Journal articles: 'Anterior ocular segment'

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Tabbara, Khalid F. "Ocular Tuberculosis: Anterior Segment." International Ophthalmology Clinics 45, no. 2 (2005): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.iio.0000155935.60213.ac.

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Ryan, Denise S., Rose K. Sia, Marcus Colyer, et al. "Anterior Segment Imaging in Combat Ocular Trauma." Journal of Ophthalmology 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/308259.

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Purpose. To evaluate the use of ocular imaging to enhance management and diagnosis of war-related anterior segment ocular injuries.Methods. This study was a prospective observational case series from an ongoing IRB-approved combat ocular trauma tracking study. Subjects with anterior segment ocular injury were imaged, when possible, using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), confocal microscopy (CM), and slit lamp biomicroscopy.Results. Images captured from participants with combat ocular trauma on different systems provided comprehensive and alternate views of anterior segment injury to investigators.Conclusion. In combat-related trauma of the anterior segment, adjunct image acquisition enhances slit lamp examination and enables real timeIn vivoobservation of the cornea facilitating injury characterization, progression, and management.

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Hersh, Peter S., and Kenneth R. Kenyon. "ANTERIOR SEGMENT RECONSTRUCTION FOLLOWING OCULAR TRAUMA." International Ophthalmology Clinics 28, no. 1 (1988): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004397-198802810-00009.

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Morrison, John C., Wolf H. Fahrenbach, David R. Bacon, David J. Wilson, and E. Michael Van Buskirk. "Microvasculature of the ocular anterior segment." Microscopy Research and Technique 33, no. 6 (1996): 480–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19960415)33:6<480::aid-jemt2>3.0.co;2-p.

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Goldich, Yakov, Michael Cooper, Yaniv Barkana, et al. "Ocular anterior segment changes in pregnancy." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 40, no. 11 (2014): 1868–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.02.042.

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Cortez, Maria A., Gian P. Giuliari, Luis Escaf, Sonia Escaf, and Claudia Vidal. "Ocular cysticercosis of the anterior segment." Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 11, no. 6 (2007): 628–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2007.07.003.

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Fabrikantov, O. L., S. I. Nikolashin, and E. S. Pirogova. "Diagnostic Value of Modern Methods of Ocular Anterior Segment Visualization in Intumescent Cataract." Ophthalmology in Russia 16, no. 3 (2019): 350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2019-3-350-354.

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Purpose: tо evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of optical coherence tomography (OCT), Scheimpflug camera and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in examining topography of the ocular anterior segment and lens in mature intumescent cataract. Patients and methods. 23 eyes with mature intumescent cataract were examined using OCT (RTVue-100, Optovue, USA), Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam HR, Oculus, Germany) and UBM (UD 8000, Tomey, Japan). We examined the anterior chamber depth, profile and magnitude of the anterior chamber angle, distance “trabecula-iris at 500 microns”, thickness of the liquid lenticular mass layer, lens thickness, Zinn ligament length within four segments, equatorial angle. Results. We managed to measure the anterior chamber depth using UBM and Scheimpflug camera. UBM measurement was 1.96 ± 0.14 mm, Scheimpflug camera — 1.91 ± 0.11 mm. We revealed narrowing of the anterior chamber angle up to 11.54 ± 2.19° in UMB examination, to 11.49 ± 2.17° in OCT measuring and to 11.63 ± 2.21° in examining by Scheimpflug camera. Distance “trabecula-iris 500” was 0.212 ± 0.037 mm in UMB examination, 0.218 ± 0.042 mm — by means of OCT, Scheimpflug camera measurement was unsuccessful. The rest parameters were examined only by UBM. The lens thickness was 5.26 ± 0.13 mm. The anterior layer of liquid lenticular mass was 0.85 ± 0.06 mm. Zinn ligament length in the outer segment was 0.708 ± 0.072 mm, in the internal segment — 0.731 ± 0.089 mm, in the superior segment — 0.704 ± 0.084 mm, in the inferior segment — 0.876 ± 0.089 mm. The equatorial angle in two opposite segments was 32.52 ± 0.92°. Conclusion. Ultrasound biomicroscopy has the biggest value in examining topography of the ocular anterior segment and lens in mature intumescent cataract, since only this method allows achieving the whole complex of data necessary to evaluate the swelling lens parameters. This can serve as a basis for developing the appropriate tactics of surgical intervention.

