Journal articles: 'Antagonistic Control'

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Lipp, Thomas, and Stephen Boyd. "Antagonistic control." Systems & Control Letters 98 (December 2016): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sysconle.2016.10.002.

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Sumer, Horuz, and Aysan Yesim. "Biological control of watermelon seedling blight caused by Acidovorax citrulli using antagonistic bacteria from the genera Curtobacterium, Microbacterium and Pseudomonas." Plant Protection Science 54, No. 3 (May 15, 2018): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/168/2016-pps.

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The biological control of the watermelon seedling blight and fruit blotch disease was investigated by screening the potential use of antagonistic bacteria. Between May and August 2012, totally 322 putative antagonistic bacteria were isolated from symptomless melon and watermelon plants grown in Adana, Hatay, and Osmaniye provinces of the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. In vitro dual culture tests showed that 54 out of 322 strains inhibited the Acidovorax citrulli (Ac) growth with an appearance of clear zones between 2.3 and 27.0 mm in diameter. However, the remaining 268 strains did not exhibit any antagonistic activity against Ac. Seed treatments with fourteen individual antagonistic bacteria resulted in a significant reduction in disease incidence (DI) and severity (DS) ranging between 14.06–79.47% and between 4.57–41.49%, respectively. The bacteria Pseudomonas oryzihabitans (Antg-12), Microbacterium oxydans (Antg-57), Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens (Antg-198), and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Antg-273) were the most potent antagonistic bacterial isolates which reduced DI and DS as compared to the untreated control. This study suggested the potential of bacterial antagonists Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens, Microbacterium oxydans, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, and Pseudomonas fluorescens for the biocontrol of Ac-induced bacterial fruit blotch (BFB).

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Beasley, D. R., D. C. Joyce, L. M. Coates, and A. H. Wearing. "Saprophytic microorganisms with potential for biological control of Botrytis cinerea on Geraldton waxflower flowers." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 5 (2001): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00112.

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Saprophytic bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi were isolated from Geraldton waxflower flowers and screened to identify potential antagonism towards Botrytis cinerea. Isolates from other sources (e.g. avocado) were also tested. Isolates were initially screened in vitro for inhibition of B. cinerea conidial germination, germ tube elongation and mycelial growth. The most antagonistic bacteria, yeasts and fungi were selected for further testing on detached waxflower flowers. Conidia of the pathogen were mixed with conidia or cells of the selected antagonists, co-inoculated onto waxflower flowers, and the flowers were sealed in glass jars and incubated at 20˚C. The number of days required for the pathogen to cause flower abscission was determined. The most antagonistic bacterial isolate, Pseudomonas sp. 677, significantly reduced conidial germination and retarded germ tube elongation of B. cinerea. None of the yeast or fungal isolates tested was found to significantly reduce conidial germination or retard germ tube elongation, but several significantly inhibited growth of B. cinerea. Fusarium sp., Epicoccum sp. and Trichoderma spp. were the most antagonistic of these isolates. Of the isolates tested on waxflower, Pseudomonas sp. 677 was highly antagonistic towards B. cinerea and delayed waxflower abscission by about 3 days. Trichoderma harzianum also significantly delayed flower abscission. However, as with most of the fungal antagonists used, inoculation of waxflower flowers with this isolate resulted in unsightly mycelial growth.

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Oshima, Toru, Tomohiko Fujikawa, and Minayori Kumamoto. "Coordination Control of Arm Using Antagonistic Actuators." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 14, no. 3 (June 20, 2002): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2002.p0270.

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In a mechanical joint drive used in robot arms, 1 actuator drives each joint. To drive joints in musculoskeletal animal limbs, in which skeletal muscles are used as actuators, a pair of bi-articular muscles drives 2 joints simultaneously in addition to a pair of monoarticular muscles for driving 1 joint. In our study, the mutual coordination of antagonistic mono-articular and antagonistic bi-articular muscles in in the horizontal arm plane were examined using electromyogram, results were analyzed by a mechanical 2-joint link model, and the relationship between the pattern of coordination of antagonistic muscles and output force generated by the arm clarified. A neural network model that generates the pattern of coordination was proposed to clarify the difference between conventional robots and animals in the force control mode for limbs.

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Kolacinski, Richard M., Wei Lin, and Howard Jay Chizeck. "Control of an antagonistic biomimetic actuator system." International Journal of Control 73, no. 9 (January 2000): 804–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207170050029296.

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Hömig-Hölzel, Cornelia, Remco van Doorn, Celia Vogel, Markus Germann, Marco G. Cecchini, Els Verdegaal, and Daniel S. Peeper. "Antagonistic TSC22D1 variants control BRAFE600-induced senescence." EMBO Journal 30, no. 9 (March 29, 2011): 1753–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2011.95.

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Samaneh, Samavat, Asghar Heydari, Hamid Reza Zamanizadeh, Saeed Rezaee, and Ali Alizadeh Aliabadi. "A comparison between Pseudomonas aureofaciens (chlororaphis) and P. fluorescens in biological control of cotton seedling damping-off disease." Journal of Plant Protection Research 54, no. 2 (July 8, 2014): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jppr-2014-0019.

