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1

McQueen, Sharon. "A Permanent and Significant Contribution: The Life of May Hill Arbuthnot." Children and Libraries 13, no. 2 (June 8, 2015): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/cal.13n2.13.

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May Hill Arbuthnot (1884–1969) was not a children’s librarian, nor did she teach children’s librarianship. She was not a scholar of children’s librarianship. How, then, did she come to have an entry in the biographical dictionary Pioneers and Leaders in Library Services to Youth among the pantheon of youth services legends that included Anne Carroll Moore, Augusta Baker, Mildred Batchelder, and Charlemae Rollins? Why did American Libraries include her among one hundred of the most important leaders of librarianship in the twentieth century? And why did ALA’s Children’s Services Division (now ALSC) agree to administer a lecture series named in Arbuthnot’s honor?
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2

Nikolenko, Olha. "FORMS OF INTERTEXT IN “ANNE OF GREEN GABLES” BY L.M. MONTGOMERY." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 60, no. 5 (December 14, 2023): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/6012.

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This paper analyzes different forms of intertext (biblical, artistic, and mythological) in L.M. Montgomery’s bestselling novel Anne of Green Gables in order to determine the novel’s intertextual connections with various phenomena of literature and art, and explore how the meanings of these intertextual elements are transformed in Anne of Green Gables as opposed to their original sources. While the plot of Anne Shirley’s growing up unravels locally (in a small Canadian town named Avonlea), it is also part of a broader cultural context, which is represented largely by intertextual means (direct and indirect quotations, allusions to the works by R. Browning, H.C. Andersen, W. Shakespeare, L. Carroll, W. Scott et al.). In this way, the author emphasizes Anne’s romantic worldview, her open-mindedness and vivid interest in literature, art and nature. By referencing the works of W. Shakespeare and S.T. Coleridge, L.M. Montgomery aims to further illustrate the motive of loneliness and abandonment as they are related to her heroine’s story (having lost her parents and spent the majority of her life in an orphan asylum). Biblical intertext also plays an important role when it comes to the relationship between Anne Shirley and Matthew Cuthbert. Different forms of intertext (literary, biblical, mythological) fulfil important functions in the text, especially in terms of creating multi-faceted characters, the social and cultural atmosphere of L.M. Montgomery’s era, and the various problems (social, moral, and artistic) discussed in her works.
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3

Ardis, Ann. "Making Middlebrow Culture, Making Middlebrow Literary Texts Matter: The Crisis, Easter 1912." Modernist Cultures 6, no. 1 (May 2011): 18–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mod.2011.0003.

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The Crisis was established in 1910 by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People at the behest and under the editorship of W. E. B. DuBois. Its earliest years of publication are distinctive, as Anne E. Carroll has argued, for their dual focus on ‘protest[ing] against racial injustice and…affirm[ing] the achievement of African Americans’. Both building on and taking issue with recent research on the Crisis by Carroll and Russ Castronovo, this essay offers a materially based, object-oriented account of how the Crisis engaged an aspirational black middle class readership—and sought to make middlebrow literary texts matter—in its Easter 1912 issue. Instead of employing the methodologies of author-based literary study, I read Charles E. Chesnutt's ‘The Doll’ and Jesse Fauset's ‘Rondeau’ in tandem with and in relation to the magazine's non-literary and commercial content. Doing so not only brings into high relief the Crisis's outreach to an aspirational black middle class. It also helps us recognize the magazine's interest in having its readers find beauty in both a barbershop and in literary forms that cannot—or rather, should not—be subsumed within expansive new definitions of modernism.
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4

Robinson, Edward L. "Anne Elizabeth Carroll, Word, Image, and the New Negro: Representation and Identity in the Harlem Renaissance." Journal of African American History 93, no. 4 (October 2008): 582–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jaahv93n4p582.

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5

Bush, Elizabeth. "Miss Moore Thought Otherwise: How Anne Carroll Moore Created Libraries for Children by Jan Pinborough (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 66, no. 8 (2013): 388–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2013.0222.

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6

Lefoe, Geraldine E. "Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice Editorial 9.2." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.9.2.1.

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With this second issue of Volume 9 of the Journal of Teaching and Learning Practice we bring a warm welcome to new members of the Editorial board. The board will be strengthened by their contributions. The Senior Editors are Associate Professor Geraldine Lefoe, University of Wollongong, Australia and Dr Meg O'Reilly, Southern Cross University, Australia. Our editorial board includes members of the host institution (University of Wollongong), Dr Lynne Keevers, Ms Lucia Tome, Associate Professor Greg Hampton, Dr. Michael Jones, Associate Professor Anne Porter, and Dr. Dominique Parrish. Our external board members include Ms Jude Carroll, Associate Professor Andrew Furco, Professor Terence Lovat, and Ms Carolyn Webb. We have particularly appreciated the support of the University of Wollongong’s Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academic) Professor Rob Castle who has recently retired. His patronage and support of our journal has seen it move from a small internal journal to a much larger international journal. He has been a great champion for teaching and learning in the local and national arena and his contributions to the institution and to the sector have been greatly valued. We wish him well in his retirement and know that he will continue his contributions to the sector in the years to come.
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7

FAREBROTHER, RACHEL. "The Lesson Which India Is Today Teaching the World: Nationalism and Internationalism inThe Crisis, 1910–1934." Journal of American Studies 46, no. 3 (March 23, 2012): 603–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875811001319.

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This article aims to test the limits of current assessments of the New Negro renaissance, which tend to emphasize either its investment in cultural nationalism or its Pan-African focus, by exploring the international contours ofThe Crisisunder Du Bois’s editorship. Recent analysis ofThe Crisishas paid considerable attention to the productive juxtaposition of what Anne Carroll has termed “protest and affirmation,” whereby Du Bois positioned reports on racial violence next to accounts of African American achievements in order to prompt acknowledgement of the realities of racism. But such criticism has focussed almost exclusively upon Du Bois’s treatment of American issues, overlooking his sustained interest in international cultural and political concerns. Focussing on the editorial framing of Indian nationalism, this article contends that the common distinctions drawn between internationalism and nationalism are too simplistic to accommodateThe Crisis's formulation of cultural nationalism by way of internationalism. Indeed, scrutiny of the magazine's formal texture, which stages dynamic interplay between poetry, short fiction, investigative journalism, photography, readers' letters and political cartoons, reveals tensions that animate Du Bois's project, not least his dependence upon colonialist ways of seeing and a narrative of racial unity across the African diaspora that serves to elide cultural and historical specificity.
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8

Gasman, Marybeth. "Faithful to the Task at Hand: The Life of Lucy Diggs Slowe by Carroll L. L. Miller & Anne S. Pruitt-Logan." Journal of College Student Development 54, no. 5 (2013): 554–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/csd.2013.0078.

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9

Schilbrack, Kevin. "John Clayton, Religions, Reasons, and Gods: Essays in Cross-Cultural Philosophy of Religion, Prepared for publication by Anne M. Blackburn and Thomas D. Carroll." International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 62, no. 3 (August 30, 2007): 173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11153-007-9143-8.

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10

Sowell, David. "Leah Anne Carroll. Violent Democratization: Social Movements, Elites, and Politics in Colombia's Rural War Zones, 1984-2008. Violent Democmtizations: Social Movements, Elites, and, Politics in Colombia's Rural War Zones, 1984–2008. By Leah Anne Carroll. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2011. Pp. xv, 464. Illustrations. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $45.00 paper." Americas 69, no. 02 (October 2012): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500002194.

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Sowell, David. "Leah Anne Carroll. Violent Democratization: Social Movements, Elites, and Politics in Colombia's Rural War Zones, 1984-2008 - Violent Democmtizations: Social Movements, Elites, and, Politics in Colombia's Rural War Zones, 1984–2008. By Leah Anne Carroll. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2011. Pp. xv, 464. Illustrations. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $45.00 paper." Americas 69, no. 2 (October 2012): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2012.0071.

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12

Helbling, M. "ANNE ELIZABETH CARROLL. Word, Image, and the New Negro: Representation and Identity in the Harlem Renaissance. (Blacks in the Diaspora.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 2005. Pp. xiv, 275. $45.00." American Historical Review 111, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 1201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.111.4.1201.

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13

PEARCE, JENNY. "Leah Anne Carroll, Violent Democratization: Social Movements, Elites, and Politics in Colombia's Rural War Zones, 1984–2008 (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2011), pp. xv+447, $45.00, pb." Journal of Latin American Studies 45, no. 2 (May 2013): 373–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x13000539.

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14

Hevel, Michael S. "Carroll L. L. Miller and Anne S. Pruitt-Logan Faithful to the Task at Hand: The Life of Lucy Diggs Slowe. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2012. 500 pp. Paperback $29.95." History of Education Quarterly 55, no. 4 (November 2015): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hoeq.12143.

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15

Arnold, Dan. "John Clayton, . Religions, Reasons and Gods: Essays in Cross‐Cultural Philosophy of Religion. Prepared for publication by Anne M. Blackburn and Thomas D. Carroll. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. xix+372 pp. $110.00 (cloth)." Journal of Religion 89, no. 1 (January 2009): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/595911.

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16

Coryell, Janet L. "Anna Ella Carroll and the Historians." Civil War History 35, no. 2 (1989): 120–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1989.0010.

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17

Murden, Robert A. "The Teaching Nursing Home. A New Approach to Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Care. Based on a Conference Held in Washington, D.C., March 25-27, 1984. Edward L. Schneider , Carroll J. Wendland , Anne Wilder Zimmer , Noel List." Quarterly Review of Biology 60, no. 4 (December 1985): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/414705.

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18

SHERRY, PATRICK. "John Clayton, Religions, Reasons and Gods: Essays in Cross-Cultural Philosophy of Religion, prepared for publication by Anne M. Blackburn and Thomas D. Carroll (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006). Pp. xix+372. $100.00; £55.00 (Hbk). ISBN 0521 42104 7." Religious Studies 44, no. 2 (May 2, 2008): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003441250800944x.

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19

Kahl, Mary Catherine, and Janet L. Coryell. "Neither Heroine nor Fool: Anna Ella Carroll of Maryland." Journal of Southern History 58, no. 1 (February 1992): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2210502.

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20

Vance, Linda, and Janet L. Coryell. "Neither Heroine nor Fool: Anna Ella Carroll of Maryland." American Historical Review 96, no. 3 (June 1991): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2162609.

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21

Venet, Wendy Hamand, and Janet L. Coryell. "Neither Heroine nor Fool: Anna Ella Carroll of Maryland." Journal of American History 78, no. 1 (June 1991): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2078167.

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22

Muller, Patricia. "Neither Heroine Nor Fool: Anna Ella Carroll of Maryland." American Journalism 8, no. 2-3 (April 1991): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08821127.1991.10731352.

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23

Constant, Samuel, Simone Tortoioli, Jessica Müller, and Jérôme Lacour. "An Enantioselective CpRu-Catalyzed Carroll Rearrangement." Angewandte Chemie 119, no. 12 (March 12, 2007): 2128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200604573.

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24

Constant, Samuel, Simone Tortoioli, Jessica Müller, and Jérôme Lacour. "An Enantioselective CpRu-Catalyzed Carroll Rearrangement." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 46, no. 12 (March 12, 2007): 2082–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200604573.

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25

Duncan, Richard R. "Neither Heroine nor Fool: Anna Ella Carroll of Maryland (review)." Civil War History 37, no. 2 (1991): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1991.0036.

