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Journal articles on the topic 'Anthracnose disease'
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1
Perdani, Ambar Yuswi, Yashanti Berlinda Paradisa, Wahyuni Wahyuni, Sri Indrayani, Yuli Sulistyowati, and Yani Cahyani. "RESPONSE OF SIX CHILI VARIETIES TO ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE CAUSED BY Colletotrichum acutatum AND C. gloeosporiodes." JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 21, no. 2 (August 6, 2021): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jhptt.221144-150.
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Response of six chili varieties to anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporiodes. Chili is one of the horticultural commodities with high economic value. Chili production is constrained by anthracnose diseases. Losses due to anthracnose can reduce the fruits quality and yields lose. This study aims to determine the resistance of several chili varieties to anthracnose. Genetic material was used six varieties of chili. Ripe chilies were inoculated with two types of Colletotrichum isolates, i.e. C. acutatum and C. gleosporides. The experiment was arranged in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor were chili varieties: Laris, SSP, Habanero, Cibinong, Ekasari, and Kopay. The second factor was two types of fungal isolates. Observations were made on the incidence and severity of disease due to anthracnose. The results showed that both fungal isolates were effective in causing anthracnose disease in chilies. Habanero was very susceptible to anthracnose. Laris and Ekasari were moderately resistant to anthracnose diseases. These findings are important to develop new Capsicum cultivars that are more adaptive to anthracnose disease.
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Sucianto, Eddy Tri, Muachiroh Abbas, and Endang Sri Purwati. "Anthracnose Disease on Vegetables Crops in Serang Village, District of Karangreja, Purbalingga Regency." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 12, no. 1 (April 23, 2020): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i1.21818.
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Various vegetables are widely cultivated in Serang Village, District of Karangreja, Purbalingga Regency. This village is located at 1350 above sea level. Vegetable productions in Serang are often constrained by the presence of diseases caused by pathogenic fungi Colletotrichum sp. called anthracnose. However, there was no data regarding anthracnose attack in vegetable crops in Serang. This study aimed to find out the types of vegetable that were attacked by anthracnose disease as well as the intensity of the attack in a vegetable crops in Serang Village, Karangreja District, Purbalingga Regency. Vegetables with anthracnose were purposively selected from 10 different locations. The anthracnose disease was identified based on their symptoms and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that five different vegetable crops suffer from anthracnose, and the intensity of anthracnose ranges from 32% up to 52%. Those intensity percentages indicate that large part of vegetable crops in Serang Village was attacked by anthracnose and possibly cause a significant decrease in vegetable production in that village. Our results provide the first scientific data about anthracnose attack in Serang Village. The data is essential for the management of vegetable crops in Serang Village.
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Lopes, Daniela B., and Richard D. Berger. "The Effects of Rust and Anthracnose on the Photosynthetic Competence of Diseased Bean Leaves." Phytopathology® 91, no. 2 (February 2001): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.2.212.
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The effects of rust (caused by Uromyces appendiculatus) and anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) and their interaction on the photosynthetic rates of healthy and diseased bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaves were determined by gas-exchange analysis, in plants with each disease, grown under controlled conditions. The equation Px/P0 = (1 - x)β was used to relate relative photosynthetic rate (Px/P0) to proportional disease severity (x), where β represents the ratio between virtual and visual lesion. The β values obtained for rust were near one, indicating that the effect of the pathogen on the remaining green leaf area was minimal. The high values of β obtained for anthracnose (8.46 and 12.18) indicated that the photosynthesis in the green area beyond the necrotic symptoms of anthracnose was severely impaired. The impact of anthracnose on bean leaf photosynthesis should be considered in assessments of the proportion of healthy tissue in diseased leaves. The accurate assessment of the healthy portion of the leaf could improve the use of concepts such as healthy leaf area duration and healthy leaf area absorption, which are valuable predictors of crop yield. The equation used to analyze the interaction between rust and anthracnose on the same leaf was Pz = P0 (1 - x)βx × (1 - y)βy, where Pz is the relative photosynthetic rate of any given leaf, P0 is the maximum relative photosynthetic rate, x is anthracnose severity, y is rust severity, βx is the β value for anthracnose in the presence of rust, and βy is the β value for rust in the presence of anthracnose. From the resulting response surface, no interaction of the two diseases was observed. Dark respiration rate increased on diseased leaves compared with control leaves. The remaining green leaf area of leaves with both diseases was not a good source to estimate net photosynthetic rate because the effect of anthracnose extended far beyond the visual lesions, whereas the effect of rust on photosynthesis was essentially limited to the pustule plus halo.
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Muli, Farastika Unjunan, Efri Efri, Muhammad Syamsoel Hadi, and Radix Suharjo. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN PUPUK MIKRO DAN BEBERAPA GENOTIPE SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) TERHADAP INTENSITAS PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA (Colletotrichum sp.) DI LAHAN PETANI TANJUNG BINTANG LAMPUNG SELATAN." Jurnal Agrotek Tropika 8, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jat.v8i2.3902.
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One of the diseases that often found in sorghum plants is anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum sp. The purposed of this study was to determine the effect of adding micro fertilizer and the use of several sorghum genotypes on the intensity of anthracnose disease. The study was conducted in Sukanegara, Tanjung Bintang, South Lampung in April 2017 - February 2018 and at the Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Pests, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The treatments were arranged using a randomized block design in a split plot design (3 times replications), the main plot was micro nutrients (with micro addition and without micro addition) and 15 subgroups of sorghum genotypes (Numbu, Samurai 1, GH3, UPCA, GH4, P / I WHP, GH6, Super 2, GH13, P / F 51-93-C, Super 1, GH5, Mandau, GH7, and Talaga Bodas). The results showed that the addition of "ZincMicro" micro fertilizers to sorghum plants did not affect the intensity of anthracnose disease, however there were differences in the intensity of anthracnose diseases between sorghum genotypes. Numbu Genotype, GH 3, and GH 13 were relatively more resistant to anthracnose disease than the other genotypes.
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Ridzuan, Raihana, Mohd Rafii, Siti Ismail, Martini Mohammad Yusoff, Gous Miah, and Magaji Usman. "Breeding for Anthracnose Disease Resistance in Chili: Progress and Prospects." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 3122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103122.
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Chili anthracnose is one of the most devastating fungal diseases affecting the quality and yield production of chili. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge concerning the chili anthracnose disease, as well as to explore the use of marker-assisted breeding programs aimed at improving anthracnose disease resistance in this species. This disease is caused by the Colletotrichum species complex, and there have been ongoing screening methods of chili pepper genotypes with resistance to anthracnose in the field, as well as in laboratories. Conventional breeding involves phenotypic selection in the field, and it is more time-consuming compared to molecular breeding. The use of marker-assisted selection (MAS) on the basis of inheritance, the segregation ratio of resistance to susceptibility, and the gene-controlling resistance may contribute to the development of an improved chili variety and speed up the selection process, while also reducing genetic drag in the segregating population. More importantly, by using molecular markers, the linkage groups are determined dominantly and co-dominantly, meaning that the implementation of a reliable method to produce resistant varieties is crucial in future breeding programs. This updated information will offer a supportive direction for chili breeders to develop an anthracnose-resistant chili variety.
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Sa'diyah, Nyimas, Adawiah Adawiah, Ibnu Prasojo, Rugayah Rugayah, and Suskandini Ratih Dirmawati. "GENOTYPIC SELECTION ON RED CHILI PLANTS RESISTANT TO ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE AT M2 GENERATION." JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 18, no. 2 (August 8, 2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.218151-159.
