Dissertations / Theses: 'Antennas (Electronics)'

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Davids, Vernon Pete. "Implementation of a wideband microstrip phased array antenna for X-band radar applications." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1100.

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Thesis (MTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009
This thesis presents the design, analysis and implementation of an eight-element phased array antenna for wideband X-band applications. The microstrip phased array antenna is designed using eight quasi-Yagi antennas in a linear configuration and is printed on RT/Duroid 6010LM substrate made by Rogers Corporation. The feeding network entails a uniform beamforming network as well as a non-uniform -25 dB Dolph-Tschebyscheff beamforming network, each with and without 45° delay lines, generating a squinted beam 14° from boresight. Antenna parameters such as gain, radiation patterns and impedance bandwidth (BW) are investigated in the single element as well as the array environment. Mutual coupling between the elements in the array is also predicted. The quasi-Yagi radiator employed as radiating element in the array measured an exceptional impedance bandwidth (BW) of 50% for a S11 < -10 dB from 6 GHz to 14 GHz, with 3 dB to 5 dB of absolute gain in the frequency range from 8 GHz to 11.5 GHz. The uniform broadside array measured an impedance BW of 20% over the frequency band and a gain between 9 dB to 11 dB, whereas the non-uniform broadside array measured a gain of 9 dB to 11 dB and an impedance BW of 14.5%. Radiation patterns are stable across the X-band. Beam scanning is illustrated in the E-plane for the uniform array as well as for the non-uniform array.

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Marais, Sarel Jacobus. "The quadrifilar helix antenna and its application to wide angle phase-steered arrays." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21675.

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Thesis (MScIng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The quadrifilar helix antenna has frequently been employed to provide the wide angle, circularly polarized radiation pattern which is preferable for mobile satellite communications. A detailed study of this antenna and its varieties is presented. When used as an element in wide angle scanning arrays for aeronautical satellite tracking applications, the additional requirement of a low profile with light weight applies. This further complicates the realization of good circular polarization close to the horizon. A top disk is incorporated into various antenna structures in an effort to improve the radiation performance when used within a closely spaced array while reducing the height of the radiating element. The array performance of these elements are investigated which hints at a supported traveling mode aiding the ability to accomplish the wide angle beam steering. Subsequent study of leakywave antennas initiated the study and implementation of leaky-wave structures in phased arrays of quadrifilar helix elements.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die vierledige heliksantenna word dikwels gebruik vir toepassings wat ’n wye, sirkulêr gepolariseerde stralingspatroon benodig. ’n Verskeidenheid van hierdie antennas is noukeurig bestudeer en hul toepaslikheid vir mobiele sattelietkommunikasie ondersoek. Wanneer hierdie antennas in fase gestuurde skikkings gebruik word, word dit ook vereis dat die eenhede liggewig is met ’n lae profiel. Dit bemoeilik die verkryging van goeie sirkulêre polarisasie naby die horison aansienlik. In ’n poging om die wyehoek straling met kort antennas te verbeter, is ’n oorhoofse skyf tot verskillende heliksstrukture toegevoeg. In nou gespasieerde skikkings maak hierdie skywe ’n positiewe bydrae to wyehoekstralingeienskappe. Die invloed van lekmodusse wat binne die struktuur voortplant is ondersoek en gebruik in skikkings waarvan die bundel naby aan die horison gestuur word.

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McFadden, Michael. "Analysis of the equiangular spiral antenna." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31726.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Chair: Scott, Waymond; Committee Member: Eslinger, Owen; Committee Member: Ingram, Mary; Committee Member: Peterson, Andrew; Committee Member: Smith, Glenn. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Özbakış, Başak Kuştepeli Alp. "Fibonacci Fractal Tree Antennas/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2004. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/elektrikveelektronikmuh/T000455.rar.

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Ong, Chin Siang. "Digital phased array architectures for radar and communications based on off-the-shelf wireless technologies." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FOng.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2004.
Thesis advisor(s): David C. Jenn, Siew Yam Yeo. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64). Also available online.

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Lévis, Kathia. "Ka-band holographic antennas." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0015/MQ48166.pdf.

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Gok̈ben, Il̇han. "Prototype fabrication and measurements of uplink and downlink microstrip patch antennas for NPSAT-1 /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Mar%5FGokben.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): Jovan Lebaric, Richard W. Adler. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49). Also available online.

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Hamid, Mohamad Rijal. "Wideband reconfigurable antennas." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1560/.

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The work described in this thesis concerns the combining of wideband and reconfigurable narrow band functionality into a single antenna. This concept may be useful in reducing size and to give flexibility to a wireless terminal to operate in several different modes. The approach also offers additional pre-filtering to the front-end, which reduces the interference levels at the receiver, giving them a significant advantage over fixed non reconfigurable transceivers. Wideband-narrowband reconfiguration is potentially useful for future wireless communications such as software defined radio and cognitive radio, since they may employ wideband sensing and reconfigurable narrowband communications. Five novel reconfigurable antennas are presented. One is a switchable log periodic patch array and four are Vivaldi antennas with various forms of reconfiguration. The log periodic is reconfigured by placing switches between the patches and the feed line whilst the Vivaldi antenna has switched resonators controlling the current in the edges of the tapered slots. Wideband to various narrowband functions, wideband with a tunable band rejection having a very wide tuning ratio, and combined three function wide, narrow and tunable band rejection in a single antenna are demonstrated. Prototypes are presented with PIN diode switches, varactors, fixed capacitor or hard wire switches. Measured and simulated results with a very good agreement are presented, thus verifying the proposed concepts.