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Abstract Due to the importance of the biological control of plant diseases, testing and introducing new biocontrol-active microorganisms is a major concern among plant pathologists. The causal agent of cotton seedling damping-off disease is Rhizoctonia solani. In this regard, we tried to investigate the antagonistic activities of Pseudomonas aureofaciens (chlororaphis) 30–84 (phenazine producing wild type and non-phenazine producing mutant) strains on R. solani, in comparison with some isolates of P. fluorescent under both in vitro (laboratory) and in vivo (greenhouse) conditions. In the laboratory experiment, the inhibitory effects of all the bacteria, on the growth of R. solani, were evaluated using the dual culture procedure. Results showed that five isolates of P. fluorescent along with both strains of P. aureofaciens significantly inhibited the growth of R. solani. Effective bacterial antagonists were then evaluated in a greenhouse experiment where cotton seeds were coated with their suspensions and were sown in pasteurised field-soil. The soil had been pre-inoculated with a virulent isolate of R. solani. The efficacy of the bacterial antagonists was evaluated by counting the number of surviving seedlings in different treatments, at 15 and 60 days after sowing, for determining pre- and post-emergence damping-off incidence. According to the results of the greenhouse experiment, at both intervals, two isolates of P. fluorescens along with both strains of P. aureofaciens caused significant increases in the number of healthy seedlings, in comparison with the untreated control, and a commonly used fungicide (carboxin-thiram). The efficacy of phenazine producing a wild type strain of P. aureofaciens was higher than its non-phenazine producing mutant, indicating that phenazine plays an important role in the antagonistic activity of P. aureofaciens. Effective bacterial antagonists were then studied for their antagonistic mechanisms. The results showed that all four bacteria employed different mechanisms. The bacteria produced siderophore, and volatile metabolites and non-volatile metabolites, in their antagonistic activities. The results of this study suggest that P. auerofaciens may be a new biocontrol agent for controlling cotton seedling mortality disease.

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Suzuki, Motoya, and Norihiro Kamamichi. "Displacement control of antagonistic type Nylon fiber actuator." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2016 (2016): 2P2–14b7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2016.2p2-14b7.

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Ethier, Christian, Laurent Brizzi, Dominic Giguère, and Charles Capaday. "Corticospinal control of antagonistic muscles in the cat." European Journal of Neuroscience 26, no. 6 (September 14, 2007): 1632–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05778.x.

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Toedtheide, Alexander, Torsten Lilge, and Sami Haddadin. "Antagonistic Impedance Control for Pneumatically Actuated Robot Joints." IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 1, no. 1 (January 2016): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lra.2015.2511663.

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Sierra, Daniel A., Paul McCullough, Nejat Olgac, and Eldridge Adams. "Control of antagonistic swarm dynamics via Lyapunov's method." Asian Journal of Control 14, no. 1 (December 12, 2010): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asjc.291.

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12

HOMMA, Yoshihisa. "Biological Control of Soilborne Diseases by Antagonistic Microorganisms." Kagaku To Seibutsu 29, no. 8 (1991): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.29.503.

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FUJIKAWA, Tomohiko, Toru OSHIMA, Minayori KUMAMOTO, and Nobuyasu YOKOI. "Functional Coordination Control of Pairs of Antagonistic Muscles." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 63, no. 607 (1997): 769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.63.769.

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14

Verma, Mausam, Satinder K. Brar, R. D. Tyagi, R. Y. Surampalli, and J. R. Valéro. "Antagonistic fungi, Trichoderma spp.: Panoply of biological control." Biochemical Engineering Journal 37, no. 1 (October 2007): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2007.05.012.

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15

Kawaguchi, Natsuki, Nozomu Araki, Takao Sato, and Yasuo Konishi. "An Approach for the Antagonistic Control Using the Adaptive Control Allocator." Transactions of the Institute of Systems, Control and Information Engineers 30, no. 10 (2017): 407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5687/iscie.30.407.

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16

Leibinger, Wolfgang, Barbara Breuker, Matthias Hahn, and Kurt Mendgen. "Control of Postharvest Pathogens and Colonization of the Apple Surface by Antagonistic Microorganisms in the Field." Phytopathology® 87, no. 11 (November 1997): 1103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1997.87.11.1103.

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Selected isolates of Aureobasidium pullulans, Rhodotorula glutinis, and Bacillus subtilis reduced the size and number of lesions on wounded apples caused by the postharvest pathogens Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, and Pezicula malicorticis. Combinations of the antagonistic microorganisms were applied to apple trees in the field late in the growing season of two consecutive years. The population dynamics of the introduced microorganisms and the incidence of fruit decay were determined. Population sizes of introduced antagonists on apple surfaces increased in the field following application of treatments until harvest. After transfer of the fruit from the field into cold storage, the populations of the introduced antagonists remained higher than in the control treatments. Identification of the applied isolates of A. pullulans and R. glutinis during the experiments was achieved by isolate-specific DNA probes generated from random amplified polymorphic DNA. A combination of two strains of A. pullulans and one strain of R. glutinis suppressed rotting of apple to the same extent as the commonly used fungicide Euparen. Our data demonstrate that the application of antagonistic microorganisms in the field represents a promising alternative to fungicide treatments to control post-harvest diseases of apple.