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Genotypic selection on red chili palnts resistant to anthracnose disease at m2 generation. A superior anthracnose resistant cultivar was sought to overcome the low production due to anthracnose in red chili. For the development of superior cultivars, it was necessary to select genotypes that were resistant to anthracnose. Selection effectiveness was determined by wide diversity and high reliability. The purpose of this study was to see the diversity and heritability of agronomic characters and resistance to anthracnose on chili plants, and to select genotypes that were resistant to anthracnose. This research was conducted with a design without repetition. The plant material used was the seed of the results of gamma ray mutations in generation M2. The results of this study were: the broad diversity of phenotypes found in all characters observed, while all characters of the genotype observed had broad criteria except plant height at flowering and harvest, and at seedling period. The genotype that should be planted in the next generation was genotype number 136. Genotype number 136 was very resistant to anthracnose infection.
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., Nurbailis, Martinius ., and Rizka Naipinta. "KESINTASAN BEBERAPA JAMUR ANTAGONIS PADA BUAH CABAI DAN POTENSINYA DALAM MENEKAN PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA YANG DISEBABKAN OLEH COLLETOTRICHUM GLOEOSPORIOIDES." JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 17, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.217162-169.
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Persistence of several antagonistic fungus on chilli and its potential to suppress anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Anthracnose disease caused by C. gloeosporioides is one of the important diseases on chilli because its directly gives negative impact on chilli production. The aim of this research was to obtain the superior antagonistic fungi that have ability to persist on chili fruit and potential to control anthracnose disease caused by C. gloeosporioides The experiment consist of two units: 1. Testing of persistence ability of antagonistic fungi on chilli fruit, 2. Testing the potential of antagonistic fungi to suppress anthracnose disease on chilli fruit. Both of the test used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and 4 replication, each of replication consist of 4 chilies fruit. Those treatments were Trichoderma-PP1, Trichoderma-PP3, Trichoderma-AG2, Trichoderma-PYK3, Paecilomyces-PP6, Paecilomyces-PP7, Paecilomyces-AG4, Paecilomyces-PYK4, Aspergillus PP2 and without antagonistic fungi (control). The result indicated that all antagonistic fungi isolate could persist on chili fruit. The highest persistence were Trichoderma-PP3 and TrichodermaAG2 (95.83%) and the lowest belonged to Paecilomyces-PP7 (50%). Trichoderma-PP3 and Trichoderma-AG2 were the best isolates for suppressing anthracnose disease caused by C. gloeosporioides.
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LIN, T. C., C. L. LIN, and J. W. HUANG. "Nonidet p-40, a novel inducer, activates cucumber disease resistance against cucumber anthracnose disease." Journal of Agricultural Science 152, no. 6 (October 7, 2013): 932–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859613000646.
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SUMMARYThe present study found that a protein lysis buffer, used for the extraction of proteins from cells, showed efficacy in reducing the disease severity of cucumber anthracnose, which is caused by the anthracnose fungus. The lysis buffer and its individual components were examined for their function in reducing disease development of cucumber anthracnose on cucumber plants. Nonidet P-40, a nonionic detergent commonly used to isolate cell membrane complexes, was the most effective component of the lysis buffer for disease control. The treatment of cucumber plants with Nonidet P-40 at a concentration of 50 μl/l suppressed development of cucumber anthracnose, but it did not inhibit spore germination of the fungus. Cucumber plants were inoculated with the pathogen 30 min after treatment with Nonidet P-40, and a reduction in disease severity was observed. Expression of genes related to disease resistance (acidic class III chitinase, phenylalanine ammonialyase 1, peroxidase and pathogenesis-related protein 1-1a) were also examined after plants were treated with Nonidet P-40 and inoculated with the pathogen. The results indicate that Nonidet P-40 functions as a trigger for a stereotypic defence response in cucumber plants, including an increase in the expression levels of genes related to disease resistance.
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Norton, J. D., G. E. Boyhan, and B. R. Abrahams. "NEW AU WATERMELONS." HortScience 27, no. 11 (November 1992): 1172g—1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1172g.
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Disease is a major factor limiting production of watermelons in Alabama. Gummy stem blight, anthracnose, and Fusarium wilt are three of the most serious diseases, causing reduced yields of melons in certain fields in Alabama. Although satisfactory control of gummy stem blight and anthracnose may be accomplished with the proper application of organic fungicides during normal weather conditions, no control measure is effective during periods of high humidity and high rainfall. The discovery that certain plant introductions were resistant to gummy stem blight and race 2 anthracnose led to development of multiple disease resistant breeding lines that produce high yields of excellent quality fruit. This research resulted in the 1991 release of AU-Golden Producer and Au-Sweet Scarlet varieties that are resistant to gummy stem blight, Fusarium wilt, and anthracnose (Colletotrichum laginarium race 2). Both melons are superior to current varieties of their type in yield, quality, and disease resistance.
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Denoyes-Rothan, B., M. Lafargue, G. Guerin, and M. Clerjeau. "Fruit Resistance to Colletotrichum acutatum in Strawberries." Plant Disease 83, no. 6 (June 1999): 549–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.6.549.
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Evaluation of strawberry resistance to anthracnose is generally limited to the crown rot phase of the disease. The major objective of this study was to develop a screening test for resistance to anthracnose fruit rot (Colletotrichum acutatum) using detached strawberries under controlled-environment conditions. Inoculation was carried out on detached fruits harvested at the stage when they were turning white-pink. Lesion diameter and percentage of diseased fruits (disease incidence) were measured. An incubation temperature of 18°C allowed a better discrimination between resistant and susceptible genotypes than 25°C. At 18°C and 8 days after inoculation, 26 genotypes differed greatly in susceptibility to anthracnose fruit rot, and lesion size ranged from 0 to 17 mm with disease incidence of 10 to 100%. A relationship between lesion size and disease incidence was established. The 26 genotypes were classified into three groups of susceptibility according to lesion size and percentage of diseased fruits. The susceptible group included nine genotypes with lesion sizes of 8.2 to 14.4 mm and 81 to 100% diseased fruits. In this group, Pajaro and Elsanta were the most susceptible. The four genotypes belonging to the resistant group, Dover, Capitola, US159, and US438, showed small fruit lesion sizes of 0.4 to 1.0 mm and a limited disease incidence (10 to 17%). The resistance of two genotypes to anthracnose fruit rot was evaluated under field conditions (plastic tunnel). The relatively resistant genotype, Sequoia, displayed reduced incidence of anthracnose fruit rot in the sections closest to the source of inoculum compared with the susceptible genotype Elsanta.
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Hassan, Mudasir, and Khurshid Ahmad. "Anthracnose Disease of Walnut- A Review." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 2, no. 5 (2017): 2319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/2.5.6.
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Nakova, Mariana. "ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE OF ROSES IN BULGARIA." Agricultural sciences 1, no. 1 (2009): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2009.01.003.
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Sunmola, Fatai O., and Olaide A. Agbolade. "Design of Shallow Neural Network Based Plant Disease Detection System." European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 5, no. 4 (July 10, 2021): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejece.2021.5.4.337.
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— In this work, we proposed the use of a shallow neural network for plant disease detection. The study focuses on four major diseases that are known to attack some of the most cultivated crops globally. The diseases considered include Bacterial Blight, Anthracnose, Cercospora leaf spot and Alternaria Alternata. In developing the disease detection model, K-means algorithm was used for plant segmentation while color co-occurrence method was used for feature analysis. A shallow neural network trained on 145 training samples was used as a classifier. The detection accuracy of 98.34 %, 98.48%, 98.03% and 98.14% were recorded for Bacterial Blight, Anthracnose, Cercospora leaf spot and Alternaria Alternata diseases respectively. The overall detection accuracy of the model is 98.25%.
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Hamim, I., MZ Alam, MA Ali, and M. Ashrafuzzaman. "Incidence of post-harvest fungal diseases of ripe papaya in Mymensingh." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 12, no. 1 (December 20, 2014): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21235.
