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Journal articles on the topic 'Anthropogenic soil'
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1
Djukic, Dragutin, Leka Mandic, Vesna Sumanov, and Svetlana Raketic. "Anthropogenic effects on soil micromycetes." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 113 (2007): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0713179d.
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This paper is a synthesis of long-term investigations based on the effect of different authropogenic pollutants (mineral and organic fertilizers, heavy metals, contaminated irrigation water, nitrification inhibitor and detergents) on the dynamics of soil fungi number. The investigations were performed at the Microbiology Department and trial fields of the Faculty of Agronomy in Cacak on smonitza and alluvium soils in field and under greenhouse conditions. Maize, wheat, barley and red clover were used as test plants in these studies. The quantitative composition of the fungi in the soils investigated was determined by the Capek selective agar dilution method. The study results show that the number of soil fungi was dependent on the type and rate of agrochemicals used, on the growing season, and the soil zone the samples were taken from for the analysis. Lower nitrogen fertiliser rates (80 and 120 kg x ha-1) and organic fertilizers stimulated the development of soil fungi, unlike the rate of 150 kg x ha-1. Heavy metals, mercury and cadmium in particular, as well as high rates of the N-serve nitrification inhibitor, inhibited the development of this group of soil microorganisms. Generally, the adverse effect of contaminated irrigation water on the soil fungi was recorded in both soil types, and particularly in the smonitza under red clover. Low detergent (Meril) concentrations did not have any significant effect on this group of microorganisms. In this respect, it can be concluded that the soil fungi number dynamics can be used in monitoring soils polluted by different toxinogenic substances.
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Vácha, R., J. Němeček, and E. Podlešáková. "Geochemical and anthropogenic soil loads by potentially risky elements." Plant, Soil and Environment 48, No. 10 (December 22, 2011): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4393-pse.
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The differentiation between anthropogenic and geogenic loads of the soils by potentially risky elements was observed. The collection of soil horizon samples from 21 localities with different anthropogenic loads (imission fall-outs, floods, historical mining) and geogenic loads (lithogenic, chalcogenic) was composed. The soil characteristics (pH, C<sub>ox</sub>), total content of 13 potentially risky elements, content of potentially risky elements in the extract of 2M HNO<sub>3</sub>, 1M NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> (mobile forms) and 0.025M EDTA (potentially mobilizable forms) were detected. The solubility as the ratio of total content and the content of risky elements in the other extracts was calculated. The differences between the solubility for each risky element and for each type of the load were determined. It was concluded that the highest solubility was determined in the fluvisols contaminated by the floods and in the soils contaminated by imission fall-outs. Significantly lower solubility of potentially risky elements was determined in the soils with geogenic loads. The efficiency of the used extracts for the differentiation of the soil load was assessed (2M HNO<sub>3</sub>, 0.025M EDTA). The types of geogenic loads were characterised in the extent of used soil collection. Geochemically anomalous parent materials and soil types developed on these parent materials were described.
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O'Riordan, Roisin, Jess Davies, Carly Stevens, and John N. Quinton. "The effects of sealing on urban soil carbon and nutrients." SOIL 7, no. 2 (October 11, 2021): 661–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-661-2021.
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Abstract. Urban soils are of increasing interest for their potential to provide ecosystem services such as carbon storage and nutrient cycling. Despite this, there is limited knowledge on how soil sealing with impervious surfaces, a common disturbance in urban environments, affects these important ecosystem services. In this paper, we investigate the effect of soil sealing on soil properties, soil carbon and soil nutrient stocks. We undertook a comparative survey of sealed and unsealed green space soils across the UK city of Manchester. Our results reveal that the context of urban soil and the anthropogenic artefacts added to soil have a great influence on soil properties and functions. In general, sealing reduced soil carbon and nutrient stocks compared to green space soil; however, where there were anthropogenic additions of organic and mineral artefacts, this led to increases in soil carbon and nitrate content. Anthropogenic additions led to carbon stocks equivalent to or larger than those in green spaces; this was likely a result of charcoal additions, leading to carbon stores with long residence times. This suggests that in areas with an industrial past, anthropogenic additions can lead to a legacy carbon store in urban soil and make important contributions to urban soil carbon budgets. These findings shed light on the heterogeneity of urban sealed soil and the influence of anthropogenic artefacts on soil functions. Our research highlights the need to gain a further understanding of urban soil processes, in both sealed and unsealed soils, and of the influence and legacy of anthropogenic additions for soil functions and important ecosystem services.
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Marcela, Rohošková, and Borůvka Vít Penížek and Luboš. "Study of Anthropogenic Soils on a Reclaimed Dumpsite and their Variability by Geostatistical Methods." Soil and Water Research 1, No. 2 (January 7, 2013): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6508-swr.
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Soils of reclaimed dumpsites after coal mining are considered as typical anthropogenic soils. These soils are at the beginning of their development and have certain specific characteristics. The aim of this study was to describe a soil survey performed on anthropogenic soils of a reclaimed dumpsite, to analyse spatial variability of selected properties using geostatistical methods, and to evaluate the development of reclaimed dumpsite soils. It has been shown that geostatistical methods are suitable for a description of anthropogenic soil properties and their variability. However, characterization of soil properties on the border between areas with different types of reclamation can be difficult due to sharp discontinual transitions caused by human activity. Properties of these soils vary profoundly greatly dependent on the properties of the soil substrate and the type of reclamation. The average content of organic carbon in the topsoil (0–20 cm) was 1.92% on the area covered with a layer of natural topsoil and 0.92% on the area covered by a layer of loess. An initial A horizon can develop even in 10 years under favourable conditions.
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Orlov, O. "Concept of soil Red book of the Ukrainian Carpathians." Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum, no. 35 (December 8, 2019): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36885/nzdpm.2019.35.151-156.
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The system and method of selection and documentation of soils that need to be included in the Red Book on the basis of research on natural and anthropogenic soils of the Ukrainian Carpathians were developed. Six categories of soil of the Red Book such as standards of typical, rare, endangered, cultivated and anthropogenic soils, unique soils have been proposed. Natural soils (typical, rare, endangered, unique) must functioned as soil etalons for changes evaluation that occur under the influence of forest management and recreational pressure, as well as protection of soil diversity. Etalons of cultivated soils play the role of models for agricultural lands; etalons of anthropogenic soils are used to determine the condition of land of urbo- and technocomplexes.
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Stepanova, L. P., A. V. Pisareva, T. N. Bolmat, and N. A. Yelisarov. "Ecological Assessment of Non-Target Impact on the Intensity of Human-Induced Changes in Gray Forest Soils." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, no. 4 (February 1, 2022): 042028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/4/042028.
