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Journal articles on the topic 'Anthropogenically induced change'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

C.C., Asonye, Leslie T.A., Sodimu J., Fadipe O., and Kenai N.D. "Anthropogenically Induced Ecosystem Dysfunction and Human Health." African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research 4, no. 3 (July 24, 2021): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-w0lhry0n.

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Health is the most basic human right and one of the most important indicators of sustainable development. Individuals, communities and societies depend on healthy ecosystems support to remain healthy. Well-functioning ecosystems provide goods and services essential for human health. These goods and services include nutrition and food security, clean air and fresh water, medicines, cultural and spiritual values, and contributions to local livelihoods and economic development. They can also help to limit disease and stabilize the climate. However, over the years human activities have been consta

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Goman, Michelle, Arthur Joyce, and Raymond Mueller. "Stratigraphic evidence for anthropogenically induced coastal environmental change from Oaxaca, Mexico." Quaternary Research 63, no. 3 (May 2005): 250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2005.02.008.

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Previous interdisciplinary paleoenvironmental and archaeological research along the Río Verde Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico, showed that Holocene erosion in the highland valleys of the upper drainage basin triggered geomorphic changes in the river's coastal floodplain. This article uses stratigraphic data from sediment cores extracted from Laguna Pastoría, an estuary in the lower Río Verde Valley, to examine changes in coastal geomorphology potentially triggered by highland erosion. Coastal lagoon sediments contain a stratigraphically and chronologically distinct record of major hurricane strikes d

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Bissett, Andrew, Mark V. Brown, Steven D. Siciliano, and Peter H. Thrall. "Microbial community responses to anthropogenically induced environmental change: towards a systems approach." Ecology Letters 16 (May 2013): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12109.

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Apsimon, H., I. Thornton, W. Fyfe, Yetang Hong, J. Leggett, J. O. Nriagu, J. M. Pacyna, et al. "Anthropogenically induced global change — Report of working group 3, IUGS workshop on global change past and present." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 82, no. 1-2 (May 1990): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(12)80024-1.

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Apsimon, H. "Anthropogenically induced global change — Report of working group 3, IUGS workshop on global change past and present." Global and Planetary Change 2, no. 1-2 (May 1990): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-8181(90)90040-j.

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Strasser, A. "Global change and the decline of coral reefs." Geographica Helvetica 54, no. 3 (September 30, 1999): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-54-125-1999.

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Abstract. Ever since coral reefs exist, changing environmental conditions have periodically led to their decline. However, within the perspective of geological time-spans, corals have always managed to re-install themselves. Today, human activity has enhanced stress factors and added new ones that cause a rapid and (on the human time-scale) irreversible decline of many reef ecosystems. The reasons for the disturbance of these complex communities are multiple, but global warming is a key factor. As a result, coral reefs lose their vital role of protecting coastal areas from flooding and storm i

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Schallenberg, Marc, and Émilie Saulnier-Talbot. "Trajectory of an anthropogenically induced ecological regime shift in a New Zealand shallow coastal lake." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 10 (2016): 1522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15211.

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This study examines environmental change over the post-colonial period at Wainono (South Canterbury, New Zealand), a coastal lagoon and wetland of national and international significance for native birds and fish, currently targeted for restoration. In order to better understand the recent trajectory of this ecosystem, a multi-proxy palaeolimnological approach was adopted, including the analysis of core composition, and diatom and macrofossil assemblages in sedimentary archives. Results indicated that a combination of land-use changes in the catchment and water-level control, by an artificial

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Blattmann, Thomas M., Martin Wessels, Cameron P. McIntyre, and Timothy I. Eglinton. "Projections for Future Radiocarbon Content in Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in Hardwater Lakes: A Retrospective Approach." Radiocarbon 60, no. 3 (March 4, 2018): 791–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2018.12.