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Kock, Lotter. "Analysis and performance of antenna baluns." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50255.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.
ENGLIAH ABSTRACT: Data transmission plays a cardinal role in today's society. The key element of such a system is the antenna which is the interface between the air and the electronics. To operate optimally, many antennas require baluns as an interface between the electronics and the antenna. This thesis presents the problem definition, analysis and performance characterization of baluns. Examples of existing baluns are designed, computed and measured. A comparison is made between the analyzed baluns' results and recommendations are made.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Data transmissie is van kardinale belang in vandag se samelewing. Antennas is die voegvlak tussen die lug en die elektronika en vorm dus die basis van die sisteme. Vir baie antennas word 'n balun, wat die elektronika aan die antenna koppel, benodig om optimaal te funktioneer. Die tesis omskryf die probleemstelling, analiese en 'n prestasie maatstaf vir baluns. Prakties word daar gekyk na huidige baluns se ontwerp, simulasie, en metings. Die resultate word krities vergelyk en aanbevelings word gemaak.

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Cavanagh, Martin N. "Investigation of the scanning performance and enhancement of an electrically large array." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1331.

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Shen, Bing. "Multiple reflector scanning antennas." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40108.

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Cardoso, J. Christopher. "The spherical helical antenna." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09292009-020045/.

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Brown, George C. "Angle of arrival estimation utilizing hybrid arrays." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15365.

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Lourens, Jako. "A wideband monopole antenna design." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80026.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The successful operation of a man-pack VHF jamming system requires a compact and efficient antenna operating over a wide bandwidth. The design of such an antenna is the focus of this thesis. The antenna should be of a practical size for a portable system and it must radiate energy efficiently across a frequency bandwidth in excess of a decade. A practical „target‟ specification of such an antenna has been drawn up based on the performance of a commercially available system. Several possible antenna topologies, each with a variety of loading section options, are tested using “Full wave” electromagnetic modelling (FEKO). Each topology/loading-section is numerically optimised for load element values by considering both its gain and reflection coefficient. Results of the „optimally loaded‟ solution for each topology are then compared to each other to arrive at the best overall design. The best result is found to be the traditional monopole whip-type antenna, with four R-L loading sections spread along its length. The simulated results show that the proposed antenna can be expected to meet the target standing wave ratio (SWR) specifications while offering a gain advantage of between 5 and 10 dBi higher than is available commercially. The selected design is constructed and its performance measured.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die suksesvolle werking van ŉ mobiele VHF "jammer‟ benodig ŉ kompakte antenna met ŉ bruikbare benuttingsgraad wat oor ŉ wyeband funksioneer. Die ontwerp van so ŉ antenna is die fokus van hierdie tesis. Die antenna moet kompak genoeg wees om draagbaar te wees en moet ŉ bruikbare benuttingsgraad hê oor ŉ frekwensie-bandwydte van meer as 10:1. ŉ Praktiese spesifikasie is opgestel vir die antenna deur te kyk na die sigblaaie van beskikbare stelsels. “Volgolf” elektromagnetiese modelleringsagteware is daarna gebruik om ŉ parametriese ondersoek te loods van verskillende antennas. Verskillende topologieë is getoets met ʼn verskeidenheid van belaaide seksies waar die topologieë ge-optimaliseer was vir wins en weerkaatskoëffisiënt. Die resultate vir elke optimale oplossing is vergelyk.Opgrond van hierdie resultate is bevind dat die beste topologie die tradisionele monopoolmas "whip-type‟ antenna is met vier RL lading afdelings langs die lengte versprei. Analise word gebruik om te wys dat verwag kan word dat dit aan die aanwins en staande golf verhouding (SGV) spesifikasies sal voldoen met n 10 dB verhoging in aanwins vir n laer SGV. Die geselekteerde ontwerp is gebou en gemeet om te verifieer dat dit aan die spesifikasies voldoen.

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Wahls, Deborah M. "On-orbit structural dynamic performance of a large-diameter antenna /." This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02162010-020132/.

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Babb, Charles F. "Mixed signal processor for a robust symmetrical number system direction finding antenna." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02sep%5FBabb.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2002.
Thesis advisor(s): Phillip E. Pace, David C. Jenn. Includes bibliographical references (p. 97). Also available online.

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Douglas, Mark Gordon. "Antennas for personal communication systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0005/NQ34257.pdf.

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Gouker, Mark Andrew. "Studies of dipole antennas on finite thickness substrates with planar integrated focusing elements." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14965.