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26

Revels, Tracy J., and C. Kay Larson. "Great Necessities: The Life, Times, and Writing of Anna Ella Carroll, 1815-1894." Journal of Southern History 72, no. 2 (May 1, 2006): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27649099.

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27

Phillipson, Chris. "Meredith Minkler and Carroll Estes (eds), Critical Perspectives on Ageing: The Political and Moral Economy of Growing Old, Baywood Publishing Company, New York, 1991. 362 pp. $36.95. paper $21.95. - Anne Jamieson, Home Care for Older People in Europe: A Comparison of Policies and Practices, Oxford Medical Publications, Oxford, 1991. 365 pp. £45.00." Journal of Social Policy 22, no. 1 (January 1993): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400019176.

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28

Turner, Nicholas, Christos Vaklavas, Emiliano Calvo, Javier Garcia-Corbacho, Jason Incorvati, Manuel Ruiz Borrego, Chris Twelves, et al. "Abstract P3-07-28: SERENA-1: Updated analyses from a Phase 1 study of the next generation oral selective estrogen receptor degrader camizestrant (AZD9833) combined with abemaciclib, in women with ER-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer." Cancer Research 83, no. 5_Supplement (March 1, 2023): P3–07–28—P3–07–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p3-07-28.

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Abstract Background: SERENA-1 (NCT03616587) is a Phase 1, multi-part, open-label study of camizestrant in women with ER+/HER2− advanced breast cancer. Parts A/B and C/D (escalation/expansion) examined camizestrant as monotherapy and in combination with palbociclib respectively and have been presented previously.1,2 Here we present data from parts G/H which examined camizestrant in combination with abemaciclib. Methods: The primary objective was to determine the safety and tolerability of camizestrant 75 mg once daily (QD) in combination with abemaciclib 150 mg twice daily (BID). Secondary objectives included investigation of anti-tumor response and pharmacokinetics (PK). Participants were previously treated women of any menopausal status (pre-menopausal women received this combination alongside ongoing ovarian function suppressors). Prior treatment with ≤2 lines of chemotherapy in the advanced setting was permitted. There was no limit on the number of lines of prior endocrine treatment in the advanced setting; previous treatment with CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) and fulvestrant was permitted. Results: As of 1st June 2022, 24 patients had received camizestrant in combination with abemaciclib with a median 7.7 month follow up. Tolerability of the combination of camizestrant and abemaciclib was consistent with that of each drug individually. No patient required camizestrant dose reduction. All camizestrant-related heart rate decreases were Grade 1 (asymptomatic). PK data for camizestrant in combination with abemaciclib were consistent with camizestrant as monotherapy and published abemaciclib steady-state PK data, indicating no clinically relevant drug-drug interaction. In these heavily pre-treated patients (46% prior chemotherapy, 75% prior CDK4/6i, 54% prior fulvestrant; all in the advanced disease setting) and of whom 67% had visceral metastases, the objective response rate was 5/19 (26.3%), the clinical benefit rate at 24 weeks was 16/24 (66.7%) and the median progression-free survival had not been reached, with 8/24 patients experiencing a progression event. These data support the use of camizestrant 75 mg QD combined with the approved abemaciclib dose. Conclusions: Camizestrant 75 mg QD in combination with abemaciclib 150 mg BID was well tolerated with encouraging clinical activity. The inclusion of this regimen in the ongoing Phase 3, SERENA-6 trial 3, of camizestrant combined with CDK4/6i versus an aromatase inhibitor, will further clarify the role of this combination in the treatment of patients with ER+/HER2− advanced breast cancer with tumors expressing ESR1 mutations. References 1. Baird R, Oliveira M, Ciruelos Gil EM, et al. SABCS 2020 Virtual Meeting. Abstract PS11-05. 2. Oliveira M, Hamilton EP, Incorvati J, et al. J Clin Oncol 40, 2022 (suppl 16; abstr 1032). 3. SERENA-6 trial. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04964934 We acknowledge Helen Heffron, PhD, from InterComm International who provided medical writing support funded by AstraZeneca. Citation Format: Nicholas Turner, Christos Vaklavas, Emiliano Calvo, Javier Garcia-Corbacho, Jason Incorvati, Manuel Ruiz Borrego, Chris Twelves, Anne Armstrong, Begoña Bermejo, Erika Hamilton, Mafalda Oliveira, Eva Ciruelos, Peter Kabos, Manish R Patel, Maria Borrell, Howard Burris, Bruno de Paula, Alejandro Falcon, Cristina Hernando, Irene Moreno, Ciara S. O’Brien, Elena Shagisultanova, Ivan Victoria Ruiz, Judy S. Wang, Mei Wei, Tim Brier, Danielle Carroll, Carmela Ciardullo, Lisa Gibbons, itziar irurzun-Arana, Tony Jack, bistra kirova, Teresa Klinowska, Justin Lindemann, Julie Maidment, Alastair Mathewson, Rhiannon Maudsley, Robert McEwen, Christopher Morrow, Andy Sykes, Richard D. Baird. SERENA-1: Updated analyses from a Phase 1 study of the next generation oral selective estrogen receptor degrader camizestrant (AZD9833) combined with abemaciclib, in women with ER-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-28.
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29

Maurer, Brian A. "A Primer of Conservation Biology Richard B. Primack Conservation and Biodiversity Andrew P. Dobson Conservation Biology George W. Cox Conservation Biology in Theory and Practice Graeme Caughley Anne Gunn Essentials of Conservation Biology Richard B. Primack Fundamentals of Conservation Biology Malcom L. Hunter, Jr. Principles of Conservation Biology Gary K. Meffe C. Ronald Carroll." Condor 99, no. 3 (August 1997): 845–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1370506.

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30

Constant, Samuel, Simone Tortoioli, Jessica Müller, David Linder, Frédéric Buron, and Jérôme Lacour. "Air- and Microwave-Stable (C5H5)Ru Catalysts for Improved Regio- and Enantioselective Carroll Rearrangements." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 46, no. 47 (December 3, 2007): 8979–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200704019.

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31

Constant, Samuel, Simone Tortoioli, Jessica Müller, David Linder, Frédéric Buron, and Jérôme Lacour. "Air- and Microwave-Stable (C5H5)Ru Catalysts for Improved Regio- and Enantioselective Carroll Rearrangements." Angewandte Chemie 119, no. 47 (December 3, 2007): 9137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200704019.

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32

Morrow, Christopher, Larissa Carnevalli, Richard D. Baird, Tim Brier, Carmela Ciardullo, Natalie Cureton, Mandy Lawson, et al. "Abstract P3-07-13: The next generation oral selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) camizestrant (AZD9833) is active against wild type and mutant estrogen receptor α." Cancer Research 83, no. 5_Supplement (March 1, 2023): P3–07–13—P3–07–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p3-07-13.

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Abstract Endocrine therapy forms the backbone treatment for patients with estrogen receptor (ER) positive tumors in both the adjuvant and metastatic setting. Aromatase inhibitors (AI) are the most common endocrine treatment option. Mutation of ESR1, the gene encoding ERα, is a common mechanism of resistance to AIs which leads to ligand independent activity of ERα. Camizestrant (AZD9833) is a next generation SERD and pure ER antagonist that is in Phase 3 trials (SERENA-4: NCT04711252; SERENA-6: NCT04964934). Here we report the preclinical and clinical activity of camizestrant in patients with ESR1 wild-type (ESR1wt) and mutant (ESR1m) tumors. The binding affinities of camizestrant, fulvestrant, and estradiol to wt ERα and ERα variants with mutations in the ligand binding domain were assessed. All three compounds exhibited reduced binding to mutant forms of ERα compared with wt ERα; the Y537S mutation had the greatest impact on binding. This was reflected in requirement for greater concentrations of camizestrant and fulvestrant to degrade and antagonize mutated ERα and to impact cellular proliferation in MCF-7 cells that expressed Y537S ESR1m compared to ESR1wt MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, while a 3 mg/kg dose of camizestrant achieved a maximal anti-tumor effect in a ESR1wt patient derived xenograft model, a 10 mg/kg was required for maximal effect in a D538G ESR1m model. Considering this difference between ESR1m and ESR1wt, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling of preclinical data predicted that a camizestrant dose of 75 mg would be maximally efficacious in patients with ESR1m tumors. Indeed, analysis of ESR1m circulating tumor DNA levels in patients from the SERENA-1 (NCT03616587) Phase 1 trial showed a clear effect of 14 days treatment with 75 mg camizestrant resulting in a >2-fold reduction in ESR1m variant allele frequency in 12/13 (92%) cases with complete clearance of ESR1m ctDNA in 7/13 (54%) cases. Interestingly, the clinical activity of camizestrant was higher in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic breast cancer with ESR1m tumors compared to those with no detectable mutation (ESR1m not detected). At a camizestrant dose of 75 mg, median progression-free survival was 8.3 months (maturity 12/15) in patients with ESR1m tumors compared to 5.6 months (8/9) in those with ESR1m not detected (data cut-off 6 October 2021). Camizestrant-induced ERα degradation was seen in both groups (mean reduction in H-score 42% in ESR1m tumors (n= 12 evaluable pairs) and 46% in tumors with ESR1m not detected (n=7)). Whole transcriptome analysis revealed a trend towards higher ERα activity at baseline in ESR1m tumors compared to ESR1m not detected; ERα activity reduced on treatment in both groups. Consistent with the clinical activity data, camizestrant induced more profound reductions in cell proliferation in ESR1m tumors compared to ESR1m not detected tumors (as seen by greater reductions in Ki67-positive tumor cells). These data demonstrate the activity of camizestrant in patients with ESR1m tumors. Clinical activity along with degradation and antagonism of the ERα is also seen in patients with tumors in which ESR1 mutations are not detected. In this heavily pre-treated Phase 1 patient population from SERENA-1, ESR1m may be a predictive biomarker to enrich for patients with maintained endocrine sensitivity. The SERENA-6 trial is investigating the efficacy and safety of camizestrant plus a CDK4/6 inhibitor in patients with metastatic breast cancer and detectable ESR1m. We acknowledge Helen Heffron, PhD, from InterComm International who provided medical writing support funded by AstraZeneca. Citation Format: Christopher Morrow, Larissa Carnevalli, Richard D. Baird, Tim Brier, Carmela Ciardullo, Natalie Cureton, Mandy Lawson, Robert McEwen, Myria Nikolaou, Anne Armstrong, Begoña Bermejo, Emiliano Calvo, Eva Ciruelos, Javier Garcia-Corbacho, Erika Hamilton, Jason Incorvati, Peter Kabos, Mafalda Oliveira, Manish R Patel, Manuel Ruiz-Borregó, Nicholas Turner, Chris Twelves, Christos Vaklavas, Danielle Carroll, Steven Ching, Nevena Cvetesic, Michelle DuPont, Lisa Gibbons, Alastair Mathewson, Rhiannon Maudsley, Pablo Morentin Gutierrez, Avinash Reddy, Jaime Rodriguez-Canales, Susana Ros, Dhivya Sudhan, Andy Sykes, David Whitson, Teresa Klinowska, Justin Lindemann. The next generation oral selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) camizestrant (AZD9833) is active against wild type and mutant estrogen receptor α [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-13.
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Swager, Timothy M. "One-Dimensional Metals. Conjugated Polymers, Organic Crystals, Carbon Nanotubes. By Sigmar Roth and David Carroll." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 44, no. 17 (April 22, 2005): 2473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200485170.

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Swager, Timothy M. "One-Dimensional Metals. Conjugated Polymers, Organic Crystals, Carbon Nanotubes. Von Siegmar Roth und David Carroll." Angewandte Chemie 117, no. 17 (April 22, 2005): 2527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200485170.