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Abstract This article presents studies on determining the rate of anthropogenic influences on the gray forest soils sustainability. At present, various pollutants from the atmosphere affect soils. This leads to a decrease in soil fertility, water and air pollution, a decrease in crop yields, and deterioration of product quality. A study of the gray forest soils sustainability to anthropogenic influences incompatible with natural processes is of particular interest to select groups by the degree of anthropogenic transformation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the rate of anthropogenic influences on the grey forest soils sustainability and the degree of their anthropogenic transformation. This requires determining the change in the agrochemical indicators of the fertility of gray forest soils disturbed by overburdened quarrying. Identifying the nature of changes in the texture and micro-aggregate composition of the disturbed soils. Assess the nature of changes in the heavy metals content in gray forest soils of the areas chemically polluted by unauthorized disposal of industrial wastes. Reveal the nature of technogenic load and ecological hazard of industrial waste on the fertile layer of gray forest soils in the chemically polluted area. The research was conducted on an agricultural land site, where soil samples of gray forest soils were extracted. As a result, the gray forest soils’ sustainability to anthropogenic impact, incompatible with natural processes, was assessed. The rates of organic content reduction due to violation of the humus layer were proved. The decrease level of available phosphorus was proved, significant fluctuations for potassium in the soils were revealed. A significant decrease in soil acidity has been confirmed. The influence of chemical pollution of the soil cover by heavy metals has been found out. The intensity of anthropogenic load of industrial waste on the soil depending on the soil contamination levels of heavy metals was revealed.
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Timofeeva, Yulia, Elena Sukhacheva, Boris Aparin, Vitaly Terleev, Aleksandr Nikonorov, and Luka Akimov. "Soil structure of sand quarries territory." E3S Web of Conferences 157 (2020): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015702017.
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Anthropogenic activities are one of the leading factors of soil differentiation. Significant changes in the soil cover occur as a result of the construction of quarries. The mining industry causes the complete degradation of soils in large areas, the change of the natural soil cover and elevation around the quarries, the destruction of vegetation, disturbs biodiversity of the territory and the death of ecosystems. Soil cover structures of mining quarries have been considered on the example of the Leningrad region such as a natural conditions and environmental peculiarities typical for the whole Russian North-West area. Decoding and diagnostic signs of anthropogenic transformed soils were determined. The type and degree of transformation of the component composition, the contrast and heterogeneity of the soil cover, intercomponent connections, the shape and figure of the internal organization of the of soil cover structures have been identified. The complexity of the anthropogenic transformed soils cover is illustrated by “key site”.
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Syshchykov, D. V., I. V. Agurova, and O. V. Syshchykova. "Biological activity of edaphotopes of anthropogenic transformed ecosystems." Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation, no. 154 (October 21, 2020): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/2712-7788-2020-1-154-141-152.
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As a result of the carried out studies of biological activity of edaphotopes of anthropogenic transformed ecosystems, it was found that the largest number of microorganisms and streptomycetes it was characteristic for common chernozem. For the soil horizons of primitive undeveloped fragmented soils, was recorded the lowest percentage of the microorganisms number (on average 4-5% relative to the control). The number of streptomycetes in both intrazonal and soils of anthropogenic transformed soils and zonal soils varies in horizons. However, we have noted that in intrazonal and anthropogenic transformed soils streptomycetes are in most cases concentrated in underlying soil horizons. Our studies on micromycetes have found that this group of microscopic fungi accounts for up to 50% of the total number of microbiocenosis, with the smallest number recorded in the genetic horizons of primitive undeveloped soils on sandstone. Cellulose-destroying microorganisms in the soil microbocenosis of monitoring sites are least represented.
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Bessolitsyna, E. P. "Anthropogenic Destabilization of the Soil-Biotic Communities State’ in the Geosystems on the South of Eastern Siberia." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences 36 (2021): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2021.36.16.
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A successful study of the anthropogenic impact on terrestrial biogeocenoses, and especially on their biotic component – zoocenoses, is ineffective without observations of the soil fauna. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the structure and diversity of zoocenoses of natural and anthropogenic disturbed soils prevailing in the region, identifies the ecological features of soil invertebrate communities and the limitations of biota functions in the transformed environment, and considers the patterns of transformation of the community structure in the landscape-zonal range under the influence of natural conditions and anthropogenic factors. Landscape-ecological analysis of the taxonomic diversity and structure of the community of soil invertebrates in geosystems was carried out at the local (biogeocenology), topological (facies) and regional levels. The negative impact of anthropogenic pressure on the number, biomass and biodiversity of mesopedobionts is considered. Data on various forms of anthropogenic impact on soil biota at the regional level are summarized. Possibilities of using integral soil-biotic indicators for environmental monitoring and forecasting in conditions of potentially dangerous anthropogenic impacts are shown.
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Martynenko, O. V., V. N. Karminov, and P. V. Ontikov. "INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS ON THE SOIL CONDITION OF THE N.V. TSITSIN MAIN BOTANICAL GARDEN OF RAS." FOREST SCIENCE ISSUES 1, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31509/2658-607x-2021410.
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The territory of the N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences is subjected to significant anthropogenic stress, which has a negative effect on the state of valuable collections of tree and shrub species. Soil compaction is one of the most dangerous consequences of anthropogenic impact, expressed in increased recreational impact. In this context, the botanical garden was very concerned about the deterioration of the collection of elaeagnus species. Therefore, the soils on which these plants grow were chosen as the object of research. On this territory, three sampling plots with different degrees of anthropogenic impact were laid. Sampling plot No. 1 had the maximum anthropogenic impact. The area of medium anthropogenic impact was represented by the sampling plot No. 2. The sampling plot No. 3 where the anthropogenic impact was minimal was a reference plot. All the studied soils were classified as soddy-slightly podzolic medium loamy soils (Umbric Albeluvisols Abruptic). Fundamental differences in the morphological properties of the studied soils were that the soils located in the area of maximum anthropogenic impact, starting from a depth of 40 cm, showed gley spots, which were not found in other soils. Increased bulk density of soil in undisturbed state corresponded to increased anthropogenic impact. This led to a decrease in total pore space of soil. Soil compaction contributed to a noticeable decrease in gravimetric soil water content in upper horizons. At the same time, worsening of subsurface runoff contributed to gley-forming processes in the illuvial part of the profile. Cluster analysis revealed good grouping of the dependence of the studied indicators on the severity of anthropogenic impact. The studied indicators were separated depending on their type and position in the profile. The conducted study made it possible to assess the essential physical and hydrophysical properties of soils on the part of the territory of the Main Botanical garden of RAS that is occupied by the valuable collection of elaeagnus. Based on the results of the study, a set of measures is proposed that can significantly reduce the identified negative effects and improve the state of both the studied soils and stands growing on them in general.
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Pozniak, Stepan. "Soils in the modern changing world." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 49 (December 30, 2015): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2015.49.8644.
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The most common known about biological and ecological function of soils is their fertility, or in a broader sense – the biological productivity of soil. Despite the very small thickness of soil cover on the Earth, which is just a thin layer on the surface, this layer is the most biologically productive part of the biosphere. It is proved that the most important impact soils provided on human health, especially because of anthropogenic pollution of soils. Particularly one of the most discussed is the problem of anthropogenic pollution of soils in urban areas near major highways, in areas of mining, including oil, gas, non-ferrous metals, building materials, as well as soil pollution by radioactive elements and pesticides. Key words: soils, soil science, soil degradation, soil pathology, healthy of soil.
