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1
Antonio L., Rappa. "A Neo-Marxist Anthropology of Urban Workers and Peasant Farmers in Thailand." BOHR International Journal of Business Ethics and Corporate Governance 1, no. 1 (2021): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bijbecg.008.
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This article is an original cultural anthropological study that is based on fieldwork done by the principal investigator, Antonio L. Rappa, on groups of urban workers and peasant farmers of Bangkok, Chiangmai, and Pattaya from 1998 to 2016. The focus of this article is on how these workers survive late modernity within the neoliberal capitalist world scenario. The fieldwork also showed the importance of materialism among Thai workers and how they remain trapped in giving up the surplus labor value of their work to the bourgeoisie (Marxian Theory). Since 1932 (the Siamese and since 1946), the Thai workers have been suppressed and exploited by the ruling elite (Power Elite Theory). Whether we use a Cultural Anthropological/Marxian, neo-Marxist Anthropological, or Power Elite theory (C. Wright Mills’ Theory) approach, it remains clear in 2022 that the Thai people still continue to be imprisoned by a desire for luxury goods and services (Thorstein Veblen). Then, there is the complication of religion. At least 93% of all Thai people are Theravada Buddhists and staunchly believe in worshipping the Buddha as well as in various superstitions. The remaining 5–7% are Muslims and Christians. It is only the Muslims who have consistently given political trouble to the Bangkok capitalists but the Muslims are not socialists or communists since they believe in the god known as Allah. Ever since the 1970s, Thailand came under serious threat from communism like many Southeast Asian states. King Bhumiphon Adulyadej (Rama IX) was already a deeply respected monarch and a virtual demi-God to the superstitious and animistic Thai Buddhists. Few Thais realized at that time that the King was also a well-read scientist knowledgeable in urban planning and agriculture. Rama IX applied the knowledge that he garnered from Switzerland and Cambridge, Massachusetts, toward building a new kind of thinking, called Self-Sufficiency Economy (SSE). Rama IX’s SSE was not unique to Thailand and commonly practiced to various effects in South Asia, the Far East, and Southeast Asia. Nevertheless, the king thought that the SSE would be a good way out for his people. He believed that if each Tambon or village could cooperate using existing resources, provincial assistance in agricultural knowledge, and the model-village concept, then the Thai people would be self-sufficient in many aspects. This was also known as the One-Thambon, One-Product (OTOP) policy. This is itself a manifestation of the materialist cultural anthropologic of Thai culture itself. The article concludes with an analysis of the dual pricing system or two-tier pricing system, and why the Thai people appear to support Thorstein Veblen’s Theory and C. Wright Mills’ Theory rather than any neo-Marxist theory of land distribution and property ownership.
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Pamuji, Kukuh. "Fenomena Seni Pertunjukan Sintren Pesisiran dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui Pedekatan Antropologis." Abdi Seni 13, no. 1 (June 9, 2022): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/abdiseni.v13i1.4220.
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The phenomenon of coastal sintren performing arts in the border areas of West Java (Cirebon and Indramayu) and Central Java (Brebes, Tegal, Pemalang) which has local genius by carrying out cultural transformations between traditions and mystical traditional arts transforming with modern culture as an effect of urban culture, finally with the transformation of culture will be transformed into urban culture. The problems that exist in the Sintren Pesisitran art community include: (1) the lack of support for the development and preservation of coastal traditional arts, (2) How the art of performing the Coastal Sintren can holistically rediscover the essence of aspects of cultural expression and the development of other creative aspects. This empowerment program is carried out through various mentoring programs including; (1) empowering creative human resources, (2) choreography training, musical instruments, (3) costume assistance for several Sintren Pesisiran communities. The results of community empowerment assistance, including: The performing arts of coastal sintren can be studied holistically, aspects of art as expression, art as pragmatics, anthropological and sociological studies. Pragmatically, this typical coastal art performs practical activities for various aspects of interest. It was then realized by the performing arts community that their creative activities are not just expressions. Social aspects are also interpreted more broadly when we look at the educational aspect, of course with multidimensional and multi-interpreted discourses.
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Ramachandran, B. Bindu. "Seafood Kitchen." International Journal of Rural Management 13, no. 2 (October 2017): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973005217721005.