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Zhimo, V. Yeka, Antonio Biasi, Ajay Kumar, Oleg Feygenberg, Shoshana Salim, Silvana Vero, Michael Wisniewski, and Samir Droby. "Yeasts and Bacterial Consortia from Kefir Grains Are Effective Biocontrol Agents of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits." Microorganisms 8, no. 3 (March 18, 2020): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8030428.

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Fungal pathogens in fruits and vegetables cause significant losses during handling, transportation, and storage. Biological control with microbial antagonists replacing the use of chemical fungicides is a major approach in postharvest disease control, and several products based on single antagonists have been developed but have limitations related to reduced and inconsistent performance under commercial conditions. One possible approach to enhance the biocontrol efficacy is to broaden the spectrum of the antagonistic action by employing compatible microbial consortia. Here, we explore commercial kefir grains, a natural probiotic microbial consortium, by culture-dependent and metagenomic approaches and observed a rich diversity of co-existing yeasts and bacterial population. We report effective inhibition of the postharvest pathogen Penicillium expansum on apple by using the grains in its fresh commercial and milk-activated forms. We observed few candidate bacteria and yeasts from the kefir grains that grew together over successive enrichment cycles, and these mixed fermentation cultures showed enhanced biocontrol activities as compared to the fresh commercial or milk-activated grains. We also report several individual species of bacteria and yeasts with biocontrol activities against Penicillium rots on apple and grapefruit. These species with antagonistic properties could be further exploited to develop a synthetic consortium to achieve enhanced antagonistic effects against a wide range of postharvest pathogens.

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Tsveov, Mihail, and Dimitar Chakarov. "Controllable Compliance Joint For Human Oriented Robots." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 43, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jtam-2013-0005.

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Abstract In the paper, different approaches for compliance control for human oriented robots are revealed. The approaches based on the non- antagonistic and antagonistic actuation are compared. In addition, an approach is investigated in this work for the compliance and the position control in the joint by means of antagonistic actuation. It is based on the capability of the joint with torsion leaf springs to adjust its stiffness. Models of joint stiffness are presented in this paper with antagonistic and non-antagonistic influence of the spring forces on the joint motion. The stiffness and the position control possibilities are investigated and the opportunity for their decoupling as well. Some results of numerical experiments are presented in the paper too.

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Jovanovic, Kosta, Branko Lukic, and Veljko Potkonjak. "Feedback linearization for decoupled position/stiffness control of bidirectional antagonistic drives." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 31, no. 1 (2018): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1801051j.

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To ensure safe human-robot interaction impedance robot control has arisen as one of the key challenges in robotics. This paper elaborates control of bidirectional antagonistic drives - qbmove maker pro. Due to its mechanical structure, both position and stiffness of bidirectional antagonistic drives could be controlled independently. To that end, we applied feedback linearization. Feedback linearization based approach initially decouples systems in two linear single-input-single-output subsystems: position subsystem and stiffness subsystem. The paper elaborates preconditions for feedback linearization and its implementation. The paper presents simulation results that prove the concept but points out application issues due to the complex mechanical structure of the bidirectional antagonistic drives.

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Faltin, Franziska, Jana Lottmann, Rita Grosch, and Gabriele Berg. "Strategy to select and assess antagonistic bacteria for biological control ofRhizoctonia solaniKühn." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 50, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-063.

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A screening strategy was developed to assess the potential of plant-associated bacteria to control diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. About 434 already characterized antagonistic bacterial strains isolated from diverse plant species and microenvironments were evaluated for biocontrol and plant growth promotion by a hierarchical combination of assays. Analyzing in vitro antagonism towards different Rhizoctonia isolates resulted in a selection of 20 potential biocontrol agents. The strains were characterized by their antagonistic mechanisms in vitro as well as their production of the plant growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid. The plant growth promoting effect by antagonistic bacteria was determined using a microtiter plate assay on the basis of lettuce seedlings. Lettuce and sugar beet as host plant were included in the biocontrol experiments in which the antagonistic effect of 17 bacterial isolates could be confirmed in vivo. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene and (or) fatty acid methyl ester gas chromatography was used to identify the antagonistic isolates. Molecular fingerprints of isolates obtained by BOX – polymerase chain reaction were compared to avoid further investigation with genetically very similar strains and to obtain unique molecular fingerprints for quality control and patent licensing. According to our strategy, an assessment scheme was developed and four interesting biological control agents, Pseudomonas reactans B3, Pseudomonas fluorescens B1, Serratia plymuthica B4, and Serratia odorifera B6, were found. While S. plymuthica B4 was the best candidate to biologically control Rhizoctonia in lettuce, P. reactans B3 was the best candidate to suppress the pathogen in sugar beet.Key words: biocontrol, Rhizoctonia solani, lettuce, sugar beet, antagonistic bacteria.

