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Journal articles on the topic 'ANSYS Workbench 16.0'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Karatushin, S. I., D. A. Khramova, and N. A. Bildyuk. "Comparative Analysis of Novikov and Involute Gearing in the ANSYS Workbench Software Package." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 3 (732) (March 2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2021-3-16-21.

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The paper introduces the results of studying the stress-strain state of the Novikov gearing in comparison with the involute gearing, similar in geometric parameters. In both versions, the wheel and gear are selected in size and gear ratio in accordance with the most common recommendations without additional hardening by chemical heat treatment. The zone of multiple contact of mated profiles is analyzed: changes in the geometry of contacts, pressure in the contact and stresses in various phases of gearing.
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2

Romanov, Konstantin V., Alexander V. Motorin, Evgeny V. Solomin, Anton A. Kovalyov, Ilia I. Diachenko, and Rishat G. Galeev. "Simulating the Peltier thermoelectric module in the electricity generation mode in the ANSYS Workbench environment." Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University 16, no. 4 (December 26, 2018): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18503/1995-2732-2018-16-4-57-64.

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3

Vargas-Chable, Pedro, Margarita Tecpoyotl-Torres, Ramon Cabello-Ruiz, Jose Rodriguez-Ramirez, and Rafael Vargas-Bernal. "A Modified U-Shaped Micro-Actuator with a Compliant Mechanism Applied to a Microgripper." Actuators 8, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act8010028.

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In this paper, a modified U-shaped micro-actuator with a compliant mechanism is proposed. It was analyzed with a uniform and modified thin arm, as well as a similar variation in the corresponding flexure, in order to observe the impact of the compliant lumped mechanism. The use of these compliant mechanisms implies an increment in the deformation and a reduction in the equivalent stress of 25% and 52.25%, respectively. This characterization was developed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) in ANSYS Workbench. The design, analysis and simulation were developed with Polysilicon. In this study, the following performance parameters were also analyzed: force and temperature distribution. This device is supplied with voltage from 0 V up to 3 V, at room temperature. The modified U-shaped actuator was applied in both arms of a microgripper, and to evaluate its electrothermal performance, a static structural analysis has been carried out in Ansys Workbench. The microgripper has an increment in deformation of 22.33%, an equivalent stress reduction of 50%, and a decrease in operation frequency of 10.8%. The force between its jaws is of 367 µN. This low level of force could be useful when sensitive particles are manipulated.
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Maulana, Rahmad, Muhammad Razi, and Saifuddin A Jalil. "ANALISA TEGANGAN PADA PLUG VALVE MENGGUNAKAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA BERBASIS SIMULASI." Jurnal Mesin Sains Terapan 4, no. 2 (November 4, 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/jmst.v4i2.2013.

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Plug Valve adalah katup gerakan rotasi seperempat putaran yang menggunakan plug meruncing atau silinder untuk menghentikan atau mengarahkan laju aliran fluida. Plug Valve bisa dipakai mulai dari tekanan atmosfir hingga 10.000 psi (69.000 KPa) dan suhu dari 50 hingga 1.500 0F. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan analisa tegangan yang terjadi pada body plug valve akibat tekanan laju aliran fluida menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga Ansys Workbench. Pada penelitian ini, body plug valve diberikan variasi tekanan Working Pressure berdasarkan standard ASME B16.34 pada suhu material 300ºC yang kemudian dengan Test Pressure hingga tegangan yang terjadi mencapai batas Yield Tensile Strength material ASTM A216 Grade WCB yaitu sebesar 280 MPa. Hasil tegangan yang didapat berdasarkan hasil simulasi pada body plug valve yang dimodelkan didalam software Ansys Workbench didapatkan bahwa pada Working Pressure 1.02 MPa tegangan maksimum yang terjadi sebesar 3.7625 MPa, selanjutnya pada Test Pressure 16 MPa didapatkan tegangan maksimum sebesar 59.02 MPa, lalu pada Test Pressure 36 MPa didapatkan tegangan maksimum sebesar 132.8 MPa, kemudian pada Test Pressure 56 MPa didapatkan tegangan maksimum sebesar 206.57 MPa, dan pada Test Pressure 76 MPa didapatkan nilai tegangan maksimum sebesar 280.35 MPa. Berdasarkan variasi tekanan yang diberikan pada body valve didapatkan, pada test pressure 76 MPa tegangan maksimum yang terjadi sudah melewati nilai batas Yield Tensile Strength dari material yang dipakai, dalam kondisi ini body plug valve akan mengalami kegagalan distrosi deformasi plastis (plastic deformation), dimana semua perubahan yang terjadi akan terjadi secara permanen dan akan terus berlanjut hingga mencapai batas tegangan maksimum material. Kata kunci: Body, Plug Valve, Tegangan Maksimum, Pressure
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5

Kavitha, C., and M. Ganesh Madhan. "Characteristic Analysis on Transverse Comb Structure Using PSpice." Applied Mechanics and Materials 627 (September 2014): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.627.202.

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An analysis of transverse comb structure based MEMS accelerometer is carried out. Its static and dynamic behavior is analyzed by employing a simple electrical equivalent circuit in the acceleration range of 0-30g. The device is simulated for dc, transient and frequency conditions. In the transient analysis, the device is excited with sinusoidal and step input acceleration and the proof mass displacement is evaluated. It is found that, the capacitance and displacement values obtained from our simulation matches well with reports from ANSYS Workbench®. The maximum displacement in the structure is evaluated at different condition and the effect of damping is investigated.
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6

Tarcolea, Mihai, Daniel Vlasceanu, Mihai Cosmin Cotrut, Maria Diana Vrânceanu, and Raluca Monica Comăneanu. "Mechanical Effects of Simulated Pressure and Temperature Conditions on Porcelain Dental Bridges." Solid State Phenomena 216 (August 2014): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.216.157.

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A dental bridge, designed in STL format on a Dental Scanner software, was covered with the porcelain layer in 3-matic Design ©Materialise NV. FEA simulations were made in ANSYS ® Workbench TM ©SAS, Inc. Firstly, was performed the thermal analysis with the Transient Thermal module, and secondly, the structural static analysis with the Static Structural module. The applied masticatory force was of 300 N, and the studied temperatures were 36°C as reference and, as extremes, 0° and 50°C. The purpose was to determine mechanical effects in the bridge structure for a specific design of the dental bridge geometry in order to optimize its design.
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7

Peng, Guangjie, Zhuoran Zhang, and Ling Bai. "Wet Modal Analyses of Various Length Coaxial Sump Pump Rotors with Acoustic-Solid Coupling." Shock and Vibration 2021 (February 15, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8823150.

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The dynamic characteristics of the rotor components were determined using a first-order modal model of the rotor components for various sump pump shaft lengths for actual working environments. By employing ANSYS-Workbench software, this paper uses a fluid-solid coupling analysis to calculate the reaction forces of the fluid on the rotor with results, which is then used in dry and wet modal analyses of the rotor parts to calculate the vibration modal characteristics with and without prestresses. The differences between the wet and dry modal characteristics were compared and investigated by ANSYS. The results show that increasing the sump pump shaft length reduces the first-order natural frequency of the prestressed rotor components. The structure also experiences stress stiffening, which is more obvious in the high-order modes. The natural frequency of the rotor in the wet mode is about 16% less than that in the dry mode for the various shaft lengths due to the added mass of the water on the surface which reduces the natural frequency. In the wet modal analysis, when the structure is in a different fluid medium, the influence of its modal distribution will also change, this is because the additional mass produced by the fluid medium of different density on the structure surface is different. Thus, the wet modal analysis of the rotor is important for more accurate dynamic analyses.
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8

Ferreira, Marcelo do Amaral, Fábio Rodrigo Mandello Rodrigues, Marco Antônio Luersen, Paulo César Borges, Ravindra Nanda, and Marcio Rodrigues de Almeida. "Von Mises stresses on Mushroom-loop archwires for incisor retraction: a numerical study." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 25, no. 4 (August 2020): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.25.4.044-050.oar.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To perform a numerical simulation using FEM to study the von Mises stresses on Mushroom archwires. Methods: Mushroom archwires made of titanium-molybdenum alloy with 0.017 x 0.025-in cross-section were used in this study. A YS of 1240 MPa and a Young’s modulus of 69 GPa were adopted. The archwire was modeled in Autodesk Inventor software and its behavior was simulated using the finite element code Ansys Workbench (Swanson Analysis Systems, Houston, Pennsylvania, USA). A large displacement simulation was used for non-linear analysis. The archwires were deformed in their extremities with 0° and 45°, and activated by their vertical extremities separated at 4.0 or 5.0 mm. Results: Tensions revealed a maximum of 1158 MPa at the whole part of the loop at 5.0mm of activation, except in a very small area situated at the top of the loop, in which a maximum of 1324 Mpa was found. Conclusions: Mushroom loops are capable to produce tension levels in an elastic range and could be safely activated up to 5.0mm.
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9

Xu, Hong, Yi Chao Ding, Chui Min Luo, and Wen Yong Guan. "Dynamic Analysis and Optimization of WEDM Based on AWE and LMS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 741 (March 2015): 772–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.741.772.

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In the operation process, the Wire Electrical Discharge Machine (WEDM) has certain imperfections such as vibration and the descent of machine precision which vibration produces. This paper studies the dynamic parameter of the machine tool and optimizes the natural frequency and vibration. Taking the DK7725 taper machine tool as an example, the paper establishes a 3Dmodel with Pro-Engineer 5.0.According to the Masataks Yoshimura method, the authors could ascertain the stiffness and damping of joint surfaces among machine main parts and ascertain the equivalent dynamic model. In order to have a modal analysis about the machine tool structure, the virtual dynamic analysis module of ANSYS Workbench Environment (AWE) is used. Through the study of dynamic parameter, the authors optimize and improve the natural frequency and vibration of machine tools, compared with the finite element analysis results and the no-optimization data. And the final results show that the change rates of each order natural frequencies optimized ranges from 0% to18.9%, and the whole mechine’s optimization achieves satisfied effect.
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10

Pan, Cheng-Tang, Che-Hsin Lin, Ya-Kang Huang, Jason S. C. Jang, Hsuan-Kai Lin, Che-Nan Kuo, De-Yao Lin, and Jacob C. Huang. "Design of Customize Interbody Fusion Cages of Ti64ELI with Gradient Porosity by Selective Laser Melting Process." Micromachines 12, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12030307.

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Intervertebral fusion surgery for spinal trauma, degeneration, and deformity correction is a major vertebral reconstruction operation. For most cages, the stiffness of the cage is high enough to cause stress concentration, leading to a stress shielding effect between the vertebral bones and the cages. The stress shielding effect affects the outcome after the reconstruction surgery, easily causing damage and leading to a higher risk of reoperation. A porous structure for the spinal fusion cage can effectively reduce the stiffness to obtain more comparative strength for the surrounding tissue. In this study, an intervertebral cage with a porous gradation structure was designed for Ti64ELI alloy powders bonded by the selective laser melting (SLM) process. The medical imaging software InVesalius and 3D surface reconstruction software Geomagic Studio 12 (Raindrop Geomagic Inc., Morrisville, NC, USA) were utilized to establish the vertebra model, and ANSYS Workbench 16 (Ansys Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA) simulation software was used to simulate the stress and strain of the motions including vertical body-weighted compression, flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation. The intervertebral cage with a hollow cylinder had porosity values of 80–70–60–70–80% (from center to both top side and bottom side) and had porosity values of 60–70–80 (from outside to inside). In addition, according to the contact areas between the vertebras and cages, the shape of the cages can be custom-designed. The cages underwent fatigue tests by following ASTM F2077-17. Then, mechanical property simulations of the cages were conducted for a comparison with the commercially available cages from three companies: Zimmer (Zimmer Biomet Holdings, Inc., Warsaw, IN, USA), Ulrich (Germany), and B. Braun (Germany). The results show that the stress and strain distribution of the cages are consistent with the ones of human bone, and show a uniform stress distribution, which can reduce stress concentration.
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11

Gund, Rahul. "Transient Thermal Analysis of Disk Brake System under Varying Velocities and Pad Material Properties." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 1702–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37642.

