charles. "Annam Uplifted: The First Vietnamese Catholic Bishops and the Birth of a National Church, 1919––1945." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 3, no. 2 (2008): 128–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2008.3.2.128.

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This article explores the place of the first Vietnamese Catholic bishops in the politics and society of late colonial Vietnam. It places the rise of these influential figures in the broader contexts of the decline of missionary Catholicism, the Vatican's push to form national Churches in Asia, and institutional and cultural changes in Vietnamese Catholicism during the interwar years. By doing so, the article explores the links between faith and politics in colonial Vietnam, showing how changes in Vietnamese Catholicism reflect a growing contestation of colonial rule and greater ties to global Catholicism that help explain the Church's place in Vietnamese society after independence.

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KRÁL, DAVID, YUANYUAN LU, and MING BAI. "Airapus rakovici (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Eupariini), a new species from Fujian, China." Zootaxa 4920, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4920.1.8.

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The genus Airapus Stebnicka & Howden, 1996 currently comprises 26 extant species distributed in the Australian and Oriental zoogeographical regions (Stebnicka & Howden 1996; Stebnicka 1998, 2009; Rakovič et al. 2019; Král et al. 2019; Minkina 2020) and one fossil species from the Eocene Baltic amber (Tamutis et al. 2017). Of the continental Southeast Asia, only three species have been known so far: Airapus cechovskyi Král, Mencl & Rakovič, 2019 (mainland Malaysia: Kelantan), A. tyri Král, Mencl & Rakovič, 2019 (Central Thailand: Phetchaburi Province) and A. sicardi ( Paulian, 1945) (Laos: “Cochinchine: Long Xuyen” and South Vietnam: “Annam: Tanh Hoa”) (Paulian 1945; Balthasar 1964; Král et al. 2019). Examination of the material housed in the collections of the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, revealed Airapus material belonging to an undescribed species. Its formal description is presented in this paper. This new species is another, fourth species occurring in mainland Southeast Asia. It is also the first country record from China. The geographical distribution of the genus is now known to the north as far as Fujian Province.

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Tran, Trong Duong. "From Confucianism to Nationalism." Asian Studies 8, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2020.8.2.165-183.

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This paper examines how political discourses have changed as scholars seek answers regarding the origins of the Vietnamese people. The origin(s) of the Vietnamese people has long been a subject of debate. Confucian scholars from the fifteenth to the nineteenth centuries claimed themself to be descendants of Han people, the successors of the Han civilization. The colonial scholars (from 1860 to 1945), when using the theory of race, anthropology, and social evolution theory, thought that the Annam people were a hybrid breed, still in the process of evolution, and needed to be enlightened civilized. Indigenous scholars combined the Han ideology of Confucianism and the ideology of the French to claim that the Vietnamese were the descendants of the Hùng Vương. This ideological transformation was aimed at calling for patriotism, fighting against the French, and defending the nation from colonial domination. The results reveal that the process of changing paradigms in Confucian thought through colonialism led to the formation of fictive kinship and the spread of nationalism in Vietnam.

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Zea, Zea, Hamdani Hamdani, and Romal Ijuddin. "EKSPLORASI ETNOMATEMATIKA KERAJINAN ANYAMAN "BELUNGKUR" PADA MASYARAKAT DUSUN PENJULUNG KECAMATAN TELUK KERAMAT KABUPATEN SAMBAS." Jurnal AlphaEuclidEdu 3, no. 1 (August 2, 2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/ja.v3i1.53174.

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The purpose of this study is to identify the mathematical concepts involved in the craft of weaving belungkur in the Penjulung Hamlet community in Teluk Keramat district, Sambas Regency. The research method used was a descriptive exploratory ethnographic method. The subjects of this study were 2 weaving belungkur artisans. The data in this study are the results of interviews, observations, and recordings. The results obtained from this study are that the numbers mentioned in regional languages include one meaning one, dua' meaning two, tige meaning three, ammpat meaning four, limma' meaning five, annam meaning six, tujoh meaning seven, lapan meaning eight, semilan meaning nine. and sepuloh meaning ten. The results of the study also found that the shape of the curved surface was in the form of a rectangle and at the edges of the bend there was also a triangular shape. Measurements using the limbs such as the length of the hand is dapa' and finger is kilan. All the results obtained can be integrated into learning math at school.