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35

Enders, Dieter, Monika Knopp, Jan Runsink, and Gerhard Raabe. "Diastereo- und enantioselektive Synthese von polyfunktionellen Ketonen mit benachbarten quartären und tertiären Stereozentren durch asymmetrische Carroll-Umlagerung." Angewandte Chemie 107, no. 20 (October 16, 1995): 2442–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19951072021.

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Enders, Dieter, Monika Knopp, Jan Runsink, and Gerhard Raabe. "Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Polyfunctional Ketones with Adjacent Quaternary and Tertiary Centers by Asymmetric Carroll Rearrangement." Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 34, no. 20 (November 3, 1995): 2278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199522781.

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37

Mendes Sousa, Daniele, Danielle Da Silva Rodrigues, and Suellen Cordovil da Silva. "FACES INSÓLITAS DA IARA." Téssera 4, no. 1 (January 16, 2022): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/tes-v4n1-2021-63535.

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Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a personagem Iara no conto “A Iara do Rio Santana”, no livro “Visagens, Assombrações e Encantamentos da Amazônia” (2019), de Walcyr Monteiro (1940-2019). A Iara é uma lenda que faz parte do folclore brasileiro; sendo assim, estudaremos sob uma perspectiva do gótico, insólito ficcional e o fantástico como modo. Além disso, buscamos embasamento nos estudos de Flávio Garcia (2012), que descreve o insólito como uma categoria ficcional comum a variados gêneros literários. Já para Marisa Gama-Khalil (2019) apud Furtado (2011), o fantástico é entendido como um modo que agrega textos e gêneros heterogêneos por meio de um aspecto em comum: o sobrenatural, integrando o conto de fadas, o gótico, o maravilhoso, o estranho, a ficção científica e outras modalidades. Para complementar nossa base teórica, serão abordadas as ideias de Noël Carroll, especialmente a obra “The philosophy of horror” (1990). Também serão contempladas as obras “Folk-lore Brésilien” (1889), de Frederico José de Santa-Anna Nery e “Lendas Brasileiras” (2015) e “Geografia dos Mitos Brasileiros” (2012), de Câmara Cascudo. Dessa forma, pretendemos explorar a pluralidade que envolve as narrativas dessa personagem pelo viés gótico. Iara é um ser insólito que habita os rios amazônicos, carregando uma assustadora maldição: seu canto hipnotizante e sua beleza mortal a transformam em uma ceifadora de homens, atraindo-os para o fundo das águas.
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Carter, Curtis L. "On the State of Dance Philosophy." Journal of Aesthetic Education 55, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 106–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jaesteduc.55.3.0106.

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Abstract What are Eric Mullis’s contributions to a pragmatist philosophy of dance? First, the work brings attention to aspects of dance in regional and religious contexts and to a selection of religious dance practices (Pentecostal and Quaker) not typically addressed in the literature of dance philosophy, thus adding to the current scope of dance studies. This book’s main strength with respect to pragmatist philosophies is its efforts to apply existing theories of pragmatism (James and Dewey, with commentary on Shusterman’s neopragmatist somaesthetics) to aspects of dance in a particular regional setting. This task is accomplished with three aspects of the research: ecological study of Pentecostal dance, pragmatism in a selection of its manifestations with connections to philosophies of dance, and performance. In the final chapter, the scope is broadened with summary references to alternative theories of dance philosophy and their interdisciplinary relations to dance studies using pragmatist philosophies. The remainder of this essay examines selection of past and current studies that inform the state of dance philosophy with the aim of gathering a broader perspective on the state of dance philosophy. While there is no established long-term tradition of dance philosophy, a generation of twentieth-century scholars—Cohen, Arnheim, Sparshott, Goodman, Van Camp, Banes, Carroll, McFee, Foster, and Fraleigh, among others—has advanced recent philosophical discussion of dance. Joining these are contemporary writers on philosophy of dance, such as Anna Pakes.
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Gómez Mundó, Anna, and Josep Casanovas Prat. "Orientaciones metodológicas para el análisis fílmico: su aplicación en un documental de 1928." RIDPHE_R Revista Iberoamericana do Patrimônio Histórico-Educativo 3, no. 1 (July 12, 2017): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20888/ridphe_r.v3i1.9277.

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En este artículo se muestran las aplicaciones de orientaciones metodológicas para analizar documentos audiovisuales. A partir del trabajo desarrollado por el grupo de investigación, se consiguió observar, recoger y anunciar unas bases metodológicas para el análisis de imágenes, unas bases que están estrechamente relacionadas con las concepciones epistemológicas que las y los investigadores adoptan para llevar a cabo su trabajo[1].Los análisis de documentos realizados posteriormente siguieron dichas indicaciones epistemológicas y metodológicas. A continuación, puede leerse cómo han sido aplicadas en un trabajo que estudia un documental del año 1928. La relación establecida entre las bases metodológicas y el documento a analizar es aquello que se pretende evidenciar, comentando el porqué de las decisiones tomadas durante el trabajo de análisis y estableciendo un diálogo con aquello que las fuentes artísticas aportan al análisis y articulación del discurso histórico.[1] El grupo de investigación está formado por Isabel Carrillo, Anna Gómez, Núria Padrós, Pilar Prat, Rosa Sambola y Jon Telford, siendo liderado por Josep Casanovas y Eulalia Collelldemont. El grupo forma parte del GREUV (Grup de Recerca Educativa de la Universitat de Vic).
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Hughes, Clair. "Kiera Vaclavik, Fashioning Alice: The Career of Lewis Carroll's Icon, 1860–1901 Rebecca-Anne C. Do Rozario, Fashion in the Fairy-Tale Tradition: What Cinderella Wore." Costume 54, no. 1 (March 2020): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cost.2020.0151.

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Balén, Julia. "Book ReviewsFinding the Movement: Sexuality, Contested Space, and Feminist Activism. By Anne Enke. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007.Power Lines: On the Subject of Feminist Alliances. By Aimee Carrillo Rowe. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 35, no. 1 (September 2009): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/599262.

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Prakash, Jai, Apul Goel, and Manish Garg. "Re: Anobel Y. Odisho, Anna B. Berry, Ardalan E. Ahmad, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Peter R. Carroll, Badrinath R. Konety. Reflex ImmunoCyt Testing for the Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer in Patients with Atypical Urine Cytology. Eur Urol. In press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2012.04.019." European Urology 62, no. 5 (November 2012): e87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2012.07.050.

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Carroll, Thomas M., Joseph A. Chadwick, Richard P. Owen, Michael J. White, Joseph Kaplinsky, Iliana Peneva, Anna Frangou, et al. "Abstract 1247: Comprehensive molecular profiling to predict first-line immunochemotherapy outcomes in inoperable esophageal adenocarcinoma." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-1247.

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Abstract For patients with inoperable esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), prognosis on conventional chemotherapy (CTX) remains poor. In 2021, the FDA approved two αPD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for addition to fluoropyrimidine/platinum-containing CTX in this first-line setting. As ICI+CTX enters the clinic, understanding ICI responses and predicting which patients will benefit from ICI addition are key challenges. To address these challenges, we assessed clinical and molecular profiles from the experimental LUD2015-005 trial (NCT02735239, EudraCT 2015-005298-19). Treatment consisted of an initial four-week ICI-only window with durvalumab (αPD-L1) with or without a single dose of tremelimumab (αCTLA-4), followed by 6 cycles of ICI+CTX (CapOx). 38 inoperable patients received treatment (35 EAC; 3 ESCC); median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 13.4 and 9.3 months, respectively. All patients reported at least one treatment emergent adverse event (TEAE), with 29 (76.3%) reporting grade 3 or higher TEAEs. EAC patients with available samples (n = 33) were taken forward for biomarker analysis, using tumor and adjacent normal biopsies collected at pre-treatment (PreTx), after four weeks of ICI-only (ICI-4W), and at the end of ICI+CTX (PostTx). Transcriptomic comparison of paired PreTx and ICI-4W EAC biopsies (n = 28) revealed ICI-induced upregulation of a novel T-cell inflammation signature (termed INCITE). Stronger INCITE upregulation correlated with greater tumor shrinkage during the ICI-only window, and tumors with minimal INCITE upregulation showed markers of ICI resistance, including Innate PD-1 Resistance (IPRES). Despite correlation with ICI-only responses, INCITE changes were not associated with overall ICI+CTX outcomes. To find predictive biomarkers of ICI+CTX outcomes, we conducted comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic profiling of PreTx EAC biopsies (n = 33). First, we generated a novel 65,000 cell scRNA-seq dataset and designed a deconvolution workflow to resolve tumor cell composition. Unexpectedly, monocyte composition was strongly linked with greater overall survival (OS) (HR: 0.40 [0.23-0.69]; p = 0.001; FDR = 0.047). Coding tumor mutational burden (TMB) was also associated with improved OS (HR: 0.50 [0.28-0.89]; p = 0.019). Multivariate modelling suggested monocyte composition and TMB were independent and complementary predictors of outcomes. Neither factor was associated with outcomes in a TCGA cohort of EAC patients not treated with ICI, suggesting these biomarkers may be specific to ICI or ICI+CTX. Our findings suggest monocyte composition and TMB may identify EAC patients likely to benefit from ICI+CTX. INCITE upregulation may also serve as a useful monitor of ICI efficacy. These timely findings further our understanding of ICI response and resistance and may help inform patient selection for ICI+CTX. Citation Format: Thomas M. Carroll, Joseph A. Chadwick, Richard P. Owen, Michael J. White, Joseph Kaplinsky, Iliana Peneva, Anna Frangou, Jaeho Chang, Phil F. Xie, Andrew Roth, Bob Amess, Hantao Lou, Katy J. McCann, Georgina Berridge, Roman Fischer, Chansavath Phetsouphanh, Ayo O. Omiyale, Brittany-Amber Jacobs, David Ahern, Simon R. Lord, Stewart Norris-Bulpitt, Sam T. Dobbie, Lucinda Griffiths, Kristen Aufiero Ramirez, Toni Ricciardi, Mary J. Macri, Aileen Ryan, Ralph R. Venhaus, Benoit J. Van den Eynde, Ioannis Karydis, Benedikt M. Kessler, Benjamin Schuster-Böckler, Mark R. Middleton, Xin Lu. Comprehensive molecular profiling to predict first-line immunochemotherapy outcomes in inoperable esophageal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1247.
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Schuurman, Anton, Federico D’Onofrio, Anna-Maria Stagno, Ramon Ramon-Muñoz, Grazia Sciacchitano, Pilar Calvo Caballero, Ángel Paniagua, et al. "Book reviews - Crítica de libros - Crítica de livros (Historia Agraria, 76)." Historia Agraria. Revista de agricultura e historia rural, no. 76 (November 28, 2018): 253–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.26882/histagrar.076r08s.

