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1

Gyamfi, George, and Panida Sukseemuang. "Effect of Tell Me More on EFL undergraduate students’ English Language achievement." Open Praxis 9, no. 4 (2017): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.9.4.724.

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This descriptive study aimed at finding the impact of Tell Me More (TMM), an online language-learning program, on English as a foreign language (EFL) undergraduate learners’ achievement in a University in Thailand. The study also looked at whether the time of use of TMM had an effect on learners’ achievement. Data was collected from the scores of students at four proficiency levels who did the placement, progress and achievement tests in the TMM program for the 2015 academic year. The analysis of the data indicated an improvement in English language achievement for the beginner and advanced pr
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Schetz, Katherine F. "An Examination of Software used with Enhancement for Preschool Discourse Skill Improvement." Journal of Educational Computing Research 11, no. 1 (1994): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/237d-t6cg-8d8h-dwpd.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether commercially available software used with enhancement could improve discourse skills in Head Start students over improvements obtained without enhancement, and over improvements of ordinary classroom instruction. Head Start students ( N = 93) in the software conditions received instruction over three months. Pretest/posttest scores on the Preschool Language Assessment Instrument of the seventy-eight students who completed the program were analyzed with a 3 × 2 repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). No statistically significant differe
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Al-Qudah, Fatima Zaki Mohammad. "Improving English Pronunciation Through Computer-Assisted Programs In Jordanian Universities." Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC) 9, no. 3 (2012): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/tlc.v9i3.7085.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of using computer- assisted programs for teaching English pronunciation on students' performance in English Language pronunciation in Jordanian universities. To achieve the purpose of the study, a pre/post-test was constructed to measure students' level in English pronunciation. The sample of the study consisted of 149 third year students; (73) male students and (76) female students from Al Zaytoonah university during the second semester of the academic year 2010/2011. The subjects of the study were distributed into two groups (experime
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Alghazo, Emad M., Sumaya Daoud, and Jamal Hassan Abu-Attiyeh. "Breaking Sound Barriers: Cultivating Expressive Language in Children with Hearing Impairment Through a Computer-Based Intervention Program." World Journal of English Language 14, no. 3 (2024): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v14n3p284.

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The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a linguistic educational program in improving expressive language skills among individuals with mild hearing impairment in the UAE. To achieve this goal, the researchers designed a computer-based program that targeted expressive language abilities in children with language disorders. The study recruited 30 children who were randomly assigned to either an experimental group, who received the computer-based program, or a control group, who underwent traditional training methods at centers. After conducting an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA
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Ma, Guo Qiang, and Xiao Juan Wang. "An Efficient Algorithm Optimization of CT Images Segmentation Based on K-Means Clustering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (February 2014): 386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.386.

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Computer tomography image (CT Image) segmentation algorithms have a number of advantages. However, most of these image segmentation algorithms suffer from long computation time because the number of pixels and the encoding parameters is large. We optimized the k-means clustering program with MATLAB language in order to improve the efficiency and stability of k-clustering algorithm in CT image segmentation. One hundred CT images are used to test the proposed method code and compare with the k-means function of the MATLAB R2012a Statistics Toolbox. We analyzed the difference of the two kinds pro
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Hamad, Ali Ahmad Bani. "The Impact of Providing Computer Language Experience on the Reading Readiness among Preschool Children." Modern Applied Science 12, no. 7 (2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v12n7p27.

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This study aim to identify the effect of computer literacy on reading readiness among preschool children. The study sample consisted of (49) preschool children studying at the First University Kindergarten distributed into to two groups: experimental and control. The language experience of the experimental group was presented to students through using the computer for two years. A program has been designed for this purpose using the Multimedia Builder software. In order to answer the study questions, the mathematical averages, standard deviations, ANCOVA and MANCOVA analysis were used. The res
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Golshaie, Ramin, and Arsalan Golfam. "Processing Conventional Conceptual Metaphors in Persian: A Corpus-Based Psycholinguistic Study." Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 44 (June 7, 2014): 495–518. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13963576.