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ABSTRACTInland water bodies contain significant amounts of carbon in the form of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) derived from a mixture of modern atmospheric and pre-aged sources, which needs to be considered in radiocarbon-based dating and natural isotope tracer studies. While reservoir effects in hardwater lakes are generally considered to be constant through time, a comparison of recent and historical DI14C data from 2013 and 1969 for Lake Constance reveals that this is not a valid assumption. We hypothesize that changes in atmospheric carbon contributions to lake water DIC have taken plac

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van Elk, Jan, Stephen J. Bourne, Steve J. Oates, Julian J. Bommer, Rui Pinho, and Helen Crowley. "A Probabilistic Model to Evaluate Options for Mitigating Induced Seismic Risk." Earthquake Spectra 35, no. 2 (May 2019): 537–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/050918eqs118m.

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Common responses to induced seismicity are based on control of the anthropogenic activity causing the earthquakes, such as fluid injection or withdrawal, in order to limit either the magnitudes of the events or the level of ground motion to within established thresholds. An alternative risk-mitigation option is seismic retrofitting of the more vulnerable buildings potentially exposed to the ground shaking to reduce the risk to acceptable levels. Optimal mitigation strategies may combine both production control and structural strengthening, for which a probabilistic risk model is required that

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Hill, Spencer A., Yi Ming, and Isaac M. Held. "Mechanisms of Forced Tropical Meridional Energy Flux Change." Journal of Climate 28, no. 5 (February 26, 2015): 1725–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00165.1.

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Abstract Anthropogenically forced changes to the mean and spatial pattern of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) alter tropical atmospheric meridional energy transport throughout the seasonal cycle—in total, its partitioning between the Hadley cells and eddies and, for the Hadley cells, the relative roles of the mass flux and the gross moist stability (GMS). The authors investigate this behavior using an atmospheric general circulation model forced with SST anomalies caused by either historical greenhouse gas or aerosol forcing, dividing the SST anomalies into two components: the tropical mean SST

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Safriel, Uriel N., Sergei Volis, and Salit Kark. "CORE AND PERIPHERAL POPULATIONS AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 42, no. 4 (May 13, 1994): 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1994.10676584.

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Environmental conditions outside the periphery of a species' distribution prevent population persistence, hence peripheral populations live under conditions different from those of core populations. Peripheral areas are characterized by variable and unstable conditions, relative to core areas. Peripheral populations are expected to be genetically more variable, since the variable conditions induce fluctuating selection, which maintains high genetic diversity. Alternatively, due to marginal ecological conditions at the periphery, populations there are small and isolated; the within-population d

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Mieszkowska, N., H. Sugden, L. B. Firth, and S. J. Hawkins. "The role of sustained observations in tracking impacts of environmental change on marine biodiversity and ecosystems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2025 (September 28, 2014): 20130339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0339.

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Marine biodiversity currently faces unprecedented threats from multiple pressures arising from human activities. Global drivers such as climate change and ocean acidification interact with regional eutrophication, exploitation of commercial fish stocks and localized pressures including pollution, coastal development and the extraction of aggregates and fuel, causing alteration and degradation of habitats and communities. Segregating natural from anthropogenically induced change in marine ecosystems requires long-term, sustained observations of marine biota. In this review, we outline the histo

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Lema, Sean C., Samantha L. Bock, Morgan M. Malley, and Emma A. Elkins. "Warming waters beget smaller fish: evidence for reduced size and altered morphology in a desert fish following anthropogenic temperature change." Biology Letters 15, no. 10 (October 2019): 20190518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0518.

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Poikilothermic organisms are predicted to show reduced body sizes as they experience warming environments under a changing global climate. Such a shrinking of size is expected under scenarios where rising temperatures increase cellular reaction rates and basal metabolic energy demands, therein requiring limited energy to be shifted from growth. Here, we provide evidence that the ecological changes associated with warming may not only lead to shrinking body size but also trigger shifts in morphology. We documented 33.4 and 39.0% declines in body mass and 7.2 and 7.6% reductions in length for ma

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Jordan, Hannah, Francesca Cigna, and Luke Bateson. "Identifying natural and anthropogenically-induced geohazards from satellite ground motion and geospatial data: Stoke-on-Trent, UK." International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 63 (December 2017): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2017.07.003.