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A survey was conducted during November, 2012 to May, 2013 to assess the status of major post harvest diseases of papaya fruits in the local markets of Mymensingh. Average percentage of diseased fruits at the markets were 29.83 and diseased fruits ranged from 20.40% to 38.04% during the study period. Highest percentage of diseased fruits (38.04%) was recorded in the month of May, 2013 followed by March, 2013 (37.98%). The minimum percentage of diseased fruits (20.40%) was recorded in January, 2013 followed by December (22.68%). Total six post-harvest diseases was recorded, viz. Anthracnose, Fusarium rot, Stem end rot, Rhizopus rot, Aspergillus rot and Penicillium rot. Anthracnose showed highest mean incidence (14.17 %) followed by Fusarium rot (7.26%) where as Pencillium rot showed lowest mean incidence (0.70%). In the market, anthracnose showed maximum percentage of mean disease abundance (46.11%) followed by Fusarium rot (24.61%). The findings of this study revealed that total six post-harvest diseases are associated with ripe papaya in different markets of Mymensingh. Moreover, May is the predominant month of highest incidence and abundance of all diseases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21235 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 25-28, June 2014
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Gao, Y. Y., X. X. Li, L. F. He, B. X. Li, W. Mu, and F. Liu. "Effect of Application Rate and Timing on Residual Efficacy of Pyraclostrobin in the Control of Pepper Anthracnose." Plant Disease 104, no. 3 (March 2020): 958–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-19-0435-re.
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Anthracnose is a devastating disease that seriously affects pepper production worldwide. Anthracnose management is currently a major problem because of the widespread and long period of infection of this disease. Therefore, determination of the optimal fungicide application timing is important for controlling anthracnose in a timely manner . In vitro sensitivity tests showed no significant difference in the pyraclostrobin sensitivity of Colletotrichum scovillei collected from 2016 and 2017, with mean half maximal effective concentration values of 0.349 to 0.542 and 0.0475 to 0.0639 mg/liter for the inhibition of mycelial growth and spore germination, respectively. Fungicide application initiated at the full-bloom stage could significantly delay anthracnose disease onset, decrease anthracnose incidence and development (23.67 to 89.80%), and increase pepper yield by 10.7 to 29.2%. In addition, the application dosage was decreased by >50%. BF-500-3, the main metabolite of pyraclostrobin, was detected in pepper fruit and exhibited high inhibitory activity against C. scovillei. The final residues of all fungicides at different application timing were below maximum residue limits. Moreover, structural equation modeling indicated that application timing plays the most important role in anthracnose disease inhibition. The tank mixtures of pyraclostrobin with tebuconazole and fludioxonil showed more satisfactory efficacy (69.87 to 78.36%) against anthracnose than did pyraclostrobin alone under field conditions. This study is the first to determine the best fungicide application timing for anthracnose management. These results establish the basis for sustainable development of the pepper industry.
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Zhao, Weifeng, Weixiu Yang, Ying Li, Junying Cao, Xiaohuan Yang, and Jinhu Ma. "The inhibitory effect of Eupatorium adenophorum extracts on the pathogen of postharvest disease of banana." E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 03038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018503038.
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The Colletotrichum musae and Fusarium semitectum Berk., Which often occur in banana after harvest were used as the targets. Three components with antibacterial activity extracted from the leaves of the plant were used as "fungicide". The antibacterial effect of the three component substances on the pathogens of anthracnose and shaft rot was studied. The results showed that the inhibitory rates of the components A, B and C at 2 mg / ml on the pathogens of banana anthracnose and shaft rot reached 82.53%, 79.91%, 78.30% and 82.2%, 78.69% and 81.17% respectively. The EC90 values of component A, B and C for banana anthracnose pathogens were 1.70, 1.85, and 1.69 mg / ml. Respectively, the EC90 values for banana shaft rot pathogens were 1.37, 1.38, and 1.64 mg / ml. The antibacterial effect of the three component substances on the pathogen of banana shaft rot was better than that of anthracnose. The three component substances have great potential for controlling post-harvest anthracnose and shaft rot of bananas.
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Erpelding, J. E. "Anthracnose field evaluation of sorghum germplasm from Botswana." Plant Protection Science 47, No. 4 (November 15, 2011): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/34/2010-pps.
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Sorghum anthracnose is a disease of worldwide importance and host-plant resistance is the most practical method of disease management. In this study, 154 sorghum accessions from the Botswana collection maintained by the United States National Plant Germplasm System were inoculated with Colletotrichum sublineolum and evaluated for disease resistance at the Tropical Agriculture Research Station in Isabela, Puerto Rico during 2007 and 2008. A resistant response was observed for 69 accessions in 2007 and for 48 accessions in 2008 with no acervuli development observed on inoculated leaves. The low frequency of resistant germplasm is expected from a region of low annual rainfall. However, disease severity was low for the susceptible accessions with a mean severity of 11% for the 85 susceptible accessions observed in 2007 and 17% for the 106 susceptible accessions identified in 2008. The highest frequency of resistant accessions was observed for the Ngamiland district with 58% of the accessions rated as resistant, whereas the frequency of resistant accessions ranged from 22% to 36% for the other districts. The lowest mean disease severity was also observed for the susceptible accessions from the Ngamiland district with the highest mean disease severity observed for susceptible accessions from the Kgatleng district. The resistant accessions identified in this study would be useful for the development of disease resistant varieties and the results indicated an ecogeographic association with disease resistance.
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Cheah, L.-H., C. M. Horlock, and R. D. Davis. "Field survey to assess spread of new asparagus diseases in Queensland." New Zealand Plant Protection 56 (August 1, 2003): 106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2003.56.6047.
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Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) crops on eight Queensland properties were surveyed for the presence of asparagus rust (caused by Puccinia asparagi) phomopsis stem blight (caused by Phomopsis asparagi) and asparagus anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) in November 2002 All properties surveyed had a low incidence of rust disease Most rust developed on plants two weeks after spear emergence No symptoms of phomopsis stem blight or anthracnose were found in the Mundubbera and Beerburrum regions Anthracnose was found only in Mareeba (northern Queensland) The incidence of phomopsis stem blight was found to be high on one property in the Warwick region Examination of diseased plants showed that the respective pathogens were associated with the symptoms Drought was a major problem for growers and we observed that crops with an appropriate fertiliser and irrigation regime showed increased plant growth and less disease Crops with irrigation alone also showed better growth and less disease than those without irrigation Our observations suggest that an appropriate irrigation and fertiliser regime that promotes plant growth and health will lessen the likelihood of infection by these diseases However more research is required to confirm this
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Miller-Butler, Melinda A., Barbara J. Smith, Brian R. Kreiser, and Eugene K. Blythe. "Comparison of Anthracnose Resistance with the Presence of Two SCAR Markers Associated with the Rca2 Gene in Strawberry." HortScience 54, no. 5 (May 2019): 793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13805-18.
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Strawberry anthracnose diseases are caused primarily by three Colletotrichum species: C. acutatum J.H. Simmonds, C. fragariae A.N. Brooks, and C. gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. Molecular markers are being used in breeding programs to identify alleles linked to disease resistance and other positive agronomic traits. In our study, strawberry cultivars and breeding germplasm with known anthracnose susceptibility or resistance to the three anthracnose-causing Colletotrichum species were screened for two sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers linked to the Rca2 gene. The Rca2 resistant allele SCAR markers were associated with varying degrees of significance for a strawberry plant’s anthracnose resistance to C. fragariae but not to C. acutatum or C. gloeosporioides. Although the presence or absence of the markers associated with the Rca2 resistance gene is an imperfect indicator of anthracnose resistance, it may serve as a useful starting point in selecting germplasm for breeding programs.
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Ivanovic, Mirko, Bojan Duduk, Milan Ivanovic, and Miroslav Ivanovic. "Anthracnose: A new strawberry disease in Serbia and its control by fungicides." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 113 (2007): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0713071i.