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Research on the psycholinguistic processing of conceptual metaphors has produced contrasting results in recent years.‎ There have also been criticisms that in experimental studies of metaphor processing, linguistic stimuli are mostly intuition-based and not designed objectively based on the original language use data.‎ To address these issues, we studied the processing of conventional metaphoric expressions in Persian language using corpus data.‎ A reading time experiment was designed to test whether conventional metaphoric expressions activated conceptual metaphors.‎ A corpus
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Mierzwa, Ewelina. "Foreign Language learning and teaching Enjoyment: Teachers’ Perspectives." Journal of Education Culture and Society 10, no. 2 (2019): 170–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20192.170.188.

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Aim. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the level of Foreign Language learning Enjoyment and Foreign Language teaching Enjoyment experienced by foreign language teachers in Poland. The secondary aim of the study was to investigate the sources of FLE from the perspective of FL teachers.
 Methods. The informants of the study were Polish educators teaching foreign languages at different educational levels (from primary to tertiary education). To compute the obtained quantitative data, the statistical program STATISTICA was used. Standard descriptive and inferential
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Nezakatgoo, Behzad. "The Effects of Portfolio Assessment on Writing of EFL Students." English Language Teaching 4, no. 2 (2011): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v4n2p231.

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The primary focus of this study was to determine the effect of portfolio assessment on final examination scores of EFL students’ writing skill. To determine the impact of portfolio-based writing assessment 40 university students who enrolled in composition course were initially selected and divided randomly into two experimental and control groups. A quasi-experimental research design was adopted in this study. In order to appraise the homogeneity of the experimental and control groups Comprehensive English Language Test (CELT) was employed at the beginning of the study. The pre-test was appli
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ELDaou, Badrie, and Farah Jalloul. "The effect of training individuals with mild intellectual disability in scaffolding strategies and computer software on their generalization skills." World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues 8, no. 3 (2017): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/wjet.v8i3.2036.

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 Objective: The study aimed at investigating the effect of scaffolding strategies as thinking out loud and verbalization of instructions strategies on the generalization skills of language-related concepts in mildly intellectual disabled students.
 Method: Twenty-seven subjects in three treatments were trained in solving a pattern of the Thurston letter series task. Group1 students received language concepts through training in verbal instructions and thinking out loud strategy.
 Group 2 students received language concepts training through computers. Group 3 stu
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Gezgin, Deniz Mertkan, Sedef Mert, Aysima İrem Kesici, and Soner Yıldırım. "Understanding University Students' Intentions to Use Chatbots in Computer Programming Education: A Quantitative Study." Sakarya University Journal of Education 14, Special Issue-AI in Education (2024): 142–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.19126/suje.1426980.

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Recently, the use of artificial intelligence in education is one of the more frequently discussed issues by researchers. Especially the use of artificial intelligence applications called chatbots or artificial intelligence language models in education is increasing day by day. Although the use of chatbots in education is possible for every course, it is observed that students intend to use chatbots as an assistant, an instructor, or a guide, especially in computer programming courses, which are difficult to learn and have complex structures. In this context, the aim of this study is to examine
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Saydumarova, Sevara. "ASSESSING B1 LEVEL LEARNERS' WRITING SKILLS THROUGH PORTFOLIO AND ACHIEVEMENT TESTS." Journal of Science-Innovative Research in Uzbekistan 3, no. 4 (2025): 538–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15305407.

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The primary focus of this study was to determine the effect of portfolio assessment on final examination scores of EFL students’ writing skill. To determine the impact of portfolio-based writing assessment 40 university students who enrolled in composition course were initially selected and divided randomly into two experimental and control groups. A quasi-experimental research design was adopted in this study. In order to appraise the homogeneity of the experimental and control groups Comprehensive English Language Test (CELT) was employed at the beginning of the study. The pre-test was
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Jamshed, Mohammad, Iftikhar Alam, Sultan Al Sultan, and Sameena Banu. "Using artificial intelligence for English language learning: Saudi EFL learners' opinions, attitudes and challenges." Journal of Education and e-Learning Research 11, no. 1 (2024): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/jeelr.v11i1.5397.