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Makarieva, Anastassia, Victor G. Gorshkov, Brendan Mackey, and Vadim V. Gorshkov. "How Valid are the Biological and Ecological Principles Underpinning Global Change Science?" Energy & Environment 13, no. 3 (July 2002): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/095830502320268142.

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The prevailing scientific approach to investigating and understanding the environmental consequences of human-induced global change is underpinned by two basic biological principles. First, the principle that species genetically adapt to changing environment conditions. Second, the principle that nutrients present in the environment in the smallest relative concentrations limit biological productivity. We contend that both principles have been formulated based on the results of investigations into either artificially selected organisms, or anthropogenically perturbed landscapes. In both these

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Alewell, C., R. Giesler, J. Klaminder, J. Leifeld, and M. Rollog. "Stable carbon isotopes as indicators for environmental change in palsa peats." Biogeosciences 8, no. 7 (July 8, 2011): 1769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1769-2011.

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Abstract. Palsa peats are unique northern ecosystems formed under an arctic climate and characterized by a high biodiversity and sensitive ecology. The stability of the palsas are seriously threatened by climate warming which will change the permafrost dynamic and induce a degradation of the mires. We used stable carbon isotope depth profiles in two palsa mires of Northern Sweden to track environmental change during the formation of the mires. Soils dominated by aerobic degradation can be expected to have a clear increase of carbon isotopes (δ13C) with depth, due to preferential release of 12C

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Sierra, C. A., M. E. Harmon, E. Thomann, S. S. Perakis, and H. W. Loescher. "Amplification and dampening of soil respiration by changes in temperature variability." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 6 (December 10, 2010): 8979–9008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-8979-2010.

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Abstract. Accelerated release of carbon from soils is one of the most important feedbacks related to anthropogenically induced climate change. Studies addressing the mechanisms for soil carbon release through organic matter decomposition have focused on the effect of changes in the average temperature, with little attention to changes in temperature variability. Anthropogenic activities are likely to modify both the average state and the variability of the climatic system; therefore, the effects of future warming on decomposition should not only focus on trends in the average temperature, but

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Sierra, C. A., M. E. Harmon, E. Thomann, S. S. Perakis, and H. W. Loescher. "Amplification and dampening of soil respiration by changes in temperature variability." Biogeosciences 8, no. 4 (April 19, 2011): 951–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-951-2011.

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Abstract. Accelerated release of carbon from soils is one of the most important feedbacks related to anthropogenically induced climate change. Studies addressing the mechanisms for soil carbon release through organic matter decomposition have focused on the effect of changes in the average temperature, with little attention to changes in temperature variability. Anthropogenic activities are likely to modify both the average state and the variability of the climatic system; therefore, the effects of future warming on decomposition should not only focus on trends in the average temperature, but

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Ives, M. C., J. P. Scandol, S. S. Montgomery, and I. M. Suthers. "Modelling the possible effects of climate change on an Australian multi-fleet prawn fishery." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 12 (2009): 1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07110.

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The relationship between fisheries and climate has been given renewed emphasis owing to increasing concern regarding anthropogenically induced climate change. This relationship is particularly important for estuarine fisheries, where there are documented correlations between river discharge and productivity. The commercial catch of school prawns (Metapenaeus macleayi) has been shown to be positively correlated with the rates of river discharge in northern New South Wales, Australia. In the present study, a simulation model was developed to analyse the dynamics of the stock for 10 years under a

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Potapov, Peter, Svetlana Turubanova, Ilona Zhuravleva, Matthew Hansen, Alexey Yaroshenko, and Alexander Manisha. "Forest Cover Change within the Russian European North after the Breakdown of Soviet Union (1990–2005)." International Journal of Forestry Research 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/729614.

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Forest cover dynamics (defined as tree canopy cover change without regard to forest land use) within the Russian European North have been analyzed from 1990 to 2005 using a combination of results from two Landsat-based forest cover monitoring projects: 1990–2000 and 2000–2005. Results of the forest cover dynamics analysis highlighted several trends in forest cover change since the breakdown of the Soviet planned economy. While total logging area decreased from the 1990–2000 to the 2000–2005 interval, logging and other forms of anthropogenically-induced clearing increased within the Central and

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López-Sáez, José Antonio, Sebastián Pérez-Díaz, Didier Galop, Francisca Alba-Sánchez, and Daniel Abel-Schaad. "A Late Antique Vegetation History of the Western Mediterranean in Context." Late Antique Archaeology 11, no. 1 (October 3, 2015): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-12340054.