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Zhang, Xiaokang, Boqiang Li, Zhanquan Zhang, Yong Chen, and Shiping Tian. "Antagonistic Yeasts: A Promising Alternative to Chemical Fungicides for Controlling Postharvest Decay of Fruit." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 3 (August 31, 2020): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6030158.

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Fruit plays an important role in human diet. Whereas, fungal pathogens cause huge losses of fruit during storage and transportation, abuse of chemical fungicides leads to serious environmental pollution and endangers human health. Antagonistic yeasts (also known as biocontrol yeasts) are promising substitutes for chemical fungicides in the control of postharvest decay owing to their widespread distribution, antagonistic ability, environmentally friendly nature, and safety for humans. Over the past few decades, the biocontrol mechanisms of antagonistic yeasts have been extensively studied, such as nutrition and space competition, mycoparasitism, and induction of host resistance. Moreover, combination of antagonistic yeasts with other agents or treatments were developed to improve the biocontrol efficacy. Several antagonistic yeasts are used commercially. In this review, the application of antagonistic yeasts for postharvest decay control is summarized, including the antagonistic yeast species and sources, antagonistic mechanisms, commercial applications, and efficacy improvement. Issues requiring further study are also discussed.

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Chen, Guo Hua. "Screening of Antagonistic Bacterium to Control Konjac Soft Rot." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 4427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.4427.

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Konjac soft rot is a bottleneck limiting konjac yield caused by bacterial strain of Erwinia carotovora var. carotovora. In order to control konjac soft rot, soil samples were collected, and each sample was spread on surface of a plate seeded with E. carotovora var. carotovora in advance. Strains expressing antagonistic activities were selected and then isolated with streak plate method. One bacterial strain (named Z10) was obtained from soil by this method. In field trials, strain Z10 still showed antagonistic effect against the bacterial pathogen.

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Gédouin, Pierre-Antoine, Cédric Join, Emmanuel Delaleau, Jean-Matthieu Bourgeot, Shabnam Arbab Chirani, and Sylvain Calloch. "Model-Free Control of Shape Memory Alloys Antagonistic Actuators." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 41, no. 2 (2008): 4458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20080706-5-kr-1001.00752.

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Park, Jiyeong, Yunhee Seo, and Young Ho Kim. "Biological Control of Meloidogyne hapla Using an Antagonistic Bacterium." Plant Pathology Journal 30, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 288–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/ppj.oa.02.2014.0013.

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Vitiello, Nicola, Tommaso Lenzi, Stefano Marco Maria De Rossi, Stefano Roccella, and Maria Chiara Carrozza. "A sensorless torque control for Antagonistic Driven Compliant Joints." Mechatronics 20, no. 3 (April 2010): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2010.02.001.

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Meng, Deyuan. "Dynamic Distributed Control for Networks With Cooperative–Antagonistic Interactions." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 63, no. 8 (August 2018): 2311–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.2017.2763536.

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27

Lock, Roger. "Antagonistic muscle action—modelling the control of the iris." Journal of Biological Education 26, no. 3 (September 1992): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00219266.1992.9655266.

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Liang, Wenyu, Jiawei Cao, Qinyuan Ren, and Jian-Xin Xu. "Control of Dielectric Elastomer Soft Actuators Using Antagonistic Pairs." IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 24, no. 6 (December 2019): 2862–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2019.2945518.

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Althoefer, Kaspar. "Antagonistic actuation and stiffness control in soft inflatable robots." Nature Reviews Materials 3, no. 6 (April 20, 2018): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41578-018-0004-0.

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Huang, Xianlin, Xu Zhang, and Hongqian Lu. "Forwarding-based dynamic surface control for antagonistic actuated robots." IET Control Theory & Applications 10, no. 15 (October 10, 2016): 1763–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2015.1275.

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Lan, Ning, and Patrick E. Crago. "Optimal control of antagonistic muscle stiffness during voluntary movements." Biological Cybernetics 71, no. 2 (June 1, 1994): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004220050074.

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Someya, Nobutaka. "Biological control of fungal plant diseases using antagonistic bacteria." Journal of General Plant Pathology 74, no. 6 (October 28, 2008): 459–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10327-008-0131-3.

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Lan, Ning, and Patrick E. Crago. "Optimal control of antagonistic muscle stiffness during voluntary movements." Biological Cybernetics 71, no. 2 (June 1994): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00197315.

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Koo, Suk Jin, Jin-Seog Kim, Jung Soo Kim, and Seung Hun Kang. "Antagonistic Interaction of Propanil and Pyribenzoxim on Barnyardgrass Control." Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 67, no. 1 (May 2000): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pest.2000.2476.

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Karunasinghe, Thamodini G., S. S. N. Maharachchikumbura, Rethinasamy Velazhahan, and Abdullah M. Al-Sadi. "Antagonistic Activity of Endophytic and Rhizosphere Fungi Isolated From Sea Purslane (Sesuvium portulacastrum) Against Pythium Damping off of Cucumber." Plant Disease 104, no. 8 (August 2020): 2158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-20-0003-re.

