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Journal articles on the topic 'Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Eiler, Alexander, Sara Beier, Christin Sï¿½wstrï¿½m, Jan Karlsson, and Stefan Bertilsson. "High Ratio of Bacteriochlorophyll Biosynthesis Genes to Chlorophyll Biosynthesis Genes in Bacteria of Humic Lakes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 22 (2009): 7221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00960-09.

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ABSTRACT Recent studies highlight the diversity and significance of marine phototrophic microorganisms such as picocyanobacteria, phototrophic picoeukaryotes, and bacteriochlorophyll- and rhodopsin-holding phototrophic bacteria. To assess if freshwater ecosystems also harbor similar phototroph diversity, genes involved in the biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll and chlorophyll were targeted to explore oxygenic and aerobic anoxygenic phototroph composition in a wide range of lakes. Partial dark-operative protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (DPOR) and chlorophyllide oxidoreductase (COR) genes in bacteria of seven lakes with contrasting trophic statuses were PCR amplified, cloned, and sequenced. Out of 61 sequences encoding the L subunit of DPOR (L-DPOR), 22 clustered with aerobic anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria, whereas 39 L-DPOR sequences related to oxygenic phototrophs, like cyanobacteria, were observed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clear separation of these freshwater L-DPOR genes as well as 11 COR gene sequences from their marine counterparts. Terminal restriction fragment length analysis of L-DPOR genes was used to characterize oxygenic aerobic and anoxygenic photosynthesizing populations in 20 lakes differing in physical and chemical characteristics. Significant differences in L-DPOR community composition were observed between dystrophic lakes and all other systems, where a higher proportion of genes affiliated with aerobic anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria was observed than in other systems. Our results reveal a significant diversity of phototrophic microorganisms in lakes and suggest niche partitioning of oxygenic and aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs in these systems in response to trophic status and coupled differences in light regime.

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2

Yurkov, Vladimir V., and J. Thomas Beatty. "Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 62, no. 3 (1998): 695–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.62.3.695-724.1998.

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SUMMARY The aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are a relatively recently discovered bacterial group. Although taxonomically and phylogenetically heterogeneous, these bacteria share the following distinguishing features: the presence of bacteriochlorophyll a incorporated into reaction center and light-harvesting complexes, low levels of the photosynthetic unit in cells, an abundance of carotenoids, a strong inhibition by light of bacteriochlorophyll synthesis, and the inability to grow photosynthetically under anaerobic conditions. Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are classified in two marine (Erythrobacter and Roseobacter) and six freshwater (Acidiphilium, Erythromicrobium, Erythromonas, Porphyrobacter, Roseococcus, and Sandaracinobacter) genera, which phylogenetically belong to the α-1, α-3, and α-4 subclasses of the class Proteobacteria. Despite this phylogenetic information, the evolution and ancestry of their photosynthetic properties are unclear. We discuss several current proposals for the evolutionary origin of aerobic phototrophic bacteria. The closest phylogenetic relatives of aerobic phototrophic bacteria include facultatively anaerobic purple nonsulfur phototrophic bacteria. Since these two bacterial groups share many properties, yet have significant differences, we compare and contrast their physiology, with an emphasis on morphology and photosynthetic and other metabolic processes.

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3

Ward, Lewis M., and Patrick M. Shih. "Granick revisited: Synthesizing evolutionary and ecological evidence for the late origin of bacteriochlorophyll via ghost lineages and horizontal gene transfer." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0239248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239248.

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Photosynthesis—both oxygenic and more ancient anoxygenic forms—has fueled the bulk of primary productivity on Earth since it first evolved more than 3.4 billion years ago. However, the early evolutionary history of photosynthesis has been challenging to interpret due to the sparse, scattered distribution of metabolic pathways associated with photosynthesis, long timescales of evolution, and poor sampling of the true environmental diversity of photosynthetic bacteria. Here, we reconsider longstanding hypotheses for the evolutionary history of phototrophy by leveraging recent advances in metagenomic sequencing and phylogenetics to analyze relationships among phototrophic organisms and components of their photosynthesis pathways, including reaction centers and individual proteins and complexes involved in the multi-step synthesis of (bacterio)-chlorophyll pigments. We demonstrate that components of the photosynthetic apparatus have undergone extensive, independent histories of horizontal gene transfer. This suggests an evolutionary mode by which modular components of phototrophy are exchanged between diverse taxa in a piecemeal process that has led to biochemical innovation. We hypothesize that the evolution of extant anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria has been spurred by ecological competition and restricted niches following the evolution of oxygenic Cyanobacteria and the accumulation of O2 in the atmosphere, leading to the relatively late evolution of bacteriochlorophyll pigments and the radiation of diverse crown group anoxygenic phototrophs. This hypothesis expands on the classic “Granick hypothesis” for the stepwise evolution of biochemical pathways, synthesizing recent expansion in our understanding of the diversity of phototrophic organisms as well as their evolving ecological context through Earth history.