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The study investigates EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners' opinions, attitudes and the challenges of incorporating AI-powered teaching and learning. It also examines how their ideas and attitudes are affected by demographic variables. 258 students were selected using a random sampling method from a population comprising students studying in different levels of programs at the College of Science and College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam bin Abdul-Aziz University, KSA. A questionnaire was self-developed using some modified items from prior studies as the study looks at how
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Al Seghayer, Khalid. "The Impact of Four Reading Motivational Constructs on Motivating EFL Learners to Read Online Texts in English." International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching 3, no. 2 (2013): 56–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcallt.2013040104.

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It is generally acknowledged that motivation plays a critical role in second-language (L2) reading. The technology-enhanced learning environment, specifically the computer-assisted reading environment as an interactive tool with distinctive attributes, is said to motivate English as a foreign language (EFL) learners to make more sustained efforts in online reading and show greater perseverance. Such an environment encourages students to devote more time to reading due to its ability to more profoundly engage English learners in reading accessible, electronic English texts. The present study in
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Perikova, Ekaterina I., Ekaterina N. Blinova, and Ekaterina A. Andriushchenko. "The Influence of the Learning Environment on Fast Mapping and Explicit Encoding of New Vocabulary: Results of a Pilot Study." Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal, no. 85 (2022): 174–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/17267080/85/9.

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The availability of virtual reality (VR) tools and the attractiveness of their interactivity for users have influenced the spread of this technology in the field of language educational programs. However, scientific studies of the effectiveness of VR in comparison with traditional methods are few and show conflicting results, which can be explained by the influence of additional factors, such as the learner's motor activity and the speech learning strategies used. In order to clarify the role of these factors, we developed a natural design of learning tasks in VR on a computer monitor, based o
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Sáiz-Manzanares, María Consuelo, Raúl Marticorena-Sánchez, M. Camino Escolar-Llamazares, and Rut Velasco-Saiz. "Monitoring Educational Intervention Programs for Children and Young People with Disabilities through a Web Application." Education Sciences 14, no. 3 (2024): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci14030306.

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Early care professionals have to use instruments for assessing functional skills in children susceptible to early intervention that apply records and produce developmental profiles and personalized intervention proposals. The aims of the study were (1) to analyze the development of functional skills in users with an age range of 48–252 months attending school in a therapeutic intervention center for people with motor impairments; and (2) to analyze the development of functional skills in users with different impairments and ages ranging from 7 to 162 months participating in an early outpatient
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Xinyu, Zhang, and Marina G. Sergeeva. "Research on the level of digital literacy of English language teachers (a case study in China)." Perspectives of science and education 70, no. 4 (2024): 662–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2024.4.41.

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Introduction. As the main force in cultivating digital citizens in the new era, teachers’ digital literacy level is directly related to the development of the entire nation’s digital literacy. Therefore, it is necessary to study the current development status of teachers’ digital literacy. This study aims to investigate the development status of digital literacy of English teachers in Changzhi City, China, through empirical research, and to discover the problems faced by teachers in the development of digital literacy. Materials and methods. The respondents of this study were English teachers
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Andrew, Matthew, Jennifer Taylorson, Donald J Langille, Aimee Grange, and Norman Williams. "Student Attitudes towards Technology and Their Preferences for Learning Tools/Devices at Two Universities in the UAE." Journal of Information Technology Education: Research 17 (2018): 309–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4111.

