Relevant bibliographies by topics / ANSYS Workbench 16.0

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  3. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'ANSYS Workbench 16.0'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "ANSYS Workbench 16.0"

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Karatushin, S. I., D. A. Khramova, and N. A. Bildyuk. "Comparative Analysis of Novikov and Involute Gearing in the ANSYS Workbench Software Package." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 3 (732) (March 2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2021-3-16-21.

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The paper introduces the results of studying the stress-strain state of the Novikov gearing in comparison with the involute gearing, similar in geometric parameters. In both versions, the wheel and gear are selected in size and gear ratio in accordance with the most common recommendations without additional hardening by chemical heat treatment. The zone of multiple contact of mated profiles is analyzed: changes in the geometry of contacts, pressure in the contact and stresses in various phases of gearing.
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Romanov, Konstantin V., Alexander V. Motorin, Evgeny V. Solomin, Anton A. Kovalyov, Ilia I. Diachenko, and Rishat G. Galeev. "Simulating the Peltier thermoelectric module in the electricity generation mode in the ANSYS Workbench environment." Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University 16, no. 4 (December 26, 2018): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18503/1995-2732-2018-16-4-57-64.

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Vargas-Chable, Pedro, Margarita Tecpoyotl-Torres, Ramon Cabello-Ruiz, Jose Rodriguez-Ramirez, and Rafael Vargas-Bernal. "A Modified U-Shaped Micro-Actuator with a Compliant Mechanism Applied to a Microgripper." Actuators 8, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act8010028.

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In this paper, a modified U-shaped micro-actuator with a compliant mechanism is proposed. It was analyzed with a uniform and modified thin arm, as well as a similar variation in the corresponding flexure, in order to observe the impact of the compliant lumped mechanism. The use of these compliant mechanisms implies an increment in the deformation and a reduction in the equivalent stress of 25% and 52.25%, respectively. This characterization was developed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) in ANSYS Workbench. The design, analysis and simulation were developed with Polysilicon. In this study, the following performance parameters were also analyzed: force and temperature distribution. This device is supplied with voltage from 0 V up to 3 V, at room temperature. The modified U-shaped actuator was applied in both arms of a microgripper, and to evaluate its electrothermal performance, a static structural analysis has been carried out in Ansys Workbench. The microgripper has an increment in deformation of 22.33%, an equivalent stress reduction of 50%, and a decrease in operation frequency of 10.8%. The force between its jaws is of 367 µN. This low level of force could be useful when sensitive particles are manipulated.
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Maulana, Rahmad, Muhammad Razi, and Saifuddin A Jalil. "ANALISA TEGANGAN PADA PLUG VALVE MENGGUNAKAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA BERBASIS SIMULASI." Jurnal Mesin Sains Terapan 4, no. 2 (November 4, 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/jmst.v4i2.2013.