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4

Imhoff, Johannes F., Tanja Rahn, Sven Künzel, and Sven C. Neulinger. "Phylogeny of Anoxygenic Photosynthesis Based on Sequences of Photosynthetic Reaction Center Proteins and a Key Enzyme in Bacteriochlorophyll Biosynthesis, the Chlorophyllide Reductase." Microorganisms 7, no. 11 (2019): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7110576.

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Photosynthesis is a key process for the establishment and maintenance of life on earth, and it is manifested in several major lineages of the prokaryote tree of life. The evolution of photosynthesis in anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria is of major interest as these have the most ancient roots of photosynthetic systems. The phylogenetic relations between anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria were compared on the basis of sequences of key proteins of the type-II photosynthetic reaction center, including PufLM and PufH (PuhA), and a key enzyme of bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis, the light-independent chlorophyllide reductase BchXYZ. The latter was common to all anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria, including those with a type-I and those with a type-II photosynthetic reaction center. The phylogenetic considerations included cultured phototrophic bacteria from several phyla, including Proteobacteria (138 species), Chloroflexi (five species), Chlorobi (six species), as well as Heliobacterium modesticaldum (Firmicutes), Chloracidobacterium acidophilum (Acidobacteria), and Gemmatimonas phototrophica (Gemmatimonadetes). Whenever available, type strains were studied. Phylogenetic relationships based on a photosynthesis tree (PS tree, including sequences of PufHLM-BchXYZ) were compared with those of 16S rRNA gene sequences (RNS tree). Despite some significant differences, large parts were congruent between the 16S rRNA phylogeny and photosynthesis proteins. The phylogenetic relations demonstrated that bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis had evolved in ancestors of phototrophic green bacteria much earlier as compared to phototrophic purple bacteria and that multiple events independently formed different lineages of aerobic phototrophic purple bacteria, many of which have very ancient roots. The Rhodobacterales clearly represented the youngest group, which was separated from other Proteobacteria by a large evolutionary gap.

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5

Kushkevych, Ivan, Jiří Procházka, Márió Gajdács, Simon K. M. R. Rittmann, and Monika Vítězová. "Molecular Physiology of Anaerobic Phototrophic Purple and Green Sulfur Bacteria." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12 (2021): 6398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126398.

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There are two main types of bacterial photosynthesis: oxygenic (cyanobacteria) and anoxygenic (sulfur and non-sulfur phototrophs). Molecular mechanisms of photosynthesis in the phototrophic microorganisms can differ and depend on their location and pigments in the cells. This paper describes bacteria capable of molecular oxidizing hydrogen sulfide, specifically the families Chromatiaceae and Chlorobiaceae, also known as purple and green sulfur bacteria in the process of anoxygenic photosynthesis. Further, it analyzes certain important physiological processes, especially those which are characteristic for these bacterial families. Primarily, the molecular metabolism of sulfur, which oxidizes hydrogen sulfide to elementary molecular sulfur, as well as photosynthetic processes taking place inside of cells are presented. Particular attention is paid to the description of the molecular structure of the photosynthetic apparatus in these two families of phototrophs. Moreover, some of their molecular biotechnological perspectives are discussed.

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6

Sattley, W. Matthew, Michael T. Madigan, Wesley D. Swingley, et al. "The Genome of Heliobacterium modesticaldum, a Phototrophic Representative of the Firmicutes Containing the Simplest Photosynthetic Apparatus." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 13 (2008): 4687–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00299-08.

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ABSTRACT Despite the fact that heliobacteria are the only phototrophic representatives of the bacterial phylum Firmicutes, genomic analyses of these organisms have yet to be reported. Here we describe the complete sequence and analysis of the genome of Heliobacterium modesticaldum, a thermophilic species belonging to this unique group of phototrophs. The genome is a single 3.1-Mb circular chromosome containing 3,138 open reading frames. As suspected from physiological studies of heliobacteria that have failed to show photoautotrophic growth, genes encoding enzymes for known autotrophic pathways in other phototrophic organisms, including ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (Calvin cycle), citrate lyase (reverse citric acid cycle), and malyl coenzyme A lyase (3-hydroxypropionate pathway), are not present in the H. modesticaldum genome. Thus, heliobacteria appear to be the only known anaerobic anoxygenic phototrophs that are not capable of autotrophy. Although for some cellular activities, such as nitrogen fixation, there is a full complement of genes in H. modesticaldum, other processes, including carbon metabolism and endosporulation, are more genetically streamlined than they are in most other low-G+C gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, several genes encoding photosynthetic functions in phototrophic purple bacteria are not present in the heliobacteria. In contrast to the nutritional flexibility of many anoxygenic phototrophs, the complete genome sequence of H. modesticaldum reveals an organism with a notable degree of metabolic specialization and genomic reduction.

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7

Ivanovsky, R. N., O. I. Keppen, N. V. Lebedeva, and D. S. Gruzdev. "Carbonic Anhydrase in Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria." Microbiology 89, no. 3 (2020): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0026261720020058.