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Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to survey student opinions about technology in order to best implement and utilize technology in the classroom. In this paper, technology refers to ‘digital technology’. The aims of this study were to: (1) examine student attitudes towards technology in regards to enjoyment and perceived usefulness; (2) investigate what tools and devices students enjoyed and preferred to use for learning; (3) examine whether students preferred learning with books and paper instead of technological devices (e.g. laptops, tablets, smartphones); and (4) investigate wheth
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19

Schetaki, Stefania, Evridiki Patelarou, Konstantinos Giakoumidakis, Christos Kleisiaris, and Athina Patelarou. "Evidence-Based Practice Competency of Registered Nurses in the Greek National Health Service." Nursing Reports 13, no. 3 (2023): 1225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nursrep13030105.

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Nurses’ competency toward evidence-based practice (EBP) has been extensively investigated by several studies worldwide. However, factors affecting the competence of Greek nurses working in the NHS have not been fully investigated in terms of EBP. Thus, this study aimed to explore the impact of the individual qualifications of nurses on their competence toward EBP. Data from 473 registered nurses working in 10 hospitals in the Greek National Health Service (NHS) were collected between October and December 2020 using a convenience sampling method in a cross-section design. The Greek version of t
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Ras, Fakhri. "An Analysis of English Proficiency of the Students of Universitas Riau – Indonesia." International Journal of Educational Best Practices 1, no. 1 (2017): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ijebp.v1n1.p111-122.

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The objectives of this study are to: (1) acknowledge the students’ English competence based onthe taken majors and study programs, (2) determine the general English competence (TOEFLEquivalent). The target group of the study is all students who took English language at variousfaculties and at the same time also enrolled at TOEFL Equivalent at UPT Bahasa Universitas Riau(Language Center). The number of the population is 9.765 the students. Due to the homogenouscharacters of the population, 20% out of the population (1.953 students) were taken as sample ofthe research. TOEFL Equivalent compiled
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Karn, Helen E., and MacEnglish. "Pronunciation Plus (Computer Program)." TESOL Quarterly 30, no. 1 (1996): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3587618.

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Solomon, Gabriela R., and Ford Language Institute. "The American Accent Program (Computer Program, Version 4.0)." TESOL Quarterly 27, no. 4 (1993): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3587425.

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McMinn, Mark R., and James D. Foster. "A Computer Program to Teach Nonsexist Language." Teaching of Psychology 18, no. 2 (1991): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top1802_16.

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Reps and Teitelbaum. "Language Processing in Program Editors." Computer 20, no. 11 (1987): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.1987.1663414.

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Garganera, Japhet Mari S., Darrel M. Ocampo, and Cleo D. Gueriba. "English Language Proficiency and Communicative Competence among Graduate Students in Bicol Region, Philippines: A Foundation for English Language Enhancement Program Development." Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies 50, no. 11 (2024): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i111644.

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Aims: To examine the English Language Proficiency and Communicative Competence of Graduate School Students in specific institutions within the Bicol Region of the Philippines, serving as the foundation for an English Language Enhancement Program. Study Design: The study employed a descriptive-comparative-correlational design, utilizing content-validated and reliability-tested questionnaires alongside the English First Standardized English Test (EF SET), a standardized English proficiency test. Place and Duration of Study: Naga College Foundation-Graduate school institution within the Bicol Reg
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Yalcin, Hatice, and Murat Demirekin. "Training Program Supporting Language Acquisition." International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science 13, no. 3 (2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijmecs.2021.03.01.

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Schetz, Katherine F. "Computer-Aided Language/Concept Enrichment in Kindergarten." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 20, no. 1 (1989): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2001.02.

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A model program for language/concept enrichment was set up with 22 kindergarten students as participants. A total screening score during routine kindergarten screenings relative to the areas of articulation, language and concepts was low for each of these students, but not low enough to recommend indepth diagnostic testing. The objective of the program was to demonstrate the role of the speech-language pathologist as consultant, an alternate service delivery model for public school speech-language services. Language/concept enrichment was provided by volunteers using four educational software
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Underwood, John, Keith Cameron, Theo Bongaerts, Pieter de Haan, Sylvia Lobbe, and Herman Wekker. "Computer Assisted Language Learning: Program Structure and Principles." Modern Language Journal 74, no. 4 (1990): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/328534.