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This research note provides an anthropological insight on Seafood Kitchen, a microenterprise under ‘Theeramythri’—the flagship project of Society for Assistance to Fisherwomen (SAF) in Kerala. SAF as an agency was formed in a critical situation where the livelihood aspects and resources of the coastal communities were destroyed after Tsunami in 2004. Department of fisheries under government of Kerala initiated and established microenterprises for fisherwomen under ‘Theeramythri’ to make use of the local resources through women empowerment. Seafood Kitchen was one of the many initiatives of Theeramythri. With the intervention and support of government and organizations like SAF, fisherwomen now come forward to take up microenterprises and their involvement shows remarkable changes in family and society. The present study highlights the different aspects of Seafood Kitchen and its scope for development of fisherwomen in the coast of Kerala from an etic perspective.
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Azis, M., Y. H. Saputra, and A. Setiyanto. "Factors affecting sustainability of agricultural machinery assistance program." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 892, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/892/1/012018.
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Abstract One of the Ministry of Agriculture’s efforts to support agricultural development is by providing equipment and machinery assistance. There are many multi-dimensional problems, both technical, socio-cultural, economic, and environmental. This study aimed to analyze the sustainability status of the agricultural equipment and machinery assistance program. This research was conducted in 2020 with the object of the two-wheeled tractor and four-wheeled tractor assistance program in 2018-2019. Research location covers six districts, the selection of site determined by the provinces considered the most successful and the least successful in realizing activities. The sustainability status of the activity program was analyzed using Multidimensional Scale Analysis. The collected data and information through structured questionnaires from 47 institutional respondents and literature studies, both printed and electronic. The results showed that agricultural equipment and machinery assistance program (TR2 and TR4) was less sustainable. The comparison of the MDS value and Monte Carlo’s analysis was 49.93, with an R2 value of 89%. The S-Stress statistical test is still relatively high, namely 0.30 (above 0.25), which means improvements and refinement needs from the implementation aspect. Improvements from various elements are divides into two groups. First, leverage factors that encourage the sustainability and success of the implementation of activities, and the second is the improvement of the performance of TR2 and TR4 beneficiary groups. Policy recommendations for implementing future program activities are a strict selection of potential beneficiaries and improvements in the management aspects of beneficiaries at the farmer level by providing guidance.
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Farias, Areano Ethério Moreira de, José Romero Alexandre Alves, Francisco Selmo Fernandes Alves, Raymundo Rizaldo Pinheiro, Patrícia Yoshida Faccioli-Martins, Ana Milena Cézar Lima, Sérgio Santos Azevedo, and Clebert José Alves. "Characterization of goat production systems in five states of northeastern Brazil." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 6Supl3 (October 16, 2019): 3691. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6supl3p3691.
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Goat farming is a very important activity contributing to the social and economic development of northeastern (NE) Brazil. The objective of the present study was to characterize the goat farming production system in five of the nine states that constitute the Brazilian NE (Ceará, Paraíba, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe). Research was carried out in 230 rural properties located in 62 municipalities of the NE of Brazil, in regions exhibiting a productive arrangement and significant goat population density. An epidemiological questionnaire seeking information on economic, productive, and social aspects of owners/properties was supplied to all properties. The results described the goat farming system in the Brazilian NE as family and subsistence, directed towards domestic consumption and local commerce, and exhibiting a low technological level. The farmers' education level, investments, and technical assistance were all considered low, and thus insufficient or inadequate for a full development of the activity in the region. Therefore, such aspects are suggested to be taken into account in the planning of future goat farming development policies—particularly financing and technical assistance, better preparation of farmers, administrative aspects, forage production and conservation, and the implementation of actions towards reproductive and frequent disease control.
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González, Armando Nova, and Mario A. Gonzalez-Corzo. "Cuba’s Agricultural Transformations." Journal of Agricultural Studies 3, no. 2 (June 26, 2015): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v3i2.7547.
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The Cuban government has implemented a series of agricultural transformations since 2007 to increase the country’s agricultural self-sufficiency and reduce its dependency on food imports. These include the transfer (in usufruct) of State-owned land to non-State producers (e.g. cooperatives and private farmers), moderate price reforms, the decentralization of decision making, and the gradual relaxation of existing forms of agricultural commercialization. As a result of these measures, the area planted, as well as physical output and agricultural yields (in selected non-sugar crop categories) have shown mixed results, but still remain below desired levels. There are three (3) fundamental unresolved aspects that have prevented Cuba’s agricultural sector from achieving the desired outcomes: (1) the need to achieve the “realization of property,” (2) the recognition and acceptance of the market as a complementary economic coordination mechanism, and (3) the absence of a systemic focus to achieve the successful completion of the agricultural production cycle. These unresolved aspects should be addressed through: (1) the consolidation of input markets, where producers can obtain essential inputs at prices that correspond to the prices they can obtain for their output, (2) greater autonomy to allow agricultural producers to freely decide when, where, and to whom they could sell their output, after social contracts have been fulfilled, (3) the diversification of the forms of agricultural commercialization to permit greater participation by non-State economic actors, (4) allowing agricultural producers to freely hire the labor necessary to sustain and increase production, and (5) providing agricultural producers with the financing and technical assistance necessary.