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Book reviews - Crítica de libros - Crítica de livros Niek Koning. Food Security, Agricultural Policies and Economic Growth: Longterm. Dynamics in the Past, Present and Future. London/New York, Routledge, 2017, 276 pp. Anton Schuurman Monica Ferrari, Gianpiero Fumi and Matteo Morandi (Eds.). Formare alle professioni: I saperi della cascina. Milano, FrancoAngeli, 2016, 272 pp. Federico D’Onofrio Franco Cazzola. Contadini e agricoltura in Europa nella prima età moderna (1450-1650). Bologna, CLUEB, 2014, 376 pp. Anna-Maria Stagno Juan Infante. ¿Quién levantó los olivos? Historia de la especialización olivarera del sur de España (ss. XVIII-XX). Madrid, Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, 2014, 348 pp. Ramon Ramon-Muñoz Simone Misiani y Cristóbal Gómez Benito (Eds.). Construyendo la nación: Reforma agraria y modernización rural en la Italia del siglo XX. Zaragoza, Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza, 2017, 538 pp. Grazia Sciacchitano Miguel Martín-Albo Lucas. Las organizaciones de agricultores y propietarios agrícolas en la España del siglo XIX: Economía, política y sociedad. Madrid, Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, 2016, 777 pp. Pilar Calvo Caballero Egidio Moya (Coord.). La colonización rural en la provincia de Jaén durante la edad contemporánea. Granada, Comares, 2017, 240 pp. Ángel Paniagua Óscar Martín Estallo. Las pardinas del río Asabón: Crónicas de un mundo olvidado. Huesca, Diputación Provincial de Huesca, 2017, 216 pp. Carmen Gallego Ranedo Pau Viciano. Més enllà de la senyoria: Mercat i impostos a la Plana de Castelló (segles XIV-XV). Catarroja, Afers, 2017, 250 pp Carles Rabassa Vaquer Noemí M. Girbal-Blacha, María Inmaculada López Ortiz y Sonia Regina de Mendonça (Coords.). Agro y política a uno y otro lado del Atlántico. Buenos Aires, Imago Mundi, 2016, 192 pp. Miguel Ángel del Arco Blanco Antonio Escobar, Zulema Trejo y José Alfredo Rangel (Coords.). El mundo rural mexicano en la transición del siglo XIX al siglo XX. México DF, CIESAS/El Colegio de San Luis/IRD, 2017, 404 pp. Cecilia A. Fandos Romana Falcón. El jefe político: Un dominio negociado en el mundo rural del Estado de México, 1856-1911. México DF, El Colegio de México/CIESAS/El Colegio de Michoacán, 2015, 744 pp. Salvador Cruz-Artacho Pablo F. Luna. El tránsito de la Buenamuerte por Lima: Auge y declive de una orden religiosa azucarera, siglos XVIII y XIX. Madrid/Frankfurt/Pamplona, Iberoamericana/Vervuert/Universidad de Navarra, 2017, 424 pp. Ofelia Rey Castelao Justo Cuño y Germán Carrillo (Comps.). Historia agraria y políticas agrarias en España y América Latina desde el siglo XIX hasta nuestros días. Madrid, Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, 2017, 509 pp. Ricardo Robledo José Antonio Piqueras (Ed.). Plantación, espacios agrarios y esclavitud en la Cuba colonial. Castelló de la Plana, Universitat Jaume I, 2017, 544 pp. José-Miguel Lana
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Gustafsson, K., A. Cronström, O. Rolfson, E. Ageberg, and T. Jönsson. "POS0796-HPR ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PAIN REDUCTION AFTER PARTICIPATION IN FIRST-LINE OSTEOARTHRITIS MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS AND PROGRESSION TO JOINT REPLACEMENT: A REGISTER-BASED STUDY OF 44588 PATIENTS WITH HIP OR KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 691–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.695.

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BackgroundFirst-line treatment for people with hip and knee OA is education, exercise, and if needed weight control. It has been shown that people participating in first-line treatment experience positive effects on outcomes such as pain (1-3), health-related quality of life, self-efficacy, and function (3), and may postpone the need for total joint replacement [4]. However, it is still unclear if the results from first-line treatment are associated with progression to joint replacement.ObjectivesTo investigate the association between changes in pain after participation in first-line OA management programs and progression to joint replacement in persons with hip and knee OA.MethodsAn observational register-based study. Data from the BOA register was merged with data from the Swedish Arthroplasty Register. The primary prognostic factor was the change in pain between baseline and 3-month follow-up. The pain was measured on a numeric rating scale (NRS). The NRS pain comprises an 11-point scale where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst possible pain during the last week. In the current study, pain change was categorized into a) much better (≥2 steps of improvement), b) slightly better (1 step of improvement), c) no change in pain, d) slightly worse (1 step of deterioration) and e) much worse (≥2 steps of deterioration). The main outcome was progression to joint replacement. A Cox regression model was applied to investigate the association between changes in pain and progression to joint replacement and presented with Hazard ratios (HR).ResultsAmong patients with hip and knee OA, respectively, 26% (n=3555/13876) and 9% (n=2686/30712) progressed to joint replacement. An improvement in pain was associated with a lower probability of progression to surgery while patients who got worse in pain had an increased probability (Table 1).ConclusionProgression to joint replacement after participation in first-line treatments for hip and knee OA is influenced by the change in pain intensity. This implies that patients should participate in first-line treatment before being referred to joint replacement.References[1]Coleman S, Briffa NK, Carroll G, Inderjeeth C, Cook N, McQuade J. A randomised controlled trial of a self-management education program for osteoarthritis of the knee delivered by health care professionals. Arthritis research & therapy. 2012;14(1):R21.[2]Jonsson T, Eek F, Dell’Isola A, Dahlberg LE, Ekvall Hansson E. The Better Management of Patients with Osteoarthritis Program: Outcomes after evidence-based education and exercise delivered nationwide in Sweden. PloS one. 2019;14(9):e0222657.[3]Hansson EE, Jonsson-Lundgren M, Ronnheden AM, Sorensson E, Bjarnung A, Dahlberg LE. Effect of an education programme for patients with osteoarthritis in primary care--a randomized controlled trial. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2010;11:244.[4]Skou ST, Roos EM, Laursen MB, Rathleff MS, Arendt-Nielsen L, Simonsen O, et al. A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Total Knee Replacement. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(17):1597-606.Characters from table content including title:Table 1.Progression to joint replacement among patients participating in first-line OA intervention, depending on the effect of treatment on change of pain from baseline to 3 months follow-up.Hip OAKnee OAPain change on NRSCrude HR (95% CI)Adjusted HRa(95% CI)Crude HR (95% CI)Adjusted HRa(95% CI)No change in painReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceMuch better0.5 (0.4-0.5)0.4 (0.3-0.4)0.6 (0.6-0.7)0.5 (0.4-0.5)Slightly better0.7 (0.7-0.8)0.6 (0.6-0.7)0.9 (0.8-1.0)0.9 (0.8-1.0)Slightly worse1.1 (1.0-1.2)1.1 (1.0-1.3)1.3 (1.1-1.5)1.5 (1.3-1.7)Much worse1.2 (1.1-1.3)1.7 (1.5-1.9)1.3 (1.1-1.5)1.9 (1.6-2.1)Disclosure of InterestsKristin Gustafsson: None declared, Anna Cronström: None declared, Ola Rolfson Consultant of: Yes, Novartis advisory board, Grant/research support from: Yes, instituational support, Eva Ageberg: None declared, Therese Jönsson: None declared.
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Lightowlers, Sara, Maria Roman-Escorza, Elena Provenzano, Judith Bliss, Jason Carroll, H. Y. Charlie Chan, Clare Griffin, et al. "Abstract PO5-22-04: Genomic analysis of local recurrences following risk adapted breast radiotherapy in the IMPORT trials defines 'true recurrences' and 'new primaries'." Cancer Research 84, no. 9_Supplement (May 2, 2024): PO5–22–04—PO5–22–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs23-po5-22-04.

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Abstract Background: Most ipsilateral breast tumor recurrences (IBTR) following breast conserving surgery occur near the tumor bed (Veronisi et al, Ann Oncol 2001) and are considered to represent ‘true recurrence’ (derived from residual malignant cells of the index cancer). A smaller number occur elsewhere in the breast and are thought to be ‘new primaries’ (independently occurring cancer). The IMPORT LOW (Coles et al, The Lancet 2017) and IMPORT HIGH (Coles et al, The Lancet 2023) trials investigated adaptation of radiotherapy dose-volume to this spatially varying risk, testing partial breast irradiation and simultaneous integrated boost in patients with tumors at low and high risk of IBTR respectively. We analysed genomic relationships between index cancers and recurrences in these trials, to ascertain the frequency of true recurrences and unrelated new primaries, and their spatial distribution. Methodology: FFPE blocks were obtained from 137 patients who developed subsequent ipsi- or contralateral breast cancer: 66 from IMPORT HIGH and 71 from IMPORT LOW (4 with bilateral second cancers). DNA extracted from index and subsequent cancers underwent shallow whole genome sequencing (sWGS) using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 system. Copy number profiles were derived from sWGS data using the R package QDNAseq(Scheinin et al, Genome Res 2014); those that failed QC criteria were removed. Relatedness of tumor pairs was determined using the R package Breakclone (Lips et al, Nat Genet 2022). This approach uses individual copy number aberration breakpoint position rather than events at chromosomal arm level. The p value cutoff for relatedness was 0.01; values between 0.01 and 0.05 were considered ambiguous. Researchers were blinded to clinical information prior to results. Results: In 80/137 tumor pairs both copy number profiles met QC criteria and clonal relationship could be ascertained. In total 26/80 were considered related, 20/80 ambiguous and 34/40 non-related (Table 1). 16/26 ipsilateral subsequent cancers in IMPORT HIGH were clonally related to the primary tumor and could be considered true recurrences. In 5/26 it was impossible to accurately call clonality as pairs shared only common copy number changes such as 1q or 8q gain and 16q loss. 5/26 were considered new primaries. In the lower risk IMPORT LOW cohort, subsequent cancers appear to have similar chances of being related or independent. As expected, most contralateral tumors in IMPORT LOW showed no evidence of a clonal relationship to the index tumors. In both trials an ambiguous subgroup of pairs shared some common copy number changes suggesting similar phenotype.5/14 contralateral tumors in IMPORT HIGH, in which some women were also at high risk of systemic relapse, shared very similar copy number profiles to the index tumor and may be metastases rather than new primaries. Discussion: A considerable number of tumors classed as IBTR appear genomically unrelated to the index cancer particularly in low risk cancer; this biology is relevant to clinical management both initially and at ‘recurrence’. The finding that 5/14 contralateral cancers in the high risk group appear to be clonally related suggests that some may be metastases. Results are being confirmed by targeted sequencing and will be correlated with recorded spatial and clinicopathological data and patient outcome. Future work will analyse spatial relationships more precisely using deformable image registration. *From the 77 patients with baseline circulating tumor DNA samples, 2 patients were excluded because their samples failed during assay quality control. Table. PIK3CA and ESR1 alterations detected in circulating tumor DNA at baseline and post abemaciclib treatment Citation Format: Sara Lightowlers, Maria Roman-Escorza, Elena Provenzano, Judith Bliss, Jason Carroll, H Y Charlie Chan, Clare Griffin, Joanne Haviland, Monica Jefford, Anna Kirby, Navita Somaiah, Mark Sydenham, Jenny Titley, John Yarnold, Charlotte Coles, Elinor Sawyer. Genomic analysis of local recurrences following risk adapted breast radiotherapy in the IMPORT trials defines 'true recurrences' and 'new primaries' [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO5-22-04.
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Odisho, Anobel Y., Anna B. Berry, Ardalan E. Ahmad, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Peter R. Carroll, and Badrinath R. Konety. "Reply to Jai Prakash, Apul Goel and Manish Garg's Letter to the Editor re: Anobel Y. Odisho, Anna B. Berry, Ardalan E. Ahmad, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Peter R. Carroll, Badrinath R. Konety. Reflex ImmunoCyt Testing for the Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer in Patients with Atypical Urine Cytology. Eur Urol. In press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2012.04.019." European Urology 62, no. 5 (November 2012): e88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2012.08.019.