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AbstractFossil pollen records from 70 sites with reliable chronologies and high-resolution data in the western Mediterranean, were synthesised to document Late Holocene vegetation and climate change. The key elements of vegetation dynamics and landscape construction during Late Antiquity are clear in the light of the fossil pollen records. These are: fire events (natural or anthropogenically induced); grazing activities in high-mountain areas; agriculture; arboriculture; and human settlement in the lowlands. In terms of anthropogenic pressure, the differences recorded between highlands and low

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Palikhe, Bhakta R. "Relationship between pesticide use and climate change for crops." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 8 (December 26, 2007): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v8i0.731.

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The use (and abuse) of pesticides has increased to combat insect-pests and diseases. However, the major causes concern of are the undesirable side effects of these chemicals on biodiversity, environment, food quality and human health .Climate change will have important implications for insect conservation and pest status. Climate and weather can substantially influence the development and distribution of insects. Most of the warming over the last 50 years is likely to have been due to man-made activities. Anthropogenically induced climatic change arising from increasing levels of atmospheric g

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Alewell, C., R. Giesler, J. Klaminder, J. Leifeld, and M. Rollog. "Stable carbon isotopes as indicators for micro-geomorphic changes in palsa peats." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 1 (January 19, 2011): 527–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-527-2011.

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Abstract. Palsa peats are unique northern ecosystems formed under an arctic climate and characterized by an unique biodiversity and ecology. The stability of the palsas are seriously threatened by climate warming which will change the permafrost dynamic and results in degradation of the mires. We used stable carbon isotope depth profiles in two palsa mires of Northern Sweden to track environmental change during the formation of the mires. Carbon isotope (δ13C) depth profile of the yet undisturbed mire Storflaket indicated very low to no degradation of the peat in the water saturated depression

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Evans, Matthew R., Ken J. Norris, and Tim G. Benton. "Predictive ecology: systems approaches." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1586 (January 19, 2012): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0191.

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The world is experiencing significant, largely anthropogenically induced, environmental change. This will impact on the biological world and we need to be able to forecast its effects. In order to produce such forecasts, ecology needs to become more predictive—to develop the ability to understand how ecological systems will behave in future, changed, conditions. Further development of process-based models is required to allow such predictions to be made. Critical to the development of such models will be achieving a balance between the brute-force approach that naively attempts to include ever

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Rutter, Ernest, and Abigail Hackston. "On the effective stress law for rock-on-rock frictional sliding, and fault slip triggered by means of fluid injection." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2103 (August 21, 2017): 20160001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0001.

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Fluid injection into rocks is increasingly used for energy extraction and for fluid wastes disposal, and can trigger/induce small- to medium-scale seismicity. Fluctuations in pore fluid pressure may also be associated with natural seismicity. The energy release in anthropogenically induced seismicity is sensitive to amount and pressure of fluid injected, through the way that seismic moment release is related to slipped area, and is strongly affected by the hydraulic conductance of the faulted rock mass. Bearing in mind the scaling issues that apply, fluid injection-driven fault motion can be s

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Pettit, Lachlan, Mathew S. Crowther, Georgia Ward-Fear, and Richard Shine. "Divergent long-term impacts of lethally toxic cane toads (Rhinella marina) on two species of apex predators (monitor lizards, Varanus spp.)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 22, 2021): e0254032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254032.