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Anthracnose is a destructive disease of strawberry fruits in warm and continental climate. During 2004, in the vicinity of Valjevo, there were severe losses in two strawberry plantations due to fruit anthracnose. Two fungal isolates, GG-6A and GG-JUP were recovered from strawberry stolons and fruits showing severe anthracnose symptoms. Based on morphological and pathological characteristics, and PCR analyses with specific primers of reference species, isolate GG-6A was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and GG-JUP isolate as C. acutatum. This is the first identification of C. acutatum in strawberry in Serbia. In order to control strawberry anthracnose, five fungicides and their combinations were applied four times during the flowering. The best fruit protection was achieved by fungicides Metiram + piraclostrobin (Cabrio top), Captan FL and Fludioksinil + ciprodinil (Swich). Less effective were Benomil (Benlate) and Krezoksim-metil (Stroby). Pathogen is transmitted by planting material, so phytosanitary measures are extremely important in preventing the disease.
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Hammerschlag*, Freddi A., Sandra Garces, Margery Koch-Dean, Stephanie Ray, Kim S. Lewers, John L. Maas, and Barbara J. Smith. "In Vitro Response of Strawberry Cultivars and Somaclones to Colletotrichum acutatum." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 754D—754. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.754d.
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Diseases affecting strawberries have been of major concern in recent years because of their widespread occurrence and potential for yield loss. Anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum acutatum is one of the most serious disases of strawberry worldwide. Although chemical controls are being used to treat anthracnose, generating disease resistant plants is a more attractive solution to the problem because chemicals can pose a health hazard, have a negative impact on the environment and may only be moderately effective. Tissue culture-induced (somaclonal) variation provides us with one strategy for generating disease-resistant genotypes. An in vitro screening system was used to evaluate several commercially important cultivars, Chandler, Delmarvel, Honeoye, Latestar, Pelican and Sweet Charlie, and shoots regenerated from leaf explants of these cultivars for resistance to C. acutatum isolate Goff (highly virulent). Somaclones with increased levels of anthracnose resistance were identified for all the cultivars. The greatest increases in disease resistance were observed for somaclones of cultivars Chandler, Pelican and Sweet Charlie that exhibited 6.8-, 12-, and 4.2-fold increases in resistance, respectively. These studies provide evidence that: 1) in vitro screening can be used to evaluate strawberry germplasm for anthracnose resistance, 2) soma-clonal variation is influenced by stawberry genotype, and 3) generating somaclonal variants may be a feasible approach to obtaining strawberry plants with increased levels of anthracnose resistance.
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Hagan, Austin, and Jackie Mullen. "Occurrence of Dogwood Anthracnose, Spot Anthracnose, and Botrytis Blight in Native Stands of Flowering Dogwood in North Alabama." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-18.3.154.
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Abstract In North Alabama, dogwood anthracnose (Discula destructiva) was the most common and damaging disease identified in stands of native flowering dogwood (Cornus florida). In the spring of 1992 and 1993, this disease was observed at 59% and 64%, respectively, of the forest and park sites surveyed. Highest incidence and severity of dogwood anthracnose was recorded in the Appalachian Mountains and adjoining foothills of the Piedmont at elevations of 372 to 558 m (1200 to 1800 ft) in the northeastern corner of Alabama near Georgia and Tennessee. At selected sites in Cherokee, Cleburne, DeKalb, Jackson, and Madison Counties, approximately 90% to 100% of the trees examined displayed diagnostic symptoms of dogwood anthracnose. Extensive blighting of the leaves, shoot dieback, epicormic shoot formation, and sometimes tree death were noted. Lower levels of anthracnose damage were recorded on trees in several additional counties in northeast Alabama. Survey results indicate that this disease has not spread onto flowering dogwood in other counties in North Alabama. Spot anthracnose (Elsinoe corni) and Botrytis blight (Botrytis cinerea) were found far less frequently and at fewer locations on flowering dogwood than dogwood anthracnose. Typically, damage attributed to either disease was unobtrusive and of little threat to tree health.
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Smith, Barbara J. "Epidemiology and Pathology of Strawberry Anthracnose: A North American Perspective." HortScience 43, no. 1 (February 2008): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.1.69.
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Three Colletotrichum species—Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds (teleomorph Glomerella acutata J.C. Guerber & J.C. Correll), Colletotrichum fragariae A.N. Brooks, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz. [teleomorph Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H. Schrenk]—are major pathogens of strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa). Strawberry anthracnose crown rot has been a destructive disease in commercial strawberry fields in the southeastern United States since the 1930s. The causal fungus, C. fragariae, may infect all aboveground plant parts; however, the disease is most severe when the fungus infects the crown, causing crown rot, wilt, and death. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was responsible for an epidemic of anthracnose crown rot in strawberry nurseries in Arkansas and North Carolina in the late 1970s. The anthracnose fruit rot pathogen, C. acutatum, was first reported in 1986 on strawberry in the United States. Since the 1980s, increased losses due to anthracnose fruit and crown rots in the United States may be related to changes in cultivars and to widespread use of annual plasticulture production rather than the matted-row production system. Anthracnose investigations in the United States have concentrated on its epidemiology and differences among the three causal Colletotrichum spp. in their cultural, morphological, and molecular characteristics; their infection processes; and their pathogenicity. Results from these studies have resulted in a better understanding of the diseases and have led to better disease control. Strawberries grown in soils with high nitrogen levels are more susceptible to anthracnose than are those grown in soils with lower nitrogen levels or those amended with calcium nitrate. Anthracnose is spread more rapidly in fields that have overhead irrigation and plastic mulch than in fields where drip irrigation and straw mulch are used. Fungicide efficacy has been determined in in-vitro, greenhouse, and field studies, and pathogen resistance to some fungicides has been detected. Anthracnose-resistant cultivars are a major objective of most strawberry breeding programs in the southern United States.
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Zakaria, Latiffah. "Diversity of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose Disease in Tropical Fruit Crops—A Review." Agriculture 11, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040297.
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In tropical fruit crops, anthracnose is mainly caused by species belonging to the fungal genus, Colletotrichum. These phytopathogens can infect several parts of the fruit crops; however, infection during postharvest or ripening stages is responsible for major economic losses. Due to the formation of black to dark brown sunken lesions on the fruit surface, anthracnose reduces fruit quality and marketability. Among the most common tropical fruit crops susceptible to anthracnose are mango, papaya, banana, avocado, guava, and dragon fruit; these are economically relevant products in many developing countries. It is important to document that the newly recorded Colletotrichum spp. associated with fruit anthracnose can infect multiple hosts, but some species may be host-specific. By using multiple markers, many phylogenetic species of Colletotrichum have been reported as anthracnose-causing pathogens. Taking into account that disease management strategies strongly rely on adequate knowledge of the causative agents, updated information on Colletotrichum species and the hazard posed by the most recently identified species in tropical fruit plantations and harvested fruits becomes vital. Besides, the newly recorded species may be important for biosecurity and should be listed as quarantine pathogens, considering that tropical fruits are traded worldwide.
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Wasilwa, Lusike A., Joseph K. Njuguna, Violet Kirigua, Charles N. Waturu, Richelle A. Stafne, Lusike A. Wasilwa, and Teddy E. Morelock. "Impact of Anthracnose on Avocado Production in Kenya." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1103D—1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1103d.
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Avocado is the leading horticultural export in Kenya. In 2003, Kenya exported about 19,000 t, compared to 23 t in 1970. Most of the fruit is exported to the European markets. There are several constraints limiting production of avocado in Kenya, including limited superior varieties or planting material, poor infrastructure, poor market information, and poor tree crop management. Although several diseases infect avocado, the most important are fruit rot pathogens, such as anthracnose, cercospora, and scab. However, diseases and pests have not been important to avocado production in Kenya. Recently (2004), the constraint limiting avocado production in Kenya is anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeospoirioides. Little is known in Kenya on the impact of this disease on production and income realized by small-(<1 acre) or large-scale growers. The objectives of this research were to quantify losses attributed to anthracnose in Kenya, determine the current disease control measures, and recommend good agricultural practice in conformance with EUREP-GAP. A survey was conducted in the avocado growing areas to identify and document constraints limiting avocado production in 2004. The highest losses were reported from central Kenya, where exporters reported up to 100% losses. Because all avocado varieties growing in Kenya are susceptible to anthracnose, it is recommended that good management, i.e., control of pests and diseases and good postharvest handling of fruit to minimize injury used as an entry point by anthracnose, should be enforced.