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Nguyen, Quang Le, Samuel Benjamin Reynolds, Niloofar Piri, and Hiram L. Rivas Perez. "Ophthalmic anterior segment metastasis masquerading as uveitis." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 3 (2021): e236405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-236405.

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Ocular malignancies are rare, with many cancers of the eye being the result of metastases, the most common of which result from primary tumours of breast, lung and gastrointestinal tract. Diagnosis is often made at a late stage in the disease course, leading to poorer outcomes. Disease-directed therapy in the presence of ocular metastases varies based on the primary tumour and patient performance status but generally involves systemic treatment, either with chemotherapy or involved-field radiation. We herein present an interesting case of ocular malignancy with neuroendocrine small cell features of pulmonary origin in a patient with no prior oncological history. Meticulous ophthalmic examination led to the diagnosis of small cell lung carcinoma with anterior segment metastasis. The patient underwent six cycles of systemic chemotherapy with a favourable response, resulting in improvement in vision and regression of the ocular lesion.

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Füst, Ágnes, Jeannette Tóth, László Imre, and Zoltán Zsolt Nagy. "Non-malignant conjunctival epithelial masses with ocular surface squamous neoplasia-like optical coherence tomography features." International Ophthalmology 41, no. 5 (2021): 1827–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10792-021-01743-y.

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Abstract Purpose To observe and describe the anterior segment optical coherence tomography features of limbally localised non-malignant epithelial mass lesions Methods Thirteen patients (age: 66.9 ± 16.3 years) with conjunctival mass suggesting ocular surface squamous neoplasia with biomicroscopic examination were imaged using anterior segment ocular coherence tomography (anterior segment optical coherence tomography)/Cirrus HD-OCT, Model 4000, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA, and Spectralis HRA + OCT system, Heidelberg Engineering, Vista, CA/. Cases with ocular surface squamous neoplasia-like anterior segment optical coherence tomography (hyperreflective, thickened epithelium and an abrupt transition from normal to abnormal) were included in the study. Maximal thickness of the epithelium was measured. Histological diagnosis was gained from an excisional or incisional biopsy or impression cytology specimens. Results In six patients (age: 68.5 ± 15.4 years) with ocular surface squamous neoplasia-like anterior segment optical coherence tomography features, the histological diagnosis was other than ocular surface squamous neoplasia (papilloma, parakeratosis and a keratotic plaque with mild dysplasia), and ocular surface squamous neoplasia in seven cases (age: 65.6 ± 18.0 years). The maximal epithelial thickness was between 250 and 859 µm in non-ocular surface squamous neoplasia cases and between 252 and 596 µm in ocular surface squamous neoplasia cases. Conclusion Non-malignant epithelial lesions can mimic ocular surface squamous neoplasia on anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

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Maruyama, Yasuhiro, Shoji Kishi, Yo Kamei, Ryo Shimizu, and Yasutaka Kimura. "Infrared angiography of the anterior ocular segment." Survey of Ophthalmology 39 (May 1995): S40—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6257(05)80072-4.

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Huerva, Valentin, Francisco J. Ascaso, and Andrzej Grzybowski. "Diabetic Ocular Surface and Anterior Segment Pathology." Journal of Ophthalmology 2019 (August 14, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5951398.

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Miller, Jeff. "Metastatic ocular tumors of the anterior segment." Optometry - Journal of the American Optometric Association 79, no. 4 (2008): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optm.2007.10.011.

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Cozzi, Mariano, Giovanni Staurenghi, and Alessandro Invernizzi. "Anterior Segment and Ocular Adnexa OCT Angiography." Ophthalmology 127, no. 2 (2020): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.10.010.

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Reed, Matthew D., and David S. Chu. "Immunomodulatory therapy for anterior segment ocular inflammation." Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2, no. 5 (2002): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00130832-200210000-00011.

