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Journal articles on the topic 'Antarctica'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Leary, David. "Blue Ice, Meteorites, Fossil Penguins and Rare Minerals: The Case for Enhanced Protection of Antarctica’s Unique Geoheritage – An International Legal Analysis." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 12, no. 1 (2021): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116427_012010004.

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Its isolation and extreme climate means Antarctica is one of the world’s richest regions for untouched geoheritage. The potential of mining in Antarctica is often talked of in public discourse as a future threat to Antarctica even though the prohibition on mining is absolute and is likely to stay so indefinitely. As such mining does not pose a realistic threat to Antarctica’s geoheritage. The impacts of scientific research and tourism pose more pressing challenges to Antarctica’s geoheritage. This paper considers emerging debates in the Antarctic Treaty System on the need for further protectio

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BAYLY, I. A. E., J. A. E. GIBSON, B. WAGNER, and K. M. SWADLING. "Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of two East Antarctic freshwater calanoid copepod species: Boeckella poppei and Gladioferens antarcticus." Antarctic Science 15, no. 4 (2003): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102003001548.

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New populations of the two species of calanoid copepods known to inhabit freshwater lakes in East Antarctica, Boeckella poppei (Mrázek, 1901) and Gladioferens antarcticus Bayly, 1994, have recently been discovered. The morphology of the populations of B. poppei showed significant differences, notably a reduction in the armature of the male fifth leg, when compared with typical specimens from the Antarctic Peninsula and South America. Gladioferens antarcticus had previously been recorded from a single lake in the Bunger Hills, but has now been recorded from three further lakes in this region. A

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Ondřej, Jan. "Ochrana životního prostředí Antarktidy." AUC IURIDICA 48, no. 2 (2025): 27–59. https://doi.org/10.14712/23366478.2025.157.

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Antarctica is the continent around the south pole. Antarctica plays an important role in the conservation of the climatic balance of the Earth. The Antarctic system – land, ocean, atmosphere is the natural refrigerant of the Earth’s temperature system. Antarctica is the unique laboratory for studying global processes. It provides information about greenhouse gas concentration and atmospheric temperatures of hundreds and thousands of years ago. The human activity in Antarctica is currently limited for scientific research, fishing, tourism and sea and air traffic. The development of all human ac

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4

Smith, R. I. Lewis, and Sally Poncet. "New southernmost record for Antarctic flowering plants." Polar Record 22, no. 139 (1985): 425–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400005672.

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Smith (1982) reported the discovery in 1981 of Antarctic hair grass Deschampsia antarctica Desv. on the largest of the Refuge Islands (68° 21' S) in Marguerite Bay, off the south-west coast of Antarctic Peninsula (Figure 1). This, was at the time the southernmost record of one of Antarctica's two native flowering plants. The only ecologically suitable area for vascular plants south of these islands appeared to be the Terra Firma Islands, 40 km along the coast, which Smith had been unable to reach due to dense pack ice. Earlier reports of grass and grass-like plants on the Terra Firma Islands c

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Beck, Peter J. "The 1991 UN session: the environmental protocol fails to satisfy the Antarctic Treaty System's critics." Polar Record 28, no. 167 (1992): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400028047.

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ABSTRACT1991 saw the ninth successive United Nations (UN) discussion on the ‘Question of Antarctica.’ The adoption of two more resolutions critical of the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), including South African participation therein, reaffirmed the unchanging nature of the UN episode and the lack of consensus on the management of Antarctica. Key developments affecting Antarctica continue to occur away from New York: during 1990—91 the negotiations conducted at Vifia del Mar and Madrid for the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (PREP) and the measures agreed at the Bonn

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Sollman, Philip. "The genus Bryoerythrophyllum (Musci, Pottiaceae) in Antarctica." Polish Botanical Journal 60, no. 1 (2015): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pbj-2015-0004.

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Abstract Antarctic material of the genus Bryoerythrophyllum P. C. Chen was studied from all specimens present in KRAM. Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum (Hedw.) P. C. Chen var. antarcticum L. I. Savicz & Smirnova is treated as a distinct species: B. antarcticum (L. I. Savicz & Smirnova) P. Sollman, stat. nov. Three species are now known in the Antarctic region: B. antarcticum, B. recurvirostrum and B. rubrum (Jur. ex Geh.) P. C. Chen. Bryoerythrophyllum rubrum is reported for the first time from the Antarctic. It is a bipolar species. A key to the taxa is given. These species are descr

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Cesari, Michele, Sandra J. McInnes, Roberto Bertolani, Lorena Rebecchi, and Roberto Guidetti. "Genetic diversity and biogeography of the south polar water bear Acutuncus antarcticus (Eutardigrada : Hypsibiidae) – evidence that it is a truly pan-Antarctic species." Invertebrate Systematics 30, no. 6 (2016): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is15045.

