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Journal articles on the topic 'Annual rainfall'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

RAGHAVENDRA, V. K. "Trends and periodicities of rainfall in sub-divisions of Maharashtra State." MAUSAM 25, no. 2 (2022): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v25i2.5194.

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The Maharashtra State of India is divided into four meteorological sub-divisions, viz., Konkan, Madhya Maharashtra, Marathwada and Vidarbha. Of these, Madhya Maharashtra and Marathwada are prone to droughts. The principal rainy season is the monsoon season of June to September when over 80 per cent of the annual rainfall is received. The coefficient of variation is about 20 per cent for the annual and monsoon rainfall except in Marathwada where it is 25 per cent. The annual and monsoon rainfalls follow the normal distribution for their yearly frequencies. In this region the annual and the mons

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Stefanidis, Stefanos, and Dimitrios Stathis. "Spatial and Temporal Rainfall Variability over the Mountainous Central Pindus (Greece)." Climate 6, no. 3 (2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli6030075.

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In this study, the authors evaluated the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall over the central Pindus mountain range. To accomplish this, long-term (1961–2016) monthly rainfall data from nine rain gauges were collected and analyzed. Seasonal and annual rainfall data were subjected to Mann–Kendall tests to assess the possible upward or downward statistically significant trends and to change-point analyses to detect whether a change in the rainfall time series mean had taken place. Additionally, Sen’s slope method was used to estimate the trend magnitude, whereas multiple regression mode

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3

Liao, Yifan, Bingzhang Lin, Xiaoyang Chen, and Hui Ding. "A New Look at Storm Separation Technique in Estimation of Probable Maximum Precipitation in Mountainous Areas." Water 12, no. 4 (2020): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041177.

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Storm separation is a key step when carrying out storm transposition analysis for Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) estimation in mountainous areas. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has recommended the step-duration-orographic-intensification-factor (SDOIF) method since 2009 as an effective storm separation technique to identify the amounts of precipitation caused by topography from those caused by atmospheric dynamics. The orographic intensification factors (OIFs) are usually developed based on annual maximum rainfall series under such assumption that the mechanism of annual max

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4

Ledingham, Jamie, David Archer, Elizabeth Lewis, Hayley Fowler, and Chris Kilsby. "Contrasting seasonality of storm rainfall and flood runoff in the UK and some implications for rainfall-runoff methods of flood estimation." Hydrology Research 50, no. 5 (2019): 1309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2019.040.

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Abstract Using data from 520 gauging stations in Britain and gridded rainfall datasets, the seasonality of storm rainfall and flood runoff is compared and mapped. Annual maximum (AMAX) daily rainfall occurs predominantly in summer, but AMAX floods occur most frequently in winter. Seasonal occurrences of annual daily rainfall and flood maxima differ by more than 50% in dry lowland catchments. The differences diminish with increasing catchment wetness, increase with rainfalls shorter than daily duration and are shown to depend primarily on catchment wetness, as illustrated by variations in mean

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Ologeh, I., and F. Adesina. "Evaluation of climate change as a major determinant of crop yield improvement in Nigeria." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1077, no. 1 (2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1077/1/012002.

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Abstract Climate change has adversely affected agricultural productivity leading to decline in food production. The influence of climate change on crops and livestock persists despite irrigation, improved plant and animal hybrids. The continued dependence of agricultural production on climatic factors and the relative dependence of human existence on agricultural products create the need for a comprehensive consideration of the relationship between climate and crop production. This study measured the relationship between annual maize/yam yield as dependent variable and seasonal rainfall as ind

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Junges, Amanda H., Carolina Bremm, and Denise C. Fontana. "Rainfall climatology, variability, and trends in Veranópolis, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 23, no. 3 (2019): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n3p160-166.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize the rainfall climatology in Veranópolis, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, through analyses of means, variabilities related to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and temporal trends, using a 60-year data series (1956-2015). Descriptive statistics of annual, monthly and seasonal rainfall were used to characterize the rainfall climatology. The differences between seasons, and influence of ENSO were evaluated using analysis of variance and the Duncan’s test. Rainfall trends were evaluated by the Mann Kendall test. The local average annual rainfa

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Dr., A. I. Khan, and T. Gaikwad Vipul. "Rainfall Trend in Drought Prone Region of Ahmednagar District of Maharashtra in India: A Geographical Study." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 4, no. 1 (2023): 46–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7546328.