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Cherevatova, T. F., O. S. Ermolaeva, I. E. Bystrenina, and M. N. Stepantsevich. "ASPECTS OF INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES." Scientific Review Theory and Practice 11, no. 8 (2021): 2397–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2021-11-8-2397-2414.
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The authors of the article see the problem of digitalization of agriculture in the insufficient funding resources at the enterprises for the introduction of information and communication technologies, development of infrastructure in rural areas, shortage of IT-personnel, etc. The solution of these problems is facilitated by the integration of information systems, which is necessary to begin with the agricultural enterprises themselves. The paper notes the influence of external and internal factors on the improvement of agricultural business. Rosstat (Federal State Statistics Service) data on the agricultural enterprise performance and the use of special software are presented. Integration implies the implementation of the interconnection and interdependence of all parts of the system with the separation of the area of influence on each other, taking into account two features: structural levels and enterprise management functions. Design, development and use of a ready-made information system of the enterprise should include business logic, functional and user requirements for the system. As an integrated system, it is proposed to use ERP- systems based on the management of a single data warehouse containing all the necessary corporate information: production, financial, personnel, etc. An example of such a system is the 1C: ERP Agro-industrial Complex 2 software product, which takes into account the industry specifics of the agro-industrial complex enterprises and allows leveling sanction risks. Another important aspect of the problem under study is the use of information systems based on geo- information technologies providing information support for decision-making on the base of accumulated data of a digital terrain model, remote sensing of land, soil characteristics, use of land resources, monitoring of agricultural- purpose land. By increasing the scale, agricultural enterprises are able to meet their own domestic needs completely and enter international markets with environmentally safe quality products. Integrated information systems will provide them with effective assistance providing complete reliable information for making managerial decisions.
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Raczkoski, Brandon M., and M. Craig Edwards. "U.S. International Agricultural Development: What Events, Forces, Actors, and Philosophical Perspectives Presaged Its Approach?" Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 25, no. 2 (August 15, 2018): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2018.25202.
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The philosophical perspectives, including significant actors, events, and forces, that influenced and presaged the United States’ approach to international agricultural development are somewhat unclear. The purpose of this historical narrative, therefore, was to understand the key drivers responsible for forging the U.S. framework for technical agricultural assistance abroad, especially in its formative years. The study’s findings were reported by answering two questions. The first question explored historical events, including federal legislative acts and statutes, which precipitated the U.S. approach to international agricultural development. The second research question addressed the philosophical primers imbued in the U.S. approach to international agricultural development, including significant actors responsible for championing it. We assert the environmental pragmatism of Liberty Hyde Bailey and its other proponents was the philosophical foundation and worldview that informed many of the pioneers who guided the U.S. approach to offering agricultural assistance as part of the nation’s international development efforts. As such, we recommend the inclusion of certain aspects of environmentalism in agricultural and extension educator preparation with implications for international and domestic development, including long-term sustainability initiatives.
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Mardiharini, Maesti, Chandra Indrawanto, and Eni Siti Rohaeni. "Performance evaluation of sustainable agricultural-techno park development in Cigombong, West Java." E3S Web of Conferences 306 (2021): 02058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130602058.
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One of the efforts to accelerate the flow of technological research results to users/farmers is through the development of Agricultural Techno Park (ATP). In this study, the performance evaluation of ATP development using cluster analysis was conducted by applying the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) model. The aims were to analyze the progress of ATP through clustering techniques and to formulate alternative strategy in the future. This study was conducted using a structured survey approach involving 76 farmers, April to June 2018, at the ATP Cigombong, West Java, Indonesia. The results of distance and similarity analysis showed that aspects of input and process had a closeness of satisfaction. Innovation assistance activities are not optimal, which should lead to becoming independent farmers. The future strategy has formulated context and product indicators in a participatory manner from the beginning, so that the target group understands and detects the progress. Farmers’ needs must be identified from the beginning of ATP development to strengthen self-reliance of supporting facilities. ATP needs to formulate a new method in planning of innovation assistance. It is also important to develop new training (such as motivational training, technical and managerial skills).