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Biological invasions can massively disrupt ecosystems, but evolutionary and ecological adjustments may modify the magnitude of that impact through time. Such post-colonisation shifts can change priorities for management. We quantified the abundance of two species of giant monitor lizards, and of the availability of their mammalian prey, across 45 sites distributed across the entire invasion trajectory of the cane toad (Rhinella marina) in Australia. One varanid species (Varanus panoptes from tropical Australia) showed dramatic population collapse with toad invasion, with no sign of recovery at

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Tsigaridis, K., M. Krol, F. J. Dentener, Y. Balkanski, J. Lathière, S. Metzger, D. A. Hauglustaine, and M. Kanakidou. "Change in global aerosol composition since preindustrial times." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 3 (June 28, 2006): 5585–628. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-5585-2006.

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Abstract. To elucidate human induced changes of aerosol load and composition in the atmosphere, a coupled aerosol and gas-phase chemistry transport model of the troposphere and lower stratosphere has been used. This is the first 3-d modeling study that focuses on aerosol chemical composition change since preindustrial times considering the secondary organic aerosol formation together with all other main aerosol components including nitrate. In particular, we evaluate non-sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO4=), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), black carbon (BC), sea-salt, dust, primary and secondary organ

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Boest-Petersen, Alexander, Piotr Michalak, and Jamal Jokar Arsanjani. "Impact Assessment Analysis of Sea Level Rise in Denmark: A Case Study of Falster Island, Guldborgsund." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 6, 2021): 7503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137503.

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Anthropogenically-induced climate change is expected to be the contributing cause of sea level rise and severe storm events in the immediate future. While Danish authorities have downscaled the future oscillation of sea level rise across Danish coast lines in order to empower the coastal municipalities, there is a need to project the local cascading effects on different sectors. Using geospatial analysis and climate change projection data, we developed a proposed workflow to analyze the impacts of sea level rise in the coastal municipalities of Guldborgsund, located in Southeastern Denmark as

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Seebacher, Frank, Ensiyeh Ghanizadeh Kazerouni, and Craig E. Franklin. "Ultraviolet B radiation alters movement and thermal selection of zebrafish ( Danio rerio )." Biology Letters 12, no. 8 (August 2016): 20160258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0258.

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Temperature and ultraviolet B (UV-B) interact in causing cellular damage and impairing locomotor performance. Here, we test the hypothesis that movement and thermal selection of zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) change in the presence of UV-B, and in particular, that fish which were chronically exposed to UV-B avoid high and low temperature extremes to maximize activities of antioxidant enzymes. Fish chronically (two to three weeks) exposed to UV-B had increased reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage to proteins and membranes, and reduced swimming performance at high (more than 26°C) temperature

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Crean, Angela J., and Simone Immler. "Evolutionary consequences of environmental effects on gamete performance." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1826 (April 19, 2021): 20200122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0122.

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Variation in pre- and post-release gamete environments can influence evolutionary processes by altering fertilization outcomes and offspring traits. It is now widely accepted that offspring inherit epigenetic information from both their mothers and fathers. Genetic and epigenetic alterations to eggs and sperm-acquired post-release may also persist post-fertilization with consequences for offspring developmental success and later-life fitness. In externally fertilizing species, gametes are directly exposed to anthropogenically induced environmental impacts including pollution, ocean acidificati

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Lim, Jae-Hyun, and Il-Nam Kim. "Collection of a Bacterial Community Reconstructed from Marine Metagenomes Derived from Jinhae Bay, South Korea." Data 6, no. 5 (April 26, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data6050044.

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Marine bacteria are known to play significant roles in marine biogeochemical cycles regarding the decomposition of organic matter. Despite the increasing attention paid to the study of marine bacteria, research has been too limited to fully elucidate the complex interaction between marine bacterial communities and environmental variables. Jinhae Bay, the study area in this work, is the most anthropogenically eutrophied coastal bay in South Korea, and while its physical and biogeochemical characteristics are well described, less is known about the associated changes in microbial communities. In

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Hobson, Keith A., Jackson W. Kusack та Blanca X. Mora-Alvarez. "Origins of Six Species of Butterflies Migrating through Northeastern Mexico: New Insights from Stable Isotope (δ2H) Analyses and a Call for Documenting Butterfly Migrations". Diversity 13, № 3 (25 лютого 2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13030102.