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Nhung, Nguyen Thi Tuyet. "The Vietnamese Migrant Community in Laos: Social Stratification and Diversity (1893–1945)." French Colonial History 21-22 (December 31, 2023): 139–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/frencolohist.21.22.2023.0139.

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Abstract As Vietnam and Laos share extensive and contiguous borders, there is a long history of Vietnamese migrations into Laos. From 1893 to 1945, the French colonial administration of Indochina brought many Vietnamese people to Laos, who later formed a large Vietnamese community there. Given Laos's small population, the French colonial government had to rely on the Vietnamese labor force to build a new colonial regime and infrastructure and exploit its natural resources. Most of these immigrants came from the more populated areas in Tonkin and Annam. They worked in various roles such as civil servants, soldiers, workers, or coolies depending on the needs of the French colonial government and business. While qualified civil servants, including interpreters, secretaries, teachers, nurses, and soldiers, earned better salaries and welfare, free workers and coolies were subject to low social status and hard working conditions. This article describes how the colonial system of wages and occupations contributed to social stratification and diversity within the Vietnamese migrant community and shaped migrants’ diverse responses to French colonial rule.

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TAPLEY, BENJAMIN, LUAN THANH NGUYEN, and MANH VAN LE. "A description of the tadpole of Megophrys "Brachytarsophrys" intermedia (Smith, 1921)." Zootaxa 4845, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4845.1.2.

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Megophrys Kuhl and Van Hasselt are an Asian radiation of terrestrial frogs which are usually associated with montane forest (Mahony et al. 2017). The Annam horned frog (Megophrys intermedia) is reported from montane evergreen forest in Vietnam and Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Stuart 2005; Hendrix et al. 2008; Nguyen et al. 2009; Tran 2013; Orlov et al. 2015; IUCN 2017; Mahony et al. 2017). The IUCN Red List assessment for the species reports an elevational range of 782–1500 m asl (IUCN 2017) although the type locality was reported to be above 1500 m asl (Smith 1921), and Tran (2013) collected a specimen at 1515 m asl. Megophrys intermedia is assessed as Least Concern (IUCN 2017) and little is known about the reproductive behaviour and life history of the species. In Lam Dong Province (Vietnam), male M. intermedia call in March (Tran 2013); on the Langbian Plateau (Vietnam), male specimens are reported to call by day and by night from March to May and specimens called from within deep crevices between boulders in streams (Smith 1921); in Xe Kong Province (Laos), males call or guard egg clutches that are laid in water in July (Stuart 2005).

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NG, HEOK HEE, and JÖRG FREYHOF. "Two new species of Glyptothorax (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from central Vietnam." Zootaxa 1873, no. 1 (September 10, 2008): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1873.1.2.

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Two new species of Glyptothorax are described from the rivers draining the Annam Cordilleras in central Vietnam. Glyptothorax filicatus n. sp. is distinguished from congeners in Indochina in having a diverging pattern of striae running along the edges of the central depression in the thoracic adhesive apparatus, and a combination of the following characters: dorsal spine length 13.7–15.1% SL, pectoral fin length 21.5–21.9% SL, length of adipose-fin base 13.3–15.0% SL, depth of caudal peduncle 8.4–8.8% SL, body depth at anus 15.1–16.0% SL, snout length 48.0–52.9% HL, eye diameter 8.9– 9.9% HL, anterior nuchal plate strongly demarcated in beige and caudal peduncle with a pale vertical band. Glyptothorax strabonis n. sp. is distinguished from congeners in Indochina in having a very small eye (6.2–6.5% HL), and a combination of the following characters: length of caudal peduncle 20.5–21.2% SL, depth of caudal peduncle 7.5–9.2% SL, body depth at anus 13.7–20.9% SL, head width 17.9–18.8% SL, presence of 14–16 serrae on posterior margin of pectoral spine, and coloration consisting of a dark-brown body with indistinct pale mid-lateral and mid-dorsal stripes.

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Nguyen, Kelly. "Phạm Duy Khiêm, classical reception, and colonial subversion in early 20th century Vietnam and France." Classical Receptions Journal 12, no. 3 (May 14, 2020): 340–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/crj/claa003.