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Saloka, Gilang Aji, Annisa Setyaningrum, Christina Pralambang Tunggal Siwi, Deandra Suci Nur Widayati, Dina Putri Ambarwati, Fahmi Aziz, Fatimah Az Zahra, et al. "Pengembangan Kelompok Wanita Tani dalam Budidaya Tanaman Empon-Empon dan Sayuran Bersama Tanifoundation di Gondangrejo Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah." PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 7, no. 5 (September 30, 2022): 719–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/pengabdianmu.v7i5.3089.
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The Jesa Karya Women Farmers Group (KWT), located in Gondangrejo, Karanganyar, is one of the KWTs with developing vegetables and empon-empon growing commodities. There are many challenges faced by KWT Jesa Karya, both internally and externally, so support from various aspects is needed to encourage the development process of KWT Jesa Karya. Through an independent study program, this support is in farmer assistance carried out by TaniHub and agricultural students. The method used in this assistance is Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). Interviews and observations were also conducted to obtain information on farmer groups' empowerment and the problems investigated. Jesa Karya KWT is developed through socialization mentoring programs, assistance in vegetable cultivation to product marketing, discussions on strengthening farmer group institutions, monitoring, and evaluation. Mentoring shows changes in improving the quality of their agricultural products, developing post-harvest products, and digital marketing to strengthen the resilience of farmers in increasing their business scale, realizing self-reliance, and improving the welfare of members. Member participation in this activity can be seen from members' enthusiasm in every activity held in support and efforts to form an effective program for developing KWT Jesa Karya.
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Derkach, Oleksandr. "PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS IN UKRAINE." MODELING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/mdes/2022-5-24.
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The article examines the main practical aspects of the implementation of socially responsible agrarian business in Ukraine, in particular, conscientious business practices; environmental protection activities and resource conservation; development of local society, development of personnel aimed at training and professional development. It is proposed to distinguish the following phases at the current stage of formation and development of social responsibility of domestic agrarian business subjects as a mechanism for increasing their competitiveness: initial, adjacent and terminal. In the first phase of the formation of social programs for the purpose of increasing competitiveness, pilot companies and the development of criteria for assessing the social responsibility of agrarian business entities, principles, the period of implementation and methods of implementation, etc. are determined. The next phase will be considered the holding of an internal social audit by agrarian companies and other subjects of agrarian business. The adjacent stage is a transitional phase of the external assessment of the social responsibility of agrarian business entities, which should provide an assessment by civilian independent experts and the community of the social effect of the activities of agribusiness representatives. The final phase should contribute to the formation of the rating of socially responsible companies of agricultural production in the country, which is also an effective tool for forming their image and customer loyalty, increasing their competitiveness in the domestic space. It is emphasized that the intervention of the state in the sphere of social responsibility of agrarian business should be of a recommendatory, framework nature. The moral support of these processes from the state is especially important for the development of social responsibility of agribusiness subjects in the country. Moreover, some tax breaks for corporations are even more beneficial to the budget and society, since corporations are more accurately and effectively able to solve local regional problems through social responsibility. The business community can either develop its own standard in the area of social responsibility, or join any of the existing Western standards in this area with its adaptation, or provide advisory assistance from the state.
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Solares, Diana. "Registros numéricos en un campo de cultivo. Escrituras en ambiente de tensión y conflicto laboral." PNA. Revista de Investigación en Didáctica de la Matemática 12, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/pna.v12i4.7850.
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En este artículo se analizan las técnicas de registro numérico utilizadas por trabajadores de campos agrícolas en México. Se identifica que esas técnicas están determinadas por aspectos como: los propósitos de la actividad agrícola específica, los intereses y la jerarquía laboral de quienes participan en ella. Los conocimientos matemáticos implicados en el desarrollo de la actividad también están influenciados por esos aspectos. Para esta investigación se adopta una postura teórica que dialoga con diversas perspectivas, particularmente con la Teoría Antropológica de lo Didáctico y los Nuevos Estudios de Literacidad. Numerical Records in an Agricultural Field. Writings in Tension and Labor Conflict EnvironmentsAgricultural workers number registration techniques are analyzed. These techniques are determined by a set of diverse aspects, such as the purposes of the specific agricultural activity and the interests and hierarchies of those who work in the activity. These aspects have also main influence on the mathematical knowledge involved in the development of the activity. The theoretical perspective adopted on this study looks for a dialog between diverse perspectives, particularly with the Theory the Anthropological Theory of Didactics and the New Literacy Studies. Handle: http://hdl.handle.net/10481/53008doi:10.30827/pna.v12i4.7850Scopus record and citations
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Darwin, Nabilah Khairunnisa, Muhammad Alfarizi, Putri Tunggal, and Wiwin Addriani Mangngampe. "ANALISIS PELUANG BISNIS INDUSTRI PERTANIAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM DALAM PENGEMBANGAN BISNIS AGRO INDONESIA." PROSIDING SERINA 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 2093–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/pserina.v1i1.18095.