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8

R., Saraswathi. "Isolation of Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria from Soil and Water Samples." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 23, no. 4 (2019): 1597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v23i4/pr190484.

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9

Saer, Rafael G., and Robert E. Blankenship. "Light harvesting in phototrophic bacteria: structure and function." Biochemical Journal 474, no. 13 (2017): 2107–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20160753.

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This review serves as an introduction to the variety of light-harvesting (LH) structures present in phototrophic prokaryotes. It provides an overview of the LH complexes of purple bacteria, green sulfur bacteria (GSB), acidobacteria, filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs (FAP), and cyanobacteria. Bacteria have adapted their LH systems for efficient operation under a multitude of different habitats and light qualities, performing both oxygenic (oxygen-evolving) and anoxygenic (non-oxygen-evolving) photosynthesis. For each LH system, emphasis is placed on the overall architecture of the pigment–protein complex, as well as any relevant information on energy transfer rates and pathways. This review addresses also some of the more recent findings in the field, such as the structure of the CsmA chlorosome baseplate and the whole-cell kinetics of energy transfer in GSB, while also pointing out some areas in need of further investigation.

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10

Achenbach, Laurie A., Jennifer Carey, and Michael T. Madigan. "Photosynthetic and Phylogenetic Primers for Detection of Anoxygenic Phototrophs in Natural Environments." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 7 (2001): 2922–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.7.2922-2926.2001.

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ABSTRACT Primer sets were designed to target specific 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences of photosynthetic bacteria, including the green sulfur bacteria, the green nonsulfur bacteria, and the members of theHeliobacteriaceae (a gram-positive phylum). Due to the phylogenetic diversity of purple sulfur and purple nonsulfur phototrophs, the 16S rDNA gene was not an appropriate target for phylogenetic rDNA primers. Thus, a primer set was designed that targets the pufM gene, encoding the M subunit of the photosynthetic reaction center, which is universally distributed among purple phototrophic bacteria. The pufM primer set amplified DNAs not only from purple sulfur and purple nonsulfur phototrophs but also from Chloroflexus species, which also produce a reaction center like that of the purple bacteria. Although the purple bacterial reaction center structurally resembles green plant photosystem II, the pufM primers did not amplify cyanobacterial DNA, further indicating their specificity for purple anoxyphototrophs. This combination of phylogenetic- and photosynthesis-specific primers covers all groups of known anoxygenic phototrophs and as such shows promise as a molecular tool for the rapid assessment of natural samples in ecological studies of these organisms.

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11

Widdel, Friedrich, Sylvia Schnell, Silke Heising, Armin Ehrenreich, Bernhard Assmus, and Bernhard Schink. "Ferrous iron oxidation by anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria." Nature 362, no. 6423 (1993): 834–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/362834a0.

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12

Imhoff, Johannes. "True marine and halophilic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria." Archives of Microbiology 176, no. 4 (2001): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030100326.

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13

Bundeleva, Irina A., Liudmila S. Shirokova, Pascale Bénézeth, Oleg S. Pokrovsky, Elena I. Kompantseva, and Stéphanie Balor. "Calcium carbonate precipitation by anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria." Chemical Geology 291 (January 2012): 116–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.10.003.

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14

ZHANG, Yao. "Method for quantification of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria." Chinese Science Bulletin 49, no. 6 (2004): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/03wc0447.

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15

Hegler, F., and A. Kappler. "Cryopreservation of anoxygenic phototrophic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria." Cryobiology 61, no. 1 (2010): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2010.04.001.

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16

Cottrell, Matthew T., Antonio Mannino, and David L. Kirchman. "Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria in the Mid-Atlantic Bight and the North Pacific Gyre." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 1 (2006): 557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.1.557-564.2006.

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ABSTRACT The abundance of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria, cyanobacteria, and heterotrophs was examined in the Mid-Atlantic Bight and the central North Pacific Gyre using infrared fluorescence microscopy coupled with image analysis and flow cytometry. AAP bacteria comprised 5% to 16% of total prokaryotes in the Atlantic Ocean but only 5% or less in the Pacific Ocean. In the Atlantic, AAP bacterial abundance was as much as 2-fold higher than that of Prochlorococcus spp. and 10-fold higher than that of Synechococcus spp. In contrast, Prochlorococcus spp. outnumbered AAP bacteria 5- to 50-fold in the Pacific. In both oceans, subsurface abundance maxima occurred within the photic zone, and AAP bacteria were least abundant below the 1% light depth. The abundance of AAP bacteria rivaled some groups of strictly heterotrophic bacteria and was often higher than the abundance of known AAP bacterial genera (Erythrobacter and Roseobacter spp.). Concentrations of bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl a) were low (∼1%) compared to those of chlorophyll a in the North Atlantic. Although the BChl a content of AAP bacteria per cell was typically 20- to 250-fold lower than the divinyl-chlorophyll a content of Prochlorococcus, the pigment content of AAP bacteria approached that of Prochlorococcus in shelf break water. Our results suggest that AAP bacteria can be quite abundant in some oceanic regimes and that their distribution in the water column is consistent with phototrophy.