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This study was conducted to investigate the antagonistic activity of endophytic and rhizosphere fungi isolated from a medicinal plant, Sesuvium portulacastrum, against Pythium aphanidermatum, the cause of damping off of cucumber. A total of 40 endophytic and 19 rhizosphere fungi were isolated from S. portulacastrum. Three endophytic isolates and two rhizosphere isolates gave >50% suppression of P. aphanidermatum in the in vitro dual-culture tests. Scanning electron microscopic studies at the inhibition zone showed hyphae wall damage and abnormal mycelial growth of the genus Pythium. Molecular analysis identified the antagonistic endophytes as Aspergillus insulicola (isolate A435), A. insulicola (A419), and Aspergillus melleus (A412) and the rhizosphere antagonists as Aspergillus terreus (A213) and Aspergillus luchuensis (A116). Except for A116, the culture filtrates of the other antagonists significantly increased the electrolyte leakage from Pythium mycelia, whereas ethyl acetate extracts of A435, A412, and A213 showed significant growth suppression. All five antagonists were able to produce varying amounts of cellulase and β-glucanase enzymes. However, A435, A412, and A213 showed significantly higher cellulase activity, whereas A435 and A116 showed the highest β-glucanase activity. Controlled glasshouse growth experiments showed that isolates A435 and A116 resulted in up to 70% control of damping off, whereas isolates A412 and A213 showed 30 to 40% damping-off control. The antagonists A435, A116, and A213 also contributed to increased cucumber shoot length as well as shoot and root dry mass. The synergetic effects of metabolites and hydrolytic enzymes could be the reason for the variation between isolates in the antagonistic activity and cucumber growth promotion. This study reports for the first time A. insulicola, A. melleus, and A. luchuensis as potential biocontrol agents against P. aphanidermatum-induced damping off of cucumber.

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Nayak, Shubhransu. "Potential Bacterial Antagonists from Cowshed Air for the Management of Fusarium Pathogens in Stored Rice." Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 5, no. 5 (2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000178.

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Rice is the principal staple food for more than half population of earth which is infested by many pathogens including Fusarium . Numbers of Fusarium species are responsible for causing pathogenic implications in rice like bakanae, rot, blight, etc. Majority of them produce mycotoxins which are responsible for human and animal toxicity and the cause of cancer disease. Adoption of biological control methods utilizing microbial antagonists might be an eco-friendly option. Bacterial species including Bacillus species have been isolated from various sources for utilisation as biocontrol agents to combat crop pathogens. Cow dung and the cow shed air have been a good source of such antagonistic bacteria. Hence, in the current study eighteen bacteria (BC1 to BC18) including Bacillus species have been isolated from cow shed air and paddy seeds stored in cowshed of Odisha, India. Bacteria isolated from domestic cowshed showed excellent inhibitory capacity than those of commercial cowshed against pathogenic Fusarium F90 and pathogenic as well as fumonisin producing Fusarium F55. Non-fumonisin producer Fusarium F90 was inhibited relatively with higher degree by all the antagonistic bacteria even it was completely suppressed by BC6 after three days of interaction. Paddy seeds stored in cowshed were found to be saturated with cowshed antagonistic bacteria. These bacterial antagonists hold potential to be utilized as Biological Control Agents (BCA) for safeguarding rice production. Investigation on more number of bacterial species from more cowsheds will definitely give more insights in the pattern and mode of inhibition.

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Bapat, Sangita, and A. K. Shah. "Biological control of fusarial wilt of pigeon pea by Bacillus brevis." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-109.

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A virulent strain of pigeon pea wilt pathogen was isolated from wilted pigeon pea plants and was identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. udum. Many bacterial cultures showing antagonism to the pathogen were isolated from various ecological niches. When tested under pot and field conditions, development of fusarial wilt symptoms was prevented in pigeon pea seeds treated with one such antagonist, Bacillus brevis. A formulation of B. brevis with vermiculite as a carrier had a shelf life of at least 6 months. Bacillus brevis produced an extracellular antagonistic substance which induced swelling of the pathogen's hyphal tips, and cells were bulbous and swollen with shrunken and granulated cytoplasm. The antagonistic substance also inhibited germination of conidia, and was fungicidal to the vegetative mycelia of the pathogen. Comparison of the properties of our antagonistic substance with that of known antibiotics produced by B. brevis suggests that our antagonistic substance is a novel compound. The observations reported here indicate that this strain of B. brevis may have potential as a biocontrol agent against fusarial wilt in pigeon pea. Key words: antibiosis, Bacillus brevis, biological control, fusarial wilt, pigeon pea.

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Sarker, AM, N. Sultana, MR Islam, M. Rashid, and ZR Bhuian. "Efficacy of Some Rhizosphere Microorganisms in Controlling Fusarium Wilt of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)." Agriculturists 11, no. 2 (January 1, 2014): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i2.17494.