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In addition, agricultural products are also the main food consumption ingredients in Indonesia and involve the highest workforce in production activities. Meanwhile, in terms of the food crop business, food crop-based economic activities are the most widespread and largest business activities in Indonesia. However, Indonesia is still facing several food supply crises, export-import problems, insufficient agricultural products, and environmental problems. Food security is a multidimensional problem that contains complex aspects, including social, economic, political, and environmental aspects. The main problem to protect agricultural land is sustainable food and the government requires a commitment to law enforcement. Protection of the movement of agricultural businesses is the assistance and support provided by the government to farmers. Protection in legal action, assistance in the production process to marketing and support in terms of capital. Di samping itu produk pertanian juga merupakan bahan konsumsi utama pangan di Indonesia dan melibatkan tenaga kerja tertinggi dalam kegiatan produksi. Sedangkan diperhatikan dari sisi usaha tanaman pangan, kegiatan ekonomi berbasis tanaman pangan adalah kegiatan bisnis yang tersebar luas dan terbesar di Indonesia. Namun, Indonesia masih menghadapi beberapa krisis pasokan pangan, masalah ekspor-impor,produk pertanian yang tidak mencukupi, dan masalah lingkungan. Ketahanan pangan adalah masalah multidimensi yang mengandung aspek kompleks, meliputi aspek sosial, ekonomi, politik, dan lingkungan. Masalah utama untuk melindungi lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan dan pemerintah membutuhkan komitmen untuk penegakan hukum. Perlindungan terhadap pergerakan bisnis pertanian merupakan bantuan dan dukungan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah terhadap petani. Perlindungan dalam tindakan hukum, bantuan dalam proses produksi hingga pemasaran dan dukungan dalam hal permodalan.
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Karp, I. M., and K. Ye Pyanykh. "TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ENERGY USE OF SOLID HOUSEHOLD WASTE." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 3 (September 20, 2019): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.3.2019.03.
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Technological aspects of energy use of solid waste and their constituents and possibility of applying certain technologies in Ukraine are analyzed. Global trends in waste management technologies are identified. When organizing waste sorting, half of their energy potential can be used, which is estimated to be 1.5 billion m3 of natural gas equivalent in Ukraine. Share of food waste is close to 40 %. It is advisable to recycle them in biogas and biomethane mixtures with agricultural waste and energy plants. Biomethane production can be increased in several times. Electricity and heat production from biogas require government assistance in form of special tariffs. Biomethane is being used alongside natural gas in compressed and liquefied state as a motor fuel. Biogas complexes are used as balancing power of grids. The most common technology for utilizing the energy potential of municipal solid waste is incineration. Emissions systems for waste incineration plants have reached a level of perfection that allows them to be placed close to residential areas. Ref. 15, Fig. 6, Tab. 2.
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Vuković, Jasna. "Female Technology: The Identity of Neolithic Potters." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 8, no. 1 (February 27, 2016): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v8i1.14.
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If the object of research is Neolithic ceramics, it would seem that the researcher is at a loss when it comes to illuminating certain social aspects of the manufacture of pottery. In archaeological inquiry the artisan always remain “invisible”, even though their identities are crucial in the reconstruction of social relations. Thus, if we wish to identify the gender and social standing of artisans in the deeper layers of history, we must turn to ethno-archaeological and anthropological research. A number of ethno-archaeological and anthropological studies confirm the conclusion that pottery can be considered a female occupation in non-industrialized societies. However it seems that a rough, gender-based division of production to non-specialized – female and specialized – male, is too simplified. According to this point of view, women engage in pottery only when they have no other work to do – be it household chores or agricultural labor, and they produce pottery only to meet the needs of their own household. Ethno-archaeological research, however, shows that women can indeed become specialized artisans. The specialization of women can be observed in three forms: 1. in those communities where only some households engage in production of pottery, 2. in specialized communities and 3. in communities where female pottery makers belong to specific social groups. Based on anthropological research, we can assume that the adoption of pottery is directly linked to the gender based division in everyday activities. Beliefs, rituals and taboos connected to the production of pottery which have been ethnographically documented, and wherein the production of pottery is equated with the shift in the life cycle, birth and death, only serve to vouch for the identity of the artisan in the earliest ceramic communities.