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Abstract: The Enormous progressions in the field of automobiles have led their car engines to have enriched brake power in vehicles. The braking system’s efficiency should be at par with the engine to decelerate the car from a given speed within a less braking distance. The disc rotor and brake pads design and material while counting other impacting factors contribute to braking efficiency. The disc rotor will be exposed to large stresses which result in surface cracking, overheating of brake fluid, seals and other components. Many factors are affecting it as coefficient of friction between brake pad and disk rotor surface, thermal conductivity of pad material. Hence to reduce thermal stresses we can choose right pad material. In this project, thermal analysis for vented disc brake rotor of Mahindra Bolero’s done, for providing an efficient material for disc brake rotor and brake pads with 0 to 12 % of steel powder as filler materials are used which can dissipate heat generated during braking at faster rate and also being structurally safe Keywords: Braking system, Disc Brake Rotor, Thermal, Structural Analysis, CATIA V5, ANSYS WORKBENCH, Pad Material properties
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12

Stojanovic, Nadica, Jasna Glisovic, Oday Abdullah, Ivan Grujic, and Sasa Vasiljevic. "Pressure influence on heating of ventilating disc brakes for passenger cars." Thermal Science 24, no. 1 Part A (2020): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190608314s.

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The braking system is one of the most important elements in vehicle systems from the aspect of vehicle safety, besides the steering system and the internal combustion engine. During the braking process, the disc and pads absorb a large amount of kinetic energy that converted to heat. Owing to this frictional heating, it is necessary to compute the temperature distribution that will be appeared during the braking process, which is the main goal of this research paper. There are many factors that can be influenced to the distribution of frictional heat generated. One of the significant factors is the applied pressure by the brake pad on the braking disc. The results proved that when increased the applied pressure then the frictional heat generated increased too. It was developed a new finite element model based on observed data from real vehicle. It was used ANSYS/WORKBENCH 14.5 software to perform the numerical analysis, module Transient Structural. Parts that are the most disposed to the thermal stress are braking pads. Also, it was found time period from 0 to 0.1 second is the most critical period during the whole braking period, because in this period, temperature rises rapidly, the maximum temperature occurred at 1.338 seconds, and after that it falls.
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13

Bruce Ralphin Rose, J., and G. Vairamani. "Experimental Investigation of Friction and Wear Properties of a Clutch Facing Made of Al-7075 with Basalt Fiber Metal Matrix Composite." Journal of Multiscale Modelling 10, no. 02 (June 2019): 1850006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1756973718500063.

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This paper investigates the friction and wear behavior of Al-7075 and Basalt fiber metal matrix composite for clutch facing applications by replacing the existing asbestos with Basalt fiber combination. Experiments are done to evaluate the friction and wear properties of Al-7075 and Basalt fiber metal matrix composite material under different sliding velocities and contact loads. The reinforcement percentage of Basalt fiber is varied from 0% to 10% in steps of 2.5% on the weight basis. At present, the clutch facing for the Multi Utility Vehicles (MUV) is made of asbestos as a primary content and its hazardous characteristics are taken into consideration. Initially, the clutch facing specifications of a MUV are observed through field studies and then, design calculations are performed to prepare the structural analysis using ANSYS workbench. The stress–strain characteristics of Al-7075 and Basalt fiber mixture are studied through the computational analysis before the fabrication process. Then, the specimen is fabricated by stir casting technique for the experimental investigation of friction and wear properties using pin-on-disk apparatus. The outcome of the analysis has revealed the use of Al-7075 and Basalt fiber metal matrix composite material as a replacement for the existing clutch facing applications and the results are presented with validations.
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14

Langwane, Kahuma, and N. Subaschandar. "Numerical Prediction and Reduction of Pressure Loss of Air Flow Inside a Sharp 90˚ Elbow Using Turning Vanes." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON FLUID MECHANICS 16 (July 27, 2021): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232013.2021.16.13.

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The aim of this study is to calculate the pressure loss and the effect of turning vanes on the pressure loss incurred by the flow in a duct with a 90˚ sharp elbow using numerical fluid mechanics. The main focus this study was to calculate the effects of the number of turning vanes and the length of the turning vanes on the pressure loss. Computational Fluid Dynamics calculations have been carried out using ANSYS Workbench software. Two turbulence models have been used in these calculations. They are the standard k- and the k- turbulence models. The number and length of the vanes were changed in the study to calculate their effects on pressure loss. The length of the vanes was varied from 0mm to 400mm in steps of 100mm on both sides of the bend and the number of vanes was changed from 0 to 3. It was found that a single curved turning vane can reduce the pressure loss significantly. The pressure loss does not reduce further when the length of the vanes was extended. As the number of turning vanes increased beyond one, the predicted pressure loss starts increasing. The turning vanes in duct systems can be used in industries and factories to reduce the pressure loss.
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Zhang, Yanqing, Qingliang Cui, Hongbo Li, Zhiyong Zhang, Yongqiang He, and Deng Sun. "SIMULATION AND TEST OF CUTTING MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MILLET STALK BASED ON ANSYS/LS-DYNA." INMATEH Vol.61 61, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35633/inmateh-61-16.

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In order to find the variations of mechanical properties of millet stalk during dynamic cutting, a three-dimensional model of cutting parts and a double-layer flexible model of millet stalk were established in this study. The mechanical cutting properties of millet stalk at different cutting speeds and blade oblique angles were investigated based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA, while the verification tests were carried out based on the self-made cutting test bench. Simulation results showed that the maximum Von Mises stress was concentrated on the contact point of the stalk and the moving blade. The maximum Von Mises stress of stalk during extrusion, cutting, and after cutting were 60.03 MPa, 60.72 MPa, and 39.87 MPa, respectively, and the cutting energy of stalk epidermal tissue was greater than that of inner tissue. The cutting stress and the unit area cutting energy decreased first and changed steadily as cutting speed was increased when the cutting speed was 0.5-1.5 m/s. When the blade oblique angle was 0°-48°, the cutting stress decreased as the blade oblique angle was increased, while the unit area cutting energy decreased first and then increased. Verification tests showed that the cutting speed and the blade oblique angle had significant effects on the cutting mechanical properties (P < 0.05), which was consistent with the simulation test results. Research results can be used to optimize the cutting parameters of millet stalk
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16

Hsieh, Yi-Chern, Doan Minh Hai, and Yue-Lin Hsieh. "A Three-Dimensional Lump Model on Performances of the Stapes Displacement under Different Mechanics Property Conditions of a Middle Ear." International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration 25, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20855/ijav.2020.25.21543.

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In this article, a three-dimensional (3D) lumped model of the human auditoria peripherals that consisted of four masses equipped with five major springs and major dashpots is presented. This model will support the quantitative basis for construction of a human middle ear physical model. This 3D lumped model consists of a human ear bone model having a similar working principle as the tiny mechanical structure. The 3D lumped model's parameters were identified using previous anatomical data, and then constructed via a parameter optimizing process using 16 springs and dashpots that represent the tiny mechanical structure's five connections. The computational results showed the sensitivity priority of the five connections to the stapes displacement with a variety of sound frequencies. Moreover, a detailed discussion of the five connections' mechanical properties affecting the magnitude of the stapes displacement was also shown in this paper. As a result of increasing the stiffness in the joint of the middle ear bone connection, the stapes' vibrational amplitude was increased. However, the magnitude of the value of the four masses reacts in a manner that is opposite to stapes displacement. Some specific frequency ranges of the voice properties to the mass and connector systems are also discussed in this paper. The details of the individual mass or joint activity to the stapes displacement at various frequency ranges are also presented. The model's behaviors were calculated using the software ANSYS workbench 15.0, Solid works 2017, and the MATLAB R2015a. Our findings provide a relevant reference for related medical research.
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17

Kurdi, Ojo, Ismoyo Haryanto, Agus Suprihanto, Ian Yulianti, and Nur Aziyah. "Analisis dan optimasi struktur sasis bus dengan batasan tegangan maksimum dan defleksi pada beban maksimum." Jurnal Teknik Mesin Indonesia 14, no. 2 (November 7, 2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36289/jtmi.v14i2.139.

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Sasis merupakan bagian penting dari sebuah kendaraan, yang membentuk kerangka dari sebuah kendaraan. Sasis harus cukup kaku untuk menahan kejutan, twist, getaran dan tekanan lainnya. Pertimbangan penting dalam desain sasis adalah memiliki kekakuan lentur yang memadai disertai kekuatan untuk karakteristik handling yang lebih baik. Oleh karena itu tegangan maksimum, dan defleksi merupakan kriteria penting untuk desain sasis. Tujuan kajian ini untuk menentukan desain paling optimal dari ketiga desain sasis tipe C, I dan Rectangular Box (Hollow). Mendapatkan ketebalan sasis paling minimum pada sasis bus tipe Rectangular Box (Hollow) dari metode optimasi ASO dan MOGA. Serta membandingkan hasil optimasi yang didapatkan dari kedua metode optimasi tersebut. Pada kajian ini digunakan 2 jenis software yaitu software CAD (SOLIDWORKS 2015) untuk pembuatan model sasis bus dan software Finite Element Analysis (ANSYS Workbench v.16) untuk melakukan simulasi pembebanan static structural dan optimasi. Hasil pada kajian ini menunjukan bahwa tegangan maksimum terjadi pada cross section C besar tegangan 73,235 Mpa, dan defleksi sebesar 1,5455 mm. Hasil analisis pembebanan statik menunjukan bahwa desain tipe Rectangular Box (Hollow) jauh lebih optimal daripada tipe C ataupun I. Berdasarkan optimasi pada sasis bus tipe Rectangular Box (Hollow) dengan dua metode tersebut, hasil terbaik menggunakan metode ASO dengan nilai massa optimum sebesar 682,57 kg (persentase penurunan massa sebesar 1,224 %) dengan equivalent (von-misses) stress sebesar 53,557 MPa dan total deformasi sebesar 1,1847 mm. Sedangkan hasil optimasi metode MOGA, massa hasil optimasi sebesar 686,83 kg dengan equivalent (von-misses) stress 53,517 MPa dan total deformasi sebesar 1,1809 mm. Terjadi penurunan massa sebesar 0,608%.
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Fabris, Rodrigo Rosso, Ricardo Armini Caldas, Milton Edson Miranda, Poliana Borba, Karina Andréa Novaes Olivieri, William Cunha Brandt, and Rafael Pino Vitti. "Comparative stress evaluation of different types of prosthetic abutment and crown with an internal connection implant." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): e7010413933. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.13933.