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17

Yamada, Mitsunori, Hui Zhang, Satoshi Hanada, Kenji V. P. Nagashima, Keizo Shimada, and Katsumi Matsuura. "Structural and Spectroscopic Properties of a Reaction Center Complex from the Chlorosome-Lacking Filamentous Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacterium Roseiflexus castenholzii." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 5 (2005): 1702–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.5.1702-1709.2005.

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ABSTRACT The photochemical reaction center (RC) complex of Roseiflexus castenholzii, which belongs to the filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (green filamentous bacteria) but lacks chlorosomes, was isolated and characterized. The genes coding for the subunits of the RC and the light-harvesting proteins were also cloned and sequenced. The RC complex was composed of L, M, and cytochrome subunits. The cytochrome subunit showed a molecular mass of approximately 35 kDa, contained hemes c, and functioned as the electron donor to the photo-oxidized special pair of bacteriochlorophylls in the RC. The RC complex appeared to contain three molecules of bacteriochlorophyll and three molecules of bacteriopheophytin, as in the RC preparation from Chloroflexus aurantiacus. Phylogenetic trees based on the deduced amino acid sequences of the RC subunits suggested that R. castenholzii had diverged from C. aurantiacus very early after the divergence of filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria from purple bacteria. Although R. castenholzii is phylogenetically related to C. aurantiacus, the arrangement of its puf genes, which code for the light-harvesting proteins and the RC subunits, was different from that in C. aurantiacus and similar to that in purple bacteria. The genes are found in the order pufB, -A, -L, -M, and -C, with the pufL and pufM genes forming one continuous open reading frame. Since the photosynthetic apparatus and genes of R. castenholzii have intermediate characteristics between those of purple bacteria and C. aurantiacus, it is likely that they retain many features of the common ancestor of purple bacteria and filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria.

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18

Lamy, D., C. Jeanthon, J. Ras, et al. "Ecology of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria along an oligotrophic gradient in the Mediterranean Sea." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 1 (2011): 323–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-323-2011.

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Abstract. Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria are photoheterotrophic prokaryotes able to use both light and organic substrates for energy production. They are widely distributed in coastal and oceanic environments and may contribute significantly to the carbon cycle in the upper ocean. To better understand questions regarding links between the ecology of these photoheterotrophic bacteria and the trophic status of water masses, we examined their horizontal and vertical distribution and the effects of nutrient additions on their growth along an oligotrophic gradient in the Mediterranean Sea. Concentrations of bacteriochlorophyll-a (BChl-a) and AAP bacterial abundance decreased from the western to the eastern basins of the Mediterranean Sea and were linked with concentrations of chlorophyll-a, nutrient and dissolved organic carbon. Inorganic nutrient and glucose additions to surface seawater samples along the oligotrophic gradient revealed that AAP bacteria were nitrogen- and carbon-limited in the ultra-oligotrophic eastern basin. The intensity of the AAP bacterial growth response generally differed from that of the total bacterial growth response. BChl-a quota of AAP bacterial communities was significantly higher in the eastern basin than in the western basin, suggesting that reliance on phototrophy varied along the oligotrophic gradient and that nutrient and/or carbon limitation favors BChl-a synthesis.

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19

Lamy, D., C. Jeanthon, M. T. Cottrell, et al. "Ecology of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria along an oligotrophic gradient in the Mediterranean Sea." Biogeosciences 8, no. 4 (2011): 973–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-973-2011.

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Abstract. Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria are photoheterotrophic prokaryotes able to use both light and organic substrates for energy production. They are widely distributed in coastal and oceanic environments and may contribute significantly to the carbon cycle in the upper ocean. To better understand questions regarding links between the ecology of these photoheterotrophic bacteria and the trophic status of water masses, we examined their horizontal and vertical distribution and the effects of nutrient additions on their growth along an oligotrophic gradient in the Mediterranean Sea. Concentrations of bacteriochlorophyll-a (BChl-a) and AAP bacterial abundance decreased from the western to the eastern basin of the Mediterranean Sea and were linked with concentrations of chlorophyll-a, nutrient and dissolved organic carbon. Inorganic nutrient and glucose additions to surface seawater samples along the oligotrophic gradient revealed that AAP bacteria were nitrogen- and carbon-limited in the ultraoligotrophic eastern basin. The intensity of the AAP bacterial growth response generally differed from that of the total bacterial growth response. BChl-a quota of AAP bacterial communities was significantly higher in the eastern basin than in the western basin, suggesting that reliance on phototrophy varied along the oligotrophic gradient and that nutrient and/or carbon limitation favors BChl-a synthesis.

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20

Imhoff, Johannes F., and Pierre Caumette. "Recommended standards for the description of new species of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 4 (2004): 1415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.03002-0.