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,, Nura, Muhamad Syukur, Nurul Khumaida, and Widodo ,. "Radiosensitivitas dan Heritabilitas Ketahanan terhadap Penyakit Antraknosa pada Tiga Populasi Cabai yang Diinduksi Iradiasi Sinar Gamma." Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 43, no. 3 (February 23, 2016): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v43i3.11245.
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<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Commercial varieties of chili is still susceptible to anthracnose disease. Anthracnose is one of diseases which caused yield loss about 10-80% in rainy season and 2-35% in dry season. One of the disease control method is to develop new varieties resistant to anthracnose through gamma-ray irradiation. This research was aimed to determine radiosensitivity level and heritability of chili which generated by mutation inductions of three genotypes: IPB C2, IPB C10, and IPB C15. Seed of the three genotypes were irradiated by gamma rays at dosages of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1,000 Gy. The LD50 in IPB C2, IPB C10, and IPB C15 were 317.9, 591.4, and 538.8 Gy, respectively. The character of IPB C2 mutants ranged between very susceptible to resistant against anthracnose disease, IPB C10 tended to very susceptible to highly resistant, and genotype IPB C15 tended to susceptible to highly resistant. Genotype IPB C2 had high level in heritability for disease resistance character, while medium level in heritability value was obtained on genotype IPB C10 and IPB C15.</p><p>Keywords: genotype, LD50, mutant, mutation, seed</p>
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Kamle, Madhu, and Pradeep Kumar. "Anthracnose: A Post-Harvest Disease of Mango." Agrica 4, no. 2 (2015): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2394-448x.2015.00012.7.
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Than, Po Po, Haryudian Prihastuti, Sitthisack Phoulivong, Paul W. J. Taylor, and Kevin D. Hyde. "Chilli anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum species." Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B 9, no. 10 (October 2008): 764–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.b0860007.
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Børve, J., and A. Stensvand. "ANTHRACNOSE - AN EMERGING DISEASE ON SWEET CHERRY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 795 (August 2008): 905–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.795.146.
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Acharya, Bhupendra, Thomas N. O’Quinn, Wesley Everman, and Hillary L. Mehl. "Effectiveness of Fungicides and Their Application Timing for the Management of Sorghum Foliar Anthracnose in the Mid-Atlantic United States." Plant Disease 103, no. 11 (November 2019): 2804–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-18-1867-re.
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Sorghum anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineola) reduces grain yield up to 50% but suggested management tactics have not yet been developed for the mid-Atlantic United States, where warm, wet conditions favor disease. Under factorial arrangement, five fungicides plus a nontreated control and four application timings were compared for foliar anthracnose control, yield, and profitability of fungicide use in grain sorghum over eight site-years in Virginia and North Carolina. Anthracnose severity was rated at the hard dough stage, and grain yield was determined at harvest. Every percent increase in disease severity resulted in yield losses of 27 to 85 kg/ha. Pyraclostrobin and pyraclostrobin plus fluxapyroxad reduced anthracnose (P < 0.01), and three applications resulted in less disease and greater yield compared with single applications (P < 0.01). However, three applications exceed the labeled maximum application for the fungicides and are not economical. Among single applications, boot or flowering timings reduced disease, and flowering applications resulted in the overall greatest yield. Results suggest that when disease onset occurs at or prior to boot, a single application of pyraclostrobin-containing fungicide at or just prior to flowering reduces anthracnose, protects yield, and increases income. However, when disease is absent or severity is low prior to flowering, fungicide application may not be profitable.
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Ly, Vi An, Thao Phuong Thi Truong, and Thanh Hao Nguyen. "Application of anthracnose resistance-associated molecular markers in the detection of resistant chili pepper cultivars in Vietnam." Science and Technology Development Journal 23, no. 3 (July 27, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v23i3.2395.
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Introduction: Colletotrichum species is responsible for anthracnose, a worldwide serious disease, causing an important loss in chili pepper production. Therefore, screening disease resistant and sensitive chili pepper cultivars in Vietnam is important not only for in-depth studies of disease resistance-associated molecular mechanisms but also for chili production improvement via molecular marker-assisted breeding in Vietnam.
Methods: To this end, in this study, two Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from the infected fruits collected from chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) fields in Tra Vinh province. According to the morphology analysis and the sequencing results of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, these isolates were identified as C. scovillei and C. acutatum. In order to identify the anthracnose-resistant chili pepper cultivars, the pathogenicity test was conducted by infecting fully developed green fruits of eleven chili pepper cultivars with the two isolated Colletotrichum strains.
Results: CN404 and HNCS were the two strongest anthracnose-resistant cultivars. Two chili pepper cultivars, TV3 and PN400, showed different resistance tendencies to each Colletotrichum isolates. Four different SSR molecular markers were used in this study to identify the potential molecular markers associated with anthracnose resistance traits in chili pepper cultivars. Among the four examined markers, HpmsE126 was detected in two anthracnose-resistant chili pepper cultivars, suggesting its close relation to the anthracnose resistance trait in chili pepper.
Conclusion: Given that two of the three most anthracnose-resistant cultivars, CN404 and TV3, possess HpmsE126 marker, this marker can be used to detect anthracnose-resistant lines in chili pepper breeding in Vietnam.
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Araya, Carlos M., and Rodolfo Araya. "Avances en la selección de fuentes de resistencia a las principales enfermedades del frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en Costa Rica." Agronomía Mesoamericana 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2006): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v11i2.17302.
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In this research a broad set of bean genotypes were evaluated in the search for sources of resistance to both, anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) and angular leaf spot (Pahaeoisriopsis griseola). The germplasm evaluated came from the National Bean Breeding Program and international nurseries from CIAT: VIFURE, VIPADOGEN and CORE COLLECTION. Experimental plots were establised in Puriscal (1017 masl), Alajuela (814 masl) and Fraijanes (1650 masl), during the 97-98 and 98-99 growing seasons. Experimental plots were single or two rows from two to six m in length depending on seed availability. Disease reaction was scored at six and eight weeks after seeding using a 1 to 9 severity scale. Only genotypes showing 1-3 disease reaction for anthracnose and 1-4 for angular leaf spot were selected. In the germplas from the National Bean Breeding Program nine lines resistant to both pathogens were identified, of those, five lines were specifically resistant to anthracnose and two angular leaf spot. In the VIPADOGEN from CIAT, 25 lines were resistant to anthracnose and only two were resistant to both diseases. These materials also displayed adaptation to either drought or low soil fertility. The CORE COLLECTION nursery provided 82 lines resistant to anthracnose, 12 lines resistant to angular leaf spot and 26 lines were resistant to both pathogens. The most outstanding sources of resistance to anthracnose and angular leaf spot will be made available in a regional nursery.
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Ngugi, H. K., S. B. King, G. O. Abayo, and Y. V. R. Reddy. "Prevalence, Incidence, and Severity of Sorghum Diseases in Western Kenya." Plant Disease 86, no. 1 (January 2002): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.1.65.