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O objetivo neste estudo foi comparar, por meio do método de elementos finitos (MEF), a distribuição de tensões em dois diferentes tipos de coroas (zircônia e cerâmica feldspática) e três tipos diferentes de intermediários protéticos (PEEK, titânio e zircônia) em um incisivo central superior. Cinco grupos foram estabelecidos: P-Zr/SA (PEEK/zircônia - sem adesão), P-Zr/CA (PEEK/zircônia - com adesão), Ti-Zr (titânio/zircônia), Zr-Zr (zircônia/zircônia) e Zr-F (zircônia/feldspática). Em cada modelo foi simulada uma carga oblíqua de 100 N na face palatina. Todos os modelos foram exportados para um software de análise de elementos finitos (ANSYS Workbench 16), onde foram analisados os valores de tensão Máxima Principal (tração), Mínima Principal (compressão) e von Mises. Os resultados demonstraram que os grupos P-Zr/SA e P-Zr/CA tiveram os maiores valores de von Mises no implante, sendo que essas tensões se concentraram na plataforma do implante. Nos intermediários, em todos os grupos, a tensão Máxima Principal se concentrou na região da conexão sextavada, sendo que os grupos P-Zr/SA e P-Zr/CA apresentaram os menores valores. Os grupos P-Zr/CA e Zr-Zr apresentaram maior dissipação das tensões na coroa. Nos parafusos, a localização das tensões de von Mises foi similar em todos os grupos, sendo que os grupos P-Zr/SA e P-Zr/CA apresentaram os maiores valores. Concluiu-se neste estudo que o intermediário de PEEK não proporciona uma melhor distribuição de tensões nas coroas, implantes e parafusos.
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19

Mohamed Rathiu, Ali, Mohammad Hosseini Fouladi, Satesh Narayana Namasivayam, and Hasina Mamtaz. "Suppression of Ground Borne Vibration Induced by High-Speed Lines." MATEC Web of Conferences 152 (2018): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815202001.

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Vibration of high-speed lines leads to annoyance of public and lowering real estate values near the railway lines. This hinders the development of railway infrastructures in urbanised areas. This paper investigates the vibration response of an isolated rail embankment system and modifies the component to better attenuate ground vibration. Mainly velocity response is used to compare the responses and the applied force is of 20 kN at excitation frequencies of 5.6 Hz and 8.3 Hz. Focus was made on ground-borne vibration and between the frequency range of 0 and 250 Hz. 3D Numerical model was made using SolidWork software and frequency response was produced using Harmonic Analysis module from ANSYS Workbench software. For analytical modelling MATLAB was used along with Simulink to verify the mathematical model. This paper also compares the vibration velocity decibels (VdB) of analytical two-degree of freedom model mathematical model with literature data. Harmonic excitation is used on the track to simulate the moving load of train. The results showed that modified analytical model gives the velocity response of 75 VdB at the maximum peak. Changes brought to the mass and spacing of the sleeper and to the thickness and the corresponding stiffness for the ballast does not result in significant vibration response. Limitations of two-degree analytical model is suspected to be the cause of this inactivity. But resonance vibration can be reduced with the aid of damping coefficient of rail pad. Statistical analysis methods t-test and ANOVA single factor test was used verify the values with 95% confidence.
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Regad, Abdelmalek, Djebara Benzerga, Habib Berrekia, Abdelkader Haddi, and Nourredine Chekhar. "Repair and rehabilitation of corroded HDPE100 pipe using a new hybrid composite." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 15, no. 56 (March 28, 2021): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.56.09.

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The good management of drinking water begins with a supply network, with a low rate of leakage. Currently, the pipes used in the water transport system are mainly made of polymeric materials, such as HDPE. The corrosion degradation of this type of pipe has received a lot of attention from the drinking water supply companies. It is therefore important to understand the effect of pressure on an HDPE pipe with a surface defect. To answer this problem, we will first study the mechanical behavior at failure of HDPE pipes in the presence of a surface defect using a finite element method. For the rehabilitation of pipe in presence of surface defect, we try to use a new composite. This new laminated composite is reinforced with a natural organic load. It is obtained from a laminated composite woven by incorporating a natural non-polluting organic load (granulates of date cores) which becomes hybrid composite. The new economical hybrid composite material is made of an organic matrix containing methyl methacrylate, a woven reinforcement including a reinforcing glass fiber and a fabric perlon having an absorbing role. The textile reinforcement made up of several folds reinforcing laid out according to the orientations (90, 452, and 0). A numerical simulation with the ANSYS Workbench software is carry out to study the behavior of the HDPE pipe with surface defect and with defect repaired by the new hybrid composite material in the form of rings to consolidate the cracked area of ​​the tube. The numerical results will allow us to decide on a real practical use of the new hybrid composite.
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Shareef, Mahdi M. S., Ahmed N. Al-Khazraji, and Samir A. Amin. "Flexural Properties of Functionally Graded Polymer Alumina Nanoparticles." Engineering and Technology Journal 39, no. 5A (May 25, 2021): 821–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v39i5a.1949.

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In this paper, a functionally graded polymer nanocomposite (FGPNC) was arranged via mixing the Alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles (50 – 100 nm) with an epoxy matrix through five layers of 1.2 mm thickness for each layer using hand lay–up technique. Different volume fractions were taken (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) % of the used nanoparticles and were cast in molds made from acrylic for creating the graded composite sheet in the thickness direction. The prepared isotropic specimen was tested by tensile and compressive test. The results showed that the (4% Vf of Al2O3) has the best enhancement of the ultimate tensile strength (85.25% from neat epoxy) and decreased thereafter. Flexural properties of three different types of functionally graded materials (FGMs), including FGM1, FGM2 and FGM3, isotropic nanocomposite (2% Al2O3) and pristine epoxy were obtained. Flexural strength and flexural modulus of the functionally graded polymer nanocomposite for each type of FGMs enhanced by (51.7%) and (67%), respectively for the FGM1 loaded from the neat epoxy side, whereas for the FGM1 loaded from the (4%) side, the improvement in these properties was (17.8%) and (29.4%), correspondingly over those for the neat epoxy. For FGM2, the improvement in the flexural strength was (27%) and (71.8%) for the flexural modulus as compared with pristine epoxy. The enhancement in the flexural strength of FGM3 was (27%) and flexural modulus (57.7%). Design Modeler (ANSYS Workbench) was used to verify the experimental flexural test results. A very good agreement was found between the experimental and numerical results with a maximum error of (3.92%) in the flexural modulus for FGM1 loaded from the composite side.
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Prasutiyon, Hadi, Arif Winarno, and Edlyn Criptosan. "RANCANG BANGUN SIMULATOR SISTEM TREATMENT BAHAN BAKAR BIODISEL B20 PADA TANKI INDUK BAHAN BAKAR KRI YOS SUDARSO." ROTOR 13, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/rotor.v13i2.20586.

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Biodiesel B20 is a mixture of 80% fossil diesel fuel and 20% biofuel. When using B20, the fuel has problems in the form of jelly or mud deposition, so it needs to be overcome by treatment. The treatment that is used today uses a circulation pump but has shortcomings and is not efficient so it needs to be modified using a stirrer. In this research, an analysis of the stirrer treatment using ANSYS software simulation method was carried out to determine the change of sediment before and after stirring, with stirring speed 150 rpm. The use of a stirrer simulation is to make 2 simulation models in the main tank as the largest volume and the daily tank as the smallest volume aims to determine the differences in the results of stirring in the largest and smallest tank.. At the time of stirring, the result is a decrease in sediment from 0 minutes to 4 minutes, then 4 minutes to 8 minutes, then 8 minutes to 12 minutes, then 12 minutes to 16 minutes, then 16 minutes to 20 minutes the fuel has decreased very much and the sediment is almost gone. When stirring is carried out for 20 minutes, the sediment in the fuel tank has not reached 0% so it needs to be stirred continuously until the deposit is 0%. After the fuel has not settled, the fuel is transferred to the main engine using a transfer pump.
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23

Mendoza, Luis D., Luis E. Vera, and Luis E. Vera. "Study of different turbulence models to obtain the curves characteristics of a naca profile 2415 through the three-dimensional simulation of fluid flows." BISTUA REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BASICAS 17, no. 3 (November 22, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24054/01204211.v3.n3.2019.3563.

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Se realizó un análisis computacional, mediante la técnica del CFD, del perfil NACA 2415, con los modelos de turbulencia Realizable K-ε y el modelo de turbulencia K-ω SST para obtener sus curvas aerodinámicas. El software utilizado fue el ANSYS FLUENT V14. La simulación se realizó con mallas no estructuradas y bidimensionales, en un dominio computacional cuyas dimensiones corresponden al túnel de viento AF6109 de la Universidad Nacional Experimental del Táchira, Venezuela. Las curvas aerodinámicas se realizaron para diferentes ángulos de ataque, los cuales consistieron en 0°, 4°, 8°, 12° y 16° respectivamente. Las condiciones de borde usadas están basadas en el túnel de viento AF6109. La simulación computacional se validó con las curvas aerodinámicas obtenidas mediante el diseño experimental realizado en el túnel de viento. Se concluye que el modelo de turbulencia K-ω SST predice mejor los gradientes adversos de presión. Palabras clave Dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD), perfiles aerodinámicos
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Antonyamaladhas, Maria Rajesh, Selvamony Chachithanantham, and Anandakumar Ramaswamy. "Performance and Behaviour of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Imparted to Geopolymer Concrete Structural Elements and Analyzed with ANSYS." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7023897.

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This paper deals with the behaviour of geopolymer concrete using ground granulated blast furnace slag and steel fibre to compare with M40 grade cement concrete. The cast GPC specimens were placed in a hot curing chamber at 60∘C temperature for 24 hours and tested after 1, 7, 14, and 28 days of ambient curing to find the strength and durability of hardened concrete. The optimum value of compressive strength was attained at 12 Molarities. Fly ash was replaced by GGBS in GPC with different proportions such as 0% to 60% at 5% interval; the optimum strength value was obtained on 40% replacement. From the test results, the compressive, split-tensile, and flexural strength of GPC specimens were 20%, 43%, and 53% higher than those of the control specimens. Based on the optimum strength mix proportion, the structural elements were cast to investigate the stress-strain relations. The GPC beam and L-section showed 33% and 16% higher value. From the results of acid and sulphate resistance tests, it was found that the strength and weight ratio of GPC were higher than the control specimens. From the simulations, it was found that the experimental test results were approximately equal to the ANSYS.
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25

Wang, Juan, Junhai Zhao, Yuan Zhou, and Shanshan Sun. "Boundary Effect and Dynamic Response Study for the Penetration of Rigid Projectiles into Thick, Finite-Radius, Metallic Targets." Shock and Vibration 2020 (November 11, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8832925.