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Walczyk, Jeffrey J. "A computer program for constructing language comprehension tests." Computers in Human Behavior 9, no. 1 (1993): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0747-5632(93)90026-o.

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Wolach, Allen H. "Developing a computer program to facilitate language training." Computers in Human Behavior 10, no. 4 (1994): 541–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0747-5632(94)90046-9.

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Baniassad, Elisa, and Clayton Myers. "An exploration of program as language." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 44, no. 10 (2009): 547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1639949.1640132.

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Van Merriënboer, Jeroen J. G., and Marcel B. M. De Croock. "Strategies for Computer-Based Programming Instruction: Program Completion vs. Program Generation." Journal of Educational Computing Research 8, no. 3 (1992): 365–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/mjdx-9pp4-kfmt-09pm.

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Two instructional strategies were implemented in a two-and-a-half hour computer-based training program that was designed to teach elementary turtle graphics programming techniques to novice undergraduate students ( N = 40). Learning activities that either emphasized the completion of existing programs or the generation of new programs were studied for the two strategies. In the completion group, the information needed to perform the program completion tasks appeared to be largely available in the to-be-completed programs; in the generation group, students frequently had to search for useful ex
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Diemer, Rachel, David De Jong, Karen Kindle, and Ayana Campoli. "Reading Achievement in A Dual Language Setting: An Examination of English Language Learners at the Elementary Level." Dual Language Research and Practice Journal 5, no. 1 (2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/dlrpj-v5.a8.

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Dual or two-way immersion programs utilize two languages of instruction to promote bilingualism and biliteracy. This study examined the impact of dual language instruction on the reading achievement and language acquisition of English language learners (ELL) at the elementary level in a public school district in a Midwestern state. The school population included 778 students in which 400 students were enrolled in the dual language program (327 ELL, 73 English) and 378 students were enrolled in a traditional setting (225 ELL, 153 English). A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to comp
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Baughan, Carolyn E. "Daedalus Integrated Writing Environment (Computer Program)." TESOL Quarterly 29, no. 2 (1995): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3587635.

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Jacobs, Paul S. "TRUMP: A transportable language understanding program." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 7, no. 3 (1992): 245–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/int.4550070303.

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Sulzmann, Martin, and Răzvan Voicu. "Language-Based Program Verification via Expressive Types." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 174, no. 7 (2007): 129–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2006.10.041.

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Jones, Mark P., and Iavor S. Diatchki. "Language and program design for functional dependencies." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 44, no. 2 (2009): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1543134.1411298.

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Sklenar, Ivan. "Programming language assessments using the program profiles." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 20, no. 4 (1985): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/988316.988324.

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Zuidema, Johan, Gellof Kanselaar, H. Wichmann, M. Giezeman, L. Koster, and J. van der Veen. "Vrue Taalprodukties En De Computer." Computer-ondersteund talenonderwijs 33 (January 1, 1989): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.33.05zui.

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In second language teaching a great deal of attention is paid to the learning of communicative skills. The computer program PRESTIGE (Productive and Receptive English, a Smart Tutor and Intelligent Generator of Exercises) subscribes to the views currently held in communicative language teaching. Among these are learning the meaning of a word through deduction of the word's meaning from contexts, and emphasizing the use of productive language. The computer program PRESTIGE, written in PROLOG, consists of several parts: A parser, which checks if syntax, spelling and inflection of pupils' input s
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Leidy, Judy, Ann Burke, Anne Merkel, and Marlin Howard. "Using Computer Assisted Instruction in an ESL Language Program." IALLT Journal of Language Learning Technologies 15, no. 1 (2019): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/iallt.v15i1.9074.

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Brecht, M. L., J. Arthur Woodward, and Jodi Gistenson. "Comparison of Three Statistical Computer Programs in Teaching Analysis of Variance." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 13, no. 4 (1985): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jldj-0lpc-7lfd-j00x.