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In this paper the present study reveals the tehsil wise annual rainfall trend in Ahmednagar District of Maharashtra State during 1984 to 2018. The rainfall is one of the significant parameters among the climate for the development of society. They determine the scarcity of particular region. The rate of rainfall is varied in different region. The average annual rainfall in the Ahmednagar district varies from about 625.09 mm to 405.3; some area has been traditionally affected by drought. The large area of the district comes under the agriculture due to large population depend on agricultural fo

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8

Whitehead, Peter J., Jeremy Russell-Smith, and Cameron Yates. "Fire patterns in north Australian savannas: extending the reach of incentives for savanna fire emissions abatement." Rangeland Journal 36, no. 4 (2014): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj13129.

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Anthropogenic fires in Australia’s fire-prone savannas produce up to 3% of the nation’s accountable greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Incentives to improve fire management have been created by a nationally accredited savanna burning emissions abatement methodology applying to 483 000 km2 of relatively high-rainfall (>1000 mm p.a.) regions. Drawing on 15 years of fire mapping, this paper assesses appropriate biophysical boundaries for a savanna burning methodology extended to cover lower-rainfall regions. We examine a large random sample of points with at least 300 mm of annual rainfall, to sh

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9

Manike, M. M. A. P., and M. Rajendran. "Analysis of Rainfall Distribution in Kurunegala District, Sri Lanka." Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry 10, no. 1 (2024): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajraf/2024/v10i1268.

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Investigating the dynamics of rainfall has become very crucial in managing water resources efficiently for sustainable development. The present study aimed to analyze the rainfall distribution in Kurunegala district. Historical rainfall data collected from four gauging stations were subjected to both mathematical and statistical analysis. In addition, trends of rainfall, probability of exceedance and meteorological drought conditions were studied. Rainfall distribution in the district shows high variations. Bathalagoda records the highest mean annual rainfall of 1843 mm. The corresponding valu

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Yoo, Chul-Sang, and Cheol-Soon Park. "Comparison of Annual Maximum Rainfall Series and Annual Maximum Independent Rainfall Event Series." Journal of Korea Water Resources Association 45, no. 5 (2012): 431–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3741/jkwra.2012.45.5.431.

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11

Miguel, Edward, and Shanker Satyanath. "Re-examining Economic Shocks and Civil Conflict." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3, no. 4 (2011): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.3.4.228.

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Miguel, Satyanath, and Ernest Sergenti (2004), henceforth MSS, show that economic growth is negatively related to civil conflict in Africa, using annual rainfall variation as an IV for growth. Antonio Ciccone (2011) argues that thanks to rainfall's mean-reverting nature, rainfall levels are preferable to annual changes. We make three points. First, MSS's findings hold using rainfall levels as instruments. Second, Ciccone (2011) does not provide theoretical justification for preferring rainfall levels. Third, the first-stage relationship between rainfall and growth is weaker after 2000, suggest

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12

SEETHARAM, K. "Rainfall models – a study over Gangtok." MAUSAM 61, no. 2 (2021): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v61i2.819.

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In this paper, the Pearsonian system of curves were fitted to the monthly rainfalls from January to December, in addition to the seasonal as well as annual rainfalls totalling to 14 data sets of the period 1957-2005 with 49 years of duration for the station Gangtok to determine the probability distribution function of these data sets. The study indicated that the monthly rainfall of July and summer monsoon seasonal rainfall did not fit in to any of the Pearsonian system of curves, but the monthly rainfalls of other months and the annual rainfalls of Gangtok station indicated to fit into Pearso

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Mondal, M. Shahjahan, Sara Nowreen, and Mostofa Najmus Sakib. "Scale-Dependent Reliability of Projected Rainfalls over Bangladesh with the PRECIS Model." Climate 8, no. 2 (2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli8020020.

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The regional climate model, Providing REgional Climates for Impact Studies (PRECIS), has been widely used throughout the world to generate climate change projections for impact studies and adaptations. Its recent application in South Asia also includes the projection of rainfall extremes. In spite of its wide application, a stringent validation of the model is yet to be reported. In this study, we assessed the performance of the model in simulating annual, monthly and extreme rainfalls over Bangladesh by using a number of statistical techniques, e.g., pattern (both spatial and temporal) correl

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Brychta, Jiří, and Miloslav Janeček. "Determination of erosion rainfall criteria based on natural rainfall measurement and its impact on spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity in the Czech Republic." Soil and Water Research 14, No. 3 (2019): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/91/2018-swr.