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An experiment was conducted at the Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Net House of Plant Pathology Department, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during July 2011 to June 2012 to investigate the efficacy of some antagonistic rhizosphere microorganisms against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causing Fusarium wilt of tomato. Probable 20 antagonistic bacterial isolates and one antagonistic fungal isolate (Trichoderma harzianum) from rhizosphere soil were screened out against F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Out of 20 bacterial isolates, only four (Iso-1, Iso-2, Iso-3 and Iso-4) were found effective in dual culture method. Out of all antagonists, Trichoderma harzianum produced the highest inhibition zone (75.75 %), while the lowest inhibition zone (28.39 %) was produced by Iso- 2. In blotter method, the highest prevalence of Fusarium oxysporum was observed in control (11.25%), while the lowest was in Iso-1 (0.58%) treated seeds. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i2.17494 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(2) 96-103

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Limtong, Savitree, Parichat Into, and Panchapond Attarat. "Biocontrol of Rice Seedling Rot Disease Caused by Curvularia lunata and Helminthosporium oryzae by Epiphytic Yeasts from Plant Leaves." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050647.

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Seedling rot disease in rice leads to significant loss in the production of seedlings. This research was conducted to explore yeasts that could be used as biological control agents against rice seedling rot disease caused by Curvularia lunata and Helminthosporium oryzae. In total, 167 epiphytic yeast strains were evaluated, revealing that 13 of these yeast strains demonstrated antagonistic activities against fungal pathogens and either C. lunata DOAC 2313 or H. oryzae DOAC 2293. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and biofilm produced were possible antagonistic mechanisms in vitro for all the antagonistic yeast strains. Using nursery trays in a greenhouse, this study evaluated the control of rice seedling rot disease caused by these two fungal pathogens using antagonistic yeasts, identified in the present study and from our previous study. Torulaspora indica DMKU-RP31 and Wickerhamomyces anomalus YE-42 were found to completely control rice seedling rot disease caused by both of these fungal pathogens. Furthermore, W. anomalus DMKU-RP04 revealed 100% disease control when the disease was caused by H. oryzae. This is the first report on using antagonistic yeasts to control rice seedling rot disease caused by C. lunata and H. oryzae. These three antagonistic yeasts also showed promising potential for development as biocontrol agents against rice seedling rot disease caused by fungi.

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Diyanatur Rosiyah, Naziha, Ayu Wike Widiasari, Achmad Roekhan, and Restu Rizkyta Kusuma. "Consortia of Indigenous Rhizobacteria to Control Bacterial Wilt in Ginger." Research Journal of Life Science 7, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.rjls.2020.007.01.8.

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Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a type of rhizome plant that has high potential to be developed in Indonesia as a medicinal plant or spice. Inhibiting factors in ginger production is Ralstonia solanacearum which causes bacterial wilt disease. Rhizobacteria is a potential biological agent to control the disease. It is necessary to review from various study on rhizobacteria both the use of antagonistic bacteria singly or in a consortia. Aimed to analyze various sources of scientific literature regarding the potential of antagonistic bacteria singly or consortia compared to synthetic bactericides in controlling of R. solanacearum. The results showed that three recommended antagonist bacteria were found, namely Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus thuringiensis. which has the potential to control bacterial wilt disease. The rhizobacterial consortia are more effective as a sustainable, safe and environmentally friendly control on bacterial wilt disease with a percentage of disease incidence 10%. In addition, the rhizobacterial consortia are three and six times more effective than the single antagonistic bacteria and bactericides respectively.

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Nalewaja, John D., and Robert Matysiak. "Salt Antagonism of Glyphosate." Weed Science 39, no. 4 (December 1991): 622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500088470.

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Glyphosate is often applied with diammonium sulfate to increase weed control. However, many other salts in the spray carrier have antagonized glyphosate phytotoxicity. Research was conducted with wheat as a bioassay species to further determine the influence of various salts on glyphosate phytotoxicity. Cation antagonism of glyphosate occurred with iron > zinc > calcium ≥ magnesium > sodium > potassium. Ammonium cation with hydroxide or most other anions was not antagonistic. Anions of ammonium compounds were of primary importance in overcoming glyphosate antagonistic salts, while the ammonium cation was neutral or slightly stimulatory with certain anions. Sulfate, phosphate, citrate, and acetate anions were not antagonistic, but nitrate and chloride anions were slightly antagonistic when applied as ammonium salts or acids. Antagonism of glyphosate action by sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride was overcome by phosphoric, sulfuric, and citric acid and phosphate, sulfate, and citrate ammonium salts. Acid and ammonium salts of nitrate and chloride were more effective in overcoming sodium bicarbonate than calcium chloride antagonists of glyphosate. Ferric sulfate antagonism was overcome only by citric, partly by phosphoric and sulfuric but not by nitric and hydrochloric acids or their ammonium salts. Acetic acid, ammonium acetate, and ammonium hydroxide did not overcome any salt antagonism of glyphosate. Glyphosate response to salts was independent of spray carrier pH.

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Krechel, Annette, Annekathrin Faupel, Johannes Hallmann, Andreas Ulrich, and Gabriele Berg. "Potato-associated bacteria and their antagonistic potential towards plant-pathogenic fungi and the plant-parasitic nematodeMeloidogyne incognita(Kofoid & White) Chitwood." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 48, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 772–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w02-071.