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This study uses the unified strength theory to analyse the elastoplastic stage and plastic stage of a linear strain-hardening target material while considering the effects of the intermediate principal stress and the free lateral boundaries of the target. In this investigation, analytical solutions of the radial stress in the cavity wall are obtained, and a unified penetration model of the target material is built. On this basis, penetration resistance formulas and penetration depth formulas for rigid projectiles with various nose shapes penetrating into thick, finite-radius, metallic targets are deduced, the solutions of which are obtained by utilizing the Simpson method. Accordingly, the proposed method offers a broader scope of application and higher accuracy than previous methods. Through this method, a series of analytical solutions based on different criteria can be obtained, and the penetration depth ranges of targets under different striking velocities can be effectively predicted. Moreover, penetration processes under different conditions are numerically simulated using the software ANSYS/LS-DYNA to study the motion law of the projectiles and the dynamic response of the targets. From the theoretical and numerical approaches, a list of influencing factors for terminal ballistic effects are analysed, including the strength criterion differences, the strength parameter b, the striking velocity v 0 , the projectile nose shape, and the target radius-to-projectile radius ratio rt/a. The results indicate that, as b changes from 1 to 0, the penetration depth Dmax increases by 22.45%. Additionally, Dmax increases by 40.76% when rt/a changes from 16 to 4; hence, it cannot be calculated as an unlimited-size target anymore when rt/a ≤ 16. In weapons field tests, the radius of the metallic target can be conservatively designed to be greater than 28 times the projectile radius to ignore the effect from the free lateral boundaries of the target.
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Jackson, Beren R., and Sam M. Dakka. "Computational fluid dynamics investigation into flow behavior and acoustic mechanisms at the trailing edge of an airfoil." Noise & Vibration Worldwide 49, no. 1 (January 2018): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957456517751455.

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Airfoil self-noise or trailing edge noise and shear noise were investigated computationally for a NACA 0012 airfoil section, focusing on noise mechanisms at the trailing edge to identify and understand sources of noise production using ANSYS Fluent. A two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulation has been performed for 0°, 8°, and 16° airfoil angles of attack capturing surface pressure contours, contours of turbulent intensity, contours of surface acoustic power level, vorticity magnitude levels across the airfoil profile, and x- and y-directional self-noise and shear noise sources across the airfoil profile. The results indicate that pressure gradients at the upper surface do increase as the angle of attack increases, which is a measure of vortices near the surface of the trailing edge associated with turbulence cease as the boundary layer begins to separate. Comparison of the turbulent intensity contours with surface acoustic power level contours demonstrated direct correlation between the energy contributed by turbulent structures (i.e. vortices) and the level of noise measured at the surface and within the boundary layer of the airfoil. As angle of attack is increased, both x and y sources have the same trends; however, y sources (perpendicular to the free-stream flow) appear to have a bigger impact as angle of attack is increased. Furthermore, as the angle of attack increased, shear noise contributes less and less energy further downstream of the airfoil and becomes dominated by noise energy from vortical structures within turbulence. The two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulation revealed that pressure, turbulent intensity, and surface acoustic power contours further corroborated the previously tested noise observations phenomena at the trailing edge of the airfoil.
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27

Stamatopoulos, Panagiotis, Panagiotis Drosatos, Nikos Nikolopoulos, and Dimitrios Rakopoulos. "Determination of a Methodology to Derive Correlations Between Window Opening Mass Flow Rate and Wind Conditions Based on CFD Results." Energies 12, no. 9 (April 26, 2019): 1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091600.

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This paper presents a methodology for the development of an empirical equation which can provide the air mass flow rate imposed by single-sided wind-driven ventilation of a room, as a function of external wind speed and direction, using the results from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The proposed methodology is useful for a wide spectrum of applications, in which no access to experimental data or conduction of several CFD runs is possible, deriving a simple expression of natural ventilation rate, which can be further used for energy analysis of complicated building geometries in 0-D models or in object-oriented software codes. The developed computational model simulates a building, which belongs to Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany) and its surrounding environment. A tilted window represents the opening that allows the ventilation of the adjacent room with fresh air. The derived data from the CFD simulations for the air mass flow were fitted with a Gaussian function in order to achieve the development of an empirical equation. The numerical simulations have been conducted using the Ansys Fluent v15.0® software package. In this work, the k-w Shear Stress Transport (SST) model was implemented for the simulation of turbulence, while the Boussinesq approximation was used for the simulation of the buoyancy forces. The coefficient of determination R2 of the curve is in the range of 0.84–0.95, depending on the wind speed. This function can provide the mass flow rate through the open window of the investigated building and subsequently the ventilation rate of the adjacent room in air speed range from 2.5 m/s to 16 m/s without the necessity of further numerical simulations.
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Bongert, Markus, Johannes Gehron, Marius Geller, Andreas Böning, and Philippe Grieshaber. "Cannula position and Bernoulli effect contribute to leg malperfusion during extracorporeal life support with femoral arterial cannulation—an in silico simulation study." Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 29, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivz048.

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Abstract OBJECTIVES Limb ischaemia during extracorporeal life support (ECLS) using femoral artery cannulation is frequently observed even in patients with regular vessel diameters and without peripheral arterial occlusive disease. We investigated underlying pathomechanisms using a virtual fluid-mechanical simulation of the human circulation. METHODS A life-sized model of the human aorta and major vascular branches was virtualized using 3-dimensional segmentation software (Mimics, Materialise). Steady-state simulation of different grades of cardiac output (0–100%) was performed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFX, ANSYS). A straight cannula [virtualized 16 Fr (5.3 mm)] was inserted into the model via the left common femoral artery. The ECLS flow was varied between 1 and 5 l/min. The pressure boundary conditions at the arterial outlets were selected to demonstrate the downstream vascular system. Qualitative and quantitative analyses concerning flow velocity and direction were carried out in various regions of the model. RESULTS During all simulated stages of reduced cardiac output and subsequently adapted ECLS support, retrograde blood flow originating from the ECLS cannula was observed from the cannulation site up to the aortic bifurcation. Analysis of pressure showed induction of zones of negative pressure close to the cannula tip, consistent with the Bernoulli principle. Depending on cannula position and ECLS flow rate, this resulted in negative flow from the ipsilateral superficial femoral artery or the contralateral internal iliac artery. The antegrade flow to the non-cannulated side was generally greater than that to the cannulated side. CONCLUSIONS The cannula position and ECLS flow rate both influence lower limb perfusion during femoral ECLS. Therefore, efforts to optimize the cannula position and to avoid limb malperfusion, including placement of a distal perfusion cannula, should be undertaken in patients treated with ECLS.
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29

Houldsworth, Jane, Asha Guttapalli, Xiao J. Yan, Charles Ma, Weiyi Chen, Sujata Patil, Kanti R. Rai, and Nicholas Chiorazzi. "Targeted Oligonucleotide Array Assessment of Genomic Copy Number Alterations for Risk Stratification in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 1773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.1773.1773.

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Abstract Abstract 1773 Risk stratification in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is highly desirable and should comprise not only evaluation of clinical features but also molecular prognostic markers. Currently such molecular markers include loss of 17p13, 11q22, 13q14, 6q22, and gain of chromosome 12 as assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and mutation status of the variable region of the IGH gene (IGHV) by sequencing. In recent years, genome-wide scanning technologies such as array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) have revealed novel and refined known copy number alterations (CNAs) in the CLL genome. In order to evaluate the potential of array-CGH in prognostication in mature B-cell neoplasms, including CLL, and implement array-CGH in a clinical diagnostic laboratory, a targeted oligonucleotide-based microarray was custom designed to represent genomic regions exhibiting gain/loss in these lymphoid neoplasms. The 4 × 44K formatted array included 2 × 17,348 probes for the 80 selected genomic regions (average resolution of 34kbp), and recommended controls including a 1Mbp genome backbone. DNA extracted from two CLL datasets were submitted to array-CGH using an equimixture of commercially available male/female DNA as a reference. CNAs were detected using Genomics Workbench Lite (Agilent Technologies, Inc.) with the ADM2 algorithm. Analytical sensitivity was assessed by cell line DNA dilution and by FISH (116 specimens) and was 30–40% and 20–25%, respectively. Recurrent CNAs in previously untreated patients, greater than 1.5Mbp in size, were analyzed for association with time to first treatment (TTFT) and overall survival (OS) by the log rank test. Association with IGHV mutation status was tested using the Fisher's two-sided exact test. In both datasets for untreated specimens, unmutated IGHV negatively correlated with both TTFT and OS significantly (p < 0.05). Gain of chromosome 12 was detected in 11–12% of untreated specimens in both datasets and as expected did not associate with outcome. Loss of 13q14 as a sole abnormality (excluding copy number changes arising at known sites of normal variation) was associated with an overall favorable outcome, but specimens with loss of both loci (MIR15A/16-1 and RB1) versus one locus (MIR15A/16-1) did not display significantly different outcomes. As expected loss of 17p13 associated with shorter TTFT and OS, and was observed at higher levels in treated specimens. A similar result was observed for 11q22 loss but not in the second dataset, perhaps due to the relatively short follow-up time. Importantly, four additional copy number changes (gain of 2p, 3q, and 8q, and loss of 8p) were found to associate with shorter TTFT and/or OS, and also occurred at higher frequency in treated specimens. Notably, all but one specimen exhibiting two of these CNAs, were Rai Stage 0-II. After multiple comparisons correction, gain of 2p and 3q, and loss of 8p remained significantly associated with an unfavorable outcome. Gain of 2p25.3-p15 was observed exclusively in unmutated IGHV specimens. Loss of 18p and gain of 17q24 were not considered further for testing due to low frequency or lower frequency in treated specimens (data not shown). Uniquely, these data demonstrate in low-intermediate risk CLL cohorts the prognostic value of genomic gain/loss at multiple sites and support implementation of array-CGH into a clinical setting for risk stratification in CLL where genomic gain or loss of multiple clinically relevant genomic regions can be assessed simultaneously. Dataset 1 Untreated n = 81 TTFT p-value OS p-value Treated n = 38 Dataset 2 n = 169 TTFT p-value OS p-value Treated n = 28 Median TTFT 87.6 mo 24.1 mo Median OS 117.7 mo 37.2 mo Rai Stage 0 25 77 I-II 42 48 III-IV 5 1 na 9 43 Unmutated IGHV 46% (n=80) 0.0003 0.0004 38% (n=163) 0.002 0.044 13q14 loss (sole abnormality) 52.5% 0.038‡ 0.087‡ 33.7% 0.144‡ 0.008‡ MIR15A/16-1, RB1 27.5% 0.77 0.337 11.2% 0.011 1 MIR15A/16-1 25.0% 22.5% 11q22 loss (ATM) 12.3% 0.125 0.009 23.7% 8.3% 0.393 0.977 14.3% 17p13 loss (TP53) 2.5% 0.010 0.012 15.8% 4.7% 0.006 <.0001 10.7% 2p25.3-p15 gain 6.2% 0.002 <.0001 10.5% 3.0% 0.702 0.025 10.7% 8q24 gain 2.5% 0.238 0.014 7.9% 4.1% 0.564 0.007 0.0% 3q26-q27 gain 2.5% <.0001 <.0001 5.3% 3.0% 0.850 <.0001 7.1% 8p23-p21 loss 2.5% 0.002 0.016 10.5% 1.2% 1 <.0001 7.1% Unless otherwise noted, all values associated with shorter times ‡ Associated with longer time na not available Disclosures: Houldsworth: Cancer Genetics, Inc.: Employment. Guttapalli:Cancer Genetics, Inc.: Employment. Ma:Cancer Genetics, Inc.: Employment. Chen:Cancer Genetics, Inc.: Employment. Patil:Cancer Genetics, Inc.: Consultancy.
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Rao, Suneetha, Honey Arora, and Shahul Hameed. "A Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Stress Distribution in the Cortical Bone in Single Tooth Implant and Post Core-treated Tooth subjected to variable Loads." International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 7, no. 1 (2017): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1168.