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Albritton, Rachel S. "Implementation of a 35 GHz Microstrip Antenna System." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 1987. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/RTD/id/14426.

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University of Central Florida College of Engineering Thesis
Millimeter waves, corresponding to the frequency range 30 to 300 GHz, have characteristics which make them ideal for many applications. Antennas at these frequencies have the advantage of reduced size and weight and can be fabricated as an integral part of the system they are used in. Millimeter wave microstrip antennas have been extensively researched over the past decade. The purposed of this report was to build and test 35 GHz microstrip antennas as well as put into operation a high voltage klystron power supply, Micro-Now Model 756. The antennas were fabricated and tested in the lab and the results obtained are reported. The operation of the Model 756 power supply is also outlined in detail.
M.S.;
Engineering;
Engineering;
39 p.
v, 39 leaves, bound : ill. ; 28 cm.

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Wu, Ren. "Multiple-antenna wireless communications: detection and estimation with smart antennas, and space-time code design considerations." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32616.

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The main theme of this thesis is wireless communications using multiple antennas. The thesis consists of four topics on smart antenna technology, its applications to direct sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) communications, and multiple-input multiple-output wireless communications. The first problem under consideration is the joint estimation of direction-of-arrival (DoA), propagation delay, and complex channel gain for antenna-array DS/CDMA communications over frequency selective multipath channels. We propose a subspace based MUSIC-type estimation algorithm which utilizes the spatial smoothing preprocessing technique. The proposed algorithm essentially breaks the multipath induced coherency within the received signals and recovers the full signal subspace spanned by the dominant signal paths of all users. This allows for the use of MUSIC-type DoA and delay estimators for individual paths of a particular user. We then describe a new criterion for detecting the number of signals impinging on a uniform linear array (ULA), which exploits eigenvector information of the sample array covariance matrix and makes explicit use of the peak information of the MUSIC spectrum. In the third part we present an iterative weight matrix approximation (IWMA) algorithm. IWMA computes an approximation to the optimum weight matrix used by weighted spatial smoothing (WSS) to completely decorrelate input sources and generate a diagonal source covariance matrix. A useful observation regarding IWMA is that the generated matrix is suitable as a basis for subspace-type DoA estimation. In the last part we discuss two deterministic measures for designing linear processing space-time
Les communications sans fil utilisant des antennes multiples constituent le thème principal de cette thèse qui traite de quatre sujets concernant la technologie des antennes intelligentes, son application aux communications à séquence directe CDMA, et des communications à entrées multiples et sorties multiples (MIMO). Le premier sujet est celui de l'estimation simultanée des directions d'arrivée, du retard de propagation et du gain complexe du canal pour des communications CDMA sur des canaux multi-trajets à fréquences sélectives. Nous proposons un algorithme d'estimation de type MUSIC à base de sous-espaces, utilisant un prétraitement par lissage spatial. L'algorithme proposé brise essentiellement la cohérence induite par les trajets multiples pour recouvrer entièrement le sous-espace du signal créé par les signaux dominants de tous les utilisateurs. Ceci permet l'utilisation d'estimateurs MUSIC des directions d'arrivée et du retard pour les signaux d'un utilisateur donné. Nous décrivons un nouveau critère pour détecter le nombre de signaux captés sur un réseau d'antennes uniforme et linéaire qui exploite le vecteur propre de la matrice de covariance des échantillons et qui utilise l'information des pics de spectre de MUSIC. Troisièmement, nous présentons un algorithme itératif d'approximation de la matrice des poids (IWMA) qui calcule une approximation de la matrice des poids optimale utilisée pour le lissage spatial (WSS), afin de complètement décorréler les sources d'entrées. Avec IWMA la matrice qui est générée peut être utilisée comme base de l'estimation de type sous-espace des directions d'arrivée. Nous discutons finalem

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Nikolaou, Symeon. "Design and implementation of compact reconfigurable antennas for UWB and WLAN applications." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24802.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Manos M. Tentzeris; Committee Co-Chair: John Papapolymerou; Committee Member: Andrew F. Peterson; Committee Member: Chang-Ho Lee; Committee Member: John D. Cressler; Committee Member: Joy Laskar.

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Gnanagurunathan, Gnanam. "Electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure based patch antennas." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551055.

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Microstrip patch antenna is used extensively in wireless and mobile applications due to its low-profile and lightweight. However, this antenna is prone to low gain, limited bandwidth and increased cross polarization levels. Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) structures are able to enhance the performance of this type of antenna. In this work, the performance of the patch antenna when integrated with EBG structure is investigated. A preliminary simulation study on the performance of a microstrip patch antenna integrated with Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) structures, indicated improvement in the radiation characteristics. First, the EBG characterization effort is undertaken. The bandgap of complementary and non-complementary form of five geometries are analyzed using the transmission line method. The analysis through simulation and measurement, show that complementary form sees a significant shift in the bandgap to lower frequencies and offer wider bandgap when compared to non-complementary form. Subsequently, gain performance of a square patch antenna when it is enclosed by complementary forms of either circular or square EBG cells are investigated. It emerges that the use of complementary EBG cells results in a comparatively better gain performance. The study includes a consideration of the groundplane size and the number of rows surrounding the patch, as these could affect the gain performance. This is followed by experimental measurements to substantiate the simulation outcome. Finally, the gain performance of a wideband antenna when it is configured with an EBG structure which functions as a reflector, also known as Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) is investigated and reported. Four variations of the AMC structure are investigated i.e. a square cell backed by square cells (with and without vias) and square cells backed by a PEC (with and without vias). The properties of gain, impedance bandwidth and power patterns are measured and reported over the wideband frequencies of 3-10GHz.