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To assess the prevalence and severity of sorghum diseases in western Kenya, a 2-year survey was conducted (July 1995 and 1996), in 91 and 109 farmers' fields, respectively. Fields were generally <0.5 ha and production environment ranged from warm-humid to warm-semi-arid. Fourteen foliar and six panicle diseases were observed, with limited variation in disease prevalence and severity between the 2 years. The most common foliar diseases observed were (in decreasing order of prevalence) oval leaf spot (Ramulispora sorghicola), rust (Puccinia purpurea), ladder leaf spot (Cercospora fusimaculans), zonate leaf spot (Gloeocercospora sorghi), gray leaf spot (Cercospora sorghi), leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum), and anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineolum); with prevalence ranging from 95 to 97% of fields for oval leaf spot, and 44 to 65% of fields for anthracnose. Head smut (Sporisorium reilianum), was observed in 73 to 75% of fields, covered kernel smut (S. sorghi) 42 to 43% of fields, and loose smut (S. cruenta) 14 to 24% of fields. Head smut incidence was >25% in 3% of fields surveyed. Grain yield reduction from smut diseases alone was estimated to be 5%. Out of eight probability distribution functions compared, the double Gaussian model best described the frequency of disease severity levels for most diseases. Based on the best-fitting model, the proportion of fields with disease severity level thought to cause yield loss (severity rating >5 on a 1 to 9 scale, where 1 = no disease) was calculated as 26.6% for oval leaf spot, 15.3% for rust, 14.8% for anthracnose, 4.8% for ladder leaf spot, and 1.5% for leaf blight. The production environment influenced the prevalence of disease severity. Severe anthracnose, leaf blight, and ladder leaf spot were confined to fields in the humid LM1 and LM2 agro-ecological zones, rust was ubiquitous, and severe gray leaf spot was more prevalent in the dryer LM4 zone.
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Davis, RD, RM Boland, and CJ Howitt. "The developing relationship between Stylosanthes and anthracnose after 14 years in a North Queensland pasture. 1. Field study." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 5 (1994): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940615.
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A 28.5 ha pasture sown in 1975 with a mixture of 7 different accessions of Stylosanthes provided information on anthracnose epidemics (caused by Colletotrichunz gloeosporioides) occurring under grazing in 1987 and 1989. The disease incidence varied throughout the area in response to the density patterns of Stylosanthes with dense populations recording more anthracnose than sections where there were fewer plants. Non-host pasture components did not influence disease incidence. The disease was present on 32% of the plants in the 1987 survey and on 65% of plants in 1989. This probably reflected different stages of epidemic development rather than an overall increase in epidemic severity. Several accessions which were sown in 1975 were not found in significant numbers, and the contribution of anthracnose to their demise is not known; however, in addition to the sown accessions, plants appearing to be S. scabra x S. hamata hybrids were commonly observed. The incidence of anthracnose on these largely infertile plants was not high. The pasture, 14 years after establishment, has persisted with a large host population sustaining varying amounts of anthracnose.
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Md Kamal, Mahanijah, Ahmad Nor Ikhwan Masazhar, and Farah Abdul Rahman. "Classification of Leaf Disease from Image Processing Technique." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i1.pp191-200.
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<p class="Abstract">Disease in palm oil sector is one of the major concerns because it affects the production and economy losses to Malaysia. Diseases appear as spots on the leaf and if not treated on time, cause the growth of the palm oil tree. This work presents the use of digital image processing technique for classification oil palm leaf disease sympthoms. Chimaera and Anthracnose is the most common symtoms infected the oil palm leaf in nursery stage. Here, support vector machine (SVM) acts as a classifier where there are four stages involved. The stages are image acquisition, image enhancement, clustering and classification. The classification shows that SVM achieves accuracy of 97% for Chimaera and 95% for Anthracnose.</p>
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Cavalcante, Gerusa R. S., Beatriz M. Barguil, Willie A. S. Vieira, Waléria G. Lima, Sami J. Michereff, Vinson P. Doyle, and Marcos P. S. Câmara. "Diversity, Prevalence, and Virulence of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Lima Bean in Brazil." Plant Disease 103, no. 8 (August 2019): 1961–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-18-2002-re.
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Anthracnose is one of the most important diseases of lima bean in Brazil. Previously, the disease was attributed exclusively to Colletotrichum truncatum. Therefore, this work aimed to characterize the diversity, prevalence, and virulence of Colletotrichum spp. associated with anthracnose in lima bean in Brazil. Here, we report the species C. truncatum, C. brevisporum, C. lobatum, C. plurivorum, and C. musicola in association with anthracnose of lima bean. All species were pathogenic to lima bean. In addition, several strains were found that represent novel lineages, presented here as Colletotrichum lineages 1 to 5. C. truncatum is the prevailing species and more virulent than all other species studied.
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Bestor, Nathan R. C., Alison E. Robertson, and Daren S. Mueller. "Effect of Foliar Fungicides on Late-season Anthracnose Stem Blight on Soybean." Plant Health Progress 15, no. 3 (January 2014): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-rs-14-0013.
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Anthracnose stem blight, caused by Colletotrichum truncatum, is responsible for soybean (Glycine max) yield losses in subtropical and tropical growing regions. There are inadequate data regarding the effect of anthracnose stem blight on yield in Iowa, and it is unknown if fungicide application can manage this disease. Field studies were conducted from 2008 to 2010 to determine the effect of fungicide application timing on late-season development of this disease. We also investigated the effect of anthracnose stem blight on yield and specific yield components. Fungicides reduced late-season symptom development when compared to the untreated control; however, there were no differences in yield and yield components. While foliar fungicides can reduce late-season disease development, anthracnose stem blight typically should not affect crop management decisions involving use of foliar fungicides on soybean in Iowa. Accepted 7 July 2014. Publication 14 August 2014.
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Hoffman, Lindsey, Laura M. Chaves, Eric N. Weibel, Hilary S. Mayton, and Stacy A. Bonos. "Impact of Growing Environment on Anthracnose Severity of Switchgrass Cultivars and Clones." Plant Disease 100, no. 10 (October 2016): 2034–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-16-0006-re.
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Anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum navitas) has the potential to significantly reduce biomass yield of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.); however, limited information is available on the impact of growing environment on tolerance of switchgrass to anthracnose. Therefore, the major objectives of this study were to (i) examine genotype–environment (G × E) effects on anthracnose severity in populations of switchgrass cultivars and individual genotypes and (ii) determine clonal repeatability estimates and stability analysis of anthracnose tolerance on individual switchgrass genotypes. Two experiments were conducted at one prime and two marginal soil locations in New Jersey. In all, 14 switchgrass cultivars were established from seed in 2008 for experiment 1 and 50 replicated switchgrass clones were planted in 2009 for experiment 2 at all three locations. Anthracnose was rated visually in 2010 for experiment 1 and in 2010 and 2011 for experiment 2. Significant G × E interactions were detected for both experiments (P ≤ 0.05) and anthracnose severity varied by location and cultivar. Clonal repeatability estimates for disease tolerance among clones was 0.78 on a clonal basis and 0.32 on a single-plant basis. Lowland ecotypes exhibited less disease overall than upland ecotypes. Results from this study indicate that selection for improved tolerance to anthracnose should be conducted after evaluation across several environments over multiple years.
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Paulino, Pollyana Priscila Schuertz, Maria Celeste Gonçalves-Vidigal, Mariana Vaz Bisneta, Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho, Maria Paula Barion Alves Nunes, Larissa Fernanda Sega Xavier, Vanusa Silva Ramos Martins, and Giselly Figueiredo Lacanallo. "Occurrence of anthracnose pathogen races and resistance genes in common bean across 30 years in Brazil." Agronomy Science and Biotechnology 8 (September 6, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33158/asb.r140.v8.2022.