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Kirtsideli, Irina Yu, Sh B. Teshebaev, D. Yu Vlasov, Yu K. Novozhilov, E. V. Abakumov, E. P. Barantsevich, V. A. Krylenkov, and M. S. Zelenskaya. "CHANGES IN MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN PRIMARY SOIL AND GROUND UNDER THE ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE ON THE TERRITORY AROUND ANTARCTIC STATION “MIRNY”." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 10 (March 27, 2019): 949–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-10-949-955.
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Antarctic station “Mirny” was the first Russian (Soviet) polar station in Antarctica. The anthropogenic impact on the primary ground and soil in the area around of this polar station took place more than 60 years. This is reflected in both the chemical composition of the soil and microbial communities. The article shows multiple increasing of the number of bacteria and microscopic fungi in anthropogenic contaminated soils. Contamination of soil leads to changes of the structure of the microbial community. An increasing proportion of mesophilic bacteria isolates (90%) was shown. The increasing share spores and reduced the proportion of microscopic fungi mycelia were observed. Statistical analysis showed that we have identified almost all of the expected species that live in anthropogenic substrates (42 species), as well as in the control soils (17 species). But we identified only a part of fungal diversity in contaminated soils (32 species). The increase in the number of fungal species in the area of the polar station “Mirny” was proved to be connected with the human activity and introduction of new species. Native species of microscopic fungi were found to be able to colonize new materials previously unavailable to them. They also can be agents of active biodegradation of anthropogenic materials. Among fungal species isolated from anthropogenic contaminated soil and anthropogenic substrates more than 80% can be attributed to opportunistic organisms. Therefore the total number of microorganisms (CFU), the structure of the microbial complexes, the species composition of communities, indicator species, morphology and volume of biomass can be considered as an index of changes in soil microbial complexes and primary soils
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Sonn, Yeon-Kyu, Hyun-Jun Cho, Byung-Keun Hyun, and Kook-Sik Shin. "Classification of Anthropogenic Soil "Ingwan" Series." Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer 48, no. 5 (October 31, 2015): 535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7745/kjssf.2015.48.5.535.
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Xanxodjayeva, Nodira, Surayyo Mutalovna Ermatova, Umida Dilmurodovna Muradova, and Jasur Samandarovich Sadinov. "ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT OF CHEMICALS ON SOIL." Theoretical & Applied Science 48, no. 04 (April 30, 2017): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2017.04.48.35.
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Karmanov, I. I., D. S. Bulgakov, and E. A. Shishkonakova. "An assessment system of natural and anthropogenic effects on changes." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 72 (December 30, 2013): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2013-72-65-83.
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Under consideration are the calculation results obtained by means of the soil and agro-climatic index PAKI to estimate natural-anthropogenic positive and adverse effects on the soil fertility. The assessment of positive effects is exemplified by liming of soils in the southern taiga zone, whereas the assessment of adverse effects is considered with special reference to water erosion and soil washout in the forest-steppe and steppe zones. Such a methodological approach provides comparative spatially orientated information and allows assessing the soil quality rating scores for arable lands, thus showing (1) the efficiency of soil liming and (2) the degree of adverse effects exerted by water erosion on the soil fertility. The application of PAKI index meets demands of soil management and permits to forecast the transformation of soil resources, changes in the soil cover pattern, and soil productivity. It may serve as a background for land taxation.
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Wang, Zhengang, and Kristof Van Oost. "Modeling global anthropogenic erosion in the Holocene." Holocene 29, no. 3 (December 14, 2018): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618816499.
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A large proportion of natural vegetation has been converted to agricultural use, and this typically accelerates erosion by one to two orders of magnitude. Quantification of this accelerated erosion is important to understand the impact of human activities on soil ecosystem service given that soil erosion induces soil degradation and changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Until now, few studies have evaluated the accumulated impact of agricultural erosion, since the start of agriculture (ca. 6000 BC), on the soils system and the carbon cycle. In this study, we mainly focused on the enhanced water erosion by conversion of natural vegetation to crops, while wind erosion on the cropland is not assessed. We first evaluated and constrained existing anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) scenarios by comparing observed cumulative erosion for the agricultural period under a wide range of global agro-ecological conditions with model simulations. An optimized land-use scenario that makes the best fit between the simulation and the observation was derived in the model calibration. We further applied a spatially distributed erosion model, which was modified based on Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), under the optimized land-use scenario across globe to estimate the total anthropogenic cumulative erosion and characterize their spatial variability. Simulations suggest that conversion from natural vegetation to cropland has caused a global cumulative agricultural erosion of 27,187 ± 9030 Pg for the period of agriculture. This results in an average cumulative sediment mobilization of 1829 ± 613 kg m−2 on croplands, corresponding to a soil truncation of ca. 1.34 ± 0.45 m. Regions of early civilization, particularly with high cropland fractions such as South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Central America have higher area-averaged anthropogenic erosion than other regions. This results in spatial variability in soil truncation rates because of erosion, which would further affect the soil production rate. Our study shows that observations of long-term anthropogenic erosion at the catchment scale can be used to constrain the reconstructed land-use scenarios.
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Khayrulina, Elena, Anna Bogush, Larisa Novoselova, and Natalya Mitrakova. "Properties of Alluvial Soils of Taiga Forest under Anthropogenic Salinisation." Forests 12, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030321.
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The environmental impact of deposit development can be indirect and can cause combined geochemical processes in ecosystems. These must be taken into consideration under environmental forecasting and environmental risk assessment. Soil degradation in the Taiga Forest is considered, within the area of Verkhnekamskoye potash deposit (Russia), as an example of such environmental transformation. Here, the mechanism and characteristics of the anthropogenic salinisation of alluvial soils under potash deposit development are newly described. It was found that there is a strong anthropogenic impact of the potash industry on valley soils where the contaminated Na-Cl groundwater discharges or is close to the surface. The valley soils are characterised by high salinity, and the sum of toxic salts in soils has reached 26%. Alluvial gley humic clay chloride saline soil (Gleyic Fluvisols (Salic, Loamic, Technic)) and secondary solonchak on alluvial humic clay soil sulphate-chloride gypsum-containing surface-gleyed (Chloridic Gleyic Fluvic Solonchak (Hypersalic, Loamic, Technic)) were formed in hydromorphic conditions. Morphological, physicochemical and mineralogical analyses were carried out. Under hydromorphic conditions, Chloridic Gleyic Fluvic Solonchak (Hypersalic, Loamic) was described to show a hydrotroillite layer and reddish-yellow iron-rich precipitates on its surface. The top soil horizon has the highest content of iron minerals (up to 84.9%) and Fe-bearing plant residues (up to 20%). Additionally, the spongy and gel-like organic materials, as well as the siliceous remains of diatoms, are enriched in Ca, Fe, Cl, K, Na, S and P. The lower soil horizon consists of black gel-like phases and hydrogen sulphide settings with a high content of plant residues. The insoluble part of the samples contains up to 84% hydrogoethite. The sources of iron in soils and bottom sediments include the iron-enriched Sheshma sediments speckled rocks, slurry material, halite wastes and soil minerals of alluvial gley soils.
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Goon’ko, S. A. "Кадмій у ґрунтах м. Дніпродзержинськ." Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, medicine 2, no. 1 (April 24, 2011): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021104.