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Plug Valve adalah katup gerakan rotasi seperempat putaran yang menggunakan plug meruncing atau silinder untuk menghentikan atau mengarahkan laju aliran fluida. Plug Valve bisa dipakai mulai dari tekanan atmosfir hingga 10.000 psi (69.000 KPa) dan suhu dari 50 hingga 1.500 0F. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan analisa tegangan yang terjadi pada body plug valve akibat tekanan laju aliran fluida menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga Ansys Workbench. Pada penelitian ini, body plug valve diberikan variasi tekanan Working Pressure berdasarkan standard ASME B16.34 pada suhu material 300ºC yang kemudian dengan Test Pressure hingga tegangan yang terjadi mencapai batas Yield Tensile Strength material ASTM A216 Grade WCB yaitu sebesar 280 MPa. Hasil tegangan yang didapat berdasarkan hasil simulasi pada body plug valve yang dimodelkan didalam software Ansys Workbench didapatkan bahwa pada Working Pressure 1.02 MPa tegangan maksimum yang terjadi sebesar 3.7625 MPa, selanjutnya pada Test Pressure 16 MPa didapatkan tegangan maksimum sebesar 59.02 MPa, lalu pada Test Pressure 36 MPa didapatkan tegangan maksimum sebesar 132.8 MPa, kemudian pada Test Pressure 56 MPa didapatkan tegangan maksimum sebesar 206.57 MPa, dan pada Test Pressure 76 MPa didapatkan nilai tegangan maksimum sebesar 280.35 MPa. Berdasarkan variasi tekanan yang diberikan pada body valve didapatkan, pada test pressure 76 MPa tegangan maksimum yang terjadi sudah melewati nilai batas Yield Tensile Strength dari material yang dipakai, dalam kondisi ini body plug valve akan mengalami kegagalan distrosi deformasi plastis (plastic deformation), dimana semua perubahan yang terjadi akan terjadi secara permanen dan akan terus berlanjut hingga mencapai batas tegangan maksimum material. Kata kunci: Body, Plug Valve, Tegangan Maksimum, Pressure
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Kavitha, C., and M. Ganesh Madhan. "Characteristic Analysis on Transverse Comb Structure Using PSpice." Applied Mechanics and Materials 627 (September 2014): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.627.202.

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An analysis of transverse comb structure based MEMS accelerometer is carried out. Its static and dynamic behavior is analyzed by employing a simple electrical equivalent circuit in the acceleration range of 0-30g. The device is simulated for dc, transient and frequency conditions. In the transient analysis, the device is excited with sinusoidal and step input acceleration and the proof mass displacement is evaluated. It is found that, the capacitance and displacement values obtained from our simulation matches well with reports from ANSYS Workbench®. The maximum displacement in the structure is evaluated at different condition and the effect of damping is investigated.
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Tarcolea, Mihai, Daniel Vlasceanu, Mihai Cosmin Cotrut, Maria Diana Vrânceanu, and Raluca Monica Comăneanu. "Mechanical Effects of Simulated Pressure and Temperature Conditions on Porcelain Dental Bridges." Solid State Phenomena 216 (August 2014): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.216.157.

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A dental bridge, designed in STL format on a Dental Scanner software, was covered with the porcelain layer in 3-matic Design ©Materialise NV. FEA simulations were made in ANSYS ® Workbench TM ©SAS, Inc. Firstly, was performed the thermal analysis with the Transient Thermal module, and secondly, the structural static analysis with the Static Structural module. The applied masticatory force was of 300 N, and the studied temperatures were 36°C as reference and, as extremes, 0° and 50°C. The purpose was to determine mechanical effects in the bridge structure for a specific design of the dental bridge geometry in order to optimize its design.
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Peng, Guangjie, Zhuoran Zhang, and Ling Bai. "Wet Modal Analyses of Various Length Coaxial Sump Pump Rotors with Acoustic-Solid Coupling." Shock and Vibration 2021 (February 15, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8823150.