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&NA;. "Anterior segment ocular onchocerciasis reduced by ivermectin." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 813 (1991): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199108130-00035.

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Clark, Charles V., and Roy Mapstone. "Anterior segment autonomic dysfunction in ocular hypertension." Documenta Ophthalmologica 64, no. 2 (1987): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00159994.

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Eter, N., S. Garbe, D. Pauleit, T. Schüttoff, and H. Schüller. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis of Anterior and Posterior Eye Segment Displacement during Ocular Gaze Shifts." European Journal of Ophthalmology 13, no. 2 (2003): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067210301300212.

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Purpose To determine the relationship between movements of the posterior and anterior eye segments during arbitrary gaze shifts and to obtain information for monitoring fixation during radiotherapy for ocular diseases. Methods We examined eye movements of ten emmetropic volunteers in a 1.5 T magnetic resonance system. Using a T2-weighted ultrafast turbo-spin echo sequence (UTSE), the eyes were examined within 21 seconds. Sagittal and transversal eye slices were obtained in five passages in five gaze directions (straight ahead, 15° above, 15° below, 15° right and 15° left of the primary position). Displacement of the posterior eye segment was analyzed in relation to the movement of the anterior segment in all directions. Results The relationship between the movements of the anterior and posterior eye segment was 1:0.8 (± 0.06 SD) during horizontal gaze shifts and 1:1.16 (± 0.11 SD) during vertical gaze shifts. Conclusions Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the relationship between anterior and posterior eye segments was different during horizontal and vertical eye movements, indicating the presence of more than one center of rotation. Compared to the anterior eye segment, there was less displacement of the posterior eye segment during horizontal eye movements and more displacement during vertical eye movements.

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Sakti, Fazella Kirara. "Anterior Segment Examination with Slit-Lamp Biomicroscope: What Should be Highlighted?" European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 3, no. 5 (2021): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.5.1021.

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Ocular health assessment consists of various types of examinations that aim to find pathological conditions in the eye so that it helps ophthalmologists to diagnose and provide therapy for ocular disorders suffered by the patients. Slit-lamp biomicroscope is one of the most important eye assessments and has become the standard in assessing the pathological condition of the anterior part of the eye. This examination is performed using a stereoscopic biomicroscope instrument in combination with a bright illumination source. The results of the anterior segment examination using slit-lamp biomicroscope may provide more detailed ocular findings, such as the abnormalities of the eyelid, conjunctival lesions, abnormalities of the cornea, lens, or other parts of the anterior ocular segments. Therefore, the ability to examine slit-lamp biomicroscope is essential for the ophthalmologist. This review will discuss the eye examination using slit-lamp biomicroscope and the findings that will make it easier for clinicians to determine the direction of diagnostic approach in ocular patients.

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Han, Sang Beom, Yu-Chi Liu, Karim Mohamed Noriega, and Jodhbir S. Mehta. "Applications of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Cornea and Ocular Surface Diseases." Journal of Ophthalmology 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4971572.

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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noncontact technology that produces high-resolution cross-sectional images of ocular tissues. Anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT) enables the precise visualization of anterior segment structure; thus, it can be used in various corneal and ocular surface disorders. In this review, the authors will discuss the application of AS-OCT for diagnosis and management of various corneal and ocular surface disorders. Use of AS-OCT for anterior segment surgery and postoperative management will also be discussed. In addition, application of the device for research using human data and animal models will be introduced.

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Bhandari, Mahak S., Dheeraj Sapkal, Sarika A. Gadekar, and Supriya A. Deshpande. "To study ocular findings in chronic kidney disease patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra." Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 7, no. 2 (2021): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2021.081.