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Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is one of the most critical diseases in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The characterization and localization of pathogenic fungal races are essential for understanding pathogen population dynamics and recommending strategies to develop resistant cultivars. As resistant genotypes are the most economical and ecologically safe means of controlling plant diseases, there have been efforts to characterize resistance genes in common bean. Several studies using a system of 12 differential bean cultivars have been carried out to monitor anthracnose since 1991, reporting the constant appearance of new fungal races. C. lindemuthianum shows high virulence diversity. The objective of the present study was to review the relationship between C. lindemuthianum races and the common bean pathogenic processes involved in the risk of developing anthracnose disease. As a result, 89 races occurred in Brazil, wherein 73, 65, and 81 of C. lindemuthianum are the most frequent. Furthermore, we built a map with the anthracnose resistance loci, molecular markers, and their respective physical position. The accessibility to the genomes and sequencing technologies permits molecular markers for marker-assisted selection applied to anthracnose-resistant cultivars. This study could be used as a reference for future resistance mapping studies and as a guide for selecting resistance loci in breeding programs aiming to develop common bean cultivars with durable anthracnose resistance.
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Sangu, Sangeetha Siva, and Sepiah Muid. "Effects of Inoculum Concentrations of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Disease Development and Severity on Leaves of Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis)." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (June 29, 2016): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.217.2016.
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Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is among the main causal agent of anthracnose of the rubber tree (Heveabrasiliensis). This disease is considered as one of the major foliar diseases that causes declining yields of rubberproduction in Asia. In order to understand the effect of environmental variables on anthracnose, the effect ofinoculum concentrations on the disease development and severity was studied. Spore concentration of 106spores/ml produced the most prominent disease development. Disease was most severe when the leaves werekept in continuous moisture condition for four weeks. Fungal response study showed that the fungus needed 120hours after inoculation (hai) to penetrate and colonize leaf cells. Knowledge of this factor on diseasedevelopment can help improve management tactics based on the control of environmental factors.
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Muhibuddin, Anton, Siti Fadhilah, Antok Wahyu Sektiono, Umi Kulsum Nur Qomariyah, Mazidatul Faizah, Ambar Susanti, and Sri Nurhatika. "Yeast from Epiphyte of Avocadoes to Control Colletotrichum gloesporioides Causing Antrachnose Disease." SAINTEKBU 10, no. 2 (July 23, 2018): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32764/saintekbu.v10i2.208.
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Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloesporioides fungi is an important disease in avocado fruit during storage. An effective, cheap, and non-poisoned control method was required during storage to minimize chemical pesticide residues. This observation was aimed to select yeast with antagonistic ability from avocado epiphyte. Selected yeasts then tested their antagonist ability versus Colletotrichum gloesporioides, the fungi causing anthracnose disease, in vitro. Based on visual observation, microscopically and macroscopically, knowing that there were 3 yeast species isolated from green-long avocado variety i.e.: Candida sp., Filobasidium sp., and Cryptococcus sp., and then from mega gagauan avocado variety i.e.: Pichia sp., Candida sp., Cryptococcus sp., and Metschnikowia sp. The most antagonist yeast was Cryptococcus sp, which isolated from green long avocado.
Keyword: Yeast, antagonist, storage, avocado, anthracnose
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Mariana, Mariana, Elly Liestiany, Fahmi Rizali Cholis, and Nazwan Syahbani Hasbi. "PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA CABAI OLEH Colletotrichum sp. DI LAHAN RAWA KALIMANTAN SELATAN." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 23, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jipi.23.1.30-36.
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[CHILLI ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE BY Colletotrichum sp. AT SWAMP LAND OF SOUTH KALIMANTAN PROVINCE]. Anthracnose is one of the major economic constraints for chili production worldwide. This disease is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum sp. The yield loss reaches 50% - 100% in the rainy season. In swamps, the incidence of this disease begins to increase. As the basis for the integrated control of anthracnose, it is necessary to record disease incidence and identify pathogens that attack conditions in swampsThe disease intensity survey was conducted in Hiyung chilli cultivation of Hiyung village lowland and the tidal swamplands of Marabahan district. The method is using Purposive Random Sampling approach. The Koch’s Postulates is used to determined the cause of the disease. Identification of pathogens that cause anthracnose is carried out in laboratories and greenhouses. Determination of obtained pathogen’s type is using literature references. The results of this study indicate that Hiyung chilli in the Hiyung village lowland shows a fairly high incidence of disease – i.e 43.78%, moreover, the result of Marabahan district tidal swamplands is 29.29%. Three Colletotrichum species were found, namely Colletotricum truncatum, C. gleosporiedes and C. acutatum.
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Roberts, Joseph A., and James A. Murphy. "Anthracnose Disease on Annual Bluegrass as Affected by Foot Traffic and Sand Topdressing." Plant Disease 98, no. 10 (October 2014): 1321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-13-0877-re.
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Sand topdressing is applied to maintain or enhance playability of the turf surface of putting greens. Anthracnose is a devastating disease of annual bluegrass (ABG; Poa annua) putting green turf, caused by Colletotrichum cereale. The disease is more severe on weakened turf and reputed to be exacerbated by management practices that wound turf. A 2-year field study was initiated in 2007 to evaluate the effects of foot traffic (0 versus 327 footsteps m−2, equivalent to 200 rounds day−1) and sand topdressing (0 and 0.3 liter m−2 every week) on anthracnose severity of ABG mowed at 3.2 mm. Surprisingly, foot traffic reduced anthracnose severity as much as 28%, regardless of sand topdressing, during both years. Although sand topdressing initially increased disease severity (up to 7%) in 2007, continued applications decreased severity by 9% later in August 2007 and again in 2008. The treatment combination of foot traffic 5 days week−1 and weekly sand topdressing resulted in the best turf quality by the end of both seasons. Results indicate that the practice of sand topdressing can be continued even under conditions of intense foot traffic and anthracnose disease development on ABG putting greens.
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Gao, Y. Y., X. X. Li, L. F. He, B. X. Li, W. Mu, and F. Liu. "Effect of Pyrisoxazole on Colletotrichum scovillei Infection and Anthracnose on Chili." Plant Disease 104, no. 2 (February 2020): 551–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-19-1291-re.
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Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum scovillei is one of the most destructive diseases affecting chili production. Disease control mainly relies on conventional fungicides, and repeated exposure to single-site mode-of-action fungicides may pose a risk for the development of resistant isolates within the population. Our previous study suggested that pyrisoxazole has strong inhibitory activity against C. scovillei in vitro. However, the effects of pyrisoxazole on the C. scovillei infection process and the performance of pyrisoxazole in the field remain unclear. In this study, pyrisoxazole exhibited strong inhibitory activity against the mycelial growth, appressorium formation, and appressorium diameter of C. scovillei, with half maximal effective concentration values of 0.1986, 0.0147, and 0.0269 μg/ml, respectively, but had no effect on sporulation, even at the highest concentration of 1.6 μg/ml. The baseline sensitivity curves were unimodal with a long right-hand tail. The in vivo data showed that pyrisoxazole provided both preventive and curative activity against anthracnose on chili. Pyrisoxazole decreased the incidence of anthracnose and reduced disease progress. The results of electron microscopy showed that pyrisoxazole can affect the C. scovillei infection process by altering mycelial morphology, degrading conidia and germ tubes, suppressing conidial germination and appressorium formation, and enhancing conidiophore production. Pyrisoxazole can be used to effectively control anthracnose under field conditions and increase chili yield; moreover, no phytotoxicity symptoms were observed after treatment. These results provide new insight into the mechanisms by which pyrisoxazole controls disease and suggest that pyrisoxazole is a feasible alternative for the management of anthracnose in chili.
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Li, Yonghao, and David O. TeBeest. "Temporal and Spatial Development of Sorghum Anthracnose in Arkansas." Plant Disease 93, no. 3 (March 2009): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-3-0287.