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ABSTRACT Purpose In spite of many advances in the field of prosthetic dentistry, the choice of whether to treat and retain a grossly compromised tooth or to extract and replace with an implant is debatable. Alveolar bone preservation is one of the main criteria to select the treatment option. This is directly affected by the stress generated in the cortical bone under variable loads and is therefore, relevant. Materials and methods Two three-dimensional finite element models were generated in relation to maxillary second premolar using ANSYS software. Model-I was parallel-tapered titanium implant with screw-retained titanium abutment and porcelain fused to metal (PFM) crown. Model-P was fiber post and com- posite resin core with PFM crown. Luting cement was resin cement. Both the models were surrounded by homogeneous and isotropic cortical and cancellous bone, and were subjected to variable loads of 300, 400, and 500 N in axial (0°) and nonaxial (15°, 45°) directions. Results Stress in the cortical bone in megapascal (MPa) in Model-I/Model-P when subjected to variable loads in newtons(N) in axial direction was 300 N - 37.6 MPa/47.3 MPa; 400 N - 50.2 MPa/63.0 MPa; 500 N - 62.7 MPa/63.0 MPa. 15°- 300 N - 68.5 MPa/65.9 MPa; 400 N - 91.3 MPa/87.9 MPa; 500 N - 114.2 MPa/87.9 MPa. 45° - 300 N - 136.3 MPa/88.9 MPa; 400 N - 181.8 MPa/118.5 MPa; 500 N - 227.2 MPa/118.5 MPa. Conclusion Within the limitation of this study, it was concluded that on axial loading, both the treatment modalities showed no significant difference, but on nonaxial loading, the cortical bone in the implant model showed to have considerably higher stress than post core-treated tooth model. Hence, given a choice, this study favors retaining and restoring a compromised tooth with post core and crown rather than extracting and replacing with an implant. How to cite this article Rao S, Arora H, Hameed S. A Three- dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Stress Distribution in the Cortical Bone in Single Tooth Implant and Post Core-treated Tooth subjected to variable Loads. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(1):8-16.
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Skov, Vibe, Lasse Kjær, Mads Thomassen, Steffen Koschmieder, Julia Czech, Nicolas Chatain, Niels Pallisgaard, Sabrina Cordua, Torben A. Kruse, and Hans Carl Hasselbalch. "The Impact of the Mutational Landscape upon the Molecular Responses to Interferon-Alfa2 in Calr-Mutated MPN Patients." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 4327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-119158.

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Abstract Introduction: The Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are associated with driver mutations in JAK2, CALR, and MPL genes. Non-driver mutations involved in epigenetic regulation, signaling, and splicing are suggested to affect disease progression and treatment response. Interferon-alpha2 (IFN) induces hematologic and molecular responses in patients (pts) with MPNs. We studied 20 CALR positive pts by targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) of 68 genes and investigated the impact of somatic mutations on the molecular response to IFN. Methods: Twenty JAK2V617F negative CALR mutated pts (type 1 (n=14), type 2 (n=4), and other (n=2)) with ET (n=3), pre-PMF (n=5) and PMF (n=12) treated with IFN participated in the study. Targeted NGS was performed on DNA from peripheral blood at baseline and during IFN therapy. Libraries were prepared using an in-house gene panel covering 68 genes (Table 1). NGS was performed on the Ion Torrent platform and data were analyzed using Biomedical Genomics workbench and VarSeq. Variants with coverage <100x, variant allele frequency (VAF) <3%, introns, germline and synonymous variants, and SNPs with minor allele frequency >1% were excluded. A mutation with VAF <3% in either a pre- or post-treatment sample was retained if VAF was >3% in the paired sample. Statistical analysis was done in R and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean average coverage per base was 2749 (range:1964-3874). In all pts, median CALR allele burden (%CALR) was 41.5% (range: 30-53) and 40% (range: 5.7-54) at baseline and follow-up, respectively. The median duration of IFN treatment from NGS at baseline to follow-up was 33 months (range: 7-100). Median number of non-driver mutations was 3 (range: 0-9) in all pts. Nineteen (95%) pts had at least one non-driver mutation, 14 (70%) >1, and 12 (60%) ³3. Stratified according to molecular response (MR) and non-MR, 4 (20%) achieved MR and 16 (80%) non-MR. Median %CALR at baseline was 42 (30-53) and 39 (33-49) in non-MR and MR, respectively, and 44 (25-54) and 10 (6-15) in non-MR and MR, respectively, during treatment with IFN. Median number of non-driver mutations was 2 (range: 0-6) in MR and 3 (range: 1-9) in non-MR. In all pts, there were 64 non-driver mutations in 18 genes at baseline and during IFN therapy. Of the 20 pts analyzed, TET2 occurred in 50% of pts, CUX1 in 45%, DNMT3A in 40%, GATA2 in 35%, ASXL1 in 30%, and SH2B3 in 10%. Each of the mutations - CBL, IKZF1, VEGFA and XPC occurred in 10% and EZH2, JAK2S523del, NF1, NFE2, PHIP, SF3B1, SRSF2, and TGFB1 in 5%. Interestingly, the epigenetic regulator genes ASXL1, DNMT3A, and TET2 were frequently mutated. Notably, TET2 occurred exclusively in pre-PMF and PMF. To examine if non-driver mutations were associated with a response to treatment with IFN, %CALR was evaluated in TET2, ASXL1, CUX1, DNMT3A, and GATA2 wild type (wt) and mutated pre- and post-treatment samples. Patients with mutations in CUX1 had a significantly higher post-IFN-treatment %CALR compared to CUX1 wt pts (p<0.03). Moreover, CUX1 wt pts had a significant reduction in %CALR during treatment (p<0.04) (Figure 2). Different scenarios were observed when comparing the evolution of the mutant allele burden in non-driver mutations and the CALR mutation during treatment (Figure 3). An ASXL1 mutation was present in one MR with VAF decreasing from 3 to 0.5 in response to IFN. Five non-MRs carried an ASXL1 mutation with increasing or unchanged VAF in 4 of 5 pts and decreasing VAF in one pt. Discussion and Conclusions: In the present study, ASXL1, DNMT3A, and TET2 were frequently mutated possibly due to the high number of pts with pre-PMF and PMF. An association between poor response to IFN and ASXL1 mutations was recently reported in PMF. Indeed, we found a possible association between ASXL1 mutations and non-MR with increased or unchanged %ASXL1 during IFN therapy. However, in one MR and one non-MR, we recorded a marked decline in %ASXL1 but a sustained decrease or increase in %CALR, respectively. These results might imply a pt specific clonal heterogeneity. CUX1 is a transcription factor regulating TP53. We show that pts without CUX1 mutations had a significant reduction in %CALR and a significantly lower %CALR compared to CUX1 mutated pts during treatment. Our finding of a blunted response to IFN in CALR/CUX1 mutated pts deserves further studies in larger cohorts of CALR mutated MPNs. Disclosures Hasselbalch: Novartis: Research Funding.
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Eidukynas, Rimantas, and Valdas Barauskas. "ANALYSIS OF CONTACT PROBLEMS IN ELASTIC—PLASTIC METAL SEALS/TAMPRIŲJŲ METALINIŲ SANDARIKLIŲ KONTAKTINĖS SĄVEIKOS TYRIMAS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 3, no. 10 (June 30, 1997): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.1997.10531682.

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One of the most important problems in the design of seal joints is the optimisation of their shape and the material properties. This paper presents the results of the numerical simulation of conical and cantilever seal joints contact problems by using the finite element system ANSYS 5.0A. The temperature and friction have been taken into account. The sealing principle of conical seals, which are usually used as flange joints in networks of pipes, is based on large plastic deformations of seal edges and maintaining the highly elastic property of the whole construction of the seal. Fig 1 presents the scheme of the conical seal used as a base for numerical simulations. The relation between the contact force and displacement in conical seals with various material hardening shows that the contact force is not proportional to the displacement. The latter statement is demonstrated by Fig 2, presenting the results of the numerical simulations, where the curves 1, 2, 3 correspond to the following numerical values of material properties curve 1- E = 2,1.105 MPa, σy = 280 MPa, Eκ1 = 7000 MPa (ε ≤ 0,0125), E&kappa2 = 2500 MPa (0,0125 < ε ≤ 0,0125), Eκ3 = 600 MPa (0,1 < ε ≤ 0,3), Eκ4 = 1000 MPa (ε > 0,3), curve 2—E=2,1.105 MPa, σy = 200 MPa, Eκ = 5.103 MPa; curve 3—E = 2,1.105 MPa, σy = 500 MPa, Eκ = 3.103 MPa. Under displacement 0,7—1,3 mm, the cone seal usually loses stability by exhibiting the second form of instability. Such a sealing joint is not suitable for the practical application as it is not hermetic. Fig 3 shows the deformed shape and contours of the equivalent plastic strains of the above-mentioned conical seal (RAD1=0,153 m, RAD2=0,159 m, h=0,001 m, A=0,0007m, α = 60°, β=0°, ϕ = 10°, γ = 45°, E = 2,1.105 MPa, σy=280 MPa, Eκ1 =7000 MPa (ε ≤ 0,0125), Eκ2 =2500 MPa (0,0125 < ε ≤ 0,0125), Eκ3 = 1600 MPa (0,1 < ε ≤ 0,3), Eκ4 = 1000 MPa (ε > 0,3), ν = 0,3) in one of the loading steps of the solution process. Numerous numerical simulations have shown that the second form of instability is caused by unfavourable loading and boundary conditions for the first instability form. Such numeric results correspond exactly to the experiments. Under high pressure of the working medium (over 40 MPa), such seals collapse by exhibiting the first form of instability. The contact force increases only by 10%, and the collapse occurs when the seal is loaded more than 1,4 mm. V—and λ—form (cantilever) seals may recover from static and 0,1—0,4 mm dynamic displacements due to their high elasticity. Usually such seals possess soft metallic or polymeric coats. The process of the seal deformation is very complex because the contact surface slides and rolls upon the basic surface. In this paper the problem has been solved be using the submodelling techniques of ANSYS. The submodelling involves analysing a coarse model and by subsequently creating the finely meshed “submodel” of the region of interest. The coarse model displacements are applied as constraints on the cut boundary of submodel. In this problem, we will use the region of the whole cantilever seal as the coarse model. The region of interest is the contact zone, so we create the submodel of this region. Due to symmetry, only half a seal needs to be modelled (Fig 4), where RADX = 3 mm,S1 = 5 mm, H1 = 1,7 mm, H2 = 0,5 mm,S2 = 0,5 mm,3 = 2,8 mm, S3=5,5 mm, RAD1 = RAD2 = RAD3 = 1 mm, RADY = 4mm, RADC=30 mm, DD=0,1 mm, δ=0,12 mm, E= 2,1.105 MPa, ν = 0,3. After numerous numerical simulations, the base relations were defined. The maximum stress intensity dependence against the parameters of the arms of the cantilever spring seal elastic zone (Fig 6); ratio of relative seal radius against maximal stress intensity σI, pressure force F and contact pressure q1 (Fig 7). The analysis enabled to obtain the optimised construction of the seal. The elastic-plastic deformation analysis of the coating has been performed. When the loads are small, the stress and strain contours are characteristic of classic Hertzian [1] contact theory. With higher loads, the picture changes significantly. After increasing the contact area width, the plastic zone grows and develops through to the boundaries of the interacting region. By summarising the simulation results were obtained: the relations between the contact width, the approach of the contact surfaces δ, relative contact force Fk and ratio q/σy, when coating thickness is 0,14 mm and radius of the indenter 0,5 mm. The relation q/σy in this case is constant, approximately equal to 16. With the increase of the indenter radius, the ratio q/σy is not constant and increases with an increase of the contact force. The numerical simulations of various seals allow to arrive to the following conclusions: For cone seals the geometric instability (usually in the second form) is exhibited even at computatively small loads. When the loading exceeds 1,2 mm, the elastic structure may acquire an unaxisymmetric form. In the usage of such seals, the following points should be taken into account: it is necessary to match the materials properly. Best suitable materials have higher yield point and higher stiffness hardening; try to keep axisymmetric form of a seal even under the collapse. For this reason it is necessary to keep high requirements; good results are obtained by covering the seals with soft coatings, thus reducing the force. In such way only the coating is subjected to the plastic deformation, while the whole structure remains elastic. Cantilever seals have good elastic properties and do not loose stability. After summarising the numerical simulations results, the suggestions for the rational geometric shape of the cantilever seal have been made. In the design of coated seals it is necessary to take into account that the equivalent plastic strains in the coat layers close to the indenter increase with increasing contact force, decreasing the indenter radius and the coat thickness
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33