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Antarctica is an ice-dominated continent and all its terrestrial and freshwater habitats are fragmented, which leads to genetic divergence and, eventually, speciation. Acutuncus antarcticus is the most common Antarctic tardigrade and its cryptobiotic capabilities, small size and parthenogenetic reproduction present a high potential for dispersal and colonisation. Morphological (light and electron microscopy, karyology) and molecular (18S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes) analyses on seven populations of A. antarcticus elucidated the genetic diversity and distribution of this

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Velasco-Castrillón, Alejandro, Sandra J. McInnes, Mark B. Schultz, et al. "Mitochondrial DNA analyses reveal widespread tardigrade diversity in Antarctica." Invertebrate Systematics 29, no. 6 (2015): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is14019.

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Antarctica contains some of the most challenging environmental conditions on the planet due to freezing temperatures, prolonged winters and lack of liquid water. Whereas 99.7% of Antarctica is permanently covered by ice and snow, some coastal areas and mountain ridges have remained ice-free and are able to sustain populations of microinvertebrates. Tardigrades are one of the more dominant groups of microfauna in soil and limno-terrestrial habitats, but little is known of their diversity and distribution across Antarctica. Here, we examine tardigrades sampled from across an extensive region of

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Thomson, M. R. A., and Alan P. M. Vaughan. "The role of Antarctica in the development of plate tectonic theories: from Scott to the present." Archives of Natural History 32, no. 2 (2005): 362–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2005.32.2.362.

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One hundred years of geological research in and around Antarctica since Scott's Discovery expedition of 1901–1904 have seen the continent move from a great unknown at the margins of human knowledge to centre stage in the development of plate tectonics, continental break-up and global climate evolution. Research in Antarctica has helped make the Gondwana supercontinent a scientific fact. Discoveries offshore have provided some of the key evidence for plate tectonics and extended the evidence of global glaciation back over 30 million years. Studies of Antarctica's tectonic evolution have helped

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Chaturvedi, Sanjay. "India and the Antarctic Treaty System: Realities and Prospects." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 42, no. 4 (1986): 351–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492848604200401.

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India feels proud of its scientific as well as diplomatic achievements in regard to the Antarctica — the most forbidding terrain on ourterra firma, a significant ‘natural laboratory’ as well as an object of innovative political experiment in international control and cooperation. With as many as five successful expeditions to this multi-faceted and multi-dimensional continent, a permanently manned scientific stationDakshin Gangotri and a coveted and enviable “consultative status” in the Antarctic Treaty System, India's presence on Antarctica is well established. The Indian entry into the eliti

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Strange, Carolyn. "Griffith Taylor's Antarctica: science, sentiment, and politics." Polar Record 46, no. 1 (2009): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247409008420.

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ABSTRACTGriffith Taylor (1880–1963) was a scientific member of the Terra Nova expedition. Although he published initially on his geomorphological, glaciological and meteorological research, conducted between 1910 and 1912, he was also a teacher, lecturer, publicist and later political commentator on Antarctica. Initially a loyal ‘Britisher’ he developed an internationalist perspective on Antarctica without compromising his self-promotional ambitions. Through his professional career in Australia, the US and Canada over the early to mid twentieth century Antarctica's shifting scientific, cultura

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Stenni, Barbara, Mark A. J. Curran, Nerilie J. Abram, et al. "Antarctic climate variability on regional and continental scales over the last 2000 years." Climate of the Past 13, no. 11 (2017): 1609–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1609-2017.

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Abstract. Climate trends in the Antarctic region remain poorly characterized, owing to the brevity and scarcity of direct climate observations and the large magnitude of interannual to decadal-scale climate variability. Here, within the framework of the PAGES Antarctica2k working group, we build an enlarged database of ice core water stable isotope records from Antarctica, consisting of 112 records. We produce both unweighted and weighted isotopic (δ18O) composites and temperature reconstructions since 0 CE, binned at 5- and 10-year resolution, for seven climatically distinct regions covering

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Smykla, Jerzy, Nataliia Iakovenko, Miloslav Devetter, and Łukasz Kaczmarek. "Diversity and distribution of tardigrades in soils of Edmonson Point (Northern Victoria Land, continental Antarctica)." Czech Polar Reports 2, no. 2 (2012): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2012-2-6.