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Data on cadmium distribution in the soils of industrial, residential and recreational areas of Dniprodzerzhinsk city are presented. According to the classification of urban soils the following types of soils were identified in the city: urban soil proper, plantosoil, anthropogenic-surface-transformed natural soil and lawn soil. We have made the estimation of cadmium content. The problem of soils contamination in the city with high anthropogenic load is discussed. The total cadmium content in the industrial, residential and recreational soils of Dniprodzerzhinsk varies within 0.6–10.5 mg/kg, but movable forms make 0.1–3.4 mg/kg of soil. Cadmium in the urban soil proper of the right-bank city surpasses the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) twice. At the same time the soils in the left-bank area and in the eastern and western areas of the right-bank were under MPC.
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Zhang, Wentai, David C. Weindorf, Yuanda Zhu, Beatrix J. Haggard, and Noura Bakr. "Soil series and land use impacts on major soil properties: A quantitative comparison." Soil Research 50, no. 5 (2012): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr11247.
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Human-induced soil change is attracting increasing attention, yet how to quantitatively measure anthropogenic impact on changes in soil properties remains unclear. Eight selected soil properties—bulk density (BD), sand, silt, and clay content, pH, soil organic matter (SOM), total carbon (TC), and total nitrogen (TN)—at four soil depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40 cm) were measured across three soil series (Gallion, Latanier and Sharkey) in south-central Louisiana, USA, to quantify changes in soil properties as a function of three contrasting land use types, i.e. forest, cropland, and Wetlands Reserve Program. Partial eta-squared values (η2) derived from two-way analysis of variance were used to quantitatively compare natural factors (soil series) and anthropogenic impact (land use) on these soil properties. Results showed that properties such as BD, pH, SOM, TC, and TN could be easily changed by anthropogenic disturbance, especially at 0–10 cm, while soil texture was mainly a natural factor. The anthropogenic factor accounted for 55.2%, 39.5%, 33.2%, and 36.0% of changes in the soil properties at 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40 cm depth, respectively. These findings highlight the anthropogenic impact on selected soil properties.
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Ismaylova, L., and S. Guliyeva. "ASSESSMENT OF SENSITIVITY OF SOILS TO ANTHROPOGENIC LOADING OF THE SOUTHERN SLOPE OF GREATER CAUCASUS OF ENTRE RIOS DASHAGLYCHAY-GIRDIMANCHAY." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 70-71 (2018): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2018.70.10.
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In the present article, we discuss one of the main issues of planning the territory sensitivity soil to anthropogenic pressure. In the submitted article for the purpose of landscape planning based on soil, classification has been identified that affect the sensitivity of the land, exogenous relief and anthropogenic factors. During the estimated and soil and ecological researches of territorial lands, accounting of roughness of a relief, various soil cover, – establishment of complexity is of very great importance. Carrying out similar researches, promotes the protection of land risks, providing them sustainable development and also is of great importance by the search of their effective use. The article including researches of agro-ecological indicators of the soils which are most extended to territories has been carried out. It should be noted that the factor of the soil is considered one of the most important components by drawing up the of cards for the purpose of preparation of the program of a landscape planning. In landscape planning assessment of the soil is accepted as one of the main stages. For the correct and balanced use of the soil, her sensitivity to anthropogenic loadings is without fail studied and assessment is carried out. During the estimated and soil and ecological researches the lands, accounting of roughness of a relief, various soil cover, – establishment of complexity is of very great importance. Carrying out similar researches, promotes the protection of land results, providing them sustainable development and also is of great importance by the search of their effective use. In presenting to the article for the purpose of landscape planning on the basis of classification of soils have been defined, influencing sensitivity of lands, exogenous and anthropogenic factors. The “Classification and Assessment of Sensitivity of Soils to Anthropogenic Loading of the Southern Slope of Greater Caucasus of Entre Rios Dashagilchay-Girdimanchay” card on the basis of ARCGIS 10.2 is made. As basic data for the GIS-analysis of the explored region materials of satellite shooting of SRTM are used.
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Prokisch, József, B. Kovács, Z. Győri, T. Németh, L. West, S. Harper, and D. Adriano. "Normalization Method for the Detection of Low Level Chromium Contamination in the Soil of the Tisza River Floodplain (Hungary)." Agrokémia és Talajtan 55, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/agrokem.55.2006.1.30.
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A normalization method was tested for the detection of low level chromium contamination in the soil of the Tisza River Floodplain in Hungary. The soils' so-called “total” metal concentration (strong acid extractable fraction) is the basis of many environmental evaluation methods, soil tests. In the floodplain soils cadmium, lead, zinc and copper occur in elevated concentrations, but their chromium concentration is not significantly higher than that of the control soils. The normalization method makes it possible to calculate the anthropogenic and geogenic chromium concentration in soil. Anthropogenic chromium was not detectable on the control sites, but a significant amount (4-14 mg/kg) was found in the floodplain soil samples. The applied normalization method proved the low level chromium contamination in the floodplain.
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Sándor, Gábor, and György Szabó. "Influence of human activities on the soils of Debrecen, Hungary." Soil Science Annual 65, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2014-0001.
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Abstract Soil profiles of the city centre of Debrecen were investigated in order to examine their properties and investigate the vertical distribution of heavy metals as a measure the anthropogenic activity. During the laboratory work the basic soil features were identified (texture, artefact content, pH, CaCO3, and amounts of organic matter). Furthermore, contents of Pb, Zn, Cu and Co in the soils were measured. Most of the metals showed a strong positive correlation with the humus content and the silt fraction. The soils of the city centre are exposed to a significant anthropogenic effect, therefore the original soil morphologies are usually difficult to identify. The soil profiles are greatly disturbed, which is traceable in the vertical distribution of certain soil features and metal contents.
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Remeš, J., and R. Šíša. "Biological activity of anthropogenic soils after spoil-bank forest reclamation." Journal of Forest Science 53, No. 7 (January 7, 2008): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2075-jfs.
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The paper presents the results of relatively long-term research focused on spoil bank revitalization pro-cesses in the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin after the first three years of observations. The biological activity of soil (namely catalase and phosphatase activity), indicators of basal and potential soil respiration, ammonification and growth, development and nutrition status of forest plantations were selected as indicators of this revitalization process. These parameters were determined in five localities of different age of reclamation where different technological approaches and tree species compositions were used. The results confirm the distinct time dependence of revitalization processes. From the aspect of biological activity older reclamations are close to natural forest soil. The enrichment of top soil layer with organic matter before the plantation (by ploughing in cellulose fibres and peat addition) increased some parameters of soil biological activity. The positive amelioration effect of black alder (<i>Alnus glutinosa</i>) was also confirmed.
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Vlasenko, V. P., A. V. Osipov, and V. N. Slyusarev. "Diagnosis of human-induced degradation of soils of the Azov-Cuban lowland." E3S Web of Conferences 262 (2021): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126203007.