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We aim to assess the association of ocular manifestations with chronic kidney disease and correlating it with the stages of chronic kidney disease.It was a cross-sectional study carried out in tertiary medical college in Central Maharashtra. A total of 84 patients were examined over a period of 18 months. Detailed ocular and systemic examinations were undertaken. Dilated fundus evaluation was done with slit lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Positive anterior and posterior segment findings were noted. Out of 168 eyes of 84 patients, 111 eyes had posterior segment involvement, 25 eyes had anterior segment involvement and 22 eyes had both anterior and posterior segment involvement. Most common posterior segment pathology was hypertensive retinopathy followed by diabetic retinopathy. Anterior segment findings did not correlate with the stage of the disease whereas severe stage of diabetic retinopathy was present in later stages of chronic kidney disease. Present study showed a strong association of ocular manifestation in chronic kidney disease. Ocular involvement in CKD patients if not detected early can lead to permanent and irreversible visual loss, therefore pressing the need for ophthalmic examination in such cases.

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Threlkeld, Anisa B., Tony Fahd, Matthew Camp, and Maribeth H. Johnson. "Telemedical evaluation of ocular adnexa and anterior segment." American Journal of Ophthalmology 127, no. 4 (1999): 464–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(98)00355-9.

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Cholkar, Kishore, Sulabh P. Patel, Aswani Dutt Vadlapudi, and Ashim K. Mitra. "Novel Strategies for Anterior Segment Ocular Drug Delivery." Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 29, no. 2 (2013): 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jop.2012.0200.

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He, Xu, Nathaniel L. Simmons, and Rachel A. F. Wozniak. "Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Ocular Argyrosis." Cornea 39, no. 11 (2020): 1433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ico.0000000000002323.

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Ong, Sally S., Gargi K. Vora, and Preeya K. Gupta. "Anterior Segment Imaging in Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia." Journal of Ophthalmology 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5435092.

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Recent advances in anterior segment imaging have transformed the way ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is diagnosed and monitored. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) has been reported to be useful primarily in the assessment of intraocular invasion and metastasis.In vivoconfocal microscopy (IVCM) shows enlarged and irregular nuclei with hyperreflective cells in OSSN lesions and this has been found to correlate with histopathology findings. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) demonstrates thickened hyperreflective epithelium with an abrupt transition between abnormal and normal epithelium in OSSN lesions and this has also been shown to mimic histopathology findings. Although there are limitations to each of these imaging modalities, they can be useful adjunctive tools in the diagnosis of OSSN and could greatly assist the clinician in the management of OSSN patients. Nevertheless, anterior segment imaging has not replaced histopathology’s role as the gold standard in confirming diagnosis.

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Reneker, L. W., D. W. Silversides, L. Xu, and P. A. Overbeek. "Formation of corneal endothelium is essential for anterior segment development - a transgenic mouse model of anterior segment dysgenesis." Development 127, no. 3 (2000): 533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.3.533.

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The anterior segment of the vertebrate eye is constructed by proper spatial development of cells derived from the surface ectoderm, which become corneal epithelium and lens, neuroectoderm (posterior iris and ciliary body) and cranial neural crest (corneal stroma, corneal endothelium and anterior iris). Although coordinated interactions between these different cell types are presumed to be essential for proper spatial positioning and differentiation, the requisite intercellular signals remain undefined. We have generated transgenic mice that express either transforming growth factor (alpha) (TGF(alpha)) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the ocular lens using the mouse (alpha)A-crystallin promoter. Expression of either growth factor alters the normal developmental fate of the innermost corneal mesenchymal cells so that these cells often fail to differentiate into corneal endothelial cells. Both sets of transgenic mice subsequently manifest multiple anterior segment defects, including attachment of the iris and lens to the cornea, a reduction in the thickness of the corneal epithelium, corneal opacity, and modest disorganization in the corneal stroma. Our data suggest that formation of a corneal endothelium during early ocular morphogenesis is required to prevent attachment of the lens and iris to the corneal stroma, therefore permitting the normal formation of the anterior segment.

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Perez-Garmendia, Roxanna, Alicia Lopez de Eguileta Rodriguez, Ivan Ramos-Martinez, et al. "Interplay between Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Amyloidosis in the Anterior Segment of the Eye; Its Pathological Implications." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (June 3, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6286105.