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Yelaka, Vijayendar Reddy. "Feasibility of incorporating a low profile di planar inverted cone antenna and a microwave amplifier in the design of a broadband E-field probe /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1448334.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2007.
"August 2007." Includes bibliographical references. Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2007]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.

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Moses, Charles A. "Theory and applications of chirality in microstrip antennas." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06302009-040350/.

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Van, Rooyen M. W. (Melchior Werner). "Simple broadband measurements of balanced loads using a network analyzer." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52451.

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Thesis (MEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Balanced loads such as antennas normally require baluns when they are measured. For wide band applications, designing and building a balun complicates the measurement and introduces errors. A simple model for load impedances was developed, together with a novel measurement procedure. The procedure enables the measurement of balanced loads using a network analyzer with no balun. Measured and simulated results are presented.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gebalanseerde laste soos antennas benodig gewoonlik balons om korrek gemeet te word. Die ontwerp van 'n balon vir wye band toepassings bemoeilik die metings en veroorsaak foute. 'n Eenvoudige model vir die lasimpedansies is ontwikkel sowel as 'n eenvoudige meetmetode. Die metode word gebruik om die gebalanseerde laste te meet met 'n netwerk analiseerder sonder die gebruik van 'n balon. Gemete en gesimuleerde resultate word getoon.

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Mansour, Ghaith Elsanosi M. "Reconfigurable and multi-functional antennas." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4603/.

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This thesis describes a research into multi-frequency and filtering antennas. Several novel antennas are presented, each of which addresses a specific issue for future communication systems, in terms of multi-frequency operation, and filtering capability. These antennas seem to be good candidates for implementation in future multiband radios, cognitive radio (CR), and software defined radio (SDR). The filtering antenna provides an additional filtering action which greatly improves the noise performance and reduces the need for filtering circuitry in the RF front end. Two types of frequency reconfigurable antennas are presented. One is tunable left-handed loop over ground plane and the second is slot-fed reconfigurable patch. The operating frequency of the left handed loop is reconfigured by loading varactor diodes whilst the frequency agility in the patch is achieved by inserting switches in the coupling slot. The length of the slot is altered by activating the switches. Compact microstrip antennas with filtering capabilities are presented in this thesis. Two filtering antennas are presented. Whilst the first one consists of three edge-coupled patches, the second filtering antenna consists of rectangular patch coupled to two hairpin resonators. The proposed antennas combine radiating and filtering functions by providing good out of band gain suppression.

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Mohd, Shah Shaharil. "Nonlinear characterisation of reconfigurable antennas." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6720/.

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The lack of references on nonlinearity issue faced in reconfigurable antennas has motivated the work described in this thesis. The nonlinear behaviour is caused by active switches introduced on the radiating structure of the reconfigurable antennas. Depending on the type of active switches deployed on the antenna, the nonlinearity could be severe, which could have serious implications for antenna operation. Thus, the issue of nonlinearity in reconfigurable antennas should not be ignored and nonlinearity measurements should be performed to ensure the nonlinear performance is within an acceptable level. A set of nonlinearity measurements has been identified and performed on the proposed reconfigurable PIFAs. Prototypes are presented with PIN diode and E-PHEMT switches. For the purpose of comparison, measurements were also made with the active switch replaced with a copper bridge for linear interconnection. The nonlinearity performance can be evaluated from the measurement values of third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) products, ratio of IMD3 products to carrier, IMD3 products asymmetry, third-order input intercept point (IIP3) and 1-dB gain compression point (P$_1$$_-$$_d$$_B$). The measurements are performed when the antenna is transmitting signals. All measurements are performed on the state-of-the-art, 4-port ZVA67 Rohde & Schwarz VNA. Based on the nonlinearity measurements, it can be concluded that the presence of active switches has compromised the nonlinearity of the reconfigurable antennas. This is evident from the appearance of strong IMD3 products at the frequency of interest. In addition, the power-series-based approximation of 10 dB difference between the measured P$_1$$_-$$_d$$_B$ and IIP3 is shown to be reasonable. Moreover, this work has demonstrated that the ratio of the IMD3 products to carrier does not vary significantly with radiation angles.

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Cao, Ping. "UWB antennas for wireless communications." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/14715/.