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Recommended standards for the description of new species of the anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are proposed in accordance with Recommendation 30b of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. These standards include information on the natural habitat, ecology and phenotypic properties including morphology, physiology and pigments and on genetic information and nucleic acid data. The recommended standards were supported by the Subcommittee on the taxonomy of phototrophic bacteria of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. They are considered as guidelines for authors to prepare descriptions of new species.

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21

Bergstein-Ben Dan, Talya. "Evidence for Use of Methylated Sulfur Compounds by Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria Isolated from a Salt Marsh." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 7-8 (1993): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0579.

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Anoxygenic phototrophs were isolated from salt marsh sediments and creek waters. Several of the isolates obtained were able to consume dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and dimethyl disulf ide (DMDS) during growth in the light. Rhodopseudomonassulfidophila was the most abundant phototroph in the marsh and also displayed the greatest ability to metabolize DMS. DMS stimulated CO2 fixation in R. sulfidophila. DMSO was the most likely product of DMS metabolism.

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22

Kompantseva, E. I., E. B. Naimark, N. M. Boeva, A. P. Zhukhlistov, V. M. Novikov, and N. S. Nikitina. "Interaction of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria Rhodopseudomonas sp. with kaolinite." Microbiology 82, no. 3 (2013): 316–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0026261713030077.

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23

Krevs, A., A. Kucinskiene, and N. Kuisiene. "Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria from gypsum karst lakes of Lithuania." Inland Water Biology 7, no. 1 (2014): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995082914010088.

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24

Chen, Guangyu E., Daniel P. Canniffe, and C. Neil Hunter. "Three classes of oxygen-dependent cyclase involved in chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 24 (2017): 6280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701687114.

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The biosynthesis of (bacterio)chlorophyll pigments is among the most productive biological pathways on Earth. Photosynthesis relies on these modified tetrapyrroles for the capture of solar radiation and its conversion to chemical energy. (Bacterio)chlorophylls have an isocyclic fifth ring, the formation of which has remained enigmatic for more than 60 y. This reaction is catalyzed by two unrelated cyclase enzymes using different chemistries. The majority of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria use BchE, an O2-sensitive [4Fe-4S] cluster protein, whereas plants, cyanobacteria, and some phototrophic bacteria possess an O2-dependent enzyme, the major catalytic component of which is a diiron protein, AcsF. Plant and cyanobacterial mutants in ycf54 display impaired function of the O2-dependent enzyme, accumulating the reaction substrate. Swapping cyclases between cyanobacteria and purple phototrophic bacteria reveals three classes of the O2-dependent enzyme. AcsF from the purple betaproteobacterium Rubrivivax (Rvi.) gelatinosus rescues the loss not only of its cyanobacterial ortholog, cycI, in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, but also of ycf54; conversely, coexpression of cyanobacterial cycI and ycf54 is required to complement the loss of acsF in Rvi. gelatinosus. These results indicate that Ycf54 is a cyclase subunit in oxygenic phototrophs, and that different classes of the enzyme exist based on their requirement for an additional subunit. AcsF is the cyclase in Rvi. gelatinosus, whereas alphaproteobacterial cyclases require a newly discovered protein that we term BciE, encoded by a gene conserved in these organisms. These data delineate three classes of O2-dependent cyclase in chlorophototrophic organisms from higher plants to bacteria, and their evolution is discussed herein.

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Ruivo, Mickael, Paulo Cartaxana, Maria Inês Cardoso, Ana Tenreiro, Rogério Tenreiro, and Bruno Jesus. "Extraction and quantification of pigments in aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria." Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 12, no. 6 (2014): 338–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lom.2014.12.338.

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26

Koh, Eileen Y., William Phua, and Ken G. Ryan. "Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in Antarctic sea ice and seawater." Environmental Microbiology Reports 3, no. 6 (2011): 710–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-2229.2011.00286.x.

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27

JIAO, Nianzhi. "Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria and their roles in marine ecosystems." Chinese Science Bulletin 48, no. 11 (2003): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/02wc0336.

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Jiao, Nianzhi, Michael E. Sieracki, Yao Zhang, and Hailian Du. "Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria and their roles in marine ecosystems." Chinese Science Bulletin 48, no. 11 (2003): 1064–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03185754.

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29

Pjevac, Petra, Marino Korlević, Jasmine S. Berg, et al. "Community Shift from Phototrophic to Chemotrophic Sulfide Oxidation following Anoxic Holomixis in a Stratified Seawater Lake." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 1 (2014): 298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02435-14.