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There are different pathologies associated with amyloidogenic processes caused by the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the overactivation of inflammatory responses. These alterations are present in different regions of the anterior segment of the eye, and they have been associated with the development and progression of ocular pathologies, such as glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, keratitis, and cataracts among other pathologies. Aim. To discuss briefly the anatomical characteristics of the anterior segment of the eye and describe the interaction between oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory responses, emphasizing the misfolding of several proteins leading to amyloidogenic processes occurring in the anterior segment and their implications in the development of ocular diseases. We performed a search on PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase using the MeSH terms “eye,” “anterior segment”, “inflammation”, “oxidative stress”, and “amyloidosis”. The search encompassed manuscripts published up to April 2019. A hundred forty-four published studies met the inclusion criteria. We present the current knowledge regarding the interaction between OS and the activation of inflammatory processes and how both can cause conformational changes in several peptides and proteins in each compartment of the anterior segment. However, we found that there is no consensus about which factor is the first to cause amyloidosis. Our conclusions suggest that there is an interplay among these factors forming a vicious cycle that leads to the loss of protein structure in ocular pathologies, and multifactorial therapies should be developed to avoid protein misfolding and to stop the progression of ocular pathologies.

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Streilein, J. Wayne, Debbie Bradley, and Yoichiro Sano. "Immunosuppressive properties of tissues of the ocular anterior segment." Ocular Immunology and Inflammation 4, no. 1 (1996): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09273949609069128.

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Harris, William F. "Optical effects of ocular surgery including anterior segment surgery." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 27, no. 1 (2001): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0886-3350(00)00803-8.

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Takkar, Brijesh, Manzoor U. Mehdi, Nasreen R. Ahmed, Parijat Chandra, and Murugesan Vanathi. "Anterior segment optical coherence tomography of live ocular cysticercosis." Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology 42, no. 9 (2014): 896–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ceo.12339.

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Ozbek-Uzman, Selma, Gulten Karatas Sungur, Zuleyha Yalniz-Akkaya, Gozde Orman, Ayse Burcu, and Firdevs Ornek. "Anterior segment parameters in Behçet’s patients with ocular involvement." International Ophthalmology 40, no. 6 (2020): 1387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10792-020-01304-9.

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Gatzioufas, Zisis, Georgios D. Panos, David Tabibian, and Farhad Hafezi. "Ocular anterior segment changes and corneal biomechanics in pregnancy." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 41, no. 2 (2015): 480–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.12.041.

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Wang, Yuanyuan, Yilei Shao, and Yimin Yuan. "Simultaneously measuring ocular aberration and anterior segment biometry during accommodation." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 08, no. 02 (2015): 1550005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545815500054.

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In the human eye, accommodation is essential for functional vision. However, the mechanisms regulating accommodation and the ocular parameters affecting aberrations remain to be explored. In order to measure the alterations of ocular aberration and crystalline lens biometry during dynamic accommodative stimuli, we designed an optical coherence tomography with ultra-long penetration depth (UL-OCT) combined with a Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS). This integrated set up measures human eye's anterior segment as well as monochromatic high-order aberrations (HOAs) with 6 μm resolution and (1/20) λ accuracy. A total of 10 healthy volunteers without ocular diseases were examined. Upon exposure to accommodative stimuli, the wavefront aberrations became larger. Among the anterior segment biometry, the anterior crystalline lens demonstrated significant curvature during accommodation and was the major cause of high-order aberration. These findings suggest that the front surface of the crystalline lens can significantly affect variation among aberrations, which is a key factor underlying the quality of human vision.

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Singh, Prabhakar, Abhishek Gupta, and Richa Gupta. "Anterior Segment Findings in Ocular Myocysticercosis in Children: Is it non- specific?" Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 13, no. 1 (2021): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v13i1.28452.

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Ocular cysticercosis is a preventable cause of blindness. Medical therapy has been recommended for the retro-orbital and extraocular muscle form. Surgical management is largely done in cases with conjunctival or lid affliction. Though, the medical management is simple; however, the diagnosis is challenging. The anterior segment findings often mimic the more common pathologies and hence often missed at the early stage. This case series of 3 pediatric patients, tries to highlight certain clinical clues which are suggestive of ocular myocysticercosis in children. Literature often recalls anterior segment findings in ocular myocysticercosis as “non- specific and nondiagnostic”. Canthal congestion and contiguous conjunctival congestion extending upto corresponding limbal border in absence of anterior chamber inflammation with other clinical clues are very suggestive of corresponding recti myocysticercosis.