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This thesis focuses on four inter-related research topics on the design and analysis of compact planar ultra wide-band (UWB) monopole antennas for future wireless communications, namely, a planar super-wide-band (SWB) monopole antenna, a planar UWB antenna with band-notched characteristics, a planar UWB antenna with reconfigurable band-rejection features, and a planar UWB multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna. A novel Mickey-mouse shaped planar monopole antenna with SWB performance is proposed and investigated. Three different techniques for bandwidth enhancement are implemented. The antenna is evolved from the traditional circular monopole antenna and has achieved an impedance bandwidth of more than 100:1 and a stable radiation patterns over a wider bandwidth. The design of a compact planar UWB monopole antenna (22 mm × 34 mm), incorporated with five m-shaped resonators (MSRs) at different positions, to achieve quintuple-band-notched performance is presented. The frequency-domain performance (in term of reflection coefficients, realized gain, efficiency, and radiation pattern), and time-domain performance (in term of pulse responses and fidelity), are investigated by simulation and measurement. The results show that the proposed UWB antenna has approximately omnidirectional radiation patterns and excellent band-notched behaviours and good time domain performance with the fidelity of more than 85.5% in the pulse response. A planar UWB monopole antenna with reconfigurable band-notched characteristics is also introduced. The band rejection is realized by incorporating two co-directional split ring resonators (CSRR) on the radiator element. Switches are added to the CSRR structures to achieve the reconfigurability. The proposed antenna can operate at different switching states including a UWB state, single and dual band-notched states with good rejection behaviours. Good radiation patterns and gain values are also obtained for different switching states. This compact wideband antenna can be very good candidate for a wide range of mobile portable applications. A compact planar UWB-MIMO antenna (60 mm × 45 mm) is presented for wireless applications. The wideband isolation of more than 15 dB is achieved by etching a new trident-like slot on the ground plane of the antenna. An equivalent circuit have been introduced for analysis and the diversity performances are studied. The results show that the proposed MIMO antenna is a very good candidate for wireless applications. The study of these four special antennas has demonstrated that, using various techniques, the planar monopole antenna can be an excellent choice for a wide range of wireless communication applications.

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Alrawashdeh, Rula. "Implantable antennas for biomedical applications." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2010435/.

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Recently, the interest in implantable devices for biomedical telemetry has significantly increased. Amongst the different components of the implantable device, the antenna plays the most significant role in the wireless data transmission. However, the human body around the antenna alters its overall characteristics and absorbs most of its radiation. Therefore, this thesis is mainly focused on improving the antenna characteristics (bandwidth and radiation efficiency) to overcome the human body effect and investigating new structures that reduce the power absorption by the human body tissues. A novel antenna design methodology is developed and used to design new flexible implantable antennas of much lighter weight, larger radiation efficiency, and wider bandwidth than existing embedded antennas. These antennas work for multiple ((401-406 MHz) MedRadio, 433 MHz and 2.45 GHz ISM) bands which satisfy the requirements of low power consumption and wireless power transfer. This has been combined with thorough investigations of the antenna performance in the anatomical human body. New effective evaluation parameters such as the antenna orientation are investigated for the first time. New structures inspired by complementary and multiple split ring resonators (CSRRs and MSRRs) are designed. The structures are found to reduce the electric near field and hence the absorbed power which increases the radiated power accordingly. This new promising function of metamaterial based structures for implantable applications is investigated for the first time. The path loss (between pacemaker and glucose monitoring implantable antennas inside the anatomical body model) and (between an implantable and external antennas for a wireless power channel at 433 MHz) are estimated. Moreover, the optimum antenna type for on-in body communication is investigated. Loop antennas are found to outperform patch antennas in close proximity to the human body.

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Öjefors, Erik. "Integrated Antennas : Monolithic and Hybrid Approaches." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Engineering Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7142.

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This thesis considers integration of antennas and active electronics manufactured on the same substrate. The main topic is on-chip antennas for commercial silicon processes, but hybrid integration using printed circuit board technology is also addressed.

The possible use of micromachining techniques as a means of reducing substrate losses of antennas manufactured on low resistivity silicon wafers is investigated. Compact dipole, loop, and inverted-F antennas for the 20-40 GHz frequency range are designed, implemented, and characterized. The results show significantly improved antenna efficiency when micromachining is used as a post-processing step for on-chip antennas manufactured in silicon technology.

High resistivity wafers are used in a commercial silicon germanium technology to improve the efficiency of dipole antennas realized using the available circuit metal layers in the process. Monolithically integrated 24 GHz receivers with on-chip antennas are designed and evaluated with regard to antenna and system performance. No noticeable degradation of the receiver performance caused by cross talk between the antenna and the integrated circuit is observed.

For low frequency antenna arrays, such as base station antennas, hybrid integration of active devices within the antenna aperture is treated. A compact varactor based phase shifter for traveling wave antenna applications is proposed and evaluated. Electrically steerable traveling wave patch antenna arrays, with the phase shifters implemented in the same conductor layer as the radiating elements, are designed and manufactured in microstrip technology. It is experimentally verified that the radiation from the feed network and phase shifters in the proposed antenna configuration is small.