Mikoliūnas, Audrius, and Rimantas Kačianauskas. "STIFFNESS CHARACTERISTICS OF GEOMETRICALLY NON-LINEAR BEAM FINITE ELEMENT/GEOMETRIŠKAI NETIESINIO LENKIAMO STRYPO BAIGTINIO ELEMENTO STANDUMO RODIKLIŲ NUSTATYMAS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 3, no. 10 (June 30, 1997): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.1997.10531684.

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Two-dimensional geometrically non-linear beam element is considered in this paper. The explicit expressions of stiffness characteristics of element with three nodes are derived and tested. Among models of the geometrically non-linear beams, the elements with 2 nodes dominate [1–8]. Such elements produce constant axial force. The idea of more complex elements with tree nodes was suggested in [3]. In this paper geometrically non-linear flat bending beam element with 3 nodes for evaluating of axial force is investigated and nonlinear stiffness characteristics are derived. Basic relations of element e are derived using virtual displacement method. On the level of element e, the principle of virtual displacements is expressed by equalities (1–3). Using displacement approach, displacement functions are prescribed in the bounds of one finite element. Generalised deformations are obtained by introducing displacements approximation (4) and inserting them into non-linear geometric equations (5–6). Variation of deformation energy (3) is expressed in (7). Putting equality (7) into (1), it is possible to write equality of virtual works in terms of non-linear algebraic equations (8). Non-linear stiffness matrix is presented as the sum of 3 matrices (9). The first matrix [K 0e ] (linear matrix) is the matrix of small deflections, which is independent on deformed shape. The second matrix [K Ne ] is the matrix of large deflections. The third matrix [K Ge ] is a geometrical stiffness matrix. It reflects the second member of equality (7). Expressions of geometrically non-linear stiffness matrices are greatly dependent on the introduced assumptions and appropriate elements. Shallow beam finite element is shown in Fig 1. This finite element has 3 nodes. In the initial configuration a beam can be straight (Fig 1a), or curved (Fig 1b). The initial configuration of a beam is described by a vector z = {z1 αx1, Z2, αx2}T of a beam final nodal co-ordinates, where z i means nodes co-ordinates, αxi—initial rotations (Fig lb). However, the initial configuration is a relative statement, and is generally described by vector z. If in initial configuration the element is straight, vector z=0. Physical properties of the element are denoted with capital EA (tensional rigidity) and EI (flexural rigidity). The finite element has 7 degrees of freedom: 3 of them are defined at each end of the element (2 linear and 1 rotation) and 1 in the middle of the element Vector Ue of nodal deflections for this element is split into two parts: Ue= {u, w}T , u = {u1, u2,u3}T, w'=z+w, w={w1,Θx1, w2, Θx2}T. Deflection u3 shows the deflection of the middle beam node, which is not proportional to the final nodal deflections. To be more strict, u3 is straightened by linear law. So the linear element in the direction of longitudinal deformation expression is (11). The deflection of a point which is moved from the centre of plane surface in distance z1, deflection u (in direction x) is expressed in (12). Deformation is expressed by summarised deformations (13). So the deformed element only longitudinal deformation Δ is assigned, which is shown in (16). Evaluating earlier received expressions, it is possible to make equality of virtual work (1), where generalised vectors Θ e (x)={Δx, κ}T and Q e (x)={N, M}T. Generalised deformations Δ and κ expressed by deflections approximating expressions (4). For convenience, vertical and horizontal deflections are separated (17). By analogy with deflections, vector z and its derivatives are approximated by (24–25). Beam's curvature (15) is also expressed by nodal deflections: (26–27). Putting (20, 21, 26) into (16) and (15, 16) into (13) and expression (28) is got. Evaluating that the element work in elastic stage, expression (10) can be rewritten (29). The final stiffness matrix expression (9) is given in the form of block matrices (30). Expressions of block matrices are presented by (31–33). Having completed operations in expressions (31–33), final stiffness matrix is (34–36). After integrating, linear matrix is (37). Analogous operations are performed with matrices (35)–(38). Elements of this matrix are calculated using computer algebra. Matrix (36) consists of three parts. The first integral (39) is stiffness matrix of bending beam. If we assume that axial force in beam's length is invariable, the third integral is equal to (41). Assuming that axial force in the length of element is not constant (the axial force is calculated according to forms (28,29)), the expressions of geometrical stiffness matrix become very complicated. Analysis of geometrically non-linear system of finite elements is described by algebraic equation (42). Usually expression of non-linear deformation is investigated as a process varying in time t, where outer load F and deflections U are functions of time: F≡6F(t) and U≡6U(t). Load in the moment of time t i+1 = t i + Δt is added in portions (43). Deflections are expressed by analogy with (44). Non-linear model (42) is expressed by increments (45). Vector of residuals γ reflects solution of equation (42) inadequacy of state variables. Nowadays there exists many algorithms of different complexity for solution of non-linear problems [2–4,9,10]. The majority of methods that have already become standard uses different Newton-type variety of algorithms. Classical Newton-type algorithms are adapted to non-linear process with so called “softening” curve to model (Fig 2a). In the work there was done and realised a combined algorithm for non-linear process with “hardening” or “softening” curve to model. The illustration of algorithm is given in Fig 3. Using the algorithm in every load step, tangent stiffness matrix is counted twice. The first matrix corresponds to tangent of load step at the beginning (tangent 1), and the second one to the step at the end (tangent 2). Algorithm is implemented in the program created by the authors. A simple cantilever beam (Fig 4) is taken for the test. History of deformation was investigated. The results are given in non-dimensional quantities (Fig 5). Euler's method is realised as a particular case of implemented algorithm. The same example was also solved using program ANSYS, where beam elements are used and described only by two nodes. The results presented show obviously the advantages of three-node element and validity of proposed assumptions.
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34

Krasil’nikov, V. V., M. Sh Al-Bdeiri, S. V. Sergeev, and N. A. Dubrovina. "Temperature analysis of oxide coating of aluminum alloy piston used in diesel engine." Strengthening Technologies and Coatings, 2020, 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36652/1813-1336-2020-16-10-435-439.

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The task of increasing in the efficiency (lowering of fuel consumption) of diesel engines is considered. The distribution of temperatures and stresses on the surface of oxide-coated piston coated by galvanic plasma modification is analized. The basic equations are obtained using the finite element method and solved using the ANSYS Workbench 18.1 and Solidworks 17. It is found thatthe surface temperature increases with increasing of coating thickness due to decrease in thermal outflow. The increase in maximum temperature relative to the uncoated piston is 64.3 % for 0.13 mm thickness coating. The temperature curves obtained for different thicknesses of the bottom are similar to each other and approximately equidistant. The numerical modeling showed that higher temperature in the combustion chamber is provided by thermal barrier coatings, which increases the efficiency of the engine. Lowering the surface temperature of the piston (substrate) creates favorable conditions for the piston to work.
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35

Saxena, Amita, and Ashish Kumar Sinha. "ANALYSIS OF FATIGUE OF CONNECTING ROD ZL 109 BY USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 2, no. 9 (December 30, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v2i9.113.

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The connecting rod is the intermediate member between the piston and the Crankshaft. Its primary function is to transmit the push and pull from the piston pin to the crank pin, thus converting the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crank. Existing connecting rod is manufactured by using Carbon steel. The axial stresses are produced due to cylinder gas pressure (compressive only) and the inertia force arising in account of reciprocating action (both tensile as well as compressive), where as bending stresses are caused due to the centrifugal effects. The result of which is, the maximum stresses are developed at the fillet section of the big and the small end. Hence, the project deals with the stress analysis of connecting rod by Finite Element Method ANSYS WORKBENCH 16.0 Software. The main objective in this paper to review on design evaluation and optimization of connecting rod parameters by using finite element method is to achieve suitable design for connecting rod. That can be achieved by changing such design parameters in the existing design. Finite element analysis of single cylinder four stroke petrol engines is taken for the study; Structural systems of Connecting rod can be easily analyzed using Finite Element techniques. So firstly a proper Finite Element Model is developed using CAD software. Then static and dynamic analysis is done to determine the von Misses stress, shear stress, elastic strain, total deformation in the present design connecting rod for the given loading conditions using Finite Element Analysis Software ANSYS v 16.In the first part of the study, the static and dynamic loads acting on the connecting rod, After that the work is carried out for safe design. Based on the observations of the static FEA and the load analysis results, the load for the optimization study was selected. The results were also used to determine of various stress and the fatigue model to be used for analyzing the fatigue strength. Outputs of the fatigue analysis of include fatigue life, damage, factor of safety, stress biaxiality indication. Then results of present model in ANSYS 16.0 are compared with the results of existing design in the reference paper.
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36

KHANDAI, SURESH CHANDRA, ASHWIN KUMAR K, and K. M. PARAMMASIVAM. "COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SINGLE EXPANSION RAMP NOZZLE FLOWS." International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, April 2014, 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47893/ijmie.2014.1170.

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The present work deals with the computational study of the single expansion ramp nozzle (SERN) flows for the supersonic regime. Theoretical calculations are carried out for different geometries with certain assumptions. Based on the initial calculation and with the help of Method of Characteristics, nozzle configuration with similar axisymmetric convergent portion and distinct non-axisymmetric divergent portions are drafted. Commercial CFD software ANSYS 12 with Navier Stokes code is used for the computational studies. The study begins with a simple upper flat ramp at different angles with a very small lower cowl at fixed angles. The divergent section of a conventional three-dimensional nozzle is used as the upper ramp of the SERN. The study includes the variation of the ramp at different angles ranging from 16 deg. to 24 deg. with 2 deg. intervals, the cowl angle ranging from 0 deg. to 6 deg. with 2 deg. intervals and the length of the cowl varying from 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 times the length of the ramp. The performance parameters like Thrust, Normal force and Mach Variation for these different contours are analyzed and compared. The various parameters used are nozzle length, cowl length, cowl angle, ramp-angle, and ramp length. The shape of the SERN is optimized for the design parameters. The grid sensitivity computational analysis is also performed before finalizing the grid for study.
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37

Al-Dawody, Mohamed, and S. K. Bhatti. "Computational Combustion and Emission Analysis of Biodiesel in a Variable Compression Ratio Engine." Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 12, no. 3 (October 11, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.30772/qjes.v12i3.616.