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Shivanna, Mahesh, Manisha Anand, Subhabrata Chakrabarti, and Hemant Khanna. "Ocular Ciliopathies: Genetic and Mechanistic Insights into Developing Therapies." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 17 (2019): 3120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180917102557.

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Developing suitable medicines for genetic diseases requires a detailed understanding of not only the pathways that cause the disease, but also the identification of the genetic components involved in disease manifestation. This article focuses on the complexities associated with ocular ciliopathies – a class of debilitating disorders of the eye caused by ciliary dysfunction. Ciliated cell types have been identified in both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Photoreceptors (rods and cones) are the most studied ciliated neurons in the retina, which is located in the posterior eye. The photoreceptors contain a specialized lightsensing outer segment, or cilium. Any defects in the development or maintenance of the outer segment can result in severe retinal ciliopathies, such as retinitis pigmentosa and Leber congenital amaurosis. A role of cilia in the cell types involved in regulating aqueous fluid outflow in the anterior segment of the eye has also been recognized. Defects in these cell types are frequently associated with some forms of glaucoma. Here, we will discuss the significance of understanding the genetic heterogeneity and the pathogenesis of ocular ciliopathies to develop suitable treatment strategies for these blinding disorders.

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Hothi, Hemal S., Neepa R. Gohil, Nilesh V. Parekh, and Sagar S. Patel. "A prevalence study of ocular manifestations in HIV positive patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 7 (2019): 2950. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192831.

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Background: Among 40 million cases worldwide, 50-75% of patients have at least one ocular manifestation in their lifetime. Many of ocular infections are treatable with therapeutic agents. Ocular manifestations invariably reflect systemic disease and can be the initial manifestations of HIV in many cases. Understanding of ocular sequel of HIV infection can lead to the early diagnosis and effective treatment. This study emphasizes on the need of developing a specific ophthalmic examination for the management of ocular manifestations in HIV infected patients.Methods: Cross sectional and observational study of 100 HIV positive participants on HAART were done irrespective of presence or absence of ocular symptoms. Participants were examined for complete ocular examination. Prevalence find out using chi-square test, find p values and ensuring statistical significance.Results: In our study, prevalence of ocular manifestation in HIV positive patients receiving HAART was 39%. Out of them, 20% adnexal involvement, 28% anterior segment involvement, 33% posterior segment involvement, 11% neuro-ophthalmic abnormality, 4% orbital involvement were present. 76% patients belonged to WHO clinical stage 2 and 3. 51% had CD4+ T cell counts <200 cells/µl.Conclusions: Posterior segment followed by anterior segment are the most commonly encountered ocular manifestations of HIV infection. Low CD4 count is good predictor for ocular manifestations in HIV positive patients. Higher WHO stage is also directly related with the severity of the ocular symptoms. Routine baseline ophthalmic screening to all HIV positive patients are necessary to prevent ocular morbidity.

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Mikalauskiene, Lina, Andrzej Grzybowski, and Reda Zemaitiene. "Ocular Surface Changes Associated with Ophthalmic Surgery." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 8 (2021): 1642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081642.

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Dry eye disease causes ocular discomfort and visual disturbances. Older adults are at a higher risk of developing dry eye disease as well as needing for ophthalmic surgery. Anterior segment surgery may induce or worsen existing dry eye symptoms usually for a short-term period. Despite good visual outcomes, ocular surface dysfunction can significantly affect quality of life and, therefore, lower a patient’s satisfaction with ophthalmic surgery. Preoperative dry eye disease, factors during surgery and postoperative treatment may all contribute to ocular surface dysfunction and its severity. We reviewed relevant articles from 2010 through to 2021 using keywords “cataract surgery”, ”phacoemulsification”, ”refractive surgery”, ”trabeculectomy”, ”vitrectomy” in combination with ”ocular surface dysfunction”, “dry eye disease”, and analyzed studies on dry eye disease pathophysiology and the impact of anterior segment surgery on the ocular surface.