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Voigt, Dewald. "Computational investigation of a crossed slot cavity-backed array antenna." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2659.

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Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
This thesis investigates a computational model of an electronically steered antenna array. It focuses on a simple element comprising an S-shaped, crossed, cylindrical cavity-backed slot antenna. An unusual aspect of the element is the addition of a top hat, which contributes to the low scanning ability of the array. The objective was to confirm this contribution of the top hat. During the investigation, the computation code Feko was validated for slot analysis through consideration of the basic properties of a dipole and slot and how they related to each other. Various alternative models were evaluated, before a final accurate model was modelled in Feko, to find possible equivalent models. The final model, which implemented the use of Feko as release 5, was the only one that achieved successful results. The results showed that the top hat does play an important role in the steering of the beam. The mechanism through which this occurs was identified. The results that where obtained indicated that there may be more effective elements than the cylindrical element and the identification of this is proposed as a field for further study.

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Esselle, Karunanayake P. A. P. "Receiving antennas for electromagnetic pulses and transients." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5666.

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The pulse receiving characteristics of several thin-wire antennas have been investigated in this thesis. First, a loop antenna with a uniformly distributed impedance has been investigated, analytically, in the frequency domain. An equivalent circuit has been developed for the impedance-loaded loop antenna receiving an arbitrary steady-state electromagnetic field. The frequency- and time-domain receiving characteristics of a resistively loaded loop antenna have been obtained. It has been found that the loop antenna with a uniform distributed resistance has a broad receiving bandwidth. Nonetheless, the antenna is dispersive and is therefore not suitable for the reception of electromagnetic pulses or transients. Second, pulse-receiving characteristics of resistively loaded straight dipole antennas have been investigated in the time domain. Frequency-domain receiving characteristics have been obtained using the Fast Fourier Transform method. Two types of resistively loaded straight dipole antenna designs have been considered. One design has a high distributed resistance and a low terminal resistance, and gives a broad bandwidth at the expense of the sensitivity. The other design has a low distributed resistance and a high terminal resistance. It does not sacrifice the sensitivity but requires an active high-impedance receiver circuit. It has been found that the Wu-King resistively loaded dipole has the maximally flat frequency response close to the upper roll-off frequency, when terminated with a high-impedance load. Third, a time-domain stepping-in-time procedure has been developed for the analysis of unloaded and resistively loaded V-antennas. V-antennas with various terminations have also been analyzed using the Numerical Electromagnetic Code. After identifying the limitations of resistively loaded straight and V-antennas in receiving fast pulses and transients, a passive compensation technique has been developed to significantly increase the upper frequency limit of the V-antenna. The new V-antenna consists of a resistively-loaded thin-wire V-dipole or monopole, a Response Equalizer Circuit and an oscilloscope probe (or other termination). For a given termination, the new antenna has a higher sensitivity and a much broader bandwidth compared with the Wu-King antenna. It is estimated to have a 3-dB bandwidth from 25 MHz to 10 GHz when used with a commercially available 500 $\Omega$ passive probe. The sensitivity is approximately 1 mV/(Vm$\sp{-1})$, taking into account the 20 dB attenuation of the probe. With a 50 $\Omega$ probe, this antenna has a 3-dB bandwidth from 110 MHz to 10 GHz, and a sensitivity better than 4 mV/(Vm$\sp{-1}$). A V-antenna and a Wu-King monopole antenna have been fabricated using thin-film deposition technology. A time-domain antenna range has been built and used to measure the time-domain response of the experimental antennas. It has been found that the experimental V-antenna is capable of receiving a 520-ps approximately Gaussian pulse, without significant distortions. The frequency-domain receiving characteristics of the two antennas have been obtained using the Fast Fourier Transform method. The receiving response of the V-antenna has been measured in the frequency domain, using a TEM cell and network analyzers. The experimental thin-film V-antenna has a sensitivity of 1.12 mV/(Vm$\sp{-1}$) and a flat receiving response from 35 MHz to 3 GHz. It was not possible to measure the response beyond 3 GHz, due to limitations of the pulse generators available. The experimental thin-film Wu-King antenna has a sensitivity of 22 mV/(Vm$\sp{-1}$) and an upper roll-off frequency of about 300 MHz, which is limited by the bandwidth of the active receiver circuit.

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Kumar, Nikhil. "Spontaneous Emission Rate Enhancement Using Optical Antennas." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3593887.

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The miniaturization of electronics has relentlessly followed Moore's law for the past several decades, allowing greater computational power and interconnectivity than ever before. However, limitations on power consumption on chip have put practical limits on speed. This dissertation describes the role that optical antennas can play in reducing power consumption and increasing efficiency and speed for on-chip optical interconnects.