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ABSTRACTMost stratified sulfidic holomictic lakes become oxygenated after annual turnover. In contrast, Lake Rogoznica, on the eastern Adriatic coast, has been observed to undergo a period of water column anoxia after water layer mixing and establishment of holomictic conditions. Although Lake Rogoznica's chemistry and hydrography have been studied extensively, it is unclear how the microbial communities typically inhabiting the oxic epilimnion and a sulfidic hypolimnion respond to such a drastic shift in redox conditions. We investigated the impact of anoxic holomixis on microbial diversity and microbially mediated sulfur cycling in Lake Rogoznica with an array of culture-independent microbiological methods. Our data suggest a tight coupling between the lake's chemistry and occurring microorganisms. During stratification, anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur bacteria were dominant at the chemocline and in the hypolimnion. After an anoxic mixing event, the anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur bacteria entirely disappeared, and the homogeneous, anoxic water column was dominated by a bloom of gammaproteobacterial sulfur oxidizers related to the GSO/SUP05 clade. This study is the first report of a community shift from phototrophic to chemotrophic sulfide oxidizers as a response to anoxic holomictic conditions in a seasonally stratified seawater lake.

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Yutin, Natalya, Marcelino T. Suzuki, and Oded Béjà. "Novel Primers Reveal Wider Diversity among Marine Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophs." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 12 (2005): 8958–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.12.8958-8962.2005.

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ABSTRACT Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAnPs) were previously proposed to account for up to 11% of marine bacterioplankton and to potentially have great ecological importance in the world's oceans. Our data show that previously used primers based on the M subunit of anoxygenic photosynthetic reaction center genes (pufM) do not comprehensively identify the diversity of AAnPs in the ocean. We have designed and tested a new set of pufM-specific primers and revealed several new AAnP variants in environmental DNA samples and genomic libraries.

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Sørensen, Ketil Bernt, Donald E. Canfield, Andreas P. Teske, and Aharon Oren. "Community Composition of a Hypersaline Endoevaporitic Microbial Mat." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 11 (2005): 7352–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.11.7352-7365.2005.

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ABSTRACT A hypersaline, endoevaporitic microbial community in Eilat, Israel, was studied by microscopy and by PCR amplification of genes for 16S rRNA from different layers. In terms of biomass, the oxygenic layers of the community were dominated by Cyanobacteria of the Halothece, Spirulina, and Phormidium types, but cell counts (based on 4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining) and molecular surveys (clone libraries of PCR-amplified genes for 16S rRNA) showed that oxygenic phototrophs were outnumbered by the other constituents of the community, including chemotrophs and anoxygenic phototrophs. Bacterial clone libraries were dominated by phylotypes affiliated with the Bacteroidetes group and both photo- and chemotrophic groups of α-proteobacteria. Green filaments related to the Chloroflexi were less abundant than reported from hypersaline microbial mats growing at lower salinities and were only detected in the deepest part of the anoxygenic phototrophic zone. Also detected were nonphototrophic γ- and δ-proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, the TM6 group, Firmicutes, and Spirochetes. Several of the phylotypes showed a distinct vertical distribution in the crust, suggesting specific adaptations to the presence or absence of oxygen and light. Archaea were less abundant than Bacteria, their diversity was lower, and the community was less stratified. Detected archaeal groups included organisms affiliated with the Methanosarcinales, the Halobacteriales, and uncultured groups of Euryarchaeota.

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Zhang, Yongyu, та Nianzhi Jiao. "Roseophage RDJLΦ1, Infecting the Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacterium Roseobacter denitrificans OCh114". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, № 6 (2009): 1745–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02131-08.

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ABSTRACT A marine roseophage RDJLΦ1 lytically infecting Roseobacter denitrificans OCh114 was isolated and characterized. RDJLΦ1 can package several host cellular proteins into its virions, and its DNA is refractory to several commonly used restriction enzymes. This paper presents the first report of a bacteriophage isolated from the aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria.

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Visscher, Pieter T., Frank P. Ende, Bartholomeus E. M. Schaub, and Hans Gemerden. "Competition between anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria and colorless sulfur bacteria in a microbial mat." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 10, no. 1 (1992): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1992.tb01648.x.

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Visscher, Pieter T., Frank P. Ende, Bartholomeus E. M. Schaub, and Hans Gemerden. "Competition between anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria and colorless sulfur bacteria in a microbial mat." FEMS Microbiology Letters 101, no. 1 (1992): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05761.x.

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Visscher, P. "Competition between anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria and colorless sulfur bacteria in a microbial mat." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 101, no. 1 (1992): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-6496(92)90071-z.

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Sato-Takabe, Yuki, Setsuko Hirose, Tomoyuki Hori, and Satoshi Hanada. "Abundance and Spatial Distribution of Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria in Tama River, Japan." Water 12, no. 1 (2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010150.