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Rainfall erosivity is the main factor of the USLE or RUSLE equations. Its accuracy depends on recording precision and its temporal resolution, number of stations and their spatial distribution, length of recorded period, recorded period, erosion rainfall criteria, time step of rainfall intensity and interpolation method. This research focuses on erosion rainfall criteria. A network of 32 ombrographic stations, 1-min temporal resolution rainfall data, 35.6-year period and experimental runoff plots were used. We analysed 8951 rainfalls from ombrographic stations, 100 rainfalls and caused soil lo

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15

Ahmad, Aimi Athirah, Fadhilah Yusof, Muhamad Radzali Mispan, and Hasliana Kamaruddin. "Rainfall, evapotranspiration and rainfall deficit trend in Alor Setar, Malaysia." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 13, no. 4-1 (2017): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v13n4-1.844.

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Rainfall and potential evapotranspiration are important variables in water balance study. Rainfall data were obtained from Malaysian Meteorological Department while estimates of potential evapotranspiration were calculated using Penman-Monteith method. Trend analysis of monthly and annual rainfall, potential evapotranspiration and rainfall deficit are essential to manage irrigation system in agricultural systems. This is because changes in trend of these parameters may affect the water cycle and ecosystem. Annual and monthly values of these variables were analysed from 1980-2009. Results indic

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16

Gu, Zhijia, Detai Feng, Xingwu Duan, Kuifang Gong, Yawen Li, and Tianyu Yue. "Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Rainfall Erosivity in the Tibetan Plateau." Water 12, no. 1 (2020): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010200.

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The Tibetan Plateau is influenced by global climate change which results in frequent melting of glaciers and snow, and in heavy rainfalls. These conditions may increase the risk of soil erosion, but prediction is not feasible due to scarcity of rainfall data in the high altitudes of the region. In this study, daily precipitation data from 1 January 1981 to 31 December 2015 were selected for 38 meteorological stations in the Tibetan Plateau, and annual and seasonal rainfall erosivity were calculated for each station. Additionally, we used the Mann–Kendall trend test, Sen’s slope, trend coeffici

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17

Paldor, Nathan. "On the Estimation of Trends in Annual Rainfall Using Paired Gauge Observations." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47, no. 6 (2008): 1814–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jamc1697.1.

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Abstract A method was recently proposed for evaluating the impact of a perturbation, such as air pollution or urbanization, on the precipitation at a location by calculating the ratio between the precipitation at the perturbed location and that at a location believed to be unperturbed. However, this method may be inappropriate because of the high degree of variability of precipitation at each of the stations. To explore the validity of this approach, noisy annual rainfall records are generated numerically in an upwind, unperturbed station and in a downwind, perturbed station, and the time seri

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18

R, RAJA, BALASUBRAMANIAN T N, and KARTHIKEYAN R. "Almanac study on forecasting annual rainfall." Madras Agricultural Journal 90, December (2003): 596–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00142.

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An analysis was taken up to find out the validity of forecasting annual rainfall by using Tamil almanac information and 90 years (1909-1999) historical rainfall data of Coimbatore. The results revealed that the annual rainfall of a particular Tamil year in a cycle was not the same for the corresponding Tamil year in the fourth- coming cycle and one can expect an opposite event. There was no correlation between occurrence of rainfall at specific dates and total annual rainfall. Between dates of rainfall within a Tamil year had correlation.

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19

Saha, Sudip. "Precipitation concentration index (PCI) a tool to evaluate the distribution of Rainfall, Barishal, Bangladesh." International Journal of Advanced Geosciences 8, no. 2 (2020): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v8i2.31074.

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The present research work reveals the mean annual rainfall of Barishal is 2087.34 mm for the investigated period. The maximum annual rainfall was 3390 mm in the year of 1960 and minimum annual rainfall was recorded as 1277 mm in the year of 1964. The annual rainfall is inversely correlated with time. The maximum monthly rainfall is recorded in the month of July. The amount of annual rainfall is strongly significantly positively correlated with the monthly rainfall of May, June, July, August and September. In Barishal, the value of skewness for all rainfall data are positive that indicate the d

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20

Gupta, Bashabi, Seema Aggarwal, and Milu Maria Jose. "Long-Term Seasonal and Annual Rainfall Trend Analysis of Giridih District, Jharkhand, India." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 21, no. 4 (2024): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw240048.