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The dynamic characteristics of the rotor components were determined using a first-order modal model of the rotor components for various sump pump shaft lengths for actual working environments. By employing ANSYS-Workbench software, this paper uses a fluid-solid coupling analysis to calculate the reaction forces of the fluid on the rotor with results, which is then used in dry and wet modal analyses of the rotor parts to calculate the vibration modal characteristics with and without prestresses. The differences between the wet and dry modal characteristics were compared and investigated by ANSYS. The results show that increasing the sump pump shaft length reduces the first-order natural frequency of the prestressed rotor components. The structure also experiences stress stiffening, which is more obvious in the high-order modes. The natural frequency of the rotor in the wet mode is about 16% less than that in the dry mode for the various shaft lengths due to the added mass of the water on the surface which reduces the natural frequency. In the wet modal analysis, when the structure is in a different fluid medium, the influence of its modal distribution will also change, this is because the additional mass produced by the fluid medium of different density on the structure surface is different. Thus, the wet modal analysis of the rotor is important for more accurate dynamic analyses.
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Ferreira, Marcelo do Amaral, Fábio Rodrigo Mandello Rodrigues, Marco Antônio Luersen, Paulo César Borges, Ravindra Nanda, and Marcio Rodrigues de Almeida. "Von Mises stresses on Mushroom-loop archwires for incisor retraction: a numerical study." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 25, no. 4 (August 2020): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.25.4.044-050.oar.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To perform a numerical simulation using FEM to study the von Mises stresses on Mushroom archwires. Methods: Mushroom archwires made of titanium-molybdenum alloy with 0.017 x 0.025-in cross-section were used in this study. A YS of 1240 MPa and a Young’s modulus of 69 GPa were adopted. The archwire was modeled in Autodesk Inventor software and its behavior was simulated using the finite element code Ansys Workbench (Swanson Analysis Systems, Houston, Pennsylvania, USA). A large displacement simulation was used for non-linear analysis. The archwires were deformed in their extremities with 0° and 45°, and activated by their vertical extremities separated at 4.0 or 5.0 mm. Results: Tensions revealed a maximum of 1158 MPa at the whole part of the loop at 5.0mm of activation, except in a very small area situated at the top of the loop, in which a maximum of 1324 Mpa was found. Conclusions: Mushroom loops are capable to produce tension levels in an elastic range and could be safely activated up to 5.0mm.
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Xu, Hong, Yi Chao Ding, Chui Min Luo, and Wen Yong Guan. "Dynamic Analysis and Optimization of WEDM Based on AWE and LMS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 741 (March 2015): 772–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.741.772.

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In the operation process, the Wire Electrical Discharge Machine (WEDM) has certain imperfections such as vibration and the descent of machine precision which vibration produces. This paper studies the dynamic parameter of the machine tool and optimizes the natural frequency and vibration. Taking the DK7725 taper machine tool as an example, the paper establishes a 3Dmodel with Pro-Engineer 5.0.According to the Masataks Yoshimura method, the authors could ascertain the stiffness and damping of joint surfaces among machine main parts and ascertain the equivalent dynamic model. In order to have a modal analysis about the machine tool structure, the virtual dynamic analysis module of ANSYS Workbench Environment (AWE) is used. Through the study of dynamic parameter, the authors optimize and improve the natural frequency and vibration of machine tools, compared with the finite element analysis results and the no-optimization data. And the final results show that the change rates of each order natural frequencies optimized ranges from 0% to18.9%, and the whole mechine’s optimization achieves satisfied effect.
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Pan, Cheng-Tang, Che-Hsin Lin, Ya-Kang Huang, Jason S. C. Jang, Hsuan-Kai Lin, Che-Nan Kuo, De-Yao Lin, and Jacob C. Huang. "Design of Customize Interbody Fusion Cages of Ti64ELI with Gradient Porosity by Selective Laser Melting Process." Micromachines 12, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12030307.

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Intervertebral fusion surgery for spinal trauma, degeneration, and deformity correction is a major vertebral reconstruction operation. For most cages, the stiffness of the cage is high enough to cause stress concentration, leading to a stress shielding effect between the vertebral bones and the cages. The stress shielding effect affects the outcome after the reconstruction surgery, easily causing damage and leading to a higher risk of reoperation. A porous structure for the spinal fusion cage can effectively reduce the stiffness to obtain more comparative strength for the surrounding tissue. In this study, an intervertebral cage with a porous gradation structure was designed for Ti64ELI alloy powders bonded by the selective laser melting (SLM) process. The medical imaging software InVesalius and 3D surface reconstruction software Geomagic Studio 12 (Raindrop Geomagic Inc., Morrisville, NC, USA) were utilized to establish the vertebra model, and ANSYS Workbench 16 (Ansys Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA) simulation software was used to simulate the stress and strain of the motions including vertical body-weighted compression, flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation. The intervertebral cage with a hollow cylinder had porosity values of 80–70–60–70–80% (from center to both top side and bottom side) and had porosity values of 60–70–80 (from outside to inside). In addition, according to the contact areas between the vertebras and cages, the shape of the cages can be custom-designed. The cages underwent fatigue tests by following ASTM F2077-17. Then, mechanical property simulations of the cages were conducted for a comparison with the commercially available cages from three companies: Zimmer (Zimmer Biomet Holdings, Inc., Warsaw, IN, USA), Ulrich (Germany), and B. Braun (Germany). The results show that the stress and strain distribution of the cages are consistent with the ones of human bone, and show a uniform stress distribution, which can reduce stress concentration.
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Book chapters on the topic "ANSYS Workbench 16.0"