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Denisov, V. I., and I. M. Potravnyi. "Agricultural holdings and farms: The right to development." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 19, no. 4 (April 28, 2020): 650–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.19.4.650.
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Subject. We consider development prospects for agricultural organizations of different categories. Objectives. The aim is to conduct a multifaceted study of positive and negative aspects of the production activities of agricultural holdings and farms, assessed by their contribution to the economic and social development of Russia. Methods. We employ general scientific methods of research. Results. The paper emphasizes high competitive performance of agricultural holdings, which displace farms from the market. This is mainly due to the administrative support to large corporate structures by regional and federal governments. We show that in the event of redistribution of available public funds to agriculture and increased assistance for farmers, the latter will be at a much higher level of economic efficiency of production vs. the current level. At the same time, the main advantage of small farms over agroholdings, i.e. the predominance of their environmental preservation-style of economy, will remain. Conclusions. The growing economy of farms and their interest in higher output will assist in restoration of agricultural lands that are now abandoned. It is likely that in the future, farms will outpace agricultural holdings in their development and become leading large-scale producers of agricultural goods.
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Ibrahimi, Mohammad Ishaq. "Evolution of the Soviet Socio-Economic Assistance Program for Afghanistan in the Mid-1950s – Late 1980s." Prepodavatel XXI vek, no. 2, 2020 (2020): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2073-9613-2020-2-304-312.
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The article attempts to analyze the main aspects of changing approaches to the Soviet Union’s socio-economic assistance to Afghanistan as part of the modernization of the country’s economy in the 50–80s of the XX century. The article focuses on the study of key areas of Soviet-Afghan cooperation in the development of sectors of the Afghan national economy. Special attention is paid to the characteristic values of Soviet aid in the industrialization of Afghanistan and the creation of modern industrial production, development of agricultural technologies and improving living standards of the population. The article is recommended to specialists in the history of the USSR and Afghanistan, as well as to all those interested in the history of Soviet-Afghan relations.
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Kirichek, P. N. "Information Man as a Product of Media Communication Fluctuations." Communicology 10, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21453/2311-3065-2022-10-3-124-136.
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The article discusses from the standpoint of the anthropological method the problematic aspects of the formation of a person’s personality within the political, economic, socio-cultural trends of the formation and development of the human community along the upward and downward vectors of socialization. The important role in this multidimensional process of media communication (print, electronic, network) fluctuations in the direction of personal spiritual and practical «order» or «chaos» is determined on the basis of the synergetic method. Verbal, visual, digital technologies of the formative impact of the public sphere on the bio-socio-psychogenesis of a person are qualified within the framework of the functional method with the advent of a new personality substructure – infogenesis. Using the method of determination the author reveals the information and communication conditionality of the forms of consciousness and behavior of the individual by the specifics of the vital environment (work, life, leisure) – political-centric, economic-centric, sociocultural-centric. Based on the system method, he proposes a schematic classification of the personality formed by media communication influence along a spiral line of progress: Political Man – Economic Man – Information Man – Sociocultural Man.
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Ocelák, M., P. Hlásná Čepková, I. Viehmannová, Z. Dvořáková, D. C. Huansi, and B. Lojka. "Genetic Diversity Of Plukenetia Volubilis L. Assessed By ISSR Markers." Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 46, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sab-2015-0029.
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Abstract The diversity and genetic relationships in 173 sacha inchi samples were analyzed using ISSR markers. Thirty ISSR primers were used, only 8 showed variability in tested samples. ISSR fragments ranged from 200 to 2500 bp. The mean number of bands per primer was 12 and the average number of polymorphic bands per primer was 11. The lowest percentages of polymorphic bands (27%), gene diversity (0.103), and Shannon’s information index (0.15) were exhibited by the Santa Lucia population, which was also geographically most distant. This fact may be attributed to a very small size of this group. In contrast, the Dos de Mayo population exhibited the highest percentage of polymorphic bands (78%), and the Santa Cruz population the highest Nei’s gene diversity index (0.238) and Shannon’s information index (0.357). The obtained level of genetic variability was 36% among tested populations and 64% within populations. Although the diversity indices were low, a cluster analysis revealed 8 clusters containing mainly samples belonging to individual populations. Principal coordinate analysis clearly distinguished Chumbaquihui, Pucallpa, Dos de Mayo, and Aguas de Oro populations, the others were intermixed. The obtained results indicated the level of genetic diversity present in this location of Peru, although it is influenced by anthropological aspects and independent on the geographical distances.