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The aim of the present study is to analyse the combustion characteristics, performance and emission parameters of a variable compression ratio (VCR) diesel engine experimentally and numerically using soybean methyl ester (SME) biodiesel. Initially the engine is fed with diesel to capture the basic data, and then SME was tested as 20 % blend (B20), as 40% blend (B40) and as pure bio-fuel (B100). The experimental investigations are followed by a computational combustion and emissions analysis of diesel engine which is done by using the CFD software (ANSYS FLUENT 13). The combustion, performance and emissions parameters are evaluated by operating the engine at four different compression ratios of 15, 16, 17.5 and 19 and varying the load from 0 kW to 4.4 kW with 1.1 kW step. It is observed that peak pressure is closer to TDC when SME blends is increased. SME blend has earlier combustion start because of the advancement in the injection timing, shorter delay time. Increasing mixing ratio of biodiesel is found to decrease BTE slightly and increases the BSFC. Remarkable decrease in UHC and CO emissions as the ratio of SME is increased due to the complete combustion of biodiesel with presence of more oxygen in the combustion chamber. The measured BSN for B20, B40, and B100 SME was less than that of diesel fuel by 20.44%, 35.78%, and 48.3% respectively. It is inferred from the combustion analysis that as the compression ratio increases from 15 to 19 a decrease in smoke intensity, UHC, and CO, but it increases the emission of NOx. Both turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent dissipation rate were decreased as the percentage of SME increased by 10.84% and 2.01% respectively. The increase in compression ratio from 15 to 19 caused an increase in the peak pressure, density, combustion velocity, turbulence, peak temperature, NOx and a decrease in soot emissions. It can be assessed that the B20 SME is best suited to implement it into diesel engine without any effects. It has been founded from the results that 19 compression ratio has shown good performance and low emissions as compared to other compression ratios. The results obtained from the experimental investigation have been compared with the results of CFD analysis and are found to be in good agreement with each other with just slight deviation.
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Sk, Farooq. "Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 Journal > Journal > Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 > Page 6 PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF GASOLINE-ETHANOL BLENDS ON PFI-SI ENGINE Authors: D.Vinay Kumar ,G.Samhita Priyadarsini,V.Jagadeesh Babu,Y.Sai Varun Teja, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00051 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Alcohol based fuels can be produced from renewable energy sources and has the potential to reduce pollutant emissions due to their oxygenated nature. Lighter alcohols like ethanol and methanol are easily miscible with gasoline and by blending alcohols with gasoline; a part of conventional fuel can be replaced while contributing to fuel economy. Several researchers tested various ethanol blends on different engine test rigs and identified ethanol as one of the most promising ecofriendly fuels for spark ignition engine. Its properties high octane number, high latent heat of vaporization give better performance characteristics and reduces exhaust emissions compared to gasoline. This paper focuses on studying the effects of blending 50 of ethanol by volume with gasoline as it hardly needs engine modifications. Gasoline (E0) and E50 fuels were investigated experimentally on single-cylinder, four-stroke port fuel injection spark ignition engine by varying engine speed from 1500 rpm to 3500 rpm. Performance Characteristics like torque, brake power, specific fuel consumption, and volumetric efficiency and exhaust emissions such as HC, CO, CO2, NOx were studied.. Keywords: Ethanol,Emissions,Gasoline,Port fuel Injection, Refference: I Badrawada, I. G. G., and A. A. P. Susastriawan. “Influence of ethanol–gasoline blend on performance and emission of four-stroke spark ignition motorcycle.” Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy (2019): 1-6. II Doğan, Battal, et al. “The effect of ethanol-gasoline blends on performance and exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine through exergy analysis.” Applied Thermal Engineering 120 (2017): 433-443. III Efemwenkiekie, U. Ka, et al. “Comparative Analysis of a Four Stroke Spark Ignition Engine Performance Using Local Ethanol and Gasoline Blends.” Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019): 1079-1086. IV Galloni, E., F. Scala, and G. Fontana. “Influence of fuel bio-alcohol content on the performance of a turbo-charged, PFI, spark-ignition engine.” Energy 170 (2019): 85-92. V Hasan, Ahmad O., et al. “Impact of changing combustion chamber geometry on emissions, and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder SI (spark ignition) engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline blends.” Fuel 231 (2018): 197-203. VI Mourad, M., and K. Mahmoud. “Investigation into SI engine performance characteristics and emissions fuelled with ethanol/butanol-gasoline blends.” Renewable Energy 143 (2019): 762-771. VII Singh, Ripudaman, et al. “Influence of fuel injection strategies on efficiency and particulate emissions of gasoline and ethanol blends in a turbocharged multi-cylinder direct injection engine.” International Journal of Engine Research (2019): 1468087419838393. VIII Thakur, Amit Kumar, et al. “Progress in performance analysis of ethanol-gasoline blends on SI engine.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 69 (2017): 324-340. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS FOR CUSTOMIZED AFO USING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING Authors: Gamini Suresh,Nagarjuna Maguluri,Kunchala Balakrishna, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00052 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Neurodegenerative conditions and compressed nerves often cause an abnormal foot drop that affects an individual gait and make it difficult to walk normally. Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) is the medical device which is recommended for the patients to improve the walking ability and decrease the risk of falls. Custom AFOs provide better fit, comfort and performance than pre-manufactured ones. The technique of 3D-printing is suitable for making custom AFOs. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a 3D-printing method for custom AFO applications with the desired resistance and material deposition rate. Generally, FDM is a thermal process; therefore materials thermal behaviour plays an important role in optimizing the performance of the printed parts. The objective of this study is to evaluate the thermal behaviour of PLA, ABS, nylon and WF-PLA filaments before manufacturing the AFO components using the FDM method. In the study, the sequence of testing materials provides a basic measuring method to investigate AFO device parts thermal stability. Thermal analysis (TG/DTG and DSC) was carried out before 3D printing is to characterize the thermal stability of each material. Keywords: Additive Manufacturing,Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO),FusedDeposition Modelling,ThermalAnalysis, Refference: I. J. Pritchett, “Foot drop: Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology,” Medscape Drugs, Dis. Proced., vol. 350, no. apr27_6, p. h1736, 2014. II. J. Graham, “Foot drop: Explaining the causes, characteristics and treatment,” Br. J. Neurosci. Nurs., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 168–172, 2010. III. Y. Feng and Y. Song, “The Categories of AFO and Its Effect on Patients With Foot Impair: A Systemic Review,” Phys. Act. Heal., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 8–16, 2017. IV. J. H. P. Pallari, K. W. Dalgarno, J. Munguia, L. Muraru, L. Peeraer, S. Telfer, and J. Woodburn” Design and additive fabrication of foot and ankle-foot orthoses”21st Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium – An Additive Manufacturing Conference, SFF 2010 (2010) 834-845 V. Y. Jin, Y. He, and A. Shih, “Process Planning for the Fuse Deposition Modeling of Ankle-Foot-Othoses,” Procedia CIRP, vol. 42, no. Isem Xviii, pp. 760–765, 2016. VI. R. K. Chen, Y. an Jin, J. Wensman, and A. Shih, “Additive manufacturing of custom orthoses and prostheses-A review,” Addit. Manuf., vol. 12, pp. 77–89, 2016. VII. A. D. Maso and F. Cosmi, “ScienceDirect 3D-printed ankle-foot orthosis : a design method,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 12, pp. 252–261, 2019. VIII. B. Yuan et al., “Designing of a passive knee-assisting exoskeleton for weight-bearing,” in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 2017, vol. 10463 LNAI, pp. 273–285. IX. R. Spina, B. Cavalcante, and F. Lavecchia, “Diment LE, Thompson MS, Bergmann JHM. Clinical efficacy and effectiveness of 3D printing: a systematic review.,” AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 1960, 2018. X. M. Srivastava, S. Maheshwari, T. K. Kundra, and S. Rathee, “ScienceDirect Multi-Response Optimization of Fused Deposition Modelling Process Parameters of ABS Using Response Surface Methodology ( RSM ) -Based Desirability Analysis,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1972–1977, 2017. XI. E. Malekipour, S. Attoye, and H. El-Mounayri, “Investigation of Layer Based Thermal Behavior in Fused Deposition Modeling Process by Infrared Thermography,” Procedia Manuf., vol. 26, pp. 1014–1022, 2018. XII. A. Patar, N. Jamlus, K. Makhtar, J. Mahmud, and T. Komeda, “Development of dynamic ankle foot orthosis for therapeutic application,” Procedia Eng., vol. 41, no. Iris, pp. 1432–1440, 2012. XIII. Y. A. Jin, H. Li, Y. He, and J. Z. Fu, “Quantitative analysis of surface profile in fused deposition modelling,” Addit. Manuf., vol. 8, pp. 142–148, 2015. XIV. M. Walbran, K. Turner, and A. J. McDaid, “Customized 3D printed ankle-foot orthosis with adaptable carbon fibre composite spring joint,” Cogent Eng., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2016. XV. N. Wierzbicka, F. Górski, R. Wichniarek, and W. Kuczko, “The effect of process parameters in fused deposition modelling on bonding degree and mechanical properties,” Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 283–288, 2017. XVI. S. Farah, D. G. Anderson, and R. Langer, “Physical and mechanical properties of PLA, and their functions in widespread applications — A comprehensive review,” Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., vol. 107, pp. 367–392, 2016. XVII. S. Wojtyła, P. Klama, and T. Baran, “Is 3D printing safe ? Analysis of the thermal treatment of thermoplastics : ABS , PLA , PET , and,” vol. 9624, no. April, 2017. XVIII. G. Cicala et al., “Polylactide / lignin blends,” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 2017. XIX. S. Y. Lee, I. A. Kang, G. H. Doh, H. G. Yoon, B. D. Park, and Q. Wu, “Thermal and mechanical properties of wood flour/talc-filled polylactic acid composites: Effect of filler content and coupling treatment,” J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 209–223, 2008. XX. Y. Tao, H. Wang, Z. Li, P. Li, and S. Q. Shi, “Development and application ofwood flour-filled polylactic acid composite filament for 3d printing,” Materials (Basel)., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1–6, 2017. XXI. D. Lewitus, S. McCarthy, A. Ophir, and S. Kenig, “The effect of nanoclays on the properties of PLLA-modified polymers Part 1: Mechanical and thermal properties,” J. Polym. Environ., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 171–177, 2006. XXII. H. J. Chung, E. J. Lee, and S. T. Lim, “Comparison in glass transition and enthalpy relaxation between native and gelatinized rice starches,” Carbohydr. Polym., vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 287–298, 2002. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 CFD STUDIES OF MIXING BEHAVIOR OF INERT SAND WITH BIOMASS IN FLUIDIZED BED Authors: B.J.M.Rao,K.V.N.S.Rao, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00053 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Agriculture deposits, which remains unused and often causes ecological problems, could play an important role as an energy source to meet energy needs in developing countries ‘ rural areas. Moreover, energy levels in these deposits are low and need to be elevated by introducing efficient operative conversion technologies to utilize these residues as fuels. In this context, the utilization of a fluidized bed innovation enables a wide range of non-uniform-sized low-grade fuels to be effectively converted into other forms of energy.This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of fluidized conversion method for transformation of agricultural by-products such as rice husk, sawdust, and groundnut shells into useful energy. The present investigation was conducted to know the mixing characteristics of sand and fuel have been found by conducting experiments with mixing ratio of rice husk (1:13), saw dust(1:5) and groundnut shells (1:12), the variation of particle movement in the bed and mixing characteristics are analyzed. The impact of sand molecule size on the fluidization speed of two biofuel and sand components is studied and recommended for groundnut shells using a sand molecule of 0.6 mm size and for rice husk, sawdust 0.4 mm sand particle size. Also, establish that the particle size of sand has a significant effect on mingling features in case of sawdust. In the next part of the investigation, the CFD simulations of the fluidized bed are done to investigate the mixing behavior of sand and biomass particles. A set of simulations are conducted by ANSYS FLUENT16; the state of the bed is the same as that of the test. The findings were presented with the volume fraction of sand and biomass particles in the form of contour plots. Keywords: Biomass,sand,mixing behavior,Volume Fraction,CFD model, Refference: I Anil Tekale, Swapna God, Balaji Bedre, Pankaj Vaghela, Ganesh Madake, Suvarna Labade (2017), Energy Production from Biomass: Review, International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, Volume 2, Issue 10, ISSN No: – 2456 – 2165. II Anil Kumar, Nitin Kumar , Prashant Baredar , Ashish Shukla (2015), A review on biomass energy resources, potential, conversion and policy in India, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Reviews 45-530-539. III Zhenglan Li, ZhenhuaXue (2015), Review of Biomass Energy utilization technology, 3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering. IV Abdeen Mustafa Omer (2011), Biomass energy resources utilisation and waste management, Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development Vol. 3(8), pp. 149 -170 V Rijul Dhingra, Abhinav Jain, Abhishek Pandey, and Srishti Mahajan (2014), Assessment of Renewable Energy in India, International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 5, No. 5. VI Paulina Drożyner, Wojciech Rejmer, Piotr Starowicz,AndrzejKlasa, Krystyna A. Skibniewska (2013), Biomass as a Renewable Source of Energy, Technical Sciences 16(3), 211–220. VII Souvik Das, Swati Sikdar (2016), A Review on the Non-conventional Energy Sources in Indian Perspective, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 03 Issue: 02. VIII Maninder, Rupinderjit Singh Kathuria, Sonia Grover, Using Agricultural Residues as a Biomass Briquetting: An Alternative Source of Energy, IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSRJEEE), ISSN: 2278-1676 Volume 1, Issue 5 (July-Aug. 2012), PP 11-15. IX H.B.Goyal, DiptenduldDeal, R.C.Saxena (2006) Bio-fuels from thermochemical conversion of renewable resources: A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 12, Issue 2Pages 504-517. X Digambar H. Patil, J. K. Shinde(2017) A Review Paper on Study of Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier, International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology, Volume 4, Issue 4 XI Neil T.M. Duffy, John A. Eaton (2013) Investigation of factors affecting channelling in fixed-bed solid fuel combustion using CFD, Combustion and Flame 160, 2204–2220. XII Xing Wu, Kai Li, Feiyue and Xifeng Zhu (2017), Fluidization Behavior of Biomass Particles and its Improvement in a Cold Visualized Fluidized, Bio Resources 12(2), 3546-3559. XIII N.G. Deen, M. Van Sint Annaland, M.A. Van der Hoef, J.A.M. Kuipers (2007), Reviewof discrete particle modeling of fluidized beds, Chemical Engineering Science 62, 28 – 44. XIV BaskaraSethupathySubbaiah, Deepak Kumar Murugan, Dinesh Babu Deenadayalan, Dhamodharan.M.I (2014), Gasification of Biomass Using Fluidized Bed, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 2. XV Priyanka Kaushal, Tobias Pröll and Hermann Hofbauer, Modelling and simulation of the biomass fired dual fluidized bed gasifier at Guessing/Austria. XVI Dawit DiribaGuta (2012), Assessment of Biomass Fuel Resource Potential and Utilization in Ethiopia: Sourcing Strategies for Renewable Energies, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, Vol.2, and No.1. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 AN APPROACH FOR OPTIMISING THE FLOW RATE CONDITIONS OF A DIVERGENT NOZZLE UNDER DIFFERENT ANGULAR CONDITIONS Authors: Lam Ratna Raju ,Ch. Pavan Satyanarayana,Neelamsetty Vijaya Kavya, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00054 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: A spout is a device which is used to offer the guidance to the gases leaving the burning chamber. Spout is a chamber which has a capability to change over the thermo-compound essentials created within the ignition chamber into lively vitality. The spout adjustments over the low speed, excessive weight, excessive temperature fuel in the consuming chamber into rapid gasoline of decrease weight and low temperature. An exciting spout is used if the spout weight volume is superior vehicles in supersonic airplane machines commonly combine a few sort of a distinctive spout. Our exam is surpassed on the use of programming like Ansys Workbench for arranging of the spout and Fluent 15.0 for separating the streams inside the spout. The events of staggers for the pipe formed spouts have been seen close by trade parameters for numerous considered one of a kind edges. The parameters underneath recognition are differentiated and that of shape spout for singular terrific edges by using keeping up the gulf, outlet and throat width and lengths of joined together and diverse quantities as same. The simultaneous component and throat expansiveness are kept regular over the cases.The surprise of stun became envisioned and the effects exhibited near closeness in direction of motion of Mach circle and its appearance plans as exposed in numerous preliminary considers on advancement in pipe molded particular spouts with assorted edges four°,7°, 10°, Occurrence of stun is seen with higher special factors Keywords: Nozzle,Supersonic Rocket Engine,Divergent edges, Refference: I. Varun, R.; Sundararajan,T.; Usha,R.; Srinivasan,ok.; Interaction among particle-laden under increased twin supersonic jets, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2010 224: 1005. II. Pandey,K.M.; Singh, A.P.; CFD Analysis of Conical Nozzle for Mach 3 at Various Angles of Divergence with Fluent Software, International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Vol. 1, No. 2, August 2010, ISSN: 2010-0221. III. Natta, Pardhasaradhi.; Kumar, V.Ranjith.; Rao, Dr. Y.V. Hanumantha.; Flow Analysis of Rocket Nozzle Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), ISSN: 2248-9622,Vol. 2, Issue five, September- October 2012, pp.1226-1235. IV. K.M. Pandey, Member IACSIT and A.P. Singh. K.M.Pandey, Member, IACSIT and S.K.YadavK.M.Pandey and S.K.Yadav, ―CFD Analysis of a Rocket Nozzle with Two Inlets at Mach2.1, Journal of Environmental Research and Development, Vol 5, No 2, 2010, pp- 308-321. V. Shigeru Aso, ArifNur Hakim, Shingo Miyamoto, Kei Inoue and Yasuhiro Tani “ Fundamental examine of supersonic combustion in natural air waft with use of surprise tunnel” Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Kyushu University, Japan , Acta Astronautica 57 (2005) 384 – 389. VI. P. Padmanathan, Dr. S. Vaidyanathan, Computational Analysis of Shockwave in Convergent Divergent Nozzle, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), ISSN: 2248-9622 , Vol. 2, Issue 2,Mar-Apr 2012, pp.1597-1605. VII. Adamson, T.C., Jr., and Nicholls., J.A., “On the shape of jets from Highly below improved Nozzles into Still Air,” Journal of the Aerospace Sciences, Vol.26, No.1, Jan 1959, pp. Sixteen-24. VIII. Lewis, C. H., Jr., and Carlson, D. J., “Normal Shock Location in underneath increased Gas and Gas particle Jets,” AIAA Journal, Vol 2, No.4, April 1964, pp. 776-777. Books IX. Anderson, John D.Jr.; Modern Compressible Flow with Historical Perspective, Third edition, 2012 X. Versteeg. H.; Malalasekra.W.; An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics The Finite Volume Method, Second Edition,2009. XI. H.K.Versteeg and W.Malala Sekhara, “An introduction to Computational fluid Dynamics”, British Library cataloguing pub, 4th version, 1996. XII. Lars Davidson, “An introduction to turbulenceModels”, Department of thermo and fluid dynamics, Chalmers college of era, Goteborg, Sweden, November, 2003. XIII. Karna s. Patel, “CFD analysis of an aerofoil”, International Journal of engineering studies,2009. XIV. K.M. Pandey, Member IACSIT and A.P. Singh “CFD Analysis of Conical Nozzle for Mach 3 at Various Angles of Divergence with Fluent Software,2017. XV. P. Parthiban, M. Robert Sagayadoss, T. Ambikapathi, Design And Analysis Of Rocket Engine Nozzle by way of the usage of CFD and Optimization of Nozzle parameters, International Journal of Engineering Research, Vol.Three., Issue.5., 2015 (Sept.-Oct.). View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF DRIVE SHAFT FOR AN AUTOMOBILE APPLICATIONS Authors: Govindarajulu Eedara,P. N. Manthru Naik, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00055 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: The driveshaft is a mechanical instrument that is used in automobiles. The other name of the drive shaft is driveshaft is prop shaft. It has one long cylindrical structure consist of two universal joints. By using the driveshaft it transfers the rotary motion to the differential by using the helical gearbox. By using this rotary motion the rare wheels will run. The 3dimensional Model of automobile drive Shaft is designed using CATIA parametric which enables product development processes and thereby brings about an optimum design. Now a day’s steel is using the best material for the driveshaft.In this paper replacing the composite materials (Kevlar, e-glass epoxy) instead of steel material and itreduces a considerable amount of weight when compared to the conventional steel shaft. The composite driveshaft have high modulus is designed by using CATIA software and tested in ANSYS for optimization of design or material check and providing the best datebook Keywords: The driveshaft ,CATIA,automobile,steel,composite materials,ANSYS,Kevla,e-glass epoxy, Refference: I A.R. Abu Talib, Aidy Ali, Mohamed A. Badie, Nur Azienda Che Lah, A.F. Golestaneh Developing a hybrid, carbon/glass-fiber-reinforced, epoxy composite automotive driveshaft, Material and Design, volume31, 2010, pp 514 – 521 II ErcanSevkat, Hikmet Tumer, Residual torsional properties of composite shafts subjected to impact Loadings, Materials, and design, volume – 51, 2013, pp -956-967. III H. Bayrakceken, S. Tasgetiren, I. Yavuz two cases of failure in the power transmission system on vehicles: A Universal joint yoke and a drive shaft, volume-14,2007,pp71. IV H.B.H. Gubran, Dynamics of hybrid shafts, Mechanics Research communication, volume – 32, 2005, pp – 368-374. V Shaw D, Simitses DJ, SheinmanI. Imperfection sensitivity of laminated cylindrical shells in torsion and axial compression. ComposStruct 1985; 4(3) pp:35–60. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF AN SI ENGINE USING E10 EQUIVALENT TERNARY GASOLINE- ALCOHOL BLENDS." JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF CONTINUA AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES 15, no. 7 (July 26, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00056.

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