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To study the effect of microenvironments on potato-associated bacteria, the abundance and diversity of bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere, phyllosphere, endorhiza, and endosphere of field grown potato was analyzed. Culturable bacteria were obtained after plating on R2A medium. The endophytic populations averaged 103and 105CFU/g (fresh wt.) for the endosphere and endorhiza, respectively, which were lower than those for the ectophytic microenvironments, with 105and 107CFU/g (fresh wt.) for the phyllosphere and rhizosphere, respectively. The composition and richness of bacterial species was microenvironment-dependent. The occurrence and diversity of potato-associated bacteria was additionally monitored by a cultivation-independent approach using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rDNA. The patterns obtained revealed a high heterogeneity of community composition and suggested the existence of microenvironment-specific communities. In an approach to measure the antagonistic potential of potato-associated bacteria, a total of 440 bacteria was screened by dual testing for in vitro antagonism towards the soilborne pathogens Verticillium dahliae and Rhizoctonia solani. The proportion of isolates with antagonistic activity was highest for the rhizosphere (10%), followed by the endorhiza (9%), phyllosphere (6%), and endosphere (5%). All 33 fungal antagonists were characterized by testing their in vitro antagonistic mechanisms, including their glucanolytic, chitinolytic, pectinolytic, cellulolytic, and proteolytic activity, and by their BOX-PCR fingerprints. In addition, they were screened for their biocontrol activity against Meloidogyne incognita. Overall, nine isolates belonging to Pseudomonas and Streptomyces species were found to control both fungal pathogens and M. incognita and were therefore considered as promising biological control agents. Key words: biocontrol, antagonistic potential, plant-associated bacteria.

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Maknunah, Jauharoh, and Meity Suradji Sinaga. "Eksplorasi dan Karakterisasi Khamir dan Bakteri sebagai Agens Antagonis terhadap Penyebab Penyakit Blas pada Padi." Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 14, no. 3 (October 11, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14692/jfi.14.3.83.

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Exploration of Yeasts and Bacteria as Antagonist Agent of Rice Blast PathogenBlast disease (Pyricularia oryzae) is a major disease of rice that causes 61% yield losses. An alternative way to control the disease is applying antagonistic agents, both yeasts and bacteria. This study was aimed to obtain yeast and bacterial isolates that can be used as antagonistic agents to effectively control blast disease. Yeasts and bacteria were isolated from the leaves of Digitaria sp., Panicum sp., and Pennisetum sp.. The isolates of yeasts and bacteria were screened following hypersensitive test on tobacco leaves, direct planting method test on ‘Ciherang’ rice seed, and hemolysis test on blood agar medium. The isolates were also further assayed for their antagonism through dual culture test, volatile compound test, hyperparasitism test, and chitinolytic activity test. Three isolates of yeast, i.e. Cryptococcus sp., Rhodotorula sp., and Candida sp., and two bacterial isolates, i.e. Bacillus sp. and isolate PPY were identified as potential antagonists of P. oryzae.

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Zhang, Ming, Pengfei Ma, Feng Sun, Xingwei Sun, Fangchao Xu, Junjie Jin, and Lijin Fang. "Dynamic Modeling and Control of Antagonistic Variable Stiffness Joint Actuator." Actuators 10, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10060116.

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This study aims to develop a novel decoupling method for the independent control of the position and stiffness of a variable stiffness joint actuator (VSJA), which has been proven to be able to vary its stiffness in a larger range than other variable stiffness actuators. Using static analysis and the Jacobian matrix, we obtained the model of the stiffness of the robot joint actuator and dynamics. Based on the hybrid dynamic model of position and stiffness, it is possible to compensate for the torque of the variable stiffness joint actuator (VSJA) to enhance position control. Finally, after describing the actuator prototype, the established compliance control method is verified using simulation and experimental analysis.

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Guo, Jishu, and Guohui Tian. "Mechanical design and robust tracking control of a class of antagonistic variable stiffness actuators based on the equivalent nonlinear torsion springs." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 232, no. 10 (June 22, 2018): 1337–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651818781272.

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The novel conceptual model of the antagonistic variable stiffness actuator based on the equivalent nonlinear torsion spring and the friction damper is demonstrated. For the dynamic model of the antagonistic variable stiffness actuator in the presence of parametric uncertainties, unknown bounded friction torques, unknown bounded external disturbance, and input saturation constraints, using the coordinate transformation, the state space model of the antagonistic variable stiffness actuator with composite disturbances and input saturation constraints is transformed into an extended integral chain–type pseudo-linear system with input saturation constraints. Subsequently, a combination of the linear extended state observer, sliding mode control, and adaptive input saturation compensation law is adopted for the design of the robust tracking controller that simultaneously regulates the position and stiffness of the antagonistic equivalent nonlinear torsion spring-based variable stiffness actuator. Under the proposed controller, the semi-global uniformly ultimately bounded stability of the closed-loop system has been proved via Lyapunov stability analysis. Simulation studies demonstrate the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed robust adaptive tracking control method for the antagonistic variable stiffness actuator.

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Otto-Hanson, L. K., Z. Grabau, C. Rosen, C. E. Salomon, and L. L. Kinkel. "Pathogen Variation and Urea Influence Selection and Success of Streptomyces Mixtures in Biological Control." Phytopathology® 103, no. 1 (January 2013): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-06-12-0129-r.