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Subjects analyzed data from typical ANOVA designs using three different computer programs. Several measures of cost, completion, and ease of program use were recorded and compared in a repeated measures Latin square design. Within time constraints and support that simulate an instructional setting, subjects could not answer the research questions using two traditional computer packages, but subjects completed all analyses using an interactive personal computer program designed to minimize computer-related difficulties. Such results can be useful in guiding design of instructional strategies an
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Sarkisyan, A. A., and Yu G. Shukuryan. "Program testing technology based on specification language." Cybernetics 26, no. 6 (1991): 795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01069487.

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Ensink, Brian, Joel Stanley, and Vikram Adve. "Program Control Language: a programming language for adaptive distributed applications." Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing 63, no. 11 (2003): 1082–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0743-7315(03)00117-5.

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Vistein, Michael, Frank Ortmeier, Wolfgang Reif, Ralf Huuck, and Ansgar Fehnker. "An Abstract Specification Language for Static Program Analysis." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 254 (October 2009): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2009.09.066.

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Su, Zejia, Qingnan Fan, Xuelin Chen, Oliver Van Kaick, Hui Huang, and Ruizhen Hu. "Scene-Aware Activity Program Generation with Language Guidance." ACM Transactions on Graphics 42, no. 6 (2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3618338.

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We address the problem of scene-aware activity program generation, which requires decomposing a given activity task into instructions that can be sequentially performed within a target scene to complete the activity. While existing methods have shown the ability to generate rational or executable programs, generating programs with both high rationality and executability still remains a challenge. Hence, we propose a novel method where the key idea is to explicitly combine the language rationality of a powerful language model with dynamic perception of the target scene where instructions are ex
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Ravari, Navid Rostami, Rodziah Latih, and Abdullah Mohd Zin. "Multi-Language Program Understanding Tool." International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 13, no. 4 (2023): 1554. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.13.4.18019.

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Telap, Cherry, Benny Pinontoan, and Jullia Titaley. "Derivation of Quantum Guarded Command Language Program for Average." d'CARTESIAN 4, no. 2 (2015): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/dc.4.2.2015.9055.

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Has conducted research to determine the derivation of quantum guarded command language (qGCL) program for average. Initially calculation of average value was made in guaded command language (GCL) which is then implemented on a digital computer into the Pascal programming language. Furthermore GCL to calculate the average value was analyzed again to be made in the quantum guarded command language (qGCL). qGCL implementation is on a quantum computer is a future computer could perform calculations very quickly because it uses a superposition state is referred to as quantum bits (qubits). Keywords
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Malakoff, Marguerite E. "The effect of language of instruction on reasoning in bilingual children." Applied Psycholinguistics 9, no. 1 (1988): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400000436.

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ABSTRACTThe effect of language of instruction on verbal reasoning of balanced bilingual children was investigated. Subjects were 36 sixth-grade French-English bilinguals who were receiving primary instruction in either French or English. Eight types of verbal analogies were created by varying the language of the analogy stem (French or English), the language of the analogy solution (French or English), and level of difficulty (easy or hard). The primary analysis was conducted through ANOVA with program type as between-subjects variable and item types as repeated measures factors. The results s
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Irshad, Mufeeda, Merel Keijzer, Martijn Wieling, and Marjolijn Verspoor. "Effectiveness of a dynamic usage based computer assisted language program." Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics 8, no. 2 (2019): 137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dujal.16018.irs.

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Abstract The current paper explores whether a Dynamic Usage Based (DUB) approach – which takes authentic meaningful language use with repetition and scaffolding for comprehension as its basis – can also be implemented in a CALL environment. The effectiveness of the DUB-CALL program was tested in a semester-long experiment, comparing it with a teacher-fronted DUB program (using the same materials as the CALL program) and a traditional CLT program; 228 university undergraduates in Sri Lanka participated. Language gains were assessed in a pre-post design with an objective General English Proficie
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Lomax, A. "The suitability of language syntaxes for program generation." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 22, no. 3 (1987): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/24697.24707.

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