High speed optical communication has been dependent on the laser for its narrow linewidth and high modulation bandwidth. It has long outperformed the LED for both practical reasons and very suitable physical characteristics. Lasers however have some downsides when considering short distance communications which may not require narrow linewidths. Typically, they require high powers, take up more space and the rate is inherently limited by gain saturation. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) on the other hand are limited by spontaneous emission, a rate that is dependent upon its electromagnetic environment. The use of metallic optical nano-antennas can significantly increase a light emitters coupling to its environment and potentially achieve a rate orders of magnitude faster than stimulated emission. Coupling a light emitter into an efficient nano-optical antenna serves three purposes—1) a much faster modulation speed can be achieved due to a faster rate of spontaneous emission, 2) the footprint of such a device would be shrunk to the nano-scale, ultimately necessary for large scale integration and 3) the overall efficiency of the emitter can be increased.

While the main motivation behind this work is for short distance communications, optical antennas can serve in a host of applications including photodetectors, solar cells, nano-imaging, bio-sensing and data storage.

In this thesis we derive the theory behind optical antennas and experimentally show an enhanced spontaneous emission rate.

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Leatherwood, Daniel Aaron. "Plane wave, pattern subtraction, range compensation for spherical surface antenna pattern measurements." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14683.

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Mohan, Anuraag. "Higher order transient analysis of composite wire structures." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 166 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1362532781&sid=43&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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36

Black, Donald Nelson Jr. "Test zone field compensation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15047.

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Scott, Waymond R. Jr. "Dielectric spectroscopy using shielded open-circuited coaxial lines and monopole antennas of general length." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13726.

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38

Han, Qingsheng 1971. "FDTD analysis of antennas close to human tissue." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82493.

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Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) is a numerical method often used to analyze interaction of electromagnetic radiation with complex geometries.
In this work, we use FDTD method to compute electromagnetic fields in the near-field of several antennas types. These antennas include bowtie antenna, "Dark Eyes" antenna, quarter-wave monopole antenna, monopole-helix antenna and patch antenna. Each one of these structures is modeled and numerically tested using the FDTD-based software, which allows us to incorporate detailed models of the human anatomy in the simulation.
We test antennas in two application scenarios: cell phone radiation and breast cancer detection. For cell phone radiation, we study the maximum average SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) in the human head model exposed to radiation from antennas used typically in mobile telephones: quarter-wave monopole antenna, monopole-helix antenna and patch antenna.
Breast cancer detection with pulsed microwave radiation requires broadband antennas. Characteristics of the bowtie antenna and "Dark Eyes" antenna were studied in the vicinity of a simplified breast tissue model. Special attention is given to comparison of the trans-receiving antennas' sensitivities to the backscattered response from a simulated embedded tumor.

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39

Evans, Gareth David. "New electron beam scanning techniques for microstrip antennas." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304503.

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Al, Ja'Afreh Saqer. "MIMO antennas for mobile phone applications." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2032700/.

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Recent evolutions in wireless mobile communications have shown that by employing multiple inputs and multiple outputs (MIMO) technology at both the transmitter and receiver, both the wireless system capacity and reliability can be enhanced without the need for increasing the power transmitted or using more spectrum. Despite a considerable amount of research have been done on the design of MIMO and diversity handset antennas, the design of low profile, small footprint and multi-standard (wideband or multiband) diversity antennas on handset devices remains a challenging issue. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to present new antenna structures for handset MIMO and diversity applications. As the MIMO antenna design can be conducted either using multiple element antennas (MEA) or isolated mode antenna technology (IMAT), the work in this thesis is fallen in these two general design themes (areas). The first area under investigation concerns multiport antennas (IMAT antennas). It has the following two contributions: • A novel dual-feed water-based antenna is designed from a low cost liquid material with a very high dielectric constant (pure water ). The isolation between feeds is achieved by two back to back L-shaped ground plane strips. A prototype is made and the optimised diversity parameters are obtained, the results show that this design has a good diversity performance over the frequency range of 2.4 – 2.7 GHz. • A new and low profile (h = 3 mm) planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) with a coplanar-feed is presented. It has a wideband response over the frequency range of 2.35 – 3.25 GHz. The design is based on a comparative study on the mutual coupling between different feed arrangements. As a result, the coplanar feed is employed in the proposed antenna; the polarization diversity is achieved by exciting two orthogonal radiation modes. The isolation between the feeds is achieved by an L-shaped ground plane slot. Both simulated and measured results demonstrate that the design is a very good candidate for mobile diversity and MIMO applications. The second investigation area concerns multiple element antenna (MEA) systems for wideband and multiband handset applications. It includes the following contributions: • Three antenna systems of the planar inverted-L (PILA) antenna (h = 5 mm) are employed for wideband handset diversity applications over the frequency range of 1.7 – 2.85 GHz: 1) The first design has a dual-element PILA in which both the pattern and spatial diversities are employed; one antenna element is located on the upper edge of the ground plane while the other is located on the lower edge. 2) The second design represents a more compact dual-element PILA antenna in which the two elements are placed on the same ground plane edge (collocated on the same edge). The antenna isolation is achieved using a parasitic decoupling element inserted between the two elements. A novel approach for the design of the parasitic decoupling element is proposed. It is based on stepped impedance resonator circuit theory. As a result, more space is saved with this design (footprint = 385 mm2) over the first design (footprint = 702 mm2). 3) The third design is a four-element PILA system in which two antenna pairs (one pair at the upper edge which the other pair is located on the lower edge on the system PCB). All the prototypes are made and evaluated; the results show excellent diversity performance over the applications in the frequency range of 1.7-2.7 GHz. • A dual-element hexa-band antenna is proposed for smartphone MIMO applications. It consists of two elements: a hexa-band metallic frame antenna and a hepta-band PILA antenna coupled with a meandered shorted strip as an internal antenna. The isolation is achieved due to the resulted orthogonal radiation patterns, especially, at 0.85 GHz. The optimized antenna is made and tested and the results show that this design covers a hexa-band and is particularly suitable for GSM850/ DCS1800/ PCS1900/ UMTS2100/ LTE2500/ LTE3600 smartphone applications.