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Serpen, Jasmine Y., Stephen T. Armenti, and Lev Prasov. "Immunogenetics of the Ocular Anterior Segment: Lessons from Inherited Disorders." Journal of Ophthalmology 2021 (June 28, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6691291.

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Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases cause morbidity in multiple organ systems including the ocular anterior segment. Genetic disorders of the innate and adaptive immune system present an avenue to study more common inflammatory disorders and host-pathogen interactions. Many of these Mendelian disorders have ophthalmic manifestations. In this review, we highlight the ophthalmic and molecular features of disorders of the innate immune system. A comprehensive literature review was performed using PubMed and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases spanning 1973–2020 with a focus on three specific categories of genetic disorders: RIG-I-like receptors and downstream signaling, inflammasomes, and RNA processing disorders. Tissue expression, clinical associations, and animal and functional studies were reviewed for each of these genes. These genes have broad roles in cellular physiology and may be implicated in more common conditions with interferon upregulation including systemic lupus erythematosus and type 1 diabetes. This review contributes to our understanding of rare inherited conditions with ocular involvement and has implications for further characterizing the effect of perturbations in integral molecular pathways.

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Takayama, Kei, Atushi Tanaka, Sho Ishikawa, Manabu Mochizuki, and Masaru Takeuchi. "Comparison between Outcomes of Vitrectomy in Granulomatous and Nongranulomatous Uveitis." Ophthalmologica 235, no. 1 (2015): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000441255.

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of vitrectomy in granulomatous uveitis and nongranulomatous uveitis insufficiently managed by immunosuppressive therapy. Methods: Thirty-eight eyes with granulomatous uveitis and 17 eyes with nongranulomatous uveitis that underwent vitrectomy for ocular complications between July 2006 and August 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Visual acuity and ocular inflammation scores before and 6 months after surgery were compared. Patients treated with vitrectomy alone and those in whom vitrectomy was combined with phacoemulsification were analyzed separately. Results: The mean visual acuity improved significantly both in granulomatous and nongranulomatous uveitis. In granulomatous uveitis, the mean inflammation scores decreased significantly both in the anterior segment and in the posterior segment. In nongranulomatous uveitis, the mean inflammation score in the posterior segment decreased significantly, although it did not change in the anterior segment. Conclusion: Vitrectomy was effective for treating ocular complications both in granulomatous uveitis and nongranulomatous uveitis, with favorable outcomes of improved visual acuity and decreased uveitis activity.

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Li, Alexa L., Donald Grant, Michael Gbakie, et al. "Ophthalmic manifestations and vision impairment in Lassa fever survivors." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0243766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243766.

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The purpose of this study was to describe the ocular findings, structural ocular complications, and vision impairment in a cohort of Lassa fever survivors in Kenema, Sierra Leone. A retrospective, uncontrolled, cross-sectional study of 31 Lassa fever survivors (62 eyes) who underwent an ophthalmic evaluation in January 2018 at the Kenema Government Hospital in Kenema, Sierra Leone was performed. Data collection included demographic information, ocular/systemic symptoms, visual acuity (VA), and ophthalmic examination findings. Main outcome measures included anterior and posterior segment ophthalmic manifestations and level of VA impairment in Lassa fever survivors. Anterior segment findings included cataract (18%) and pterygium (2%), while posterior segment manifestations consisted of glaucoma (6%), preretinal hemorrhage (2%), and lattice degeneration (2%). Findings suggestive of prior sequelae of uveitis included chorioretinal scarring (5%), retinal fibrosis (3%), and vitreous opacity (2%). Visual acuity was normal/mildly impaired in 53 eyes (85%), moderately impaired in 6 eyes (10%), and 3 eyes (5%) were considered blind by the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Median VA was worse in Lassa fever survivors with ophthalmic disease findings (p<0.0001) for both anterior segment (p<0.0001) and posterior segment disease (p<0.013). Untreated cataract was a significant cause of visual acuity impairment (p<0.0001). Lassa fever survivors in this cohort were found to have cataract and posterior segment findings that potentially represent sequelae of uveitis associated with visual impairment. Future studies are warranted to improve our understanding of the spectrum of ocular disease in this emerging infectious disease of public health consequence.