Full textAbstract:
Development of sorghum anthracnose in time and space on susceptible (‘BTx623’ and ‘Pioneer 8313’) and resistant (‘Cargill 888Y’) sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars was investigated in field plots inoculated with a mixture of three strains (T430-SW, Ar54-SW, and ArSS-1SW) of Colletotrichum sublineolum in 2001 and 2002. After slow development during early growth stages, sorghum anthracnose developed rapidly after flowering. The logistic model provided a good statistical fit for disease progress curves for sorghum anthracnose in Arkansas. Compared to susceptible cultivars, the resistant cultivar had significantly lower values for the standard area under the disease progress curve, a lower upper asymptote, and delayed epidemic onset. However, there were no significant differences in infection rate and the time of the inflection points, the times at which the disease proportion equaled values of one-half of upper asymptotes, among the three cultivars. The negative exponential model more closely described disease gradients of sorghum anthracnose than the inverse power law model. There were significant differences in intercepts but not in slopes and half-distance between the resistant and susceptible cultivars. The slopes of disease gradients were significantly lower at 78 days after inoculation (DAI) than at 57 DAI on the three cultivars. The results could provide epidemiological components of sorghum anthracnose to help evaluate sorghum cultivars and breeding lines under field conditions.
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Gutiérrez-Moreno, Karina, Michelina Ruocco, Maurilia Maria Monti, Octavio Martínez de la Vega, and Martin Heil. "Context-Dependent Effects of Trichoderma Seed Inoculation on Anthracnose Disease and Seed Yield of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): Ambient Conditions Override Cultivar-Specific Differences." Plants 10, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081739.
Full textAbstract:
Root colonizing Trichoderma fungi can stimulate plant immunity, but net effects are strain × cultivar-specific and changing ambient conditions further contribute to variable outcomes. Here, we used four Trichoderma spp. to inoculate seeds of four common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars and explored in three different experimental setups the effects on fungal anthracnose after leaf inoculation with Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Plants growing in pots with field soil under greenhouse conditions exhibited the highest and those in the open field the lowest overall levels of disease. Among 48 Trichoderma strain × bean cultivar × setup combinations, Trichoderma-inoculation enhanced disease in six and decreased disease in ten cases, but with the exception of T. asperellum B6-inoculated Negro San Luis beans, the strain × cultivar-specific effects on anthracnose severity differed among the setups, and anthracnose severity did not predict seed yield in the open field. In the case of Flor de Mayo beans, Trichoderma even reduced yield in anthracnose-free field plots, although this effect was counterbalanced in anthracnose-infected plots. We consider our work as a case study that calls for stronger emphasis on field experiments in the early phases of screenings of Trichoderma inoculants as plant biostimulants.
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Hess, D. E., R. Bandyopadhyay, and I. Sissoko. "Pattern Analysis of Sorghum Genotype × Environment Interaction for Leaf, Panicle, and Grain Anthracnose in Mali." Plant Disease 86, no. 12 (December 2002): 1374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.12.1374.
Full textAbstract:
Resistance to anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum graminicola, in sorghum was identified through field screening at two locations (Samanko and Longorola) in Mali. The occurrence and progress of anthracnose were monitored on 19 sorghum lines plus resistant and susceptible checks in the 1996 to 1998 rainy seasons. Foliar anthracnose severity was assessed at regular intervals throughout the season. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated for each genotype. Anthracnose severity was also evaluated on the peduncle, rachis and glumes, panicle, and grain. For the characters under study, the site × year and site × year × line interactions accounted for the genotype × environment interactions. Pattern analysis was applied to the environment-standardized matrix of genotype × environment means to analyze these interactions and elucidate genotypic adaptation. None of the lines was completely (hypersensitive) resistant to the disease, but 12 showed high levels of stable resistance to both foliar and panicle anthracnose. Only one was moderately susceptible to both forms of the disease. In addition to identifying varieties that can be grown in zones to which they are adapted, additional genotypes were identified that can serve as sources of resistance in regional breeding programs.
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Karina, Nava, Ahmad Roekhan, Cindy Diah Ayu Fitriana, and Luqman Qurata Aini. "The Potency of UB Forest Bacteria as Chitinolytic Bacteria to Inhibit Anthracnose Disease on Cayenne Pepper." Research Journal of Life Science 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.rjls.2020.007.01.5.
Full textAbstract:
Anthracnose disease is a major disease in cayenne pepper triggered by fungal pathogen Colletotrichum capsici which can cause yield losses of up to 90%. Control of disease generally utilizes synthetic fungicides, but it damages the environment and human health. Hence, alternative controls that are ecofriendly are required. One of the attempts is to make use of chitinolytic bacteria's potential. This study aimed to screen UB Forest chitinolytic bacteria and to determine their potential in suppressing anthracnose in cayenne pepper. Stages of research include a screening of 78 UB Forest bacteria as chitinolytic bacteria, selection of chitinolytic bacteria that are antagonistic against C. capsici, inhibition test of chitinase crude extracts against C. capsici growth, controlling anthracnose disease in cayenne using chitinolytic bacteria, and molecular identification. Based on the results of the selection, there were 76 isolates of UB Forest bacteria classified as chitinolytic bacteria, 74 bacteria antagonistic against C. capsici. Chitinase crude extracts significantly affected C. capsici growth inhibition compared to fungicide treatment. The application of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (UB 11) and Bacillus cereus (UB 12) can control anthracnose disease in cayenne pepper with the intensity of 41.67% and 38.89% respectively with the efficacy level of 58.33% and 61.11%.
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Filaila, Nuzila Fitri, Suryanti Suryanti, and Ani Widiastuti. "Zero-Energy Cool Chamber in Anthracnose Disease Management of Postharvest Capsicum frutescens." Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 17, no. 3 (July 25, 2021): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14692/jfi.17.3.83-91.
Full textAbstract:
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is one of important diseases causing postharvest losses on chili. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the zero energy cool chamber (ZECC) in reducing the severity of anthracnose in Capsicum frutescens L. and extending the shelf life of chilies. The research was started by designing and building ZECC as a storage area for chilies. Chilies with and without fungal inoculation were stored in ZECC and storage chamber at room temperature. C. gloeosporioides experienced a growth inhibition of 40.48% after being stored in ZECC compared to its growth at room temperature. Storage of chilies in ZECC was able to reduce the severity of anthracnose by 56.2% on the 15th day, did not affect vitamin C content and total dissolved solids (TSS) and was able to reduce chilies weight loss during storage. Based on the organovisual test using the visual quality rating method and the Hedonic sensory test, consumers prefer chilies stored in the ZECC. The results showed that storage in ZECC could extend the shelf life of chilies. This storage model does not use electricity or is zero energy so it can be used by small scale farmers. This is the first report on the use of ZECC for the management of anthracnose in postharvest chilies in Indonesia.
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Ngugi, H. K., S. B. King, J. Holt, and A. M. Julian. "Simultaneous Temporal Progress of Sorghum Anthracnose and Leaf Blight in Crop Mixtures with Disparate Patterns." Phytopathology® 91, no. 8 (August 2001): 720–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.8.720.
Full textAbstract:
Field studies were conducted at Alupe in western Kenya in 1995 and 1996 to evaluate the efficacy of crop and species mixtures for the management of sorghum anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum sublineolum) and leaf blight (caused by Exserohilum turcicum). The progress of these diseases developing simultaneously on a susceptible sorghum cultivar planted in inter- or intra-row mixtures of varying proportions with either maize or resistant sorghum was monitored. The effects of host type and mixture patterns on disease progress were compared by parameter estimates derived from fitted Lotka-Volterra competition equations and nonlinear logistic models. Competition coefficients were not significant and their confidence intervals included zero in most cases, suggesting that interactions between C. sublineolum and E. turcicum did not occur. Mixtures of the susceptible sorghum with either the nonhost maize or the resistant sorghum delayed the time when disease is first observed and reduced the rate of disease progress and carrying capacity for both anthracnose and leaf blight, with a more pronounced effect on the latter disease. The lower efficacy of mixtures in reducing anthracnose was attributed to an aggregated spatial pattern, coupled with higher rates of progress for this disease. Intra-row mixtures were more efficient than inter-row mixtures in reducing disease development in all years. The implications of these observations for the management of sorghum diseases under small-scale farming systems are discussed.