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District Giridih is primarily rain dependent on its 95 per cent net cultivable land under summer-monsoon crops. It is classified as a mono-cropping area as it lacks irrigation facilities, essential for winter crops. In the last few years, the district experienced water stress due to the shortage of monsoon rainfall. We study long term seasonal and annual rainfall trend analyses for the Giridih district of Jharkhand in India using linear regression modelling. The last 100 years of data were taken for the study and were divided into two-time phases of 50 years each to analyse the changing patter

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21

Sowjanya, M. Venkata. "Analysis of Normal Annual Rainfall of Kadapa District in Andhra Pradesh." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 6 (2024): 2371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.63498.

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Abstract: Rainfall is an important parameter in the assessment of water resources projects. The normal annual rainfall is the average value of annual rainfall of year over a specified 30 year period. The 30 year normal is recomputed every decade. Normal annual rainfall is important in planning and design of hydraulic structures. The annual rainfall of Kadapa District for the period of 1910 to 2019 is collected from Water Resources Information Systems portal. The change in normal annual rainfall for every decade is calculated by using MS-Excel spread sheet, starting from 1910. Statistical param

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Obi, Lawrence Echefulechukwu. "Application of Hydrological Computations in Predicting Rainfall Trends in Imo State of Nigeria." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 2, no. 9 (2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2017.2.9.367.

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This research employed the empirical method in its approach and workings. Empirical data were collected and various hydrological computations and graphs were engaged through the application of the collected data. The mass curve of rainfall, hyetograph, moving average of annual rainfalls and the computations of recurrence intervals were done by applying the Weibul formular. With computations and its analysis, the recurrent intervals of rainfall magnitudes were determined and rainfall pattern within Imo State were predicted.

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Obi, Lawrence Echefulechukwu. "Application of Hydrological Computations in Predicting Rainfall Trends in Imo State of Nigeria." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 2, no. 9 (2017): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2017.2.9.367.

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This research employed the empirical method in its approach and workings. Empirical data were collected and various hydrological computations and graphs were engaged through the application of the collected data. The mass curve of rainfall, hyetograph, moving average of annual rainfalls and the computations of recurrence intervals were done by applying the Weibul formular. With computations and its analysis, the recurrent intervals of rainfall magnitudes were determined and rainfall pattern within Imo State were predicted.

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24

Zhang, Peng, He Ping Shu, Jin Zhu Ma, Gang Wang, and Li Ming Tian. "The Relationship of Debris Flow Hazards and Rainfall Erosivity in the Bailong River Basin of Southern Gansu Province, China." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 1614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1614.

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Rainfall is one of the main factors that drive soil erosion, leading to environmental problems such as increased frequency and severity of debris flows, and ecosystem damage. Rainfall erosivity represents the potential of rainfall to cause soil erosion, and is determined by a combination of rainfall intensity. The spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall erosivity was analyzed to get its relationship with the debris flows in the Bailong River Basin in China's Gansu Province. The mean annual amount of erosive rainfall accounts for 36.0-47.1% of annual precipitation. The annual mean rainfal

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Khadke, Parag A., Hanumant S. Sanap, and Subhash V. Karande. "Trend analysis of Annual, Seasonal and South-west Monsoon rainfall on Sahyadri in Maharashtra." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 4, no. 3 (2019): 508–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2605484.

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The result obtained from a trend analysis of the Annual and Seasonal rainfall of Sahyadri in Maharashtra. In this region, there are great disparities of the rainfall occurrence of 1983 to 2012. In the present study analyzes the trend of Post-Monsoon, Monsoon, Pre-Monsoon and Annual rainfall all over the Sahyadri from 1983 to 2012.The rainfall trend has been worked out for the entire study region on the basis of 90 raingauge stations spread all over the Sahyadri. The Amboli at an elevation of 720 meters gets average rainfall of 6800 mm. other stations of the eastern side of this belt gets avera

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Soldini, Luciano, and Giovanna Darvini. "Extreme rainfall statistics in the Marche region, Italy." Hydrology Research 48, no. 3 (2017): 686–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2017.091.