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Determining migratory connectivity within and among diverse taxa is crucial to their conservation. Insect migrations involve millions of individuals and are often spectacular. However, in general, virtually nothing is known about their structure. With anthropogenically induced global change, we risk losing most of these migrations before they are even described. We used stable hydrogen isotope (δ2H) measurements of wings of seven species of butterflies (Libytheana carinenta, Danaus gilippus, Phoebis sennae, Asterocampa leilia, Euptoieta claudia, Euptoieta hegesia, and Zerene cesonia) salvaged

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Qu, Xin, and Alex Hall. "Assessing Snow Albedo Feedback in Simulated Climate Change." Journal of Climate 19, no. 11 (June 1, 2006): 2617–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3750.1.

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Abstract In this paper, the two factors controlling Northern Hemisphere springtime snow albedo feedback in transient climate change are isolated and quantified based on scenario runs of 17 climate models used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report. The first factor is the dependence of planetary albedo on surface albedo, representing the atmosphere's attenuation effect on surface albedo anomalies. It is potentially a major source of divergence in simulations of snow albedo feedback because of large differences in simulated cloud fields in Northern Hemisphere

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Baschek, Burkard, Friedhelm Schroeder, Holger Brix, Rolf Riethmüller, Thomas H. Badewien, Gisbert Breitbach, Bernd Brügge, et al. "The Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas (COSYNA)." Ocean Science 13, no. 3 (May 10, 2017): 379–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-13-379-2017.

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Abstract. The Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas (COSYNA) was established in order to better understand the complex interdisciplinary processes of northern seas and the Arctic coasts in a changing environment. Particular focus is given to the German Bight in the North Sea as a prime example of a heavily used coastal area, and Svalbard as an example of an Arctic coast that is under strong pressure due to global change.The COSYNA automated observing and modelling system is designed to monitor real-time conditions and provide short-term forecasts, data, and data products to hel

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Barnhill, Kelsey Archer, Nadia Jogee, Colleen Brown, Ashley McGowan, Ku’ulei Rodgers, Ian Bryceson, and Keisha Bahr. "Acclimatization Drives Differences in Reef-Building Coral Calcification Rates." Diversity 12, no. 9 (September 8, 2020): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12090347.

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Coral reefs are susceptible to climate change, anthropogenic influence, and environmental stressors. However, corals in Kāneʻohe Bay, Hawaiʻi have repeatedly shown resilience and acclimatization to anthropogenically-induced rising temperatures and increased frequencies of bleaching events. Variations in coral and algae cover at two sites—just 600 m apart—at Malaukaʻa fringing reef suggest genetic or environmental differences in coral resilience between sites. A reciprocal transplant experiment was conducted to determine if calcification (linear extension and dry skeletal weight) for dominant r

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Wagner, S., I. Fast, and F. Kaspar. "Comparison of 20th century and pre-industrial climate over South America in regional model simulations." Climate of the Past 8, no. 5 (October 16, 2012): 1599–620. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1599-2012.

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Abstract. In this study, we assess how the anthropogenically induced increase in greenhouse gas concentrations affects the climate of central and southern South America. We utilise two regional climate simulations for present day (PD) and pre-industrial (PI) times. These simulations are compared to historical reconstructions in order to investigate the driving processes responsible for climatic changes between the different periods. The regional climate model is validated against observations for both re-analysis data and GCM-driven regional simulations for the second half of the 20th century.

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Xue, Yayong, Baoqing Zhang, Chansheng He, and Rui Shao. "Detecting Vegetation Variations and Main Drivers over the Agropastoral Ecotone of Northern China through the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition Method." Remote Sensing 11, no. 16 (August 9, 2019): 1860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11161860.

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Vegetation is the major component of the terrestrial ecosystem. Understanding both climate change and anthropogenically induced vegetation variation is essential for ecosystem management. In this study, we used an ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method and a linear regression model to investigate spatiotemporal variations in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) over the agropastoral ecotone of northern China (APENC) during the 1982–2015 period. A quantitative approach was proposed based on the residual trend (RESTREND) method to distinguish the effects of climatic (i.