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Suárez - Saona, Pablo. "Analysis of the Ocular Surface Prior to Anterior Segment Surgery." Highlights of Ophthalmology 46, no. 3ENG (2018): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/highlights-46-3-21.

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Liu, Pu, and Randy L. Johnson. "Function of Lmx1b in the development of ocular anterior segment." Developmental Biology 295, no. 1 (2006): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.04.188.

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Singh, Neha, Jolly Rohatgi, and Vinod Kumar. "A Prospective Study of Anterior Segment Ocular Parameters in Anisometropia." Korean Journal of Ophthalmology 31, no. 2 (2017): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/kjo.2017.31.2.165.

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de Paula Freitas, Bruno, Andrea Zin, Albert Ko, Maurício Maia, Camila V. Ventura, and Rubens Belfort. "Anterior-Segment Ocular Findings and Microphthalmia in Congenital Zika Syndrome." Ophthalmology 124, no. 12 (2017): 1876–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.06.009.

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Kenyon, Kenneth R., Tomy Starck, and Peter S. Hersh. "Penetrating Keratoplasty and Anterior Segment Reconstruction for Severe Ocular Trauma." Ophthalmology 99, no. 3 (1992): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(92)31961-x.

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Penner, Victor, and Guillermo Rocha. "Use of the Visante for Anterior Segment Ocular Coherence Tomography." Techniques in Ophthalmology 5, no. 2 (2007): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ito.0b013e31806f4b4c.

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Ma, Alan, Saira Yousoof, John R. Grigg, et al. "Revealing hidden genetic diagnoses in the ocular anterior segment disorders." Genetics in Medicine 22, no. 10 (2020): 1623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41436-020-0854-x.

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Shuler, James D., Robert E. Engstrom, and Gary N. Holland. "EXTERNAL OCULAR DISEASE AND ANTERIOR SEGMENT DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH AIDS." International Ophthalmology Clinics 29, no. 2 (1989): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004397-198902920-00007.

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D'HAENE, B. "Study of candidate genes for ocular anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD)." Acta Ophthalmologica 86 (September 2008): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2008.6341.x-i1.

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Erickson-Lamy, Kristine, Johannes W. Rohen, and W. Morton Grant. "Outflow facility studies in the perfused human ocular anterior segment." Experimental Eye Research 52, no. 6 (1991): 723–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4835(91)90024-9.

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Sari, Masitha Dewi. "Trabeculectomy in Staphyloma Eye with High Intraocular Pressure Following Ocular Trauma – A Case Report." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, T3 (2021): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6313.

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BACKGROUND: Ocular trauma may alter the anterior segment condition that may lead to secondary glaucomas such as inflammation, hyphema, angle recession, and lens subluxation. One of the most common procedures to decrease intraocular pressure (IOP) is trabeculectomy by creating pathways that allow aqueous humor to flow out of the anterior chamber. Scleral tissue destruction can cause damage in thin areas (such as posterior to the rectus muscle insertions) as in case of scleritis. CASE REPORT: An 11-year-old boy presented to the Ophthalmology Department of Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital with a bigger white grayish mass and blurry vision. There was a history of the left ocular trauma 6 years ago, followed by redness of the eye, but not treated properly. On the general examination, the patient’s left eyes looked cloudy. On ocular examination, the left eye visual acuity was 1/300 and IOP was 28 mmHg. Segment anterior examination showed staphyloma from 9 to 12 o’clock, conjunctival injection, corneal scar, shallow anterior chamber, and cloudy lens. We could not asses the posterior segment due to cloudy media. We gave anti-glaucoma medication for 1 month, but the IOP did not decrease. We performed a trabeculectomy to control IOP and to prevent staphyloma from getting bigger. CONCLUSION: Trabeculectomy was an effective procedure to control IOP in a staphyloma eye following ocular trauma.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Anterior ocular segment'

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