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Success in biological control of plant diseases remains inconsistent in the field. A collection of well-characterized Streptomyces antagonists (n = 19 isolates) was tested for their capacities to inhibit pathogenic Streptomyces scabies (n = 15 isolates). There was significant variation among antagonists in ability to inhibit pathogen isolates and among pathogens in their susceptibility to inhibition. Only one antagonist could inhibit all pathogens, and antagonist–pathogen interactions were highly specific, highlighting the limitations of single-strain inoculum in biological control. However, the collection of pathogens could be inhibited by several combinations of antagonists, suggesting the potential for successful antagonist mixtures. Urea generally increased effectiveness of antagonists at inhibiting pathogens in vitro (increased mean inhibition zones) but its specific effects varied among antagonist–pathogen combinations. In greenhouse trials, urea enhanced the effectiveness of antagonist mixtures relative to individual antagonists in controlling potato scab. Although antagonist mixtures were frequently antagonistic in the absence of urea, all n= 2 and n = 3 antagonist–isolate combinations were synergistic in the presence of urea. This work provides insights into the efficacy of single- versus multiple-strain inocula in biological control and on the potential for nutrients to influence mixture success.

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Nguyen, Thang Tien, Holly Warner, Hung La, Hanieh Mohammadi, Dan Simon, and Hanz Richter. "State Estimation For An Agonistic‐Antagonistic Muscle System." Asian Journal of Control 21, no. 1 (October 24, 2018): 354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asjc.1916.

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Konsue, Wilasinee, Tida Dethoup, and Savitree Limtong. "Biological Control of Fruit Rot and Anthracnose of Postharvest Mango by Antagonistic Yeasts from Economic Crops Leaves." Microorganisms 8, no. 3 (February 25, 2020): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8030317.

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To select antagonistic yeasts for the control of fruit rot caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae and anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in postharvest mango fruit, 307 yeast strains isolated from plant leaves were evaluated for their antagonistic activities against these two fungal pathogens in vitro. Torulaspora indica DMKU-RP31, T. indica DMKU-RP35 and Pseudozyma hubeiensis YE-21 were found to inhibit the growth of L. theobromae whereas only Papiliotrema aspenensis DMKU-SP67 inhibited the growth of C. gloeosporioides. Antagonistic mechanisms of these four antagonistic yeasts in vitro consisted of the production of antifungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs), biofilm formation and siderophore production. T. indica DMKU-RP35 was the most effective strain in controlling fruit rot on postharvest mango fruits. Its action was comparable to that of the fungicide, benomyl, reducing the disease severity by 82.4%, whereas benomyl revealed 87.5% reduction. P. aspenensis DMKU-SP67 reduced anthracnose severity by 94.1%, which was comparable to that of using benomyl (93.9%). The antifungal VOCs produced by these yeast strains also reduced the severity of these diseases on postharvest mango fruits but at lower rates than using yeast cells. Therefore, these antagonistic yeasts have the potential for use as biological control agents for the control of fruit rot and anthracnose diseases.

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Huebert, C., A. Wensing, W. Jelkmann, H. Junge, and K. Dietel. "DEVELOPMENT OF ANTAGONISTIC BACTERIA FOR FIELD CONTROL OF FIRE BLIGHT." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1056 (October 2014): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2014.1056.14.

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Cabañas, Catalina M., Alejandro Hernández, Ana Martínez, Paula Tejero, María Vázquez-Hernández, Alberto Martín, and Santiago Ruiz-Moyano. "Control of Penicillium glabrum by Indigenous Antagonistic Yeast from Vineyards." Foods 9, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 1864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121864.

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Biocontrol is one of the most promising alternatives to synthetic fungicides for food preservation. Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, and Aspergillus section Nigri are the most concerning pathogens for grape development. However, frequently, other species, such as Penicillium glabrum in this study, are predominant in spoiled bunches. In this work, 54 native yeasts from vineyards were screened by direct confrontation in potato dextrose agar plates as antagonists against P. glabrum. Isolates of Pichia terricola, Aureobasidium pullulans, and Zygoascus meyerae were selected for their antagonist activity in vitro, plus isolates of Pichia kudriavzevii, Hormonema viticola, and Hanseniaspora uvarum were used as negative controls. However, in vivo, confrontations in wounded grapes showed disagreement with direct confrontation in vitro. P. terricola, P. kudriavzevii, H. viticola, Z. meyerae, and H. uvarum significantly reduced the incidence of P. glabrum on grapes. Nevertheless, P. terricola, H. viticola, and H. uvarum themselves spoiled the wounded grapes. Inhibitions were associated with different mechanisms such as the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), lytic enzymes, biofilm formation, and competition for nutrients. The isolates of P. kudriavzevii L18 (a producer of antifungal VOCs which completely inhibited the incidence of P. glabrum) and Z. meyerae L29 (with pectinase, chitinase and β-glucanase activity and biofilm formation which reduced 70% of the incidence of P. glabrum) are proposed as suitable biocontrol agents against P. glabrum.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Antagonistic Control'

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