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Porinchu, David F., and Glen M. MacDonald. "The use and application of freshwater midges (Chironomidae: Insecta: Diptera) in geographical research." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 27, no. 3 (September 2003): 378–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133303pp388ra.

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The potential of applying the analysis of freshwater midges (Chironomidae) for current questions in geographical research is examined. Chironomids are cosmopolitan in distribution and frequently the most abundant insects found in freshwater ecosystems. The capacity of the family to tolerate large gradients of pH, salinity, depth, oxygen concentration, temperature and productivity enables members of the Chironomidae to occupy virtually every available niche present in freshwater environments. In addition to wide distribution and abundance, Chironomidae are well suited for paleolimnological stud

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Schneiderhan-Opel, Jennifer, and Franz X. Bogner. "Cannot See the Forest for the Trees? Comparing Learning Outcomes of a Field Trip vs. a Classroom Approach." Forests 12, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091265.

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Anthropogenically induced environmental changes, such as the persistent loss of biodiversity and decline in global forest stocks, require comprehensive, societal change towards sustainable behavior. Education is considered the key to empowering sustainable decision-making, cooperative participation, high levels of commitment, and motivation to support environmental protection. Holistic Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) approaches aim to foster eco-friendly behavior by combining knowledge acquisition with the promotion of affective drivers. The present study focuses on monitoring the

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Graham, Russell W. "Response of North American mammal communities to late Quaternary environmental fluctuations." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200006729.

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The late Quaternary was a time of rapid environmental fluctuations. The last glacial maximum was reached about 20 ka with continental glaciers covering most of Canada as well as the northeastern and upper midwestern United States (U.S.). Glacial ice physically displaced entire terrestrial biomes and the cooler climates altered distributions of species outside of the glacial limits. About 14 ka, the climate began to warm rapidly and glacial ice retreated northward, opening new landscapes for colonization by terrestrial biotas. Maximum warmth was reached between 9–5 ka with a time transgressive

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Vikrant, Kumar, Eilhann E. Kwon, Ki-Hyun Kim, Christian Sonne, Minsung Kang, and Zang-Ho Shon. "Air Pollution and Its Association with the Greenland Ice Sheet Melt." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010065.

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The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has been a topic of extensive scientific research over the past several decades due to the exponential increase in its melting. The relationship between air pollution and GrIS melting was reviewed based on local emission of air pollutants, atmospheric circulation, natural and anthropogenic forcing, and ground/satellite-based measurements. Among multiple factors responsible for accelerated ice melting, greenhouse gases have long been thought to be the main reason. However, it is suggested that air pollution is another piece of the puzzle for this phenomenon. In pa

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Williams, W. D. "Environmental threats to salt lakes and the likely status of inland saline ecosystems in 2025." Environmental Conservation 29, no. 2 (June 2002): 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892902000103.

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Salt lakes are geographically widespread, numerous and a significant part of the world's inland aquatic ecosystems. They are important natural assets with considerable aesthetic, cultural, economic, recreational, scientific, conservation and ecological values. Some features, notably the composition of the biota, uniquely distinguish them from other aquatic ecosystems. The paper reviews the nature of environmental impacts and their effects upon salt lakes. Its aims are two-fold: to draw attention to the extensive damage that salt lakes have now undergone, and to indicate the likely status of sa

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Li, Cong, Xumao Zhao, Dayong Li, Paul Alan Garber, Zuofu Xiang, Ming Li, and Huijuan Pan. "Impact of cost distance and habitat fragmentation on the daily path length of Rhinopithecus bieti." PeerJ 8 (May 20, 2020): e9165. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9165.

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An understanding of primate movement patterns in response to natural and anthropogenically induced changes in habitat heterogeneity, food availability, and plant species distribution is essential for developing effective management and conservation programs. Therefore, from July 2013 to June 2014, we examined the effects of landscape configuration on the ranging behavior (daily path length, DPL) of the Endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) in the Baimaxueshan National Nature Reserve (27°34′N, 99°17′E) in Gehuaqing, China. Given the extreme difficulties in following the stud

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Fodrie, F. J., L. A. Levin, and A. E. Rathburn. "High densities and depth-associated changes of epibenthic megafauna along the Aleutian margin from 2000–4200 m." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89, no. 8 (July 9, 2009): 1517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315409000903.