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"Using ANSYS workbench for structural analysis." In Engineering Analysis with ANSYS Software, 511–40. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102164-4.10000-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "ANSYS Workbench 16.0"

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"Analysis of CFRP Laminates Properties under Different Layup Structure using Finite Element Analysis." In Structural Health Monitoring. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901311-30.

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Abstract. In order to study the effect of the layup structure on the static strength and low-velocity impact strength of carbon fiber/epoxy composite (CFRP) laminates, theoretical simulation analysis under different laying angles have been carried out. In this study, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) models for different CFRP laminate specimens are created using ANSYS Workbench by changing the relative volume fraction of 0°, 45° and 90° plies in each specimen and their relative location. The FEA results revealed that the increase of relative volume of 90° ply will improve the impact the impact resistance performance, while the increase of relative volume of 45° ply will take the opposite effect. Moreover, when the relative volume fraction of 0°, 45° and 90° plies are the same, the strength performance of the laminate cannot be improved by changing the thickness of the outermost layer. The study illustrated the significant effects of different stacking sequences and laying angles on the tensile and flexural failure mechanisms in composite laminates, leading to some suggestions to improve the design of composite laminates.
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Kames, Elisabeth, David Thiess, Paul Kepinski, Ryan Zaremba, and Beshoy Morkos. "Simulating Occupant Response to Low Speed, Automotive Rear-End Collisions." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86340.

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This paper outlines the modeling and analysis of an occupant’s response to a low speed, in-line, rear end collision. The response of the occupant was modeled using two methods; MATLAB was used to model the equations of motion of the occupant’s head, neck and spine and ANSYS Workbench was used to perform a structural analysis of the occupant’s spine and head. The occupant was assumed to be an average sized male, with a spine length of about 30”. The occupant was also assumed to be unaware of the impact, therefore not bracing themselves against the impact. Both of the vehicles were assumed to be 2000 kg. The leading (target) vehicle is stopped producing a velocity of 0 km/h, and the trailing (bullet) vehicle is going 16.1 km/h (10mph) producing an acceleration on impact of 22.35 m/s2. Both the MATLAB model and ANSYS model assumed that the occupant was not wearing a seat belt. The ANSYS simulation produced an acceleration of the head of 9.40 g’s, while the MATLAB model produced 5.10 g’s of acceleration at the head. These values were compared to literature of experimental crash tests. The results obtained from the two models were compared to one another as well as literature values from multiple sources to validate the results obtained. This report will outline the formulation of the two models, the results obtained from the two models, a comparison between the models, and a comparison to literature results for experimental test data.
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Rahman, Mosfequr, Sirajus Salekeen, Asher Holland, Todd Nixon, Hunter Kight, Jared Stevens, Matt Altieri, and John Adkins. "Thermal Stress Analysis and Determination of Stitching Pattern Effect on Aerodynamics of a Soccer Ball." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72419.