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Alban Meneses, Consuelo de Jesús, Víctor Manuel Sellan Icaza, and Consuelo Lorena Moran Alban. "La salud en los pueblos indígenas: atención primaria e interculturalidad." Minerva 1, no. 3 (December 8, 2020): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/minerva.v1i3.14.

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Las naciones y pueblos indígenas presentan preocupantes índices respecto a la salud, así como otras carencias como la pérdida de sus tierras, la alimentación, la educación y, en general, el ejercicio de sus derechos, consagrados por organizaciones internacionales como la ONU y la OMS-OPS. En Ecuador, de acuerdo con el orden jurídico constitucional, se han instrumentado políticas de salud que incluyen el lineamiento general de un enfoque intercultural de la atenciónprimaria que incorpora los saberes y prácticas ancestrales. Mediante una revisión documental se examina la situación actual de la salud y la atención primaria entre las etnias indígenas del Ecuador. De este análisis se desprenden consideraciones para las políticas públicas de salud, la formación intercultural de los profesionales de los equipos de salud y, en especial, la articulación de las creencias, saberes y prácticas de la cultura de las etnias para la atención primaria de salud. Palabras Clave: Etnia, nacionalidad indígena, pueblo indígena, derecho a la salud, atención primaria. Referencias [1]Asamblea General de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, «Resolución 48/134 de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de los pueblos y naciones indígenas,» de Asamblea General Resolución 48/134, New York, 2009. [2]Organización Panamericana de la Salud, «Derechos Humanos y Salud de los pueblos indígenas,» Organización Panamericana de la Salud, New York, 2008. [3]Alto Comisionado para los Derechos Humanos de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los derechos de los pueblos indígenas. Manual para las instituciones nacionales de Derechos Humanos, Nueva York: Alto Comisionado de los Derechos Humanos de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, 2013. [4]C. Torres Parodi y M. Bolis, «Evolución del concepto etnia/raza y su impacto en la formulación de políticas públicas para la equidad,» Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, vol. 22, nº 3, pp. 405-414, 2007. [5]IIDH-OPS, «Salud indígena y derechos humanos,» OPS, Quito, 2006. [6]Organización Panamericana de la Salud, «Iniciativa de la Salud para los Pueblos Indígenas. Lineamientos estratégicos. Plan de acción 2003-2007,» Organización Mundial de la Salud, Quito, 2003. [7]Consejo Mundial de las Iglesias, «Segunda Asamblea Mundial de la Salud de los Pueblos,» Consejo Mundial de las Iglesias, Quito, 2005. [8]Grupo Internacional de Trabajo sobre asuntos indígenas, Instituto de Promoción de Estudios Sociales, Fundación Diversidad, «El Derecho a la Salud de los pueblos indígenas en aislamiento y en contacto inicial,» Grupo Internacional de Trabajo sobre Asuntos Indígenas, Quito, 2007. [9]Organización Panamericana de la Salud, «Salud de los pueblos indígenas de las Américas,» OPS, Quito, 1998. [10]Organización Inernacional del Trabajo, «Convenio número 169 de la OIT. sobre pueblos indígenas y tribales: hacia un futuro inclusivo, sostenible y justo.,» OIT, New York, 2019. [11]L. Almeida Vera, «Fundamentación del modelo de gestión intercultural ecuatoriana en la atención primaria desalud,» Medisam, vol. 8, nº 18, pp. 46-61, 2014. [12]Organización Internacional del Trabajo, «Implementación del Convenio núm 169 de la OIT sobre los pueblos indígenas y tribales: Hacia un futuro inclusivo, sostenible y justo,» OIT, New York, 2019. [13]C. Eysaguirre, Proceso de incorporación de la medicina tradicional, alternativa y complementaria en las prácticas oficiales de la salud. Tesis Magister Antropología, Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. [14]Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación (FAO), «Sobre la salud y la seguridad de los pueblos indígenas en riesgo debido al coronavirus (COVID 19),» FAO, New York, 2020. [15]Enlace Continental de Mujeres Indígenas de las Américas (ECMIA), Alianza de Mujeres Indígenas de Centroamérica y México (AMICAM), Red de Mujeres Indígenas Asiáticas (AIWAN), Organización de Mujeres Indígenas Africanas (AIWO), «Llamado colectivo de las mujeres indógenas ante el COVID 19. Foro Internacional de Mujeres Indígenas,» ONU, New York, 2020. [16]Laboratorio de interculturalidad FLACSO Ecuador, Etnohistoria de los pueblos y nacionalidades originarias del Ecuador, Quito: FLACSO Ecuador, 2015. [17]UNICEF, Nacionalidades y pueblos indígenas. Políticas interculturales en Ecuador, Quito: UNICEF, 2009. [18]República del Ecuador, «Constitución de la República del Ecuador,» de 2008, Quito, 2008. [19]S. Ramírez Hita, «Políticas de salud basadas en el concepto de multiculturalidad: los centros de salud intercultural en el altiplano boliviano,» Avá Revista de Antropología, vol. 14, nº 2, pp. 1-28, 2009. [20]E. Arteaga, M. San Sebastián y A. Amores, «Construcción participativa de indicadores de la implementación del modelo de salud intercultural en el cantón Loreto, Ecuador,» Saúde em Debate, vol. 36, nº 94, pp. 402-413, 2012. [21]L. Véliz Rojas, A. Bianchetti Saavedra y M. Silva Fernández, «Competencias interculturales en la atención primaria de salud: un desafío para la educación superior frente a contextos de diversidad cultural,» Cuadernos de Saúde Pública, vol. 35, nº 1, pp. 62-71, 2019. [22]C. Walsh, Interculturalidad: Estado, sociedad: luchas decoloniales de nuestra época, Quito: Abya Yala UASB, 2015. [23]E. Ortiz Prado y G. Ceballos Serra, «Marco estratégico para la protección de los pueblos indígenas en aislamiento voluntario y contacto inicial. Consultoría sobre situación de salud de los pueblos indígenas en aislamiento y contacto inicial en el Ecuador,» Organización del Tratado de Cooperación Amazónica, Quito, 2014. [24]J. Betancurt, A. Green, J. Carrillo y Anane-Firempong, «Defining Cultural competence: a practical framework for adressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care,» Public Health, vol. 118, nº 2, pp. 293-302, 2016. [25]R. Ceballos, A. Amores y R. Rojas, Prestación de servicios de salud en zonas con pueblos indígenas, Quito: Programa Regional de Salud de los Pueblos Indígenas, 2009. [26]L. Pereira de Melo, «A contemporaneidade da teoría do cuidado cultural de Madeleine Leininger: una perspectiva geohistórica,» Ensaios e Ciencia: ciencias biológicas, agrarias e da Saúde, vol. 14, nº 2, pp. 21-32, 2010. [27]C. Rohrbach-Viadas, «Introducción a la teoría de los cuidados culturales enfermeros de la diversidad y la universalidad de Madeleine Leininger,» Revista Cultura del cuidado, vol. 2, nº 3, pp. 32-46, 1998. [28]O. Aguilar Guzmán, I. Carrasco González, M. García Piña, A. Saldívar y R. Ostiguín Meléndez, «Madeleine Leininger: análisis de sus fundamentos teóricos,» Revista de Enfermería Universitaria, vol. 4, nº 2, pp. 26-32, 2007.
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Arboleda, Julio César. "Educación conciente, otredad y ciudadanía digital." Revista Boletín Redipe 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2023): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36260/rbr.v12i7.1979.

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DE LA PROPIEDAD A LA OTREDAD EN LA COMUNIDAD ESCOLAR: EL CUIDADO COMÚN. Rosa Martha Gutiérrez Rodríguez, Departamento de Investigación Educativa UNAM-FES Acatlán. Manifiesta que la educación para el el cuidado del otro es cada vez más un asunto prioritario que abarca los ámbitos en los que se desarrolla la vida y que se reconoce institucionalmente como Educación ambiental. Tratándose de un tema emergente que nos encara con la degradación del planeta, pareciera que se limita sólo al desarrollo de acciones encaminadas a la preservación del agua y la naturaleza; no obstante, para realizar acciones de carácter socio-ambiental se hace necesario recuperar el sentido de la otredad desde la propiedad de los sujetos, la atención comunitaria y el sentido de pertenencia desde la propia visión de los sujetos que preservan la vida y el bienestar de los otros y de lo propio. Desde esta posición se recupera el pensamiento de Leonardo Boff por el valor ético-ontológico de lo que se es y de lo que puede entenderse como virtud del ser en su relación con la vida en sus distintas formas y manifestaciones. ENSEÑAMOS LO QUE SOMOS: HACIA UNA EDUCACIÓN CONSCIENTE Trinidad Lara Daganzo, IES (Instituto de Educación Secundaria) Villablanca, Madrid, España. Pone de presente que al asumirse el educar como sinónimo de instruir o acumular conocimientos que nos ayudan a dar continuidad a los imperativos sociales (acumular mucho y rápido), estamos hablando del enfoque no esencial superficial, competencial o pragmático, de la educación. Es una parte, pero no el todo. La educación holística requiere del ámbito esencial, que a diferencia de su complementario no es demandado por la sociedad. En cambio, es el que nos sana. El origen es lo esencial, profundo, invisible y atemporal. Preguntémonos si la mirada no habría de estar en vaciar, desaprender, ralentizar y minimizar. Los educadores tenemos el deber y privilegio de promover el cuestionamiento de todos aquellos patrones sociales estériles que están necrosando el sentido de la vida. La educación consciente demanda de un autoconocimiento ilimitado, que nos direccione al derrumbe del ego. Un darse cuenta de nosotros mismos. Para ello la auto-educación es el camino, pues los educadores enseñamos lo que nosotros mismos hacemos para autoeducarnos. EDUCACIÓN PARA LA CIUDADANÍA DIGITAL, Y NO UNA CIUDADANÍA CERO. RETOS Y AMENAZAS DESDE UNA MIRADA CRÍTICA-SOCIAL. Artículo de reflexión generativa de Andrés Felipe Pérez-Velasco, Investigador REDIPE. Aborda el tema de la educación para la ciudadanía digital desde la óptica del paradigma investigativo crítico-social, partiendo también desde distintos aportes de la filosofía de la tecnología. Busca propiciar una exploración desde la propuesta de la educación para la ciudadanía digital, en la que trabaja la conceptualización y los casos empíricos de la ciudadanía digital, entendiendo que se parte de una concepción participativa y deliberativa sobre la ciudadanía digital. En los hallazgos sobre la conceptualización y los casos empíricos, se estarían constituyendo una única ciudadanía digital, que debido a las vías que inician a tomar factores como la puesta en práctica de la identidad digital, las monedas digitales y las ciudades inteligentes [ciudades de quince minutos], se estaría instaurando un único modelo de desarrollo social desde la ciudadanía digital. Comprendiendo que, debido al nuevo estándar de medición de huella de carbono con que se inicia a relacionar con la ciudadanía digital, se presentan distintos intereses económicos y políticos que pueden afectar el desarrollo humano autóctono y autócrata de los pueblos. EL DIRECTOR ESCOLAR EN ESPAÑA: UNA MIRADA DESDE EL ENFOQUE RADICAL E INCLUSIVO. Anna Maria Nicolosi, Instituto de Enseñanza Superior “Corinaldesi-Padovano” – Italia. Artículo de reflexión generativa. Aanaliza la figura del director escolar en el sistema educativo español, en el que los aspectos burocrático-administrativos y de gestión definen cada vez más sus características. El proceso de acceso a la función directiva, la falta de un adecuado reconocimiento de la carrera profesional, la escasa aplicación de la autonomía en un sistema todavía muy centralizado, la falta de una formación y evaluación estructurada, y las enormes responsabilidades en ámbitos muy diversos (económico, jurídico, didáctico, psicológico, relacional, de seguridad), manifiestan la urgente necesidad de revisar el liderazgo escolar, proponiendo una profunda reflexión cultural y educativo-pedagógica y un cambio radical de paradigma. ESTRATEGIA EDUCATIVA PREVENTIVA PARA LAS FAMILIAS QUE POSEEN ENFERMOS CON NECESIDADES DE CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS DEL POLICLÍNICO LIDIA Y CLODOMIRA DEL MUNICIPIO REGLA 2020-2024. Artículo de investigación de los académicos cubanos Elia Olga Álvarez HERNÁNDEZ, Jorge Torres Concepción, Jesús Danniel Rodríguez Samada y Yanaika Moreira Marichal de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Miguel Enríquez. El programa del médico y la enfermera de la familia diseña el tratamiento y el seguimiento de los pacientes con necesidades de cuidados paliativos por presentar enfermedades terminales o avanzadas en la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS). El objetivo es diseñar una estrategia educativa preventiva, para el paciente con necesidades de cuidados paliativos y para las familias o cuidadores que poseen o asisten a enfermos en estadios terminales del Policlínico “Lidia y Clodomira” del 2020-2024Entre los resultados se halla el predomino como síntoma que afecta la calidad de vida, el dolor y la falta de aire, así como el sexo femenino y las edades de 70-79 en los enfermos terminales, y el estado de satisfacción con la atención médica y de enfermería recibida.. A modo de conclusión se contribuye al diagnóstico precoz con la prevención de los factores de riesgo, en una propuesta que se validó por criterios de varios especialistas y donde participan también factores de la comunidad, con estrategias educativas preventivas para evitar la postración o el encamamiento prolongado y se asumen alternativas por parte del grupo básico de trabajo y la dirección del primer nivel de atención de la salud del municipio Regla. APRENDIZAJE BASADO EN LA INVESTIGACIÓN EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DE LA LICENCIATURA DE CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL DE LA UNIVERSIDAD POPULAR DEL CESAR. Artículo de investigación de María de las Mercedes Colina, Lesby Johanna Lora Carrillo, Katerine Granado Juvinao, Br.María Victoria Quiroz Vega, Br. Jageiver Ibeth Cadena Mareiño, Universidad Popular del Cesar. Analiza el aprendizaje investigativo en los estudiantes de la licenciatura de Ciencias Naturales y Educación ambiental. Para analizar los datos se consideró la estadística descriptiva evidenciando como resultado que ambos actores coinciden en la necesidad de incorporar en sus asignaturas como eje transversal de las mismas, estrategias del aprendizaje basado en investigación en función de potenciar las competencias investigativas y la construcción de un conocimiento que inspire el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y creativo del estudiante, impactando positivamente su desempeño académico y profesional, capaz de aportar soluciones a los problemas del entorno.
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50