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41

Zeineddin, Rafik Paul. "Numerical electromagnetics codes problems, solutions and applications." Ohio : Ohio University, 1993. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1176315682.

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42

Gokben, Ilhan. "Prototype fabrication and measurements of uplink and downlink microstrip patch antennas for NPSAT-1." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1109.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
This thesis addresses the prototyping, measurement, and validation of two circularly polarized microstrip patch antennas designed by LTJG Mahmut Erel for the NPSAT-1. The antenna system (receive and transmit), consisting of two antennas on a ground plane and their feed systems, was field-tested. The results were compared to the CSTÊ¼ Microwave Studio. Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) software package predictions in order to verify that this design satisfies the NPSAT-1 requirements for bandwidth, free-space radiation pattern and low-profile shape.
Lieutenant Junior Grade, Turkish Navy

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43

Ghosh, Debalina. "UWB antenna design for signature extraction of buried targets." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available, full text:, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Wyant, Andrea M. "Genetic algorithm optimization applied to planar and wire antennas /." Online version of thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/4767.

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Subramanian, Srikanth. "A multiple-antenna-multiple-equalizer system for CDMA indoor wireless systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ32728.pdf.

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Smith, William Travis. "A synthesis procedure for array feeds to improve radiation performance of large distorted reflector antennas." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07102007-142513/.

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Sooriyadevan, Pradiv. "The electromagnetic modelling and optimization of planar holographic antennas." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26776.

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Antennas based on holographic principles are attractive at millimetre wave frequencies because of their potentially relatively high directivity and low profile. Most published design work on planar holographic antennas has been based on approximate expressions and experimental experience. Little attempt appears to have made to use some computational electromagnetics approach to model these antennas. Thus no numerical optimization has been possible. One aspect that makes the modeling/optimization process difficult is that such planar holographic antennas are electrically large. For instance, in the case of a holographic antenna of directivity 18 dBi, the combined length of the conducting strips on the antennas can be more than 100lambda 0. In this thesis we formulate and implement a two-dimensional electromagnetic analysis that allows one to determine the H-plane radiation characteristics of the holographic antenna. This analysis consists of an integral equation formulation for a line source illuminating a structure consisting of conducting strips and dielectric material, plus feedhorn walls, and its solution using the method of moments. We demonstrate how it can be applied in the modeling of the holographic antennas in question. It is possible to model the holographic antenna's feedhorn, the holographic antenna proper, and its interaction with the feedhorn. In addition, we have integrated the electromagnetic analysis with numerical optimization algorithms, and show what antenna geometries (such as the distribution of conducting strip widths) are obtruded by such algorithms as being optimum in some sense. Experimental validation is provided, and shows that it is possible to improve the gain of the holographic antenna by up to roughly 2 dB.

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Zou, Xinlei. "Bandwidth enhancement techniques for probe-fed microstrip patch antennas." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27106.

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Many bandwidth enhancement techniques for microstrip patch antennas have been developed since the 1970's. Except for an IEEE collection of reprints which appeared in 1995, relatively little work has been done to review and categorize these techniques. As a result, the published research and design of broadband microstrip antennas has become somewhat unsystematic. In this thesis, papers on broadband microstrip antennas have been reviewed. Using full-wave electromagnetic simulation, the important performance parameters such as the bandwidth, realized gain, antenna efficiency, radiation efficiency and radiation patterns of broadband microstrip patch antennas have been considered. Based on these results, bandwidth enhancement techniques have been categorized in two broad classes, namely those applicable when electrically-thick low-permittivity substrates are used, and those applicable to electrically-thin high-permittivity substrates. These broad classes have been sub-divided into several sub-classes in a structured manner that aids the understanding of the bandwidth enhancement methods. A summary of these techniques, linked to a comparison of resulting microstrip patch antenna performance obtained from full-wave analysis of the sub-classes, is provided. It is also shown, through a specific example, how the increased understanding afforded by this categorization can lead to the development of new broad bandwidth geometries that can offer some advantages over existing ones.

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Blais, Angeline. "Monopole antennas for microwave catheter ablation of the myocardium." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq20903.pdf.

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Eisemann, David W. "Methods for determining dish antenna pointing angles." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03302010-020248/.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Antennas (Electronics)'

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