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This work contributes to the knowledge on distribution, diversity and ecology of the Antarctic soil biota. Different soil habitats from several ice-free coastal sites were sampled along the Victoria Land across 7° of latitude from 71° to 78°S during five austral summer seasons between 2003/04 and 2011/12. In this paper we report preliminary data on soil tardigrades (water bears) from Edmondson Point, Northern Victoria Land. Tardigrades were found to be present in 23 of the 41 examined soil samples (56%). Their presence was associated exclusively with soil samples collected from bryophytes comm

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Levy, Hila, Steven R. Fiddaman, Anni Djurhuus, et al. "Identification of Circovirus Genome in a Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus) and Adélie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) on the Antarctic Peninsula." Viruses 12, no. 8 (2020): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12080858.

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Circoviruses infect a variety of animal species and have small (~1.8–2.2 kb) circular single-stranded DNA genomes. Recently a penguin circovirus (PenCV) was identified associated with an Adélie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) with feather disorder and in the cloacal swabs of three asymptomatic Adélie Penguins at Cape Crozier, Antarctica. A total of 75 cloacal swab samples obtained from adults and chicks of three species of penguin (genus: Pygoscelis) from seven Antarctic breeding colonies (South Shetland Islands and Western Antarctic Peninsula) in the 2015−2016 breeding season were screened for P

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Wendt, Anke S., Alan P. M. Vaughan, and Adrian J. Boyce. "Precipitation trapped in datable rock-forming minerals: estimating Antarctic palaeoelevations - a discussion." Antarctic Science 18, no. 1 (2006): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102006000125.

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Meteoric water that interacted with minerals during retrogressive metamorphism and hydrothermalism in the late-stage of mountain building processes contains hydrogen and oxygen isotopes that are potential proxies for palaeoelevation reconstruction in Antarctica. The effects of temperature on meteoric isotopic signatures, meteoric crustal infiltration processes, and the mechanisms of capture and preservation of meteoric δD and δ18O values in rock-forming minerals are discussed. Special emphasis is given to Antarctica’s geographical high-latitude position and climatic fluctuations over time and

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Sirenko, B. I. "First finding of a widely distributed Antarctic chiton species (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) in the North Pacific." Ruthenica, Russian Malacological Journal 29, no. 1 (2019): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/ruthenica.2019.29(1).3.

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For the first time, the widely spread Antarctic species Leptochiton antarcticus was found at the Emperor Seamounts in the North Pacific Ocean. In spite of a large distance between the Emperor Seamounts and Antarctica, the found specimen have very similar shell, girdle, radula and gill features to the type material. I propose that L. antarcticus spread to the North Pacific from the Antarctic via a deep-water current near the ocean floor, and perhaps it inhabits the slopes of islands and continents from the South Ocean to the Emperor Seamounts.

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Hirose, Yuu, Takuhei Shiozaki, Masahiro Otani, et al. "Investigating Algal Communities in Lacustrine and Hydro-Terrestrial Environments of East Antarctica Using Deep Amplicon Sequencing." Microorganisms 8, no. 4 (2020): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040497.

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Antarctica has one of the most extreme environments on Earth, with low temperatures and low nutrient levels. Antarctica’s organisms live primarily in the coastal, ice-free areas which cover approximately 0.18% of the continent’s surface. Members of Cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae are important primary producers in Antarctica since they can synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water using solar energy. However, community structures of photosynthetic algae in Antarctica have not yet been fully explored at molecular level. In this study, we collected diverse algal samples in la

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18

Richter, Martha, and M. R. A. Thomson. "First Aspidorhynchidae (Pisces: Teleostei) from Antarctica." Antarctic Science 1, no. 1 (1989): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102089000106.