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Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAnPB) are widely distributed and regarded as key players driving the carbon cycle in surface water of global oceans, coastal and estuary areas and in other freshwater environments (e.g., ponds and lakes). However, the abundance and spatial distribution of AAnPB in rivers is much less well-known. Here we investigated the variation of the absolute cell abundances of the total bacteria, AAnPB and cyanobacteria, at four different sites in Tama River, Japan, and the spatial distribution (i.e., free-living or particle-attached existence form) of AAnPB at two out of the four sites using infra-red epifluorescence microscopy. Free-living cell abundances for the total bacteria, AAnPB and cyanobacteria were 1.6–3 × 105, 1.5–4.4 × 104 and <3.2 × 104 cells mL−1, respectively. The free-living AAnPB accounted for 6.1%–19.6% of the total bacterial abundance in the river. The peaks of the AAnPB and cyanobacteria abundances were found at the same site, suggesting that the AAnPB could potentially coexist with cyanobacteria. Meanwhile, the particle-attached AAnPB were observed at the two sites of the river, accounting for 52.2% of the total bacteria abundance in the particle. Our results showed the existence and aggregation form of AAnPB in the riverine environment.

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Karr, Elizabeth A., W. Matthew Sattley, Deborah O. Jung, Michael T. Madigan, and Laurie A. Achenbach. "Remarkable Diversity of Phototrophic Purple Bacteria in a Permanently Frozen Antarctic Lake." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 8 (2003): 4910–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.8.4910-4914.2003.

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ABSTRACT Although anoxygenic photosynthesis is thought to play an important role in the primary productivity of permanently frozen lakes in the Antarctic dry valleys, the bacterial communities responsible for this metabolism remain uncharacterized. Here we report the composition and activity of phototrophic purple bacteria in Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, as determined by analysis of a photosynthesis-specific gene, pufM. The results revealed an extensive diversity and highly stratified distribution of purple nonsulfur bacteria in Lake Fryxell and showed which phylotypes produced pufM transcripts in situ. Enrichment cultures for purple bacteria yielded two morphotypes, each with a pufM signature identical to signatures detected by environmental screening. The isolates also contained gas vesicles, buoyancy structures previously unknown in purple nonsulfur bacteria, that may be necessary for these organisms to position themselves at specific depths within the nearly freezing water column.

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Csotonyi, Julius T., Jolantha Swiderski, Erko Stackebrandt, and Vladimir Yurkov. "A new environment for aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria: biological soil crusts." Environmental Microbiology Reports 2, no. 5 (2010): 651–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-2229.2010.00151.x.

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Zhang, Yao, and Nianzhi Jiao. "Dynamics of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in the East China Sea." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 61, no. 3 (2007): 459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00355.x.

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Sato‐Takabe, Yuki, Koji Hamasaki, and Satoru Suzuki. "High temperature accelerates growth of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in seawater." MicrobiologyOpen 8, no. 5 (2018): e00710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.710.

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Berg, I. A., O. I. Keppen, E. N. Krasil’nikova, N. V. Ugol’kova, and R. N. Ivanovsky. "Carbon Metabolism of Filamentous Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria of the Family Oscillochloridaceae." Microbiology 74, no. 3 (2005): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11021-005-0060-5.

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Stegman, Monica R., Matthew T. Cottrell, and David L. Kirchman. "Leucine incorporation by aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in the Delaware estuary." ISME Journal 8, no. 11 (2014): 2339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2014.75.

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Posth, N. R., L. A. Bristow, R. P. Cox, et al. "Carbon isotope fractionation by anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in euxinic Lake Cadagno." Geobiology 15, no. 6 (2017): 798–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gbi.12254.

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Zheng, Qiang, Rui Zhang, Michal Koblížek, et al. "Diverse Arrangement of Photosynthetic Gene Clusters in Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria." PLoS ONE 6, no. 9 (2011): e25050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025050.

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Qi, Xiang, Yiwei Ren, Peng Liang, and Xingzu Wang. "New insights in photosynthetic microbial fuel cell using anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria." Bioresource Technology 258 (June 2018): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.058.

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Pokrovsky, Oleg S., Raul E. Martinez, Elena I. Kompantseva, and Liudmila S. Shirokova. "Interaction of metals and protons with anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria Rhodobacter blasticus." Chemical Geology 335 (January 2013): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.10.052.

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Bachar, Ami, Enoma Omoregie, Rutger de Wit, and Henk M. Jonkers. "Diversity and Function of Chloroflexus-Like Bacteria in a Hypersaline Microbial Mat: Phylogenetic Characterization and Impact on Aerobic Respiration." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 12 (2007): 3975–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02532-06.