Wahyuni, Anna Tri, Masfuri Masfuri, and Liya Arista. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MORTALITAS PADA PASIEN DENGAN FRAKTUR COSTA: Literature Review." Jurnal Keperawatan Widya Gantari Indonesia 6, no. 2 (July 20, 2022): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.52020/jkwgi.v6i2.4151.

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FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MORTALITAS PADA PASIEN DENGAN FRAKTUR COSTA: Literature Review Anna Tri Wahyuni1), Masfuri2), Liya Arista3)1,2,3 Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia ABSTRAK Cedera paling umum yang terjadi pada trauma tumpul adalah fraktur costa (patah tulang iga/rusuk) dimana mekanisme cedera berpotensi mengancam jiwa. Pasien fraktur costa yang menunjukkan tingkat keparahan trauma lebih dari 90% melibatkan kepala, perut dan ekstremitas. Nyeri yang dirasakan akibat dari fraktur costa berkontribusi pada gangguan pernafasan, peningkatan resiko pneumonia dan gagal nafas yang meningkatkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas. Pedoman penanganan fraktur costa sangat dibutuhkan untuk terjadinya komplikasi. Studi literature ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi mortalitas pada pasien fraktur costa. Metode penulisan artikel ini menggunakan literature review yang didapat melalui 5 online database yaitu Sage Publishing, Science Direct, SpringerLink, Pub Med dan Google Scholar. Kriteria inklusi jurnal terkait meliputi: free fulltext, berbahasa Indonesia atau Bahasa asing lainnya, metode penelitian prospective, retrospective, case-control, cohort dan terbit antara tahun 2004-2021. Kata kunci yang yang digunakan dalam pencarian adalah “Respiratory depression OR Respiratory failure AND fraktur ribs AND Mortality”. Dari pencarian artikel diperoleh hasil akhir sebanyak 7 artikel yang relevan dan dilakukan proses review. Artikel tersebut menunjukkan hasil bahwa angka mortalitas dipengaruhi oleh faktor usia, skor keparahan cedera, jumlah patah tulang rusuk, dan implementasi penanganan infeksi. Faktor usia, tingkat keparahan cedera dan jumlah tulang rusuk yang patah menentukan tinggi rendahnya angka mortalitas pasien fraktur costa. Penanganan yang tepat dan manajemen nyeri yang sesuai dapat mempengaruhi penurunan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien dengan fraktur costa. Pengembangan intervensi perawatan pasien fraktur costa terkait manajemen nyeri dan kontrol infeksi menjadi penelitian menarik selanjutnya.Kata kunci : Depresi pernafasan, gagal nafas, fraktur iga, angka kematian, angka kesakitanABSTRACT The most common injury in blunt trauma is a rib fracture, where the mechanism of injury is potentially life-threatening. Patients with rib fracture whose severity of the injury is greater than 90% are associated with damage to the head, abdomen, and extremities. Pain from rib fractures contributes to respiratory failure, increasing the risk of pneumonia and respiratory failure, which increases morbidity and mortality. Recommendations are needed for the treatment of complicated rib fractures. This literature study aims to analyze the factors that influence mortality in rib fracture patients. The method of writing this article uses a literature review sourced from 5 online databases, namely Sage Publishing, Science Direct, SpringerLink, Pub Med, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria for related journals included: free full text, in Bahasa or another foreign language, prospective, retrospective, case-control, cohort study method, and published between 2004 and 2021. Keywords used in the search were: "respiratory depression OR respiratory failure AND rib fractures AND death." From the article search results, we obtained 7 relevant articles which are the final results and a review process is carried out. The article showed that mortality was influenced by age, injury severity score, number of rib fractures, and infection control practices. The mortality rate of patient with rib fracture is determined by Factors such as age, severity of injury, and number of rib fractures. Appropriate care and adequate pain management can help reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with rib fractures. Another interesting research is the development of interventions in the treatment of rib fracture patients related to pain management and infection control.Key words: respiratory depression; respiratory failure; rib fracture; mortality; morbidity. Alamat korespondensi: RSUD Dr.Kanujoso Djatiwibowo Jalan MT.Haryono No 656 Ringroad BalikpapanEmail: annazahra30@gmail.com PENDAHULUAN Fraktur costa adalah cedera pada dada karena trauma tumpul, tajam atau kondisi patologis angka morbiditas dan mortilitas. Berdasarkan Western Trauma Association (WTA) sekitar 10% kematian pada orang dewasa muda disebabkan oleh cedera patah tulang rusuk yang melibatkan kepala, perut dan ekstremitas. Sebaliknya, pasien lanjut usia dengan patah tulang rusuk memiliki setidaknya 20% kematian yang secara langsung menyebabkan gagal napas progresif dan pneumonia (Brasel et al., 2017). Risiko pneumonia meningkat sebesar 27%, dan kematian meningkat sebesar 19% untuk setiap fraktur costa lebih dari 2 pada kelompok lanjut usia (Wanek & Mayberry, 2004). Pasien dengan trauma dada atau fraktur costa harusnya dilakukan pemantauan ketat sejak masuk rumah sakit, 24 jam pertama merupakan identifikasi awal adanya komplikasi yang menyebabkan depresi pernafasan. Menurut penelitian Coary, et.al (2020) fraktur costa adalah cedera paling serius pada 55% pasien berusia di atas 60 tahun yang menyebabkan kematian karena 90% dari patah tulang rusuk menunjukkan cedera tambahan pada pemeriksaan sistemik. Trauma langsung dan hipoventilasi yang diinduksi nyeri menyebabkan komplikasi pernafasan sehingga menjadi beban morbiditas dan mortalitas. Komplikasi yang sering terjadi adalah pneumotoraks diikuti hemothoraks, kontusio paru dan flail chest.Nyeri adalah suatu pengalaman sensorik yang multidimensional dengan fenomena yang berbeda dalam intensitas (ringan,sedang, berat), kualitas (tumpul, seperti terbakar, tajam), durasi (transien, intermiten,persisten), dan penyebaran (superfisial atau dalam, terlokalisir atau difus) (Bahrudin, 2018). Induksi nyeri pada pasien dengan fraktur costa menyebabkan pasien kesulitan bernafas dimana keparahan memar paru yang mendasarinya signifikan dengan terjadinya hipoksemia atau gangguan pernafasan. Hal ini menyebabkan pasien cenderung membatasi pergerakan dan menjadi tirah baring lama. Kondisi tirah baring lama menyebabkan tubuh mengalami penurunan berbagai fungsi secara sistematis, yang disebut dengan sindroma dekondisi dan rentan terjadinya infeksi (Hashem, Nelliot, & Needham, 2016; Hunter, Johnson, & Coustasse, 2014; Phelan, Lin, Mitchell, & Chaboyer, 2018 dalam Ananta & Fitri, 2020).Fraktur costa atau patah tulang rusuk secara klinis penting disebabkan tiga hal yaitu: sebagai penanda penyakit serius cedera intrathoraks dan perut, sebagai sumber rasa sakit yang signifikan, dan sebagai prediktor untuk kerusakan paru, terutama pada pasien usia lanjut. Organ perut yang paling sering terluka adalah hati dan limpa. Pasien dengan patah tulang rusuk kanan, memiliki 19% hingga 56% kemungkinan cedera hati, sedangkan patah tulang sisi kiri memiliki 22% hingga 28% kemungkinan cedera limpa (Wanek & Mayberry, 2004). Kematian pada orang dewasa dan lansia cenderung terjadi kemudian (≥72 jam setelah masuk) dan biasanya sebagai akibat dari kegagalan multi-organ yang dipicu oleh insufisiensi pernapasan dan pneumonia sehingga tingkat kematian secara keseluruhan, tanpa memandang usia, diperkirakan antara 10 dan 12% (Wanek & Mayberry, 2004). Tingkat mortalitas untuk pasien trauma usia lanjut yang mengalami patah tulang rusuk lebih besar daripada mereka yang tidak mengalami cedera toraks (Coary, et.al, 2020). Penelitian yang dilakukan Marini, et.al, (2021) menyatakan indikator penyebab kematian pada pasien fraktur costa dengan atau tanpa trauma kepala dan cedera organ adalah usia, jenis kelamin, ISS (Injury Severe Score), dan GCS (Glasglow Coma Scale).Berdasarkan uraian diatas maka peneliti ingin menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi angka morbiditas dan mortalitas pada pasien dengan fraktur costa untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang penanganan fraktur costa serta mengidentifikasi dari beberapa artikel terkini dalam mengurangi mortalitas. METODE PENELITIAN Metode penulisan artikel ini menggunakan literature review yaitu studi yang berfokus pada hasil penulisan yang berkaitan dengan topik, tema atau variabel penulisan.dan dipakai untuk menghimpun data atau sebuah sintesa sumber-sumber yang berhubungan dengan topik penelitian (Nursalam, 2017). Didapatkan 5 database yang dilakukan melalui pencarian elektronik dari yaitu Sage Publishing, Science Direct, SpringerLink, Pub Med dan Google Scholar. Kriteria inklusi telaah jurnal ini adalah free fulltext, berbahasa Indonesia atau bahasa asing lainnya, dengan metode penelitian prospective, retrospective, case-control, cohort dan terbit tahun 2004-2021. Kata kunci yang yang digunakan dalam pencarian adalah “Respiratory depression OR Respiratory failure AND fraktur ribs AND Mortality”. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Berdasarkan hasil studi literature terdapat banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya depresi pernafasan pada pasien fraktur costa yang dapat menyebabkan kematian. Terdapat 17.500 artikel yang muncul setelah dilakukan telusur berdasarkan kata kunci dalam google scholar, 10.000 artikel tidak masuk kriteria inklusi, 350 artikel duplikat dengan database yang lain. Kemudian sisanya disaring kembali berdasarkan hasil abstrak, metode dan hasil temuan sesuai topik peneliti yang diinginkan dan diperoleh 7 artikel yang relevan dan tersedia dalam bentuk fulltext. Beberapa penelitian terkait pencegahan depresi pernafasan pada fraktur costa berfokus pada manajemen nyeri baik secara farmakologis maupun non farmakologis. Penanganan dan pemantauan yang ketat dapat mengurangi komplikasi yang menyebabkan terjadinya depresi pernafasan. Berikut faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi angka morbiditas dan mortalitas pada fraktur costa menurut Coary, et.al (2020) yaitu: (1) Usia, pasien berusia > 65 tahun memiliki kematian 2-5 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan usia dibawahnya pada kondisi fraktur costa lebih dari dua. Pasien dengan komorbid sering menjadi faktor penyulit ditambah dengan kondisi paru-paru yang buruk (misal: perokok). Faktor pemulihan menjadi terhambat disebabkan osteoporosis, sistem pernafasan yang buruk, gangguan pertukaran gas dan tergambar dari lama rawat inap. (2) Jumlah patah tulang, dari beberapa penelitian meta-analisis diperoleh hasil jumlah absolut fraktur tulang rusuk yang berjumlah >2 maka dua kali lebih mungkin meninggal dunia dibandingkan pasien dengan 1-2 patah tulang rusuk. (3) Posisi anatomi patah tulang, Fraktur costa bilateral memiliki resiko kematian lebih tinggi dimana segmen flail chest menghasilkan gerak paradox yang menyebabkan pergerakan dinding dada mengarah kedalam saat inspirasi sedangkan tulang rusuk yang sehat bergerak keluar sehingga ventilasi tidak adekuat dan terjadi depresi pernafasan dan kematian. Berbeda dengan penelitian yang dilakukan Brasel et al., (2006) faktor yang paling mempengaruhi kematian adalah faktor usia ditandai dengan Injury Severity Score (ISS) jika dikaitkan dengan peningkatan terjadinya pneumonia. Analisis yang menyatakan komorbiditas mempengaruhi kematian hal ini disertai dengan faktor usia bukan karena faktor komorbiditas murni. Komorbiditas yang biasanya menyertai fraktur costa menurut penelitian adalah komorbiditas yang spesifik seperti gagal jantung kongestif, aritmia, gagal ginjal, penyakit hati, kanker metastatik dan penyakit neurologis.Pada penelitian Bulger et al dalam Wanek & Mayberry, (2004), membandingkan pasien yang berusia minimal 65 tahun keatas dengan usia 18-64 tahun dengan metode cohort pada kasus fraktur costa pada kelompok >65 tahun memiliki dua kali mortalitas dan morbiditas yang tinggi. Risiko pneumonia meningkat sebesar 27%, dan kematian meningkat sebesar 19% untuk setiap fraktur tulang rusuk tambahan pada kelompok lanjut usia.Nyeri adalah keluhan yang paling dirasakan oleh pasien dengan fraktur costa. Oleh sebab itu penanganan manajemen nyeri untuk mengontrol nyeri terus-menerus dan mencegah depresi pernafasan harus diberikan terapi yang agresif dengan pendekatan multimodalitas. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Peek, et.al, (2019) dengan membandingkan pemberian analgesik dengan 4 metode yaitu analgesia epidural, analgesia intravena, blok paravertebral dan blok intercostal, diperoleh hasil berdasarkan systematic review dan meta-analysis analgesia epidural signifikan mengurangi rasa sakit dibandingkan intervensi yang lain. Intervensi keperawatan sendiri menekankan pada terapi non farmakologis untuk kontrol nyeri pada pasien fraktur. Terapi nonfarmakologis dengan guided imagery dapat mengurangi intensitas dan skala nyeri pada pasien fraktur. Guided imagery mempengaruhi hampir semua fisiologis sistem kontrol tubuh yaitu pernapasan, denyut jantung, tekanan darah, tingkat metabolisme dalam sel, mobilitas dan sekresi gastrointestinal, fungsi seksual, dan bahkan respon imun (Rossman, 2000). Intervensi ini juga dapat mempercepat penyembuhan pasien dan mengurangi hari rawat inap (Forward et.al, 2015) Gambar 1. Algorithma fraktur costa (Brasel K.J, et.al, 2016).Western Trauma Association (WTA) menyatakan algorithma penanganan fraktur costa sebagai suatu observasi atau pemantauan ketat pada fraktur costa lebih dari 2 patah tulang (Brasel et.al, 2017). Berdasarkan algoritma diatas maka pasien dengan patah tulang rusuk >2 dengan usia lebih dari 65 tahun jika pada observasi kurang dari 24 jam menunjukkan peningkatan pada depresi pernafasan maka segera pindahkan ke ICU dan pertimbangkan penggunaan ventilator dan operasi rib fixaxion. Penggunaan terapi analgesia epidural digunakan untuk kontrol nyeri dilanjutkan batuk efektif, tehnik relaksasi nafas dalam dan mobilisasi dini (Brasel et.al, 2017). Analisis terkait studi literatur untuk memperkuat hasil analisis terdapat pada masing-masing artikel dibawah ini. Tabel 1. Artikel terkait faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya depresi pernafasan pada pasien dengan fraktur costa.Study citationMetode penelitian Desain PenelitianSampel dan Jumlah sampelHasil temuanA multidisciplinary clinical pathway decreases rib fracture–associated infectious morbidity and mortality in high-risk trauma patientsTodd,et.al,(2006)prospective cohort study Non eksperimental150 pasien dari Februari 2002-Oktober 2004 dengan > 45 tahun dan>4 patah tulang rusuk.Diperoleh hasil usia, skor keparahan cedera, dan jumlah patah tulang rusuk, jalur klinis menurunkan mekanisme hari tergantung ventilator, lama rawat inap, morbiditas infeksi, dan mortalitas dengan (interval kepercayaan 95% [CI] P<0.01).Predicting outcome of patients with chest wall injuryPressley, et.al, (2012)retrospectively reviewedNon eksperimental649 pasien (Juni 2008 hingga Februari 2010) termasuk usia, jumlah patah tulang, cedera bilateral, adanya kontusio paru, klasifikasi memar, LOS, masuk ICU, ventilasi mekanikSebuah sistem penilaian sederhana memprediksi kemungkinan bahwa pasien akan memerlukan ventilasi mekanik dan perawatan yang berkepanjangan. Skor 7 atau 8 memprediksi peningkatan risiko kematian, penerimaanke ICU, dan intubasi. Skor 5 memprediksi lama tinggal yang lebih lama dan periode ventilasi yang lebih lama. Factors Affecting Pneumonia Occurring to Patients with Multiple Rib FracturesByun & Kim., (2013).retrospectively reviewedNon eksperimentalData rekam medis 327 pasien laki-laki rata-rata usia 53 tahun dengan fraktur costa akibat kecelakaan dari Januari 2002- Desember 2008.Faktor yang mempengaruhi pneumonia pada pasien dengan fraktur tulang rusuk multipel dalam analisis multivariat termasuk usia (p=0,004), ISS (p<0,001), dan skor tulang rusuk(p=0,038). Penggunaan antibiotik tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia (p=0,28).Determinants of Mortality in Chest Trauma PatientsEkpe & Eyo, (2014)Retrospective and prospective Non eksperimental149 pasien dengan trauma thoraks 121 laki-laki, 28 perempuan dari Januari 2007-Desember 2011Variabel bebas, umur, jenis kelamin dan jenis cedera dada tidak terbukti berkorelasi dengan mortalitas dengan nilai P >0,05. Namun adanya cedera organ ekstra toraks terkait, skor MEWS saat masuk tinggi> 9, cedera pada interval presentasi lebih dari 24 jam, dan cedera dada yang parah ditandai dengan keterlibatan dada bilateral yang berkorelasi positif dengan mortalitas dengan nilai P <0,05.The number of displaced rib fractures is more predictive for complications in chest trauma patientsChien et.al, (2017)retrospectively reviewedNon eksperimentalJanuari 2013 -Mei 2015 diperoleh data di rumah sakit dengan total pasien 3151. Pasien yang dirawat dengan trauma dada dan patah tulang rusuk, termasuk cedera otak, limpa, panggul atau hatiJumlah patah tulang rusuk yang bergeser bisa menjadi prediktor kuat untuk berkembangnya penyakit paru-paru komplikasi. Untuk pasien dengan kurang dari tiga patah tulang rusuk tanpa perpindahan tulang rusuk dan paru-paru awal atau cedera organ lainnya, manajemen rawat jalan bisa aman dan efisien.Is the number of rib fractures a risk factor for delayed complications? Flores-Funes, et.al, (2020)Retrospective case–control studyNon eksperimentalPasien yang dirawat dengan diagnosis patah tulang rusuk antara 2010 dan 2014, diperoleh 141 pasien.Tidak ada perbedaan dalam karakteristik dasar pasien (usia, jenis kelamin dan Indeks Komorbiditas Charlson) antara kedua kelompok. Perbedaan ditemukan pada jumlah fraktur pada kelompok tanpa komplikasi p>0,05 (tidak signifikan) pada kelompok dengan komplikasi, (p=0,05) dan pada penurunan kadar hemoglobin (p=0,01). Hari rawat inap bervariasi pada setiap kelompok tetapi tanpa signifikansi statistik (p=0,11). Kesimpulan: Jumlah fraktur iga yang paling baik memprediksi munculnya komplikasi (delayed pleuro-pulmonary) dan perdarahan yang lebih besar) adalah patah tulang rusuk 3 atau lebihPredictors of mortality in patients with rib fracturesMarini, et.al, (2021) Retrospective review Non eksperimental1188 pasien patah tulang rusuk dan cedera tambahan yang dirawat selama Januari 2013-Desember 2014; 800 laki-laki dan 388 perempuan Usia, GCS, jenis kelamin laki-laki, dan Injury Severity Score (ISS) tetapi tidak jumlah patah tulang rusuk dan/atau Pulmonary contusion merupakan prediksi kematian. Peningkatan mortalitas pada pasien patah tulang rusuk dimulai pada usia 65-80 tahun tanpa peningkatan lebih lanjut. Jumlah patah tulang rusuk bukan faktor independen peningkatan mortalitas terlepas dari usia. Severe traumatic brain injury adalah penyebab kematian paling umum pada pasien usia 16-65 tahun, dibandingkan dengan komplikasi pernapasan pada pasien berusia 80 tahun atau lebih. Banyak penelitian yang telah dilakukan untuk menentukan faktor prediktor kematian pada pasien fraktur costa. Dari 7 artikel di atas terdapat berbagai bukti yang mempengaruhi kematian akibat fraktur costa dengan metode penelitian yang berbeda.Penelitian Chien, et.al, (2017) dan Flores-Funes, et.al, (2020) menunjukkan hasil yang hampir sama dimana jumlah fraktur costa yang >2 akan meningkatkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas dikarenakan faktor komplikasi pada paru. Berbeda dengan penelitian yang dilakukan Marini, et.al, (2021) yang menyatakan jumlah dari fraktur costa tidak memprediksi peningkatan mortalitas terlepas dari usia. Menurut peneliti faktor usia menjadi prediktor utama dalam menentukan angka mortalitas pada pasien dengan fraktur costa, dimana peningkatan mortalitas pada pasien patah tulang rusuk dimulai pada usia 65-80 tahun ke atas.Penelitian yang dilakukan Todd