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A new fossil teleost, belonging to the family Aspidorhynchidae Nicholson & Lydekker, Aspidorhynchus antarcticus sp. nov., was obtained from a block of reworked Upper Jurassic tuffaceous mudstone in the lower (Albian) part of the mid-Cretaceous Whisky Bay Formation of James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Additional material, assignable to Aspidorhynchus sp., was collected from in situ Upper Jurassic marine rocks (Nordenskjöld Formation) at Longing Gap, northern Antarctic Peninsula. Not only is this the first reported occurrence of the family from Antarctica, it is also the first unequivo

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Soares, Fernanda Codevilla, and Andrés Zarankin. "Sensing Antarctica." Revista Arqueologia Pública 14, no. 1 (2020): 182–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rap.v14i1.8660182.

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Full of superlatives, the Antarctic continent has been represented as the most desert, coldest and wildest location of all places on earth; an apt location for archeology, a discipline often associated with adventure. To reflect on these considerations and critique the traditional ways of presenting Archaeology and Antarctica in science, LEACH-UFMG has proposed an alternative mediation that encourages communication with both. Using exhibits, plays, comic books, sticker albums, among others, the idea is to use the elements that normally make Antarctica and Archaeology interesting for people wit

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Pfeifer, Christian, Marie-Charlott Rümmler, and Osama Mustafa. "Assessing colonies of Antarctic shags by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) at South Shetland Islands, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 33, no. 2 (2021): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102020000644.

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AbstractDue to the remote location of colonies of Antarctic shags (Phalacrocorax (atriceps) bransfieldensis) in Antarctica, there is only sparse data on the abundance of this species. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) survey for known and unknown Antarctic shag colonies along the coasts of Nelson Island and western King George Island, Antarctica, was conducted in December 2016. Four colonies, one of them previously unknown, were detected. For the first time since the 1980s, the total population size of the colonies in that area was determined. A comparison with previous estimates revealed evide

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Dethloff, Klaus, Ksenia Glushak, Annette Rinke, and Dörthe Handorf. "Antarctic 20th Century Accumulation Changes Based on Regional Climate Model Simulations." Advances in Meteorology 2010 (2010): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/327172.

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The regional climate model HIRHAM has been applied to Antarctica driven at the lateral and lower boundaries by European Reanalysis data ERA-40 for the period 1958–1998. Simulations over 4 decades, carried out with a horizontal resolution of 50 km, deliver a realistic simulation of the Antarctic atmospheric circulation, synoptic-scale pressure systems, and the spatial distribution of precipitation minus sublimation (P-E) structures. The simulated P-E pattern is in qualitative agreement with glaciological estimates. The estimated (P-E) trends demonstrate surfacemass accumulation increase at the

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Xie, Aihong, Jiangping Zhu, Xiang Qin, and Shimeng Wang. "The Antarctic Amplification Based on MODIS Land Surface Temperature and ERA5." Remote Sensing 15, no. 14 (2023): 3540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15143540.

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With global warming accelerating, polar amplification is one of the hot issues in climate research. However, most studies focus on Arctic amplification, and little attention has been paid to Antarctic amplification (AnA), and there is no relevant research based on MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) land surface temperature observations. Compared with 128 stations’ observations, MODIS can capture the variations in temperature over Antarctica. In addition, the temperature changes in Antarctica, East Antarctica, West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula during the period 2001

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Jun, Sang-Yoon, Joo-Hong Kim, Jung Choi, Seong-Joong Kim, Baek-Min Kim, and Soon-Il An. "The internal origin of the west-east asymmetry of Antarctic climate change." Science Advances 6, no. 24 (2020): eaaz1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz1490.

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Recent Antarctic surface climate change has been characterized by greater warming trends in West Antarctica than in East Antarctica. Although this asymmetric feature is well recognized, its origin remains poorly understood. Here, by analyzing observation data and multimodel results, we show that a west-east asymmetric internal mode amplified in austral winter originates from the harmony of the atmosphere-ocean coupled feedback off West Antarctica and the Antarctic terrain. The warmer ocean temperature over the West Antarctic sector has positive feedback, with an anomalous upper-tropospheric an

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Ahn, In-Young, Francyne Elias-Piera, Sun-Yong Ha, Sergio Rossi, and Dong-U. Kim. "Seasonal Dietary Shifts of the Gammarid Amphipod Gondogeneia antarctica in a Rapidly Warming Fjord of the West Antarctic Peninsula." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 12 (2021): 1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121447.