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A statistical analysis of the rainfalls is carried out for detecting a possible trend in the observed data. The rainfall dataset refers to the historical series collected in the hydrographic basins of the Marche region. On the one hand, the annual maximum daily, hourly and sub-hourly rainfalls have been analysed, on the other hand Climate Change Indices by Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) (R1 mm, Rx1day, R20 mm, R95pTOT, PRCPTOT) have been computed to verify an eventual variation of the frequency of the rainfall regime in the Marche region. The time series, selected

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Chen, Yi-Ru, Bofu Yu, and Graham Jenkins. "Secular variation in rainfall and intensity–frequency–duration curves in Eastern Australia." Journal of Water and Climate Change 4, no. 3 (2013): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2013.138.

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Rainfall intensity–frequency–duration curves are used extensively for storm runoff estimation. It is generally assumed that rainfall intensity would increase with global warming irrespective of the underlying changes to rainfall. This study analyzed rainfall and temperature from six sites in Eastern Australia. Two non-overlapping 30-year periods with the greatest difference in the mean annual rainfall were selected at each of the six sites to test for significant changes in the mean annual temperature and rainfall. Changes in the mean rainfall intensity for different frequencies of occurrence

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MAPLES, JOSHUA G., B. WADE BRORSEN, and JON T. BIERMACHER. "THE RAINFALL INDEX ANNUAL FORAGE PILOT PROGRAM AS A RISK MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR COOL-SEASON FORAGE." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 48, no. 1 (2016): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2016.3.

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AbstractThe recently implemented Rainfall Index Annual Forage pilot program aims to provide risk coverage for annual forage producers in select states through the use of area rainfall indices as a proxy for yield. This article utilizes unique data from a long-term study of annual ryegrass production with rainfall recorded at the site to determine whether the use of rainfall indices provides adequate coverage for annual forage growers. The rainfall index is highly correlated with actual rainfall. However, it does not provide much yield loss risk protection for our cool-season forage data.

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Sneha Babu R. and Uma G. "Analyzing the Impact of Rainfall Patterns on Agriculture, Economy and Tourism in India: A Statistical Approach." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 11 (2023): 4626–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113642.

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The current study examines rainfall trends in India, encompassing its effect on various economic aspects and forecasting for 2023-2030. The Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator are utilized to analyze annual and seasonal rainfall patterns. Results reveal a pronounced winter decline (2001-2022) alongside significant pre- monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon increases. Annual rainfall consistently de- creases, contrasting with rising pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon trends. Annual rainfall exhibits the steepest decline (-1.0891 mm/year), while the monsoon season displays the highest i

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SINGH, VIVEKANAND, and ANSHUMAN SINGH. "Variation of temperature and rainfall at Patna." MAUSAM 68, no. 1 (2021): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v68i1.445.

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In this paper, the variation of temperature and rainfall at Patna are analysed using simple non-parametric tests. The trends in the annual maximum and minimum daily temperatures, annual rainfall, annual maximum daily rainfall, number of rainy days in a year, the annual average rainfall per rainy day and the ratio of maximum to average rainfall per rainy day at Patna have been examined. Tends in total monthly rainfall, Highest daily rainfall in a month and number of rainy days in a month have also been determined for every month in a year. The monthly trends of data using simple Mann-Kendall te

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Gill, S. I., M. A. Naeth, D. S. Chanasyk, and V. S. Baron. "Runoff and sediment yield from snowmelt and rainfall as influenced by forage type and grazing intensity." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78, no. 4 (1998): 699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s97-067.

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Currently, there is interest in Western Canada in extending the grazing season using perennial and annual forages. Of greatest concern is the environmental sustainability of these grazing systems, with emphasis on their ability to withstand erosion. A study to examine the runoff and sediment yields of annual and perennial forages in central Alberta was initiated in 1994. Runoff and sediment yield were quantified under snowmelt and rainfall events for two seasons. Rainfall simulation was used to further examine runoff under growing season conditions. Four forage treatments (two annuals: tritica

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Gemmechis, Wendafiraw. "Climate Change Trend Using Descriptive Time Series Technique in Machine Learning: A Case of Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia." International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis 12, no. 3 (2024): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20241203.12.