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D. ADAIR and J.H. BROADBENT. "A REVIEW OF THE TROPICAL DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE COCONUT INDUSTRY." CORD 2, no. 01 (December 1, 1986): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v2i01.189.
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The Tropical Development and Research Institute (TDRI) was formed on l April 1983 by the amalgamation of the Tropical Products Institute (TPI) and the Centre for Overseas Pest Research (COPR). The Institute has a long history of providing assistance and advice to developing countries in post‑harvest aspects of food and other agricultural commodities, which include the many products dexived from the coconut. This review covers the Institute's work over the last ten years and illustrates the wide range of interests concerning coconuts. These cover research and development on dehusking and processing projects, economic studies for the establishment of new coconut‑based industries, and technological improvements for the manufacture of charcoal from coconut shell.
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Bakirbekova, A. M., E. K. Moldakenova, and Ch U. Akimbekova. "Foreign experience of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex." Problems of AgriMarket 3 (September 30, 2021): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2021-3.2708-9991.03.
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The relevance of the topic of the article - the issues of innovative development of agroindustrial complex of Kazakhstan, which provides large-scale production, require detailed study. The goal - is to consider the positive aspects of the best practices of foreign countries regarding this problem and develop practical recommendations. Methods - generalization, quantitative and qualitative analysis, abstract logical. Results - in order to apply high technologies in agricultural sector, economically developed countries use subsidy systems, price support (USA), government assistance in obtaining income per hectare and payments for livestock (EU countries), income support through payments (Canada) and concessional lending (Brazil). In addition to financial assistance, agricultural producers in the USA, Canada and other countries are provided with information, legal, innovation, marketing, insurance and other types of support. Conclusions - innovative processes, expansion of the competitive environment in the AIC presuppose the effective use of scientific and technical potential, integration of science, education and production, technological modernization of the economy based on progressive methods. Innovation is reflected in the implementation of the strategic objectives of ensuring food security and effective regulation of the domestic food market in order to stimulate labor productivity in agriculture, increase export potential of agricultural sector. It is necessary to combine innovative activity in domestic agro-industrial production with international practice, which will increase production capacity of agrarian sector of the republic. The development trends of the world market convincingly show that there can be no other way in Kazakhstan than the formation of a new type of economy, widespread innovation.
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Krishnamurthy, Mekhala. "Reconceiving the grain heap." Contributions to Indian Sociology 52, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 28–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0069966717743382.
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This article returns to what was once an ethnographic staple in the sociology of India: the post-harvest grain heap. Having long occupied centre stage in analyses of a moneyless, redistributive transactional order widely known as the jajmani system, it has also been the subject of influential critique, where it has been argued that the misconceived heap sustained a powerful anthropological fiction. Moving beyond these positions, which seem to have left the heap grounded in the past, the grain heap in this work is reconceptualised as a critical entry point and analytic for the study of contemporary commodity markets. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork in an agricultural market (mandi) in Madhya Pradesh, it finds that it is along the seams or internal margins of the market, at routine sites of physical transfer and exchange, assembly and dispersal, integration and disruption, that heaps of agricultural produce materialise. An analysis of critical aspects of the heap—its position, composition, measurement and distribution—provides sharp insights into the changing dynamics of the market and its complex relationships. In the process, it also reveals important yet often unnoticed shifts in the sources and distribution of economic and social margins, and their diverse and differentiated effects on market life and livelihoods.
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Haeffner, Rafael, Leila Maria Mansano Sarquis, Rita Maria Heck, and Vanda Maria da Rosa Jardim. "Prevalence of hearing problems and associated factors in an agricultural company in southern Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 18, no. 3 (September 2015): 679–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5497201500030013.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and to analyze the factors associated with hearing problems in an agricultural company. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, and the participants consisted entirely of employees of an agricultural company in southern Brazil. The workforce of the company was composed of several different occupations. The research instrument was a semi-structured questionnaire administered by interview. RESULTS: Of the 326 workers of the company, there were 273 (83.8%) respondents, and the prevalence of hearing problems was n = 42 (15.4%) among the participants of the study. The hearing problems were associated with lower schooling, with the operating occupational group, the technical assistance group and the general services group. The self-reported health conditions associated with hearing problems were depression and nervousness or irritation. The occupational exposures associated with hearing problems were noise, dust, vibration, oils and solvents, and toxic gases. CONCLUSION: There was an intermediate prevalence of hearing problems in relation to other studies. It was possible to observe the need to implement strategies aiming at the prevention of hearing problems that primarily contemplate modifiable aspects, such as the use of personal protective equipment, as well as improvements in the conditions, organization and work environment.