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The work presents the observational data of soil cover structure dynamics, changes in soil composition and properties under the influence of anthropogenic impact. A decrease of 6.0-7.4% in the share of black soils (Chernozem) over 50 years of observations and a corresponding increase in the area of waterlogged soils associated with closed depressions have been revealed. Due to the high dynamism of soil density with changes in its moisture content, a criterion has been sought to characterize this dependence and a method has been proposed to describe it using dynamic curves. The amplitude of density fluctuations and its dependence on the severity of anthropogenic degradation – 59 -78% – has been established. Correlation analysis confirmed a medium strength relationship (determination coefficient 0.39-0.42) between shrinkage and specific surface area of initial degradation soils and a strong relationship (determination coefficient 0.79-0.86) in meadow-chernozem compacted soils. A strong correlation has been found between the volumetric shrinkage and fines content in the size distribution (determination coefficient 0.84-0.96). A new diagnostic criterion (“T” criterion) for the intensity of hydrometamorphism and, in general, for the physical aspect of anthropogenic soil degradation has been proposed.
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Nunes, Márcio R., Harold M. van Es, Kristen S. Veum, Joseph P. Amsili, and Douglas L. Karlen. "Anthropogenic and Inherent Effects on Soil Organic Carbon across the U.S." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 5695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145695.
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Soil organic carbon (SOC) influences several soil functions, making it one of the most important soil health indicators. Its quantity is determined by anthropogenic and inherent factors that must be understood to improve SOC management and interpretation. Topsoil (≤15 cm) SOC response to tillage depth and intensity, cover crops, stover removal, manure addition, and various cropping systems was assessed using 7610 observations from eight U.S. regions. Overall, including cover crops, reducing tillage depth and intensity increased SOC. The positive effects of cover crops were more noticeable in South Central, Northwest, and Midwest regions. Removing high rates (>65%) of crop residue decreased SOC in Midwestern and Southeastern soils. Depending on region, applying manure increased SOC by 21 to 41%, compared to non-manured soils. Diversified cropping systems (e.g., those utilizing small mixed vegetables, perennials, or dairy-based systems) had the highest topsoil SOC content, while more intensive annual row crops and large-scale single vegetable production systems, had the lowest. Among inherent factors, SOC increased as precipitation increased, but decreased as mean annual temperature increased. Texture influenced SOC, showing higher values in fine-texture than coarse-texture soils. Finally, this assessment confirmed that SOC can be a sensitive soil health indicator for evaluating conservation practices.
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Samaniego, L., S. Thober, R. Kumar, N. Wanders, O. Rakovec, M. Pan, M. Zink, J. Sheffield, E. F. Wood, and A. Marx. "Anthropogenic warming exacerbates European soil moisture droughts." Nature Climate Change 8, no. 5 (April 23, 2018): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0138-5.
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Ivanov, A. L., I. Yu Savin, V. S. Stolbovoy, S. A. Avetyan, E. A. Shishkonakova, and A. N. Kashtanov. "Map of Anthropogenic Soil Erosion of Russia." Doklady Earth Sciences 493, no. 2 (August 2020): 654–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028334x20080097.
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Ulrich, Bernhard. "Natural and anthropogenic components of soil acidification." Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde 149, no. 6 (1986): 702–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpln.19861490607.
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Nearing, Mark A., Yun Xie, Baoyuan Liu, and Yu Ye. "Natural and anthropogenic rates of soil erosion." International Soil and Water Conservation Research 5, no. 2 (June 2017): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2017.04.001.
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Gísladóttir, Guðrún, Egill Erlendsson, Rattan Lal, and Jerry Bigham. "Erosional Effects on Terrestrial Resources over the last Millennium in Reykjanes, Southwest Iceland." Quaternary Research 73, no. 1 (January 2010): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2009.09.007.
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The study presents the effect of soil erosion on vegetation, soil accumulation (SA), SA rate (SAR), soil quality, soil mass, and the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool in Brown Andosols and Histosols in a 24-km area in southwest Iceland. Undisturbed prehistoric soils were distinguished from disturbed historic soils using tephrochronology. Soil erosion has been severe during historic time (last 1135 yr), resulting in the increase of the soil mass deposited in soils covered by vegetation by a factor of 7.3–9.2 and net loss of soil in unvegetated areas. The SAR correlated positively with SOC sequestration. SOC is easily transported and given the extensive accumulation of soil, the net effect of burial and subsequent reduction in decomposition is to increase SOC storage. Nevertheless, the increased accumulation and soil depletion has decreased soil quality, including the SOC, and reduced soil resistance to erosion with the depleted SOC contributing to enrichment of atmospheric CO2. The initial terrestrial disturbance was triggered by anthropogenic land use during the Medieval Warm Period, followed by volcanic activity approximately three centuries later. The combination of harsh climate during the Little Ice Age and drastic anthropogenic perturbations has led to land degradation at a catastrophic scale.
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Malyk, Roman, Andriy Kyrylchuk, Zinovy Pankiv, and Ihor Kasiyanyk. "Ecological and Geographical Features of Ontogenesis of Holocene Soils of Kamianets-Podilskyi Fortress." SHS Web of Conferences 100 (2021): 05006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110005006.
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The article analyzes the degree of study of the genetic features of Holocene soils of beligerative complexes. A detailed description of natural and anthropogenic conditions and factors determining the geography, genesis and ecological condition of modern and buried soils of beligerative structures of Kamianets-Podilskyi Fortress is given. Considerable attention is paid to the problem of ontogenesis of the dominant natural and anthropogenic soils within the study area, represented by urborendzins and constructional soils. The morphogenetic features of these soils have been studied. The soils of the beligerative complex are represented by naturally anthropogenic soils – urborendzins and constructional soils. They are polygenetic with complex phylogeny and their genesis includes at least two onogenesis. For a long time soils have been evolving naturally in form of typical rendzin, but have undergone quantitative and qualitative changes due to intensive anthropogenic activity. The genetic profile of soils is characterized by significant variability of morphological traits, the presence of eluvium of soil - forming rocks in the entire soil layer. the studied Holocene soils (modern and buried) are an integral part of the historical and cultural lands and need protection, as they contain information about the evolution of the territory and ways of its use.
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Baxter, James W., Stewart TA Pickett, Margaret M. Carreiro, and John Dighton. "Ectomycorrhizal diversity and community structure in oak forest stands exposed to contrasting anthropogenic impacts." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 6 (October 30, 1999): 771–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-039.
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We compared the ectomycorrhizal community structure of oak forest stands located in either an urban or a rural area. Urban stands had higher N deposition rates, soil heavy metal levels, and earthworm counts than rural stands. Ectomycorrhizal types were quantified on roots of mature oak (Quercus) in soil cores and on Quercus rubra L. seedlings grown in soil cores in the glasshouse. Twenty-six ectomycorrhizal types were distinguished on mature oak in rural soils versus 16 in urban soils. Nine ectomycorrhizal types were distinguished on Q. rubra seedlings grown in rural soils versus seven in urban soils. Despite fewer ectomycorrhizal types in urban soils, richness of ectomycorrhizal types per centimetre fine root of mature oak or Q. rubra seedlings did not differ between urban and rural soils. Ectomycorrhizal colonization (ectomycorrhizal tips/m fine root) was lower in urban than rural soil cores but higher on Q. rubra seedlings grown in urban versus rural soils. Fine root length per unit soil volume was higher in urban than rural stands. No difference in fine root length was observed between Q. rubra seedlings grown in urban and rural soils. These differences in ectomycorrhizal community structure between the urban and rural stands are likely due to anthropogenic impacts.Key words: air pollution, anthropogenic impacts, community structure, diversity, ectomycorrhiza, Quercus rubra.