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Soccer is played all over the world in a wide range of temperature environments. One of the objectives of this numerical study is to determine whether temperature has an effect on the body and performance of a soccer ball. Another object is to aerodynamically determine the effect of stitching pattern of the ball on its flight. The soccer ball was modeled in ANSYS Workbench and tested with thermal-stress analysis tool at nominal temperatures of 0°C, 20°C, and 40°C. The maximum deformation of a soccer ball at normal condition occurred at 40°C which was 1.0503 cm as compared to the 0.9587 cm at 0°C. This normal condition means when the ball is subjected to an internal pressure of 80 kPa which is the standard inflation pressure. When an external 2700 Pa pressure was applied to the soccer ball which is the average force of a kick, the maximum deformation again occurred at 40°C which was 5.2289 cm as compared to the 4.7599 cm at 0°C. Therefore, the stiffness of the ball materials decreased as the temperature increased. This reveals that the ball delivers a greater force at the surface of contact when the temperature drops. The second part of this study as mentioned earlier was to study the aerodynamic effect on a soccer ball traveling through the air at a certain speed. Two types of soccer ball were analyzed for this reason to see which of the two flew better in the air. The two types were a regular FIFA soccer ball with stitching and a normal soccer ball without stitching. Two tests were performed on both types of the soccer ball. These tests were done using ANSYS FLUENT and the sought out output parameters were velocity, pressure, Reynolds Number and drag force. In the first test the soccer balls were rotating in the air and in the second test the soccer balls were not rotating in the air. For the first test, the ball without stitching had the higher velocity, Reynolds Number, and drag force, which were 126.2 m/s, 2.420 × 106, and 122.6 N respectively. This means the ball without stitching is experiencing a more random turbulent flow and is being pulled more into the direction of the drag force. This happens because the soccer ball without stitching will rotate faster and won’t have stitching patterns to create friction that will slow down the flow. For the second test, the ball with stitching had the higher velocity, Reynolds Number and drag force which were 42.22 m/s, 8.095 × 105, and 16.81 N respectively. This means the soccer ball with stitching is experiencing a random turbulent flow and is being pulled in the direction of the drag force because the stitching patterns are not in complete contact with the air to create friction.
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Abdelraouf, Hatem, Sadek Z. Kassab, and Ahmed M. Nagib Elmekawy. "Simulations of Flow Separation Control Using Different Plasma Actuator Models." In ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2020-20426.

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Abstract This study investigates the active flow control on NACA0012 airfoil numerically by introducing dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators. The flow over the airfoil simulations were performed using ANSYS program for free-stream velocity 14.6 m/s with wide range of angle of attacks (from 0 to 20 degrees) on NACA0012 airfoil with applied voltage 16 kV across the electrodes. There are several plasma actuator models, which simulate the effect of the plasma actuator. This paper focuses on two numerical methods: Shyy model and Suzen model. They depend on calculating the induced body force of the plasma and import it in Navier Stokes equation as an external body force. Mesh independence study is performed on the airfoil and validate the results without plasma activation with the experimental results. Two actuators were added at positions 0.1 and 0.3 of the chord length to the airfoil and an investigation is performed on the lift CL and drag Cd coefficients of the airfoil without and with the activation of the plasma. Thereafter, a comparison between the numerical results of two different plasma simulation models that were applied.
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Li, Zhigang, Luxuan Liu, Jun Li, Ridge A. Sibold, Wing F. Ng, Hongzhou Xu, and Michael Fox. "Effects of Upstream Step Geometry on Axisymmetric Converging Vane Endwall Secondary Flow and Heat Transfer at Transonic Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76236.