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The amphipod Gondogeneia antarctica is among the most abundant benthic organisms, and a key food web species along the rapidly warming West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). However, little is known about its trophic strategy for dealing with the extreme seasonality of Antarctic marine primary production. This study, using trophic markers, for the first time investigated seasonal dietary shifts of G. antarctica in a WAP fjord. We analyzed δ13C and δ15N in G. antarctica and its potential food sources. The isotopic signatures revealed a substantial contribution of red algae to the amphipod diet and als

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Enzenbacher, Debra J. "Tourists in Antarctica: numbers and trends." Polar Record 28, no. 164 (1992): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400020210.

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AbstractApproximately 39 000 tourists have visited Antarctica since 1957; numbers peryearare provided. Abrief history of sea and airborne tourism in Antarctica reveals past and current trends. The formation of the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators and its role in the self-regulated tourism industry in Antarctica are considered, together with the implications of recently-promulgated Antarctic Treaty Recommendation XVI-13. The number of tourists visiting Antarctica is shown to exceed the combined number of scientists and support personnel from all National Antarctic Programs

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KITAURA, Marcos J., Mayara C. SCUR, Adriano A. SPIELMANN, and Aline P. LORENZ-LEMKE. "A revision ofLeptogium(Collemataceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from Antarctica with a key to species." Lichenologist 50, no. 4 (2018): 467–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282918000269.

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AbstractWith more than 180 known species,Leptogiumhas its greatest richness in tropical regions. Only three species have so far been reported from Antarctica but extensive surveys in the Antarctic Maritime Islands have shown that this is an underestimate.Leptogium antarcticum(non-isidiate, with medulla composed of columnar hyphae),L. marcellii(non-isidiate, with medulla composed of a sponge-like arrangement of hyphae) andL. tectum(isidiate, with medulla composed of columnar hyphae) are described here as new to science. The new species are compared with those already reported for the genus in A

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Hemmings, Alan D., Sanjay Chaturvedi, Elizabeth Leane, Daniela Liggett, and Juan Francisco Salazar. "Nationalism in Today’s Antarctic." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 7, no. 1 (2015): 531–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211-6427_020.

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Whilst nationalism is a recognised force globally, its framing is predicated on experience in conventionally occupied parts of the world. The familiar image of angry young men waving Kalashnikovs means that the idea that nationalism might be at play in Antarctica has to overcome much instinctive resistance, as well as the tactical opposition of the keepers of the present Antarctic political arrangements. The limited consideration of nationalism in Antarctica has generally been confined to the past, particularly “Heroic-Era” and 1930s–1940s expeditions. This article addresses the formations of

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Storey, Bryan C., and Roi Granot. "Chapter 1.1 Tectonic history of Antarctica over the past 200 million years." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 55, no. 1 (2021): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m55-2018-38.

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AbstractThe tectonic evolution of Antarctica in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras was marked by igneous activity that formed as a result of simultaneous continental rifting and subduction processes acting during the final stages of the southward drift of Gondwana towards the South Pole. For the most part, continental rifting resulted in the progressive disintegration of the Gondwana supercontinent from Middle Jurassic times to the final isolation of Antarctica at the South Pole following the Cenozoic opening of the surrounding ocean basins, and the separation of Antarctica from South America and

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Flores, Carolina. "An Ecological Reading of Sovereignty Claims in Antarctica." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 13, no. 1 (2022): 210–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116427_013010011.

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Abstract Article IV of the Antarctic Treaty has “frozen” the controversies over sovereignty in Antarctica. However, the seven States claiming sovereignty over the continent still have an important role in the Antarctic Treaty System. One of the areas where they show leadership is in environmental protection, which is a pivotal principle of Antarctica’s regime since the adoption of the Environmental Protocol in 1991. Their active role cannot be explained under a Westphalian interpretation of sovereignty, where states have absolute power over the exploitation of their natural resources. Notwiths

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Zhu, Jiangping, Aihong Xie, Xiang Qin, Bing Xu, and Yicheng Wang. "Assessment of Antarctic Amplification Based on a Reconstruction of Near-Surface Air Temperature." Atmosphere 14, no. 2 (2023): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020218.

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Polar amplification has been a research focus in climate research in recent decades. However, little attention has been paid to Antarctic amplification (AnA). We have examined the variations in annual and seasonal temperature over the Antarctic Ice Sheet and its amplification based on reconstruction covering the period 2002–2018. The results show the occurrence of annual and seasonal AnA, with an AnA index greater than 1.39 with seasonal differences, and that AnA is strong in the austral winter and spring. Moreover, AnA displays regional differences, with the greatest amplification occurring i

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Chaturvedi, Sanjay. "Antarctica and the United Nations." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 42, no. 1 (1986): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492848604200101.