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ABSTRACT We studied the diversity of Chloroflexus-like bacteria (CLB) in a hypersaline phototrophic microbial mat and assayed their near-infrared (NIR) light-dependent oxygen respiration rates. PCR with primers that were reported to specifically target the 16S rRNA gene from members of the phylum Chloroflexi resulted in the recovery of 49 sequences and 16 phylotypes (sequences of the same phylotype share more than 96% similarity), and 10 of the sequences (four phylotypes) appeared to be related to filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic members of the family Chloroflexaceae. Photopigment analysis revealed the presence of bacteriochlorophyll c (BChlc), BChld, and γ-carotene, pigments known to be produced by phototrophic CLB. Oxygen microsensor measurements for intact mats revealed a NIR (710 to 770 nm) light-dependent decrease in aerobic respiration, a phenomenon that we also observed in an axenic culture of Chloroflexus aurantiacus. The metabolic ability of phototrophic CLB to switch from anoxygenic photosynthesis under NIR illumination to aerobic respiration under non-NIR illumination was further used to estimate the contribution of these organisms to mat community respiration. Steady-state oxygen profiles under dark conditions and in the presence of visible (VIS) light (400 to 700 nm), NIR light (710 to 770 nm), and VIS light plus NIR light were compared. NIR light illumination led to a substantial increase in the oxygen concentration in the mat. The observed impact on oxygen dynamics shows that CLB play a significant role in the cycling of carbon in this hypersaline microbial mat ecosystem. This study further demonstrates that the method applied, a combination of microsensor techniques and VIS and NIR illumination, allows rapid establishment of the presence and significance of CLB in environmental samples.

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Boldareva-Nuianzina, Ekaterina N., Zuzana Bláhová, Roman Sobotka, and Michal Koblížek. "Distribution and Origin of Oxygen-Dependent and Oxygen-Independent Forms of Mg-Protoporphyrin Monomethylester Cyclase among Phototrophic Proteobacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 8 (2013): 2596–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00104-13.

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ABSTRACTMagnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway. There exist two fundamentally different forms of this enzyme. The oxygen-dependent form, encoded by the geneacsF, catalyzes the formation of the bacteriochlorophyll fifth ring using oxygen, whereas the oxygen-independent form encoded by the genebchEutilizes an oxygen atom extracted from water. The presence ofacsFandbchEgenes was surveyed in various phototrophicProteobacteriausing the available genomic data and newly designed degenerated primers. It was found that while the majority of purple nonsulfur bacteria contained both forms of the cyclase, the purple sulfur bacteria contained only the oxygen-independent form. All tested species of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs containedacsFgenes, but some of them also retained thebchEgene. In contrast tobchEphylogeny, theacsFphylogeny was in good agreement with 16S inferred phylogeny. Moreover, the survey of the genome data documented that theacsFgene occupies a conserved position inside the photosynthesis gene cluster, whereas thebchElocation in the genome varied largely between the species. This suggests that the oxygen-dependent cyclase was recruited by purple phototrophic bacteria very early during their evolution. The primary sequence and immunochemical similarity with its cyanobacterial counterparts suggests thatacsFmay have been acquired byProteobacteriavia horizontal gene transfer from cyanobacteria. The acquisition of the gene allowed purple nonsulfur phototrophic bacteria to proliferate in the mildly oxygenated conditions of the Proterozoic era.

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Waidner, Lisa A., and David L. Kirchman. "Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria Attached to Particles in Turbid Waters of the Delaware and Chesapeake Estuaries." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 12 (2007): 3936–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00592-07.

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ABSTRACT Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria are photoheterotrophs that, if abundant, may be biogeochemically important in the oceans. We used epifluorescence microscopy and quantitative PCR (qPCR) to examine the abundance of these bacteria by enumerating cells with bacteriochlorophyll a (bChl a) and the light-reaction center gene pufM, respectively. In the surface waters of the Delaware estuary, AAP bacteria were abundant, comprising up to 34% of prokaryotes, although the percentage varied greatly with location and season. On average, AAP bacteria made up 12% of the community as measured by microscopy and 17% by qPCR. In the surface waters of the Chesapeake, AAP bacteria were less abundant, averaging 6% of prokaryotes. AAP bacterial abundance was significantly correlated with light attenuation (r = 0.50) and ammonium (r = 0.42) and nitrate (r = 0.71) concentrations. Often, bChl a-containing bacteria were mostly attached to particles (31 to 94% of total AAP bacteria), while usually 20% or less of total prokaryotes were associated with particles. Of the cells containing pufM, up to 87% were associated with particles, but the overall average of particle-attached cells was 15%. These data suggest that AAP bacteria are particularly competitive in these two estuaries, in part due to attachment to particles.

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Kushkevych, Ivan, Veronika Bosáková, Monika Vítězová, and Simon K. M. R. Rittmann. "Anoxygenic Photosynthesis in Photolithotrophic Sulfur Bacteria and Their Role in Detoxication of Hydrogen Sulfide." Antioxidants 10, no. 6 (2021): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10060829.

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Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic compound that can affect various groups of water microorganisms. Photolithotrophic sulfur bacteria including Chromatiaceae and Chlorobiaceae are able to convert inorganic substrate (hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide) into organic matter deriving energy from photosynthesis. This process takes place in the absence of molecular oxygen and is referred to as anoxygenic photosynthesis, in which exogenous electron donors are needed. These donors may be reduced sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide. This paper deals with the description of this metabolic process, representatives of the above-mentioned families, and discusses the possibility using anoxygenic phototrophic microorganisms for the detoxification of toxic hydrogen sulfide. Moreover, their general characteristics, morphology, metabolism, and taxonomy are described as well as the conditions for isolation and cultivation of these microorganisms will be presented.

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