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This paper presents a detailed experimental and numerical study on the effects of upstream step geometry on the endwall secondary flow and heat transfer in a transonic linear turbine vane passage with axisymmetric converging endwalls. The upstream step geometry represents the misalignment between the combustor exit and the nozzle guide vane endwall. The experimental measurements were performed in a blowdown wind tunnel with an exit Mach number of 0.85 and an exit Re of 1.5 × 106. A high freestream turbulence level of 16% was set at the inlet, which represents the typical turbulence conditions in a gas turbine engine. Two upstream step geometries were tested for the same vane profile: a baseline configuration with a gap located 0.88Cx (43.8 mm) upstream of the vane leading edge (upstream step height = 0 mm) and a misaligned configuration with a backward facing step located just before the gap at 0.88Cx (43.8 mm) upstream of the vane leading edge (step height = 4.45% span). The endwall temperature history was measured using transient infrared thermography, from which the endwall thermal load distribution, namely Nusselt number, were derived. This paper also presents a comparison with CFD predictions performed by solving the steady-state Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) with Reynolds Stress Model using the commercial CFD solver ANSYS Fluent v.15. The CFD simulations were conducted at a range of different upstream step geometries: three forward-facing (upstream step geometries with step heights from −5.25 to 0% span), and five backward-facing, upstream step geometries (step heights from 0 to 6.56% span). These CFD results were used to highlight the link between heat transfer patterns and the secondary flow structures, and explain the effects of upstream step geometry. Experimental and numerical results indicate that the backward-facing upstream step geometry will significantly enlarge the high thermal load region and result in an obvious increase (up to 140%) in the heat transfer coefficient level, especially for arched regions around the vane leading edge. However, the forward-facing upstream geometry will modestly shrink the high thermal load region and reduce the heat transfer coefficient (by ∼10%–40% decrease), especially for the suction side regions near the vane leading edge. The aerodynamic loss appears to have a slight increase (0.3%–1.3%) as a result of the forward-facing upstream step geometry, but is slightly reduced (by 0.1%–0.3%) by the presence of the backward upstream step geometry.
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Bai, Bo, Zhigang Li, Jun Li, Shuo Mao, Wing Ng, Hongzhou Xu, and Michael Fox. "Effects of Upstream Step Geometry on Axisymmetric Converging Vane Endwall Heat Transfer and Film Cooling at Transonic Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-16154.

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Abstract In real gas turbine engines, a gap/step interface commonly exits between upstream of the inlet guide vane endwall and combustor, called upstream endwall misalignment, due to the errors of assembly and the thermal expansion. This endwall misalignment, commonly being presented as the gap/step geometry with different heights, has a significant effect on the endwall heat transfer and film cooling coverage distributions. This paper presents a detailed experimental and numerical study on the effects of upstream endwall misalignment (step geometry) on the vane endwall heat transfer and film cooling in a transonic linear turbine vane passage. The experiment measurements were performed in a blowdown wind tunnel at simulated realistic gas turbine operating conditions (high inlet freestream turbulence level of 16%, exit Mach number of 0.85 and exit Reynolds number of 1.7 × 106. Three types of upstream step geometry were tested at design blowing ratio (BR = 2.5) for the same vane profile: I) baseline geometry with zero-step height of ΔH = 0 mm; II) forward-facing step geometry with negative step height of ΔH = −5 mm; III) backward-facing step geometry with positive step height of ΔH = 5 mm. The endwall thermal load and film cooling coverage distributions were measured using transient infrared thermography, being presented as endwall Nusselt number Nu and adiabatic film cooling effectiveness η, respectively. Detailed comparisons of experiment measurements with numerical predictions were also presented and discussed for three types of upstream step configurations with ΔH = −5, 0, 5 mm, respectively. The numerical simulations were performed by solving the steady-state Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) with Realizable k-ε turbulence model, based on the commercial CFD solver ANSYS Fluent v.15. The effects of upstream step geometry were numerically studied, at the same design blowing ratio BR = 2.5, by solving the endwall Nusselt number, film cooling effectiveness and secondary flow field for various upstream step heights: three forward-facing step heights (from −8 mm to −3 mm), a baseline step height (0 mm), and four backward-facing step heights (from 3 mm to 10 mm). The results show the upstream forward-facing step geometry is beneficial for the endwall thermal load and film cooling, though the improvement is weak for all step heights (less than 10% decrease in endwall heat transfer and less than 10% increase in endwall film cooling). However, the upstream backward-facing step geometry is pernicious for the endwall heat transfer and film cooling, and the influence increases with the increasing upstream backward-facing step height. The backward-facing step geometry obviously alters near endwall flow field, leading to an enhancement (up to 20%) in endwall heat transfer and significant reduction (up to 60%) in endwall film cooling effectiveness.
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