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During the 200-odd years, since the circumnavigation of the Antarctica by-Captain James Cook (1772–1775), international interest in the continent has grown to such an extent that the frozen Antarctica is now at the centre of a heated political debate. The prophecy of Captain Cook that the world would derive no profit out of it, seems to be proving wrong. Antarctica has now ceased to be merely the most significant ‘natural laboratory’ and the site of important scientific experiments, it has become, under the Antarctic Treaty of 1959, a subject of ‘innovative political experiment’ in multilatera

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Powell, Robert B., Stephen R. Kellert, and Sam H. Ham. "Antarctic tourists: ambassadors or consumers?" Polar Record 44, no. 3 (2008): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247408007456.

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ABSTRACTTwo complementary studies were conducted to investigate both the immediate and longer-term influence of Antarctic cruise tourism experiences on participants’ knowledge of Antarctica, attitudes toward management issues facing the Antarctic region, and environmental behaviours and future intentions. In addition, the study investigated tourists’ attitudes toward visitor guidelines. The results suggest that Antarctica nature-based tourism operators have the potential to provide experiences that educate the public to the importance of Antarctica.

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Hu, Lechen, and Yansong Duan. "Research on Photogrammetric Processing Methods for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Imagery in Antarctica." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-2/W8-2024 (December 14, 2024): 193–200. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-2-w8-2024-193-2024.

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Abstract. Antarctica, abundant in resources and of exceptional scientific value, is a focus of research. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry, as a low-cost and efficient method for geographic information acquisition, plays an important role in Antarctic studies. However, due to the unique conditions of Antarctica, conventional UAV photogrammetry processing methods are inadequate, and relevant research in this area is limited. This paper uses a photogrammetric coordinate system for the Antarctic environment and derives the conversion formulas between geodetic coordinates and the coordi

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WALL, DIANA H. "Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in terrestrial habitats of Antarctica." Antarctic Science 17, no. 4 (2005): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102005002944.

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Are we failing to acknowledge the impact of global changes (e.g. UVB, invasive species, climate, land use, atmosphere) on the terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem processes of Antarctica? Antarctica is considered a pristine environment and has low terrestrial species diversity and trophic complexity, and yet while scientifically possible, we still do not know the number of species, where they are, or how their influence on ecosystem processes (e.g. nutrient cycling, carbon flux, decomposition, feedbacks to climate, hydrology) will be affected by multiple global changes. Increased recognition

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Thompson, Keith. "Antarctic Ecology and Antarctica." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 16, no. 1 (1986): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03036758.1986.10426960.

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Taboada, Sergi, Luis Francisco García-Fernández, Santiago Bueno, Jennifer Vázquez, Carmen Cuevas, and Conxita Avila. "Antitumoural activity in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic benthic organisms." Antarctic Science 22, no. 5 (2010): 494–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102010000416.

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AbstractA prospecting search for antitumoural activity in polar benthic invertebrates was conducted on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic benthos in three different areas: Bouvet Island (sub-Antarctic), eastern Weddell Sea (Antarctica) and the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica). A total of 770 benthic invertebrate samples (corresponding to at least 290 different species) from 12 different phyla were assayed to establish their pharmacological potential against three human tumour cell lines (colorectal adenocarcinoma, lung carcinoma and breast adenocarcinoma). Bioassays resulted in 15 different specie

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Hawes, T. C., M. R. Worland, P. Convey, and J. S. Bale. "Aerial dispersal of springtails on the Antarctic Peninsula: implications for local distribution and demography." Antarctic Science 19, no. 1 (2007): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102007000028.

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Aerial dispersal has been frequently proposed as a potential mechanism by which polar terrestrial arthropods are transported to, and settle the ice free habitats of Antarctica, but to date there has been little substantive evidence in support of this hypothesis. Using water traps we investigated aerial deposition of arthropods on Lagoon Island, Ryder Bay, on the Antarctic Peninsula. Over a period of five weeks, trapping at three different altitudes, we captured a total of nine springtails, Cryptopygus antarcticus, all alive. This is the first study to demonstrate conclusively the survival of w

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Beck, Peter J. "Identifying national interests in Antarctica: the case of Canada." Polar Record 32, no. 183 (1996): 335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400067553.