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Abstract The tradition of the Vietnamese reception of classical literature has not yet been examined, and this article is the first to venture into this intersection between Classics and Vietnamese studies. In this article, I focus on Phạm Duy Khiêm (1908–74) and his use of Classics to translate and mediate his Vietnamese heritage to his French audience. Phạm lived during a particularly turbulent time in Vietnamese history: he experienced Vietnam as a French protectorate called Annam, he witnessed his compatriots defy French rule and win independence for Vietnam, and he saw the civil war that challenged that new independence. Throughout these changing political contexts, Phạm navigated the politics of polarity that separated the colonizer from the colonized as he struggled to make sense of these supposedly irreconcilable differences between the two, which contested his own intercultural identity. In this article, I argue that Phạm used his classical education and its cultural capital not only to explain Vietnamese culture to his French audience, but also to elevate it as equal, and perhaps even superior, to that of the French and their supposed classical inheritance.

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Sen, Anil Kumar, Lajwanti Keswani, Rajesh Kumar Malviya, Salil Kumar Jain, Parvati Kharadi, and Poonam Nagle. "Role of Ahara in prevention of Life Style Disorders w.s.r. to Ashtavidha Ahara Visheshayatana." Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 8, no. 5 (June 3, 2023): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.8.5.31.

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Ayurveda is the foremost life science and describes ways to prevent lifestyle disorders. Ayurveda is the world's ancient health care system. Lifestyle disorders are due to Poor life-style which includes; poor diet, poor eating habits, lack of exercise, Smoking, excess alcohol, poor sleep, stress due to heavy workload and increased consumption of unhealthy food. Ahara Dravyas can be considered under the category Dravyabhuta Aushadhi. So, the dietetic rules can be considered as Upaya or Adravyabhuta Aushadhi for Vikaraprasamana. The eight factors of diet responsible for health and diseases are described as “Ahara Vidhi Vishesha Ayatanani”. Ahara is considered as Mahabhaishajya (the superior medicine). Various life style disorders and numerous diseases occur due to faulty dietary habits which may be prevented by proper Ahara and eating habits. Ayurveda insists that Ahara should be chosen in accordance to the Prakriti or constitution of individual. The diet is regarded as Brahman as it holds such supreme importance. “Annam Brahmeti Vyajaanat”. In general terms food includes all the edible substances. The original source of living beings and their strength, complexion and Ojas is diet which consists of Six Rasas and those again depend on substances.

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Delacour, Jean, and Pierre Jabouille. "IX.-On the Birds of Quangtri, Central Annam; with Notes on others from other Parts of French Indo-China." Ibis 67, no. 1 (April 3, 2008): 209–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1925.tb02914.x.

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HELAIMIA, Rafika. "From Food (Bread) waste to Bioethnol Producation." International Conference on Pioneer and Innovative Studies 1 (June 20, 2023): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/icpis.885.

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A handful of studies and rough estimations confirm that roughly 1.3 billion tons of food get wasted. The staggering volume of food waste management has been shed light and constitutes a significant challenge because of -its environmental, social, and economic impacts. Recent estimates suggest that 8-10% of global greenhouse gas emissions are due to non-food conception, and the global economic costs of food waste have reached US$750 million per Annam. That is why Sustainable Development Goal 12.3 calls for the importance of food waste management. Wastes of bread represent an important fraction of retail food leftovers. If non-consumed food has been widely valorized in previous years, bread waste is nowadays increasingly of heightened attention. Bread waste can be a promising feedstock for producing bio-conversion value-added products. Recently, several technological methods have been reported for the possibility of transforming bread waste into eco-friendly materials such as ethanol, lactic acid, succinic acid, biohydrogen… etc. This study, based on recent research, sheds light on the possibility to convert food waste, especially bread leftovers into bioethanol by using waste bread as the sole source of nutrients for the growth of Aspergillus niger, which produces glucose, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which produces ethanol from glucose (i).

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Morris, Walter D., Paal-Helge Haugen, Gunnar Gerbeten,, and Rolf Inge Godøy. "Inga anna tid, ingen annan stad." World Literature Today 61, no. 2 (1987): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40143163.

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Boucher, Stéphanie, and Hirondelle Varady-Szabo. "Effects of different diets on the survival, longevity and growth rate of the Annam stick insect, Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae)." Journal of Orthoptera Research 14, no. 1 (January 2005): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1665/1082-6467(2005)14[115:eoddot]2.0.co;2.

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Fong, Jonathan J. "Linnaeus Fund Research Report: Conservation Genetics of the Yellow Pond Turtle (Mauremys mutica) and the Annam Leaf Turtle (Mauremys annamensis)." Turtle and Tortoise Newsletter 12, no. 1 (2008): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2744/1526-3096(2008)12[21:lfrrcg]2.0.co;2.

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