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Barros, Alexandre Luis de Souza, and Paula Moreira Baltar Bellemain. "Les mathématiques vécues dans la topographie : le cas du cours technique intégré à l’enseignement secondaireMathematics experienced in topography: the case of the technical course integrated into secondary education." Educação Matemática Pesquisa : Revista do Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Educação Matemática 22, no. 4 (September 15, 2020): 612–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/1983-3156.2020v22i4p612-621.
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RésuméCe texte présente une partie d’un travail de thèse, en cours, qui porte sur la vie de savoirs mathématiques dans le cours de Topographie en formation technique au lycée agricole. L’établissement dans lequel nous réalisons notre recherche appartient au réseau Fédéral de l’Éducation au Brésil. Notre parcours méthodologique s’appuie sur des interviewes, des observations de classes et l’analyse de documents officiels. Les analyses présentées ici concernent des situations sur la construction d’un angle droit sur un terrain plat. Les résultats montrent le besoin de discuter, entre autres aspects, l’utilisation des instruments de mesures dans les activités qui demandent l’emploi des mathématiques.Mots-clés : Enseignement technique de niveau intermédiaire, théorie anthropologique de la didactique; Enseignement de la topographie.AbstractThis text presents a part of a thesis work currently underway that deals with the life of mathematical knowledge during Topography in technical training at the agricultural college. The institution in which we carry out our research belongs to the Federal Network of Education in Brazil. Our methodological approach is based on interviews, class observations and analysis of official documents. The analyzes presented here concern situations on the construction of a right angle on flat ground. The results show the need to discuss, among other aspects, the use of measurement instruments in activities that require the use of mathematics.Abstract: Technical Education of Middle Level, Anthropological Theory of Didactics, Topography Teaching.
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Zhichkina, L., O. Musina, K. Zhichkin, D. Shikhalieva, M. Ekaterinovskaya, E. Gorbatko, and V. Kudryavtsev. "Organizational and economic aspects of spring wheat production at the regional level." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1010, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1010/1/012151.
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Abstract The object of research is the economic relations of agricultural producers in the production of spring wheat grain. The purpose of the article is to formulate the distinctive features of the business mechanism for growing spring wheat and its improvement. The main tasks implemented in the study include: - to identify the elements of the business mechanism for growing spring wheat; - to determine its main aspects that determine the level of economic effect of growing spring wheat; - assess the level and structure of state assistance in the cultivation of spring wheat at the regional level. As a result of the research, the main organizational and economic aspects of spring wheat cultivation in the Samara region were identified. In recent years, the volume of spring wheat production in the region has grown due to an increase in the sown area and yield, while the gross harvest in 2019 amounted to 245.8 thousand tons. The spring wheat cultivation efficiency is significantly influenced by the basic tillage type, the costs of which can be up to 20% in the structure of production costs. The option with fine processing by 10-12 cm showed the greatest efficiency. The profitability of this option was 87%. State support at the regional level plays a significant role in shaping the profitability of spring wheat cultivation.
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Lalthankhumi, R., and Joseph Lalmalsawma. "Agricultural Practices in Lawngtlai Rural Development Block of Mizoram." Senhri Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 5, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.36110/sjms.2020.05.02.001.
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Agriculture constitutes one of the major sources of income among the people of Mizoram. The areas used for cultivation in Mizoram are usually slashed and burnt down to ashes and are abandoned for years, the land is used and the same plot is re-use after 3-5 years. More than half of the total population is either directly or indirectly involved in agriculture. However, the income from agriculture is less than 5% of the State Gross Domestic Product (State Economic Report, 2015). In the last few decades Mizoram witnessed several changes in agriculture pattern as many farmers have been shifting from cultivation to small- scale agricultural farming. This paper highlights the transformation of agricultural practices and the major factors affecting agricultural production and attempt is made to examine the prevailing socio- economic aspects associated with farmers with special reference to Lawngtlai Rural Development Block and a questionnaire method was used for collecting relevant information for the