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ABSTRACTDuring the past decade, most publications on Antarctic politics and law have concentrated upon broader developments at the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) level. Less attention has been devoted to the nature of national interests in Antarctica and ways of balancing different policy objectives through time. Canada, though failing to accede to the Antarctic Treaty until 1988, offers a useful case study illuminating the broad range of interests influencing the policy of individual governments toward Antarctica, and particularly the reasons why states lacking clear national interests therein

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Yiğit, Merve Kahraman, and Mehmet Gökhan Halıcı. "A NEW LICHENIZED FUNGI RECORD FROM ANTARCTIC PENINSULA, ANTARCTICA ACCORDING TO nrITS PHYLOGENY: Buellia badia (FR.) A. MASSAL." CURRENT TRENDS IN NATURAL SCIENCES 12, no. 23 (2023): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2023.v12i23.038.

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Vegetation in the Antarctic Peninsula is quite poor due to the generally harsh conditions of Antarctica. Lichenized fungi are the dominant elements of the vegetation. There are about 450 species of lichenized fungi in Antarctica. About 65% of these lichenized fungi are distributed in the Antarctic Peninsula. Buellia is one of the most common genera in the Antarctic Peninsula. The genus Buellia is characterized by black lecideine apothecia, oblong or ellipsoidal and rarely citriform-shaped brown ascospores with one or more septa and a reddish-brown and rarely hyaline hypothecium. It is classifi

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Daneri, G. A., and A. R. Carlini. "Spring and summer predation on fish by the Antarctic fur seal, Arctocephalus gazella, at King George Island, South Shetland Islands." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 7 (1999): 1157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-064.

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The fish component of the diet of nonbreeding male Antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella, was analyzed from 70 scats collected at Stranger Point, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, during the austral spring (n = 36) and summer (n = 34) of 1993-1994. Fish occurred in approximately 70% of scats that contained food remains irrespective of season. In spring, the main fish prey were Electrona antarctica, Pleuragramma antarcticum, and Notolepis coatsi, which together gave two-thirds of the 110 otoliths recovered. In summer, 457 otoliths were retrieved; the most frequent and abundant sp

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Allen, Claire S. "Proxy development: a new facet of morphological diversity in the marine diatom <i>Eucampia antarctica</i> (Castracane) Mangin." Journal of Micropalaeontology 33, no. 2 (2014): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jmpaleo2013-025.

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Abstract. The varied aspect ratios observed in the Antarctic marine diatom Eucampia antarctica are described and quantified. Data are compiled from detailed measurements of the gross morphology of winter stage specimens found in samples of modern marine sediments. Surface sediment samples come from a range of oceanographic settings spanning almost 20° of latitude from north of the Polar Front in the SW Atlantic to close to continental Antarctica in the southern Amundsen Sea. Results are compared with previously recorded morphological data ascribed to the polar and sub-polar varieties of E. ant

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Storey, J. W. V. "Astronomy and Astrophysics from Antarctica: a new SCAR Scientific Research Program." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, H15 (2009): 616–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310010768.

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AbstractIn July 2008 the IAU became a union member of the ICSU body SCAR—the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. At the same time, SCAR initiated a Planning Group to establish a Scientific Research Program in Astronomy and Astrophysics from Antarctica. Broadly stated, the objectives of Astronomy and Astrophysics from Antarctica are to coordinate astronomical activities in Antarctica in a way that ensures the best possible outcomes from international investment in Antarctic astronomy, and maximizes the opportunities for productive interaction with other disciplines.

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Liggett, Daniela, Bob Frame, Neil Gilbert, and Fraser Morgan. "Is it all going south? Four future scenarios for Antarctica." Polar Record 53, no. 5 (2017): 459–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247417000390.

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ABSTRACTThe future is uncertain for Antarctica, with many possibilities – some more plausible, others more preferable. Indeed, the region and its governance regime may be reaching (or may have reached) a crossroads moment as a result of a series of challenges, including the changing Antarctic climate and environment, increasing human activity, shifting values among Antarctic states and a low-cost, somewhat benign governance regime (the Antarctic Treaty System). Within this context there are a number of interdependent drivers that are likely to influence Antarctica's future over, say, 25 years:

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Long, Douglas J. "Quaternary colonization or Paleogene persistence?: historical biogeography of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae) in the Antarctic ichthyofauna." Paleobiology 20, no. 2 (1994): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300012690.