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Understanding climate variability and monitoring time-series trends of temperature and rainfall is crucial for the sustainable development of our planet. This study utilized historical data from the Global Historical Climatology Network-Monthly (GHCN-M) provided by the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) to analyze the temperature and rainfall data from 2015 to 2022. The analysis was conducted using Python 3.1.1 on Anaconda Jupyter Notebook and the package matplotlib 3.2.1 was used for data visualization. The results revealed a pattern of maximum rainfall between March to May

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O’Donnell, Alison J., Michael Renton, Kathryn J. Allen, and Pauline F. Grierson. "Tree growth responses to temporal variation in rainfall differ across a continental-scale climatic gradient." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (2021): e0249959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249959.

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Globally, many biomes are being impacted by significant shifts in total annual rainfall as well as increasing variability of rainfall within and among years. Such changes can have potentially large impacts on plant productivity and growth, but remain largely unknown, particularly for much of the Southern Hemisphere. We investigate how growth of the widespread conifer, Callitris columellaris varied with inter-annual variation in the amount, intensity and frequency of rainfall events over the last century and between semi-arid (<500 mm mean annual rainfall) and tropical (>800 mm mean annua

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Toni, Abebe Teklu, Andreas Malcherek, and Asfaw Kebede Kassa. "Agroclimatic Zone-Based Analysis of Rainfall Variability and Trends in the Wabi Shebele River Basin, Ethiopia." Water 14, no. 22 (2022): 3699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14223699.

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The amount and annual distribution of rainfall caused a major socioeconomic and environmental problem where rainfed agriculture is predominant. This study assessed the long-term variability and trends of rainfall in the Wabi Shebele River Basin (WSRB), Ethiopia. The basin was discretized into 9 local agroclimatic zones (ACZ) based on annual rainfall and elevation. The coefficient of variation (CV) was used to check the variability of rainfall while modified Mann-Kendall (MK) and Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) methods were used to detect rainfall trends. For each ACZ, stations with long-term r

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Chen, Yi-Ru, Bofu Yu, and Graham Jenkins. "Secular Variation in Rainfall Intensity and Temperature in Eastern Australia." Journal of Hydrometeorology 14, no. 4 (2013): 1356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-12-0110.1.

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Abstract It is generally assumed that rainfall intensity will increase with temperature increase, irrespective of the underlying changes to the average rainfall. This study documents and investigates long-term trends in rainfall intensities, annual rainfall, and mean maximum and minimum temperatures using the Mann–Kendall trend test for nine sites in eastern Australia. Relationships between rainfall intensities at various durations and 1) annual rainfall and 2) the mean maximum and minimum temperatures were investigated. The results showed that the mean minimum temperature has increased signif

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Garai, Sandip, Ranjit Kumar Paul, Debopam Rakshit, et al. "An MRA Based MLR Model for Forecasting Indian Annual Rainfall Using Large Scale Climate Indices." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 5 (2023): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i51755.

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A novel method for rainfall forecasting has been proposed using Multi Resolution Analysis (MRA). This approach decomposes annual rainfall series and long-term climate indices into component sub-series at different temporal scales, allowing for a more detailed analysis of the factors influencing annual rainfall. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) is then used to predict annual rainfall, with climate indices sub-series as predictive variables, using a step-wise linear regression algorithm. The proposed model has been tested on Indian annual rainfall data and compared with the traditional MLR model

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Bagale, Damdar. "Temporal variability of seasonal and annual rainfall in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Hydrogeological Association 1 (September 1, 2024): 57–66. https://doi.org/10.3126/jnha.v1i1.78222.

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This study analyzed 107 weather stations' 42-year rainfall data (1977-2018), using the normal ratio method to estimate missing rainfall from nearby stations. This study identified the mean winter, monsoon, and annual rainfall as 69.7 mm, 1433.2 mm, and 1791.5 mm respectively. The winter, monsoon, and annual rainfall have large temporal variability. Nepal received high rainfall from Jun to September (monsoon) and the rest of the eight months received low rainfall causing water scarcity in Nepal. This study examined the increase of rainfall with heights up to mid-mountain then the rainfall decre

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Indarto, Indarto, and Askin Askin. "VARIABILITAS SPASIAL HUJAN DI WILAYAH UPT PSDA DI MALANG." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 6, no. 3 (2018): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v6i3.171-180.