et.al,(2006) menghasilkan hipotesa bahwa usia, skor keparahan cedera, dan jumlah patah tulang rusuk, dan implementasi jalur klinis signifikan dengan penurunan lama perawatan di unit perawatan intensif, lama rawat inap di rumah sakit, infeksi pneumonia, dan mortalitas. Maka semakin lanjut usia, tingkat keparahan yang tinggi dan jumlah patah tulang rusuk bilateral atau >2 dapat meningkatkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien dengan fraktur costa.Penelitian Pressley et.al, (2012) dilakukan dengan melakukan analisis dengan menggunakan trauma dada scoring system dimana skor >7 memprediksi peningkatan risiko kematian, penerimaan ke ICU, dan intubasi. Penilaian scoring system ini dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi kemungkinan pasien akan memerlukan ventilasi mekanik dan perawatan yang berkepanjangan sehingga dapat memperparah penyakit, menimbulkan infeksi oportunistik dan menyebabkan resiko mortalitas.Penelitian Ekpe & Eyo, (2014) menggunakan system MEWS (modified early warning signs) untuk menganalis faktor prognosis pada pasien dengan trauma dada. Sebagai variabel bebas, umur, jenis kelamin dan jenis cedera dada tidak terbukti berkorelasi dengan mortalitas dengan nilai P >0,05. Namun adanya cedera organ ekstra toraks terkait, skor MEWS saat masuk tinggi> 9, dimana interval presentasi lebih dari 24 jam dengan cedera dada yang parah ditandai dengan keterlibatan dada bilateral, berkorelasi positif pada mortalitas. Berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya Byun & Kim., (2013) dimana faktor umur berpengaruh pada terjadinya infeksi pneumonia dan meningkatkan angka mortilitas dengan atau tanpa diikuti tingkat keparahan pada trauma dada.Berdasarkan analisis diatas terdapat persamaan hasil penelitian dimana rata-rata metode penelitian yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan retrospective review non eksperimental. Peneliti mengamati data rekam medis dari beberapa rentang waktu dengan kriteria inklusi menderita patah tulang rusuk lebih dari dua. Namun, terdapat kriteria yang berbeda-beda pula dimana peneliti memasukkan trauma tambahan seperti brain injury dan cedera pada organ yang lain. Jumlah sampel antara penelitian satu dengan yang lain juga berbeda dari ratusan hingga ribuan data yang dianalisis. Hal ini menyebabkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh sedikit berbeda antara satu dengan yang lain.Manajemen fraktur costa berfokus pada manajemen nyeri yang adekuat, batuk efektif, relaksasi nafas dalam dan mobilisasi dini (Brasel et al., 2017). Berdasarkan beberapa penelitian manajemen nyeri pada pasien orthopedic terutama pasca operasi adalah dengan guided imagery. The American Holistic Nurses Association menyatakan guided imagery adalah modalitas holistik yang membantu klien dalam menghubungkan pengetahuan batin mereka pada pemikiran, perasaan, dan tingkat penginderaan, mempromosikan penyembuhan bawaan mereka dengan kemampuan bersama-sama memandu klien mengatasi stres; resolusi konflik; masalah pemberdayaan diri; dan persiapan medis-bedah (Integrative & Review, 2016). Oleh sebab itu, guided imagery tepat jika digunakan pada managemen nyeri non farmakologis yang diterapkan dalam intervensi keperawatan.Dalam teori keperawatan Jean Watson tentang Transpersonal Caring mendefinisikan hubungan manusia yang bersifat caring, bersatu dengan orang lain dengan menghargai klien seutuhnya termasuk keberadaannya di dunia (Alligood, 2014). Watson menyatakan kepedulian transpersonal caring adalah dasar dari teori kepedulian manusia dimana fokus dari kepedulian transpersonal adalah pada peduli, penyembuhan, dan keutuhan, bukan pada penyakit, sakit dan patologi yang mencakup 10 faktor karatif dalam konsep utamanya (Integrative & Review, 2016). Sesuai dengan teori Watson, Guided Imagery (GI) menggabungkan kedua sains (melalui praktik berbasis bukti) dan seni (melalui aplikasi untuk berlatih) untuk mengobati rasa sakit pasien menggunakan imaginasi terbimbing dan teknik relaksasi nafas dalam. Kombinasi dengan terapi obat, GI menyediakan rezim pengobatan holistik untuk manajemen nyeri untuk menenangkan pikiran dan merilekskan tubuh mereka, memberikan kesempatan bagi klien untuk menciptakan lingkungan penyembuhan internalnya sendiri (Integrative & Review, 2016).Intervensi keperawatan untuk batuk efektif dan mobilisasi dini termasuk poin penting dalam manajemen perawatan pasien fraktur costa. Batuk efektif adalah suatu metode batuk dengan benar dan pasien dapat mengeluarkan dahak secara maksimal untuk mengeluarkan sekret dari saluran pernapasan bawah (Potter dan Perry, 2006). Mobilisasi sendiri dapat menghasilkan outcome yang baik bagi pasien seperti meningkatkan pertukaran gas, mengurangi angka Ventilator Associated Pneumoia (VAP), mengurangi durasi penggunaan ventilator, dan meningkatkan kemampuan fungsional jangka panjang (Green, Marzano, Leditschke, Mitchell, & Bissett, 2016 dalam Ananta & Fitri, 2020). Oleh sebab itu, kedua intervensi ini perlu diteliti lebih lanjut guna mengembangkan riset terkait manajemen pasien fraktur costa. SIMPULAN Pasien dengan usia lanjut dengan patah tulang rusuk atau fraktur costa biasanya menunjukkan tingkat kelemahan, multi-morbiditas, dan kompleksitas medis yang tinggi (Coary, et.al, 2020). Hal ini tentu menjadi penghambat dalam faktor penyembuhan tulang dan dapat meningkatkan angka mortalitas. Pemaparan hasil analisis menggambarkan faktor usia, cedera tulang rusuk atau costa bilateral lebih dari 2, terjadinya komplikasi dan cedera pada organ lain menyebabkan pasien harus dirawat di ruang ICU lebih lama karena resiko infeksi dan komplikasi yang dapat meningkatkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas.Terlepas dari faktor usia, tingkat keparahan cedera dan jumlah tulang rusuk yang patah menentukan haluaran pasien yang lebih baik. Penanganan fraktur costa yang tepat yang berfokus pada kontrol kerusakan, manajemen nyeri, fiksasi seleksi, dan kualitas hidup mempengaruhi penurunan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien dengan fraktur costa. Kedudukan dan peran perawat spesialis dalam tugas mengatur asuhan klien dengan kompleksitas tinggi menjadi sangat penting (Masfuri, et.all, 2019) SARAN Penelitian klinis terkait implementasi keperawatan berbasis kasus masih jarang dilakukan. Implementasi keperawatan pada pasien dengan fraktur costa terkait manajemen nyeri dan kontrol infeksi menjadi penelitian yang menarik untuk dilakukan karena hal ini menjadi indikator faktor yang mempengaruhi angka mortalitas pasien dengan fraktur costa. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Alligood Raile Martha,2014, Nursing Theorits and their Work, 8th edition, by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier IncAnanta Tanujiarso, B., & Fitri Ayu Lestari, D. (2020). Mobilisasi Dini Pada Pasien Kritis Di Intensive Care Unit (Icu): Case Study. 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The Permanente Journal, 19(4), 18–28. https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/14-236Flores-Funes, D., Lluna-Llorens, A. D., Jiménez-Ballester, M. Á., Valero-Navarro, G., Carrillo-Alcaráz, A., Campillo-Soto, Á., & Aguayo-Albasini, J. L. (2020). Is the number of rib fractures a risk factor for delayed complications? A case–control study. European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 46(2), 435–440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-018-1012-xIntegrative, A., & Review, L. (2016). jhn. 1–10.Marini, C. P., Petrone, P., Soto-Sánchez, A., García-Santos, E., Stoller, C., & Verde, J. (2021). Predictors of mortality in patients with rib fractures. European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 47(5), 1527–1534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-019-01183-5Masfuri Masfuri, Agung Waluyo, Yati Afiyanti, Achir Yani S. Hamid (2019) Educational background and clinical nursing tasks performed by nurses in Indonesian hospitals. Enfermería Clínica. 29 (2), 418-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.061.Nursalam. (2017). Metodologi Penelitian Ilmu Keperawatan: Pendekatan Praktis. (P. P. Lestari, Ed.) (4th ed.). Jakarta: Salemba Medika.Peek, J., Smeeing, D. P. J., Hietbrink, F., Houwert, R. M., Marsman, M., & de Jong, M. B. (2019). Comparison of analgesic interventions for traumatic rib fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 45(4), 597–622. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-018-0918-7Potter&Perry. (2006). Buku ajar Fundamental Keperawatan Konsep, Proses, dan Praktik. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran, EGC.Pressley, C. M., Fry, W. R., Philp, A. S., Berry, S. D., & Smith, R. S. (2012). Predicting outcome of patients with chest wall injury. American Journal of Surgery, 204(6), 910–914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2012.05.015Rossman, M. L. (2000). G uided I magery and I nteractive G uided I magery. M. L. Guided Imagery for Self Healing: An Essential for Anyone Seeking Wellness, 930.Simon, B. J., Cushman, J., Barraco, R., Lane, V., Luchette, F. A., Miglietta, M., Roccaforte, D. J., & Spector, R. (2005). Pain management guidelines for blunt thoracic trauma. Journal of Trauma - Injury, Infection and Critical Care, 59(5), 1256–1267. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000178063.77946.f5Todd, S. R., McNally, M. M., Holcomb, J. B., Kozar, R. A., Kao, L. S., Gonzalez, E. A., Cocanour, C. S., Vercruysse, G. A., Lygas, M. H., Brasseaux, B. K., & Moore, F. A. (2006). A multidisciplinary clinical pathway decreases rib fracture-associated infectious morbidity and mortality in high-risk trauma patients. American Journal of Surgery, 192(6), 806–811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.08.048Wanek, S., & Mayberry, J. C. (2004). Blunt thoracic trauma: Flail chest, pulmonary contusion, and blast injury. Critical Care Clinics, 20(1), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0704(03)00098-8
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