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Seven endemic species of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae) represent the only family of elasmobranchs currently known to live in Antarctic continental waters. Many previous authors believed skates colonized Antarctic waters from Patagonia during interglacial periods in the Quaternary. However, recent fossil material collected from the middle Eocene La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, indicates that they may have persisted in Antarctic waters since the Paleogene. Additionally, oceanographic barriers present in the Neogene and Quaternary would have prevented dispersal from

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Priestley, Rebecca, Jacqueline Dohaney, Cliff Atkins, Rhian Salmon, and Kealagh Robinson. "Engaging new Antarctic learners and ambassadors through flexible learning, open education and immersive video lectures." Polar Record 55, no. 4 (2018): 274–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247418000384.

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AbstractIn April 2017, Victoria University of Wellington launched ICE101X—Antarctica: From Geology to Human History—on the global edX platform. This Massive Open Online Course, or MOOC, attracted 5735 learners from around the world, who engaged with content about Antarctic science, history, geology, and culture, primarily through video lectures filmed in Antarctica. Analysis of feedback from learners in three iterations of the course, offered between 2015 and 2017 and culminating in ICE101X, revealed that learners enjoyed the immersive Antarctic field lectures and learning through a diverse se

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Tsalolikhin, S. Ya. "New data on Antarctic nematodes of the genus Plectus (Nematoda: Plectida)." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 328, no. 4 (2024): 726–29. https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2024.328.4.726.

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The validity and geographical distribution of the species Plectus frigophilus Kirjanova, 1958 in Antarctica is discussed. Plectus antarcticus de Man, 1904 is common in West Antarctica, and P. frigophilus is common in East Antarctica.

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Leary, David, and Julia Jabour. "The Resilience of Scientific Co-operation as a Foundational Principle of the Antarctic Treaty." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 15, no. 1 (2024): 348–81. https://doi.org/10.1163/22116427_015010014.

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Abstract This paper explores the resilience of the freedom of scientific investigation as a central pillar of the Antarctic Treaty. We highlight the importance or significance of Antarctic science. Why does it matter? Put simply it matters because science is at the core of the Antarctic Treaty and is at the core of governance more broadly in Antarctica. More significantly, science is of greatest importance because of the contributions it makes to knowledge, and the pointers it provides us in understanding and solving the major environmental challenges of our time. Science is not only the curre

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Brady, Anne-Marie. "New Zealand's strategic interests in Antarctica." Polar Record 47, no. 2 (2010): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247410000148.

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ABSTRACTNew Zealand has important strategic interests in Antarctica that are as much about geography and the country's geostrategic needs, as they are about history and the politics of maintaining rights gained in an earlier era. This paper outlines the reasons behind New Zealand's involvement in and commitment to Antarctica; profiles the various bodies involved in maintaining and negotiating New Zealand's Antarctic presence and voice on Antarctic affairs; and discusses New Zealand's core interests in the Antarctic continent that help to shape its Antarctic policy.

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OTT, Sieglinde. "Early stages of development in Usnea antarctica Du Rietz in the South Shetland Islands, northern maritime Antarctica." Lichenologist 36, no. 6 (2004): 413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282904014380.

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Juvenile development has been investigated for the first time in an Antarctic lichen species—Usnea antarctica—in the northern maritime Antarctic, Livingston Island (South Shetland Islands, 62°27′–62°48′S, 59°45′–61°15′W). Here, U. antarctica grows on rocks and forms the dominant vegetation on this site together with a few other macrolichens. This species reproduces mainly by vegetative diaspores (soredia), which include both the photobiont and the mycobiont. To understand the early ontogenetic strategies in U. antarctica, culture experiments were performed in an Antarctic field site where the

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Beck, Peter J. "Antarctica at the United Nations, 1985: the end of consensus?" Polar Record 23, no. 143 (1986): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400028345.

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ABSTRACTThe question of Antarctica was discussed at the United Nations General Assembly in 1985 for the third successive year. While the content of the debates differed little from that of previous years, the discussions resulted in the adoption, by large majorities, of three resolutions in favour of an expanded and up-dated UN Study on Antarctica, the provision of information for the UN on the Antarctic minerals regime negotiations, and the exclusion of South Africa from the Antarctic Treaty System. The Antarctic Treaty powers, favouring no real UN role in Antarctica, stressed the need to mai

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