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This study show the spatial variabilit of rainfall (monthly and annual) rainfall in the area of technical implementation unit of water resources management (UPT-PSDA) in Malang. Administrative area of UPT PSDA in Malang include Malang regency, Malang city, Batu, Blitar Regency, Tulungagung Regency, and Trenggalek Regency. Daily rainfall data from 88 pluviometers spread around the areas are used as main input. The research procedures consist of : (1) data pre-analysis; (2) the analyses using ESDA tools (Histogram, voronoi, QQ-Plot); (3) interpolation by using IDW method; (4) producing a themati

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Hari, Durgasrilakshmi, and Ramamohan Reddy Kasa. "Assessment of Spatiotemporal Trends in Rainfall and Rainfall Extremes in the Hyderabad City, India." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 7, no. 2 (2024): 216–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.070211.

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Rainfall is a crucial climate variable, shows irregular spatial and temporal variations. Significant spatial variability and persistent changes in land use intensify the complexity of urban weather systems. Therefore, climatological rainfall variables deserve attention from both a scientific and technological perspective. The rapid urban expansion of Hyderabad city, coupled with extreme weather variations, has led to increased environmental vulnerability. The present study aims to assess the spatiotemporal trends of annual rainfall and rainfall extremes in Hyderabad city from 1990 to 2020. Thi

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Gu, Zhijia, Yuemei Li, Shuping Huang, et al. "Assessment of Erosive Rainfall and Its Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics: Case Study of Henan Province, Central China." Water 17, no. 1 (2024): 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17010062.

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Erosive rainfall is essential for initiating surface runoff and soil erosion to occur. The analysis on its temporal and spatial distribution characteristics is crucial for calculating rainfall erosivity, predicting soil erosion, and implementing soil and water conservation. This study utilized daily rainfall observation data from 90 meteorological stations in Henan from 1981 to 2020, and conducted geostatistical analysis, M-K mutation test analysis, and wavelet analysis on erosive rainfall to reveal the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics over the past 40 years. Building on this founda

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Al-Daoudi, Ahmed S., and Y. K. Al-Timimi. "The Spatial Pattern Assessment of Annual Rainfall in Iraq for Periods from 2001 to 2023." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1371, no. 8 (2024): 082031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1371/8/082031.

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Abstract This study aims to investigate the patterns of the annual rainfall in Iraq from 2001 to 2023 using data obtained from NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The period of study was divided into five periods, each spanning five years (except the first, and the fifth period), to analyze annual rainfall variations. Spatial distribution maps and descriptive statistics were generated to assess rainfall patterns across different regions of Iraq. Results indicate significant variability in rainfall amounts and distributions over the study interval, with the northeaster

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Gaire, Amrit, Damodar Bagale, Prabin Acharya, and Ram Hari Acharya. "Spatial and Temporal Variability of Rainfall in the Western Region of Nepal." Journal of Hydrology and Meteorology 12, no. 1 (2024): 68–80. https://doi.org/10.3126/jhm.v12i1.72656.

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The temporal and spatial variability of seasonal, annual, and decadal rainfall over 44 years in western Nepal was investigated using rainfall data from 36 meteorological stations in various physiographic regions. Missing data were addressed using the normal ratio method, and significant trends in annual rainfall were assessed through the Man-Kendall test. Western Nepal receives about 79.7% of annual rainfall during the monsoon, followed by 10.7% during the pre-monsoon, 3.3% during the post-monsoon, and 6.3% during the winter. The analysis revealed distinct seasonal excess and deficit episodes,

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Zhang, Peng, Gang Wang, Li Ming Tian, and Ya Li Zhang. "Spatiotemporal Distribution of Rainfall Erosivity in the Bailong River Basin, Gansu Province." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 2377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.2377.

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Rainfall erosivity is one of the key parameters that determine soil erosion, sediment yield, and water quality, thus its importance has grown in modeling of the environmental effects of climate change. The spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall erosivity in the Bailong River Basin in China's Gansu Province were analyzed. We derived a rainfall erosivity map based on data from 18 meteorological stations in and around the basin using the inverse distance weighting interpolation approach. The annual mean rainfall erosivity within the Bailong River Basin was 798.8 MJ mm ha-1h-1yr-1. The mean

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Liang, Rui, Qiao Zhu, Huan Lian Ren, and Hua Jin. "Analysis on Characteristics of the Rainfall-Runoff in Beizhangdian Watershed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 2578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.2578.