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The Aleutian margin is a dynamic environment underlying a productive coastal ocean and subject to frequent tectonic disturbance. In July 2004, we used over 500 individual bottom images from towed camera transects to investigate patterns of epibenthic megafaunal density and community composition on the contiguous Aleutian margin (53°N 163°W) at depths of 2000 m, 3200 m and 4200 m. We also examined the influence of vertical isolation on the megafaunal assemblage across a topographic rise at 3200 m, located 30 km from the main margin and elevated 800 m above the surrounding seafloor. In compariso

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Ernst, Raffael, and Mark-Oliver Rödel. "ANTHROPOGENICALLY INDUCED CHANGES OF PREDICTABILITY IN TROPICAL ANURAN ASSEMBLAGES." Ecology 86, no. 11 (November 2005): 3111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/04-0800.

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Tsidu, G. Mengistu. "High-Resolution Monthly Rainfall Database for Ethiopia: Homogenization, Reconstruction, and Gridding." Journal of Climate 25, no. 24 (December 15, 2012): 8422–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00027.1.

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Abstract Recent heightened concern regarding possible consequences of anthropogenically induced global warming has spurred analyses of data aimed at detection of climate change and more thorough characterization of the natural climate variability. However, there is greater concern regarding the extent and especially quality of the historical climate data. In this paper, rainfall records of 233 gauge stations over Ethiopia for the 1978–2007 period are employed in an analysis that involves homogenization, reconstruction, and gridding onto a regular 0.5° × 0.5° resolution grid. Inhomogeneity is d

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Hommel, R., K. U. Eichmann, J. Aschmann, K. Bramstedt, M. Weber, C. von Savigny, A. Richter, et al. "Chemical composition and severe ozone loss derived from SCIAMACHY and GOME-2 observations during Arctic winter 2010/2011 in comparisons to Arctic winters in the past." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 6 (June 20, 2013): 16597–660. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-16597-2013.

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Abstract. Record breaking losses of ozone (O3) in the Arctic stratosphere have been reported in winter and spring 2011. Trace gas amounts and polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) distributions retrieved using differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) and scattering theory applied to the measurements of radiance and irradiance by satellite-born and ground-based instrumentation, document the unusual behaviour. A chemical transport model has been used to relate and compare Arctic winter-spring conditions in 2011 with those in previous years. We examine in detail the composition and transform

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Colman, Steven M., and John F. Bratton. "Anthropogenically induced changes in sediment and biogenic silica fluxes in Chesapeake Bay." Geology 31, no. 1 (2003): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0071:aicisa>2.0.co;2.

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Berger-Tal, Oded, and David Saltz. "Invisible barriers: anthropogenic impacts on inter- and intra-specific interactions as drivers of landscape-independent fragmentation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1781 (July 29, 2019): 20180049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0049.

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Anthropogenically induced fragmentation constitutes a major threat to biodiversity. Presently, conservation research and actions focus predominantly on fragmentation caused directly by physical transformation of the landscape (e.g. deforestation, agriculture, urbanization, roads, etc.). While there is no doubt that landscape features play a key role in fragmenting populations or enhancing connectivity, fragmentation may also come about by processes other than the transformation of the landscape and which may not be readily visible. Such landscape-independent fragmentation (LIF) usually comes a

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Taft, Linda, and Mariele Evers. "A review of current and possible future human–water dynamics in Myanmar's river basins." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 12 (December 15, 2016): 4913–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4913-2016.

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Abstract. Rivers provide a large number of ecosystem services and riparian people depend directly and indirectly on water availability and quality and quantity of the river waters. The country's economy and the people's well-being and income, particularly in agriculturally dominated countries, are strongly determined by the availability of sufficient water. This is particularly true for the country of Myanmar in South-east Asia, where more than 65 % of the population live in rural areas, working in the agricultural sector. Only a few studies exist on river basins in Myanmar at all and detailed

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