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Krug, E. C., and D. Winstanley. "Comparison of mercury in atmospheric deposition and in Illinois and USA soils." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 1 (February 29, 2004): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-98-2004.
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Abstract. It has been reported that most mercury (Hg) in USA soils is from atmospheric Hg deposition, mostly from anthropogenic sources. This paper compares the rates of atmospheric Hg deposition to amounts of Hg in Illinois and USA soils. The amounts of Hg in these soils are too great to be attributed mainly to anthropogenic atmospheric Hg deposition. Keywords: mercury, atmospheric deposition, soil, geology, Illinois, USA
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Mamtimin, B., M. Badawy, T. Behrendt, F. X. Meixner, and T. Wagner. "The contribution of soil biogenic NO emissions from a managed hyper-arid ecosystem to the regional NO<sub>2</sub> emissions during growing season." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 23 (December 10, 2015): 34533–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-34533-2015.
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Abstract. A study was carried out to understand the contributions of soil biogenic NO emissions from managed (fertilized and irrigated) hyper-arid ecosystem in NW-China to the regional NO2 emissions during growing season. Soil biogenic NO emissions were quantified by laboratory incubation of corresponding soil samples. We have developed the Geoscience General Tool Package (GGTP) to obtain soil temperature, soil moisture and biogenic soil NO emission at oasis scale. Bottom-up anthropogenic NO2 emissions have been scaled down from annual to monthly values to compare mean monthly soil biogenic NO2 emissions. The top-down emission estimates have been derived from satellite observations compared then with the bottom-up emission estimates (anthropogenic and biogenic). The results show that the soil biogenic emissions of NO2 during the growing period are (at least) equal until twofold of the related anthropogenic sources. We found that the grape soils are the main summertime contributor to the biogenic NO emissions of study area, followed by cotton soils. The top-down and bottom-up emission estimates were shown to be useful methods to estimate the monthly/seasonal cycle of the total regional NO2 emissions. The resulting total NO2 emissions show a strong peak in winter and a secondary peak in summer, providing confidence in the method. These findings provide strong evidence that biogenic emissions from soils of managed drylands (irrigated and fertilized) in the growing period can be much more important contributors to the regional NO2 budget (hence to regional photochemistry) of dryland regions than thought before.
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Chen, Jie. "Anthropogenic soils and soil quality change under intensive management in China." Geoderma 115, no. 1-2 (July 2003): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7061(03)00070-3.
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Sova, Olha. "Gross chemical composition of soil of Sian-Dniester Upland." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 44 (November 28, 2013): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.44.1241.
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The results of studies of the gross chemical composition of soil of Sian-Dniester upland were given. Features of oxide content in soils and soil-forming rocks were considered. The changes that take place in one of the most conservative substances of soil due to anthropogenic use are analyzed. Key words: grey forest soils, dark grey podzolic soils, podzolized chernozems, gross chemical composition, oxides molar ratio, leaching, constitutional water.
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Sarkar, Binoy, Raj Mukhopadhyay, Sammani Ramanayaka, Nanthi Bolan, and Yong Sik Ok. "The role of soils in the disposition, sequestration and decontamination of environmental contaminants." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1834 (August 4, 2021): 20200177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0177.
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Soil serves as both a ‘source’ and ‘sink’ for contaminants. As a source, contaminants are derived from both ‘geogenic’ and ‘anthropogenic’ origins. Typically, while some of the inorganic contaminants including potentially toxic elements are derived from geogenic origin (e.g. arsenic and selenium) through weathering of parent materials, the majority of organic (e.g. pesticides and microplastics) as well as inorganic (e.g. lead, cadmium) contaminants are derived from anthropogenic origin. As a sink, soil plays a critical role in the transformation of these contaminants and their subsequent transfer to environmental compartments, including groundwater (e.g. pesticides), surface water (phosphate and nitrate), ocean (e.g. microplastics) and atmosphere (e.g. nitrous oxide emission). A complex transformation process of contaminants in soil involving adsorption, precipitation, redox reactions and biodegradation control the mobility, bioavailability and environmental toxicity of these contaminants. Soil also plays a major role in the decontamination of contaminants, and the ‘cleaning’ action of soil is controlled primarily by the physico-chemical interactions of contaminants with various soil components, and the biochemical transformations facilitated by soil microorganisms. In this article, we examine the geogenic and anthropogenic sources of contaminants reaching the soil, and discuss the role of soil in the sequestration and decontamination of contaminants in relation to various physico-chemical and microbial transformation reactions of contaminants with various soil components. Finally, we propose future actions that would help to maintain the role of soils in protecting the environment from contaminants and delivering sustainable development goals. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People’.
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Chartko, M. K., and A. A. Karpichenka. "Atmospheric precipitation on the soils of Belarusian Polesye." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 16, no. 1-2 (May 21, 2015): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041503.
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The article considers the influence of atmospheric precipitation in the form of dust and dry residue with rain and snow in the formation of technogenic situations in the soils of the Belarusian Polesye. Anthropogenic impact on the soil is formed as a result of entering into the soil of technogenesis product, is made up of atmospheric precipitation in the form of dust and rain, as well as key components of chemical reclamation (Ca, Mg, K, N, P) of soil. Based on field research and data of the Hydrometeorological Service of Belarus there was generalized the information and disclosed the regularities of dust deposition and mineral residue precipitation in Belarusian Polesye. Mapping the anthropogenic impact on the soil was performed using software packages ESRI ArcView and ESRI ArcGIS. It is set a noticeable spatial heterogeneity in the level of anthropogenic impact on the soil of the Belarusian Polesye, ranging from 6,3 t/ha per year in the district of Gantsevichi to 17,6 t/ha in Malorita district, Brest region. There is a general tendency of increasing of the given parameter in the direction from north-east to south-west of Polesye. The level of anthropogenic impact is largely dependent on natural (soil properties and structure of the soil) and economic (level of development and specialization of industry and agriculture) factors. The lowest value of the anthropogenic impact (less than 7,5 t/ha per year) is characteristic for areas with underdeveloped industry and a high proportion of drained peat soils: Gantsevichi, Oktyabrsky, Narovlya and Zhitkovichi. For the western part of the Belarusian Polesye (Malorita, Stolin, Ivanovo, Berezovsky, Drogichin areas) other than large areas of sandy soils, characterized by increased loads on agropochvy (12,1 or more t/ha per year), the largest contribution falls on the organic fertilizers. Technogenic situation in the soils was estimated based on the amount of annual agrotechnogenic load on the soil, air emissions from stationary sources and the level of radioactive contamination, formed as a result of the Chernobyl accident. As a result, we allocated favorable, satisfactory, conflict, tension, and critical situation. Favorable technogenic situation is typical for soils under forests and within specially protected areas (national parks and nature reserves) with anthropogenic load of less than 1 t/ha, not contaminated and distant from industrial centers. Such conditions correspond to 15 % of the Belarusian Polesye near major rivers and their tributaries in the region (the area between the Dnieper and the Sozh, the middle flow for the Pripyat and its tributaries Sluch, Yaselda, Ubort). A satisfactory situation has developed for 28,5 % of the territory, mainly within the northern part of the Pripyat Polesye due to a moderate level of anthropogenic pressure, in part – in the border of forest and wetland areas due to contamination with radionuclides. The conflict situation is typical for the northern part of Brest and Mozyr Polesye, on the right bank of the Dnieper and Berezina rivers, as well as in the area between Pina and Goryn rivers (27,7 %). In the southern part of the Brest Polesye, as well as in the countryside and along the Goryn river valley there is a tense situation (22,2 %), due to high anthropogenic pressure and intensive agricultural activities, in the latter case – also complicated by radioactive contamination. Critical man-made situation (7 %), which is observed in the south-east of Polesye, is due to high levels of radioactive contamination within the Polesye State Radiation Ecological Reserve and adjacent areas, despite the relatively low levels of air and agrotechnogenic pollution.
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Averkina, T. I., and V. T. Trofimov. "ANTHROPOGENIC CHANGING OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL MEGASTRUCTURES OF RUSSIA." Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33623/0579-9406-2018-1-81-89.
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Engineering activity leads to anthropogenic transformation of engineering-geological conditions of various territories of Russia. Differential assessment of changes in individual components of engineering-geological structures: relief, soils and rocks, underground water, depth of seasonal freezing–thawing soil, actual geological processes was made. The integral estimation of anthropogenic variation of engineering-geological megastructures Russia conducted on the basis of differential assessments of components.
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Anne Naeth, M., Heather A. Archibald, Candace L. Nemirsky, Leonard A. Leskiw, J. Anthony Brierley, Michael D. Bock, A. J. VandenBygaart, and David S. Chanasyk. "Proposed classification for human modified soils in Canada: Anthroposolic order." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 92, no. 1 (January 2012): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2011-028.
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Naeth, M. A., Archibald, H. A., Nemirsky, C. L., Leskiw, L. A., Brierley, J. A., Bock, M. D., VandenBygaart, A. J. and Chanasyk, D. S. 2012. Proposed classification for human modified soils in Canada: Anthroposolic order. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 7–18. With increasing anthropogenic activity, the areal extent of disturbed soils is becoming larger and disturbances more intense. Regulatory frameworks must incorporate reclamation criteria for these disturbed soils, requiring consistent descriptions and interpretations. Many human altered soils cannot be classified using the Canadian System of Soil Classification (CSSC), thus an Anthroposolic Order is proposed. Anthroposols are azonal soils, highly modified or constructed by human activity, with one or more natural horizons removed, removed and replaced, added to, or significantly modified. Defining features are severe disruption of soil forming factors and introduction of potentially new pedogenic trajectories. Disturbed layers are anthropic in origin and contain materials significantly modified physically and/or chemically by human activities. Three great groups are defined by presence of anthropogenic artefacts and organic carbon content. Six subgroups are based on a cover soil layer with higher organic carbon content than the profile below it, on depth of disturbance, on drainage characteristics and water regime at the site. Some new phases and modifiers, in addition to traditional ones used in the CSSC, are based on chemical and physical properties and origins of anthropogenic artefacts. The proposed classification has been successfully applied to reclaimed profiles and is ready for widespread field testing.
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Haskevych, O. "Physical soil degradation of Holohory-Kremenets hill ridge." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 46 (2013): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.46.1459.
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The article investigates soil Holohory-Kremenets Hill Ridge. Attention is paid to the study of the physical properties of the main soil types of Holohory-Kremenets Hill Ridge. As the research area is a region of long agricultural use, soils undergo the intense of anthropogenic pressure. The article analyzes the level of degradation of physical properties of soils of studied area. Key words: soil, physical properties, density, porosity, structure and degradation.
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O'Brien, Bernard John. "The Use of Natural and Anthropogenic 14C to Investigate the Dynamics of Soil Organic Carbon." Radiocarbon 28, no. 2A (1986): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200007463.
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Radiocarbon has been measured in two soil profiles, one of which has been covered by a building since 1956. A comparison of the Δ14C values in horizons of each profile gives an estimate of the total input of atom bomb 14C into the soil profile. From the Δ14C and carbon density profile data, the carbon input rates, respiration rates, and diffusivity are calculated. The lack of vegetation on one soil affects the mobility and the respiration rate of the soil carbon in that soil. The data from this soil profile are also used to check the assumption, used in previous analyses, that there is a uniform distribution of ‘old’ carbon down the soil profile. The input rate, turnover time, and diffusivity parameters determined from the Δ14C profiles in these soils are compared with other published data on pasture and forest soils.
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Majeed, D. S., M. V. Reshetnikov, V. N. Eremin, and A. S. Sheshnev. "Concentration of Mobile Forms of Heavy Metals and Magnetic Properties of Soils in the Town of Volsk, Saratov Region, Russia." South of Russia: ecology, development 15, no. 1 (April 16, 2020): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2020-1-137-144.
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Aim. Magnetic susceptibility is a fast, inexpensive and reliable technique for estimating and monitoring anthropogenic contamination of soil with heavy metals. However, certain factors affecting magnetic susceptibility need to be determined before applying this technique to environmental studies. The objectives of this study were to investigate: (1) the effect of parent materials and land use on magnetic susceptibility and concentrations of Ni, Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu and Zn; and (2) the possible use of magnetic susceptibility as an indicator of anthropogenic heavy metals contamination of soil in the city of Volsk, Saratov region, Russia.Material and Methods. Fifty (50) composite surface soil samples (0–10 cm) were selected. 1M HNO3 extractable concentrations of Ni, Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu and Zn were analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Concentrations of organic matter in the soil were determined. Magnetic susceptibility at low and high frequency (χlf and χhf) were measured and frequency dependent susceptibility (χfd) was calculated.Results. Magnetic susceptibility varied from 1.34 to 29.6 × 10−7 m3 kg−1. A positive strong correlation (P value = 0.01, r = 0.55) was obtained between Pb and χlf. Significant correlational relationships were observed between Pb with χlf, most likely due to significant effects of anthropogenic activities on magnetic susceptibility, therefore enhancing Pb concentrations in urban soils.Conclusions. In the soils studied, magnetic susceptibility could be employed as an indicator of anthropogenic contamination of soil with heavy metals.
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Kowalska, Aneta, Anna Grobelak, Åsgeir R. Almås, and Bal Ram Singh. "Effect of Biowastes on Soil Remediation, Plant Productivity and Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration: A Review." Energies 13, no. 21 (November 6, 2020): 5813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215813.
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High anthropogenic activities are constantly causing increased soil degradation and thus soil health and safety are becoming an important issue. The soil quality is deteriorating at an alarming rate in the neighborhood of smelters as a result of heavy metal deposition. Organic biowastes, also produced through anthropogenic activities, provide some solutions for remediation and management of degraded soils through their use as a substrate. Biowastes, due to their high content of organic compounds, have the potential to improve soil quality, plant productivity, and microbial activity contributing to higher humus production. Biowaste use also leads to the immobilization and stabilization of heavy metals, carbon sequestration, and release of macro and micronutrients. Increased carbon sequestration through biowaste use helps us in mitigating climate change and global warming. Soil amendment by biowaste increases soil activity and plant productivity caused by stimulation in shoot and root length, biomass production, grain yield, chlorophyll content, and decrease in oxidative stress. However, biowaste application to soils is a debatable issue due to their possible negative effect of high heavy metal concentration and risks of their accumulation in soils. Therefore, regulations for the use of biowastes as fertilizer or soil amendment must be improved and strictly employed to avoid environmental risks and the entry of potentially toxic elements into the food chain. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the effects of biowastes on soil remediation, plant productivity, and soil organic carbon sequestration.
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Baluk, Sviatoslav, and Liudmyla Vorotyntseva. "Transformation of properties of chornozems and their resistance to anthropogenic pressure." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 44 (November 28, 2013): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.44.1179.
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The directions of the transformation of the properties of chernozems under the influence of agricultural use and irrigation are shown. For balanced and sustainable land use is required anthropogenic load on the soil based on the definition of acceptable environmental risk of degradation, taking into account the soil stability to anthropogenic pressure. Keywords: soil properties, soil, humus, irrigation, soil stability, black soil.
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Elshaeva, I. V., V. I. Titova, E. V. Voropaeva, A. S. Pinaeva, and O. I. Vetchinnikova. "Features of the ecological state of agricultural land adjacent to urbanized areas." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1010, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1010/1/012035.
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Abstract The paper presents a study of the state of sod-podzolic soils to assess the degree and direction of anthropogenic transformation of agricultural lands located in an urbanized territory. The analysis of the content of heavy metals and arsenic in the soil, depending on the distance from the source of pollution. Significant soil contamination with cadmium and copper was revealed at a distance of 10 meters from the road. The expediency of using the selected criteria for identifying the source of anthropogenic impact and land monitoring is noted.
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Huang, He, Yong Zhou, Yujie Liu, Ke Li, Liang Xiao, Mengyao Li, Yang Tian, and Fei Wu. "Assessment of Anthropogenic Sources of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil from Arable Land Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis and Random Forest Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 8538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208538.
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In order to study the spatial distribution and anthropogenic sources of potentially toxic elements in Xiangzhou, soil samples were collected from arable land and were analyzed for five different potentially toxic elements: Cd, Hg, As, Pb, and Cr. Inverse distance weighting (IDW) was used to study the spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements in the soil, while principal component analysis (PCA) and random forest analysis (RFA) were applied to examine the anthropogenic sources. It was shown that the combination of multiple analysis tools provides an effective way of delineating multiple potentially toxic elements from anthropogenic sources. The results showed that the average contents of Cd, Hg, and Cr in soils were lower than the background values of Hubei, whereas the average concentrations of As and Pb in soils were higher than the background values of Hubei. Through PCA, it was concluded that human activities contributed more than 60% of the As, Pb, and Cr concentrations in Xiangzhou soils, which was verified by a random forest simulation methodology. Through random forest analysis, Pb, As, and Cr in the soil were found to originate from factories and enterprises, livestock farms, mining areas, and traffic; Cd in the soil was found to originate from mining and the processing of minerals, human production and construction activities, and agricultural irrigation; and Hg in the soil was found to originate from livestock manure, mining and processing of minerals, and human industrial production. The results of this study could provide support for better management of soil pollution through prevention practices such as specific industrial governance and layout optimization.
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Osipov, A. V., V. N. Slyusarev, V. P. Vlasenko, and I. I. Suminski. "Anthropogenic impact on grain-size distribution and agrophysical properties of soils of cultivated rice lands of Kuban." E3S Web of Conferences 262 (2021): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126203006.
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This work reviews the relation of the grain-size distribution and impact of the use of rice rotation soils on the main agrophysical indicators of soils that determine the composition and properties of soil cover of modern delta of Kuban. The regularities of dependence between the density of the matrix soil and the grain-size distribution that consist of mineral composition of alluvial soils and rocks have been identified. The trend towards increase in soil density with increase in physical clay and silt content, as well as increase in matrix soil density has been established. No significant differences in agrophysical properties of subsurface soil horizons and underlying formations have been identified. The agrophysical indicators of soils of rice fields and boharic analogues during their agricultural use have been assessed. The hydromorphic soil-forming processes did not lead to considerable changes in agrophysical properties of alluvial formations and soils involved in rice rotation.
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Chevychelov, A. P., A. A. Alekseev, and L. I. Kuznetsova. "Magnetic Susceptibility of Permafrost Meadow-Chernozem Soils of Central Yakutia." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Biology. Ecology 36 (2021): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3372.2021.36.57.
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Magnetic susceptibility was studied for the first time, as well as geographical and genetic features of the formation of properties and composition of permafrost meadowchernozem soils in Central Yakutia, depending on the conditions of soil formation and anthropogenic impact. A total of 11 soil sections were studied, with 6 soils developing under natural vegetation, and 5 under various agricultural lands. Various soil research methods, such as comparative geographical, profile-genetic, and comparative-analytical, were used in the course of this work, and the composition and properties of soils were determined using generally accepted methods. The volume magnetic susceptibility (VMS) was determined using a smallsized magnetic susceptibility meter KM-7, which is an improved version of the kt- 6 kappameter. The value of the specific magnetic susceptibility (SMS) was obtained by dividing the VMS value by the soil density p (expressed in kg/m3), χ = χ/p. It is shown that the properties of the studied soils differed significantly depending on the conditions of soil formation, as well as on the nature and level of anthropogenic impact. Also, the values of VMS and SMS of these soils of natural landscapes of Central Yakutia changed significantly, making up 31.4-138.9 Si units, respectively. 31.4-102.3ꞏ10-8 m3/kg. Even more variable values of VMS and SMS were observed in anthropogenic-modified analogs of the studied soils, where the values of VMS were 31.5-267.8 Si units, and those of SMS– 30.6-199.8ꞏ10-8 m3/kg. The magnetic profiles of the studied soils, which are characterized by the ratio χ/χc in the soils of natural landscapes corresponded to a more or less uniform type of distribution, where the values of the ratio χ/χc were 0.7-1.3, while in the studied soils of anthropogenic landscapes the values of these relations significantly narrow down and expanded to 0.2-2.0. This cardinally distinguishes the magnetic profiles of the studied permafrost meadow-chernozem soils from the corresponding chernozem soils of other non-permafrost regions of Russia, where accumulative types of magnetic profiles are usually formed, and the ratio χ/χc in the surface humus horizons is about 1,5 or even more.
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Lee, Seung-Been, Hyen-Chung Chun, Hyun-Jun Cho, Byung-Keun Hyun, Kwan-Cheol Song, Yong-Seon Zhang, Yeon-Kyu Sonn, and Chan-Won Park. "Soil Classification of Anthropogenic Soils in a Remodeled Area Using Soil Taxonomy and World Reference Base for Soil Resources." Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer 46, no. 6 (December 31, 2013): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7745/kjssf.2013.46.6.536.
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