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Beizhangdian watershed is a typical semi-dry and semi-humid region, where human activities have little effect on the hydrological cycle. Based on a 30-year hydrological observation data, the precipitation, runoff, and rainfall-runoff relationship were researched by the hydrology statistics analysis methods. The results indicated that the inter-annual change of rainfall-runoff of the watershed is remarkable, the annual distribution of rainfall-runoff is extremely uneven, and rainfall-runoff mainly occurred in flood season (June ~ September). There is a good uniformity between the variation tend

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Mushayt, Amal. "Comparative Analysis of the General Attitude of Rainfall Changes in the Regions of Hail and Assir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Social Sciences 15, no. 3 (2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54940/ss27928411.

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This comparative study analyzes the general rainfall in Ha'il and Assir based on the maximum daily and annual rainfall over 42 years (1976-2017). The data were collected at seven stations in Ha'il and ten stations in Assir to detect climate change phenomena there. The Shapiro-Wilk Test examined the rainfall data distribution. The Levene and ANOVA Tests examined variances of homogeneity. To analyze the general rainfall trend and its statistical significance, the study adopts the Semi-Averages Ratio, Binomial, and the Student's T-Tests. In Ha'il, the Semi-averages method results, and the Binomia

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Hunt, B. G. "Climatological Extremes of Simulated Annual Mean Rainfall." Journal of Climate 19, no. 20 (2006): 5289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3921.1.

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Abstract The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Mark 2 global coupled climatic model has been used to generate a 10 000-yr simulation of “present” climate. The resultant dataset has been used to investigate a number of aspects of extremes associated with annual mean rainfall. Multimillennial time series of normalized rainfall amounts for selected points are used to highlight secular variability, spatial variations, and the differences between pluvial and drought conditions. Global distributions are also presented for selected rainfall characteristics, includin

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Bagale, Damodar, Lochan Prasad Devkota, Tirtha Raj Adhikari, and Deepak Aryal. "Spatio-Temporal Variability of Rainfall Over Kathmandu Valley of Nepal." Journal of Hydrology and Meteorology 11, no. 1 (2023): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jhm.v11i1.59661.

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The present study used and analyzed rainfall data from 18 meteorological stations from 1971 to 2013 to examine the spatial and temporal variability of seasonal and annual rainfall based on rain gauge measurements. The monthly to annual rainfall analysis was carried out for each site of Kathmandu Valley. Rainfall amounts in Kathmandu Valley vary considerably in space and time. The minimum mean monthly rainfall is observed in November which is 6.5 mm and maximums of 447.8 mm in July. Monsoon is the main contributor of the rainfall which is 80% followed by pre-monsoon with 13.6%, post-monsoon wit

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Pawar, Uttam, Pramodkumar Hire, Miyuru B. Gunathilake, and Upaka Rathnayake. "Spatiotemporal Rainfall Variability and Trends over the Mahi Basin, India." Climate 11, no. 8 (2023): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli11080163.

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Climate change can have an influence on rainfall that significantly affects the magnitude frequency of floods and droughts. Therefore, the analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution, variability, and trends of rainfall over the Mahi Basin in India is an important objective of the present work. Accordingly, a serial autocorrelation, coefficient of variation, Mann–Kendall (MK) and Sen’s slope test, innovative trend analysis (ITA), and Pettitt’s test were used in the rainfall analysis. The outcomes were derived from the monthly precipitation data (1901–2012) of 14 meteorology stations in the Mah

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SELVARAJ, R. SAMUEL, S. TAMILSELVI, and R. GAYATHRI. "Fractal analysis: Annual rainfall in Chennai." MAUSAM 61, no. 1 (2021): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v61i1.774.

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The annual rainfall data of Chennai is analyzed using the Fractal Construction Technique. According to Mandelbrot the dimension of any line including nautical lines may not be Euclidean but Fractional, Mandelbrot, 1982. This fractional dimension leads to a repetitive appearance of any pattern. Climate which is usually periodic by nature can be analyzed through this technique. Efforts are on to search the fractal geometry of climate and to predict its periodicity on different temporal scales. This paper estimates the various parameters like Lyapunov exponent, Maximum Lyapunov characteristic exp

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Levine, Jonathan M., A. Kathryn McEachern, and Clark Cowan. "Rainfall effects on rare annual plants." Journal of Ecology 96, no. 4 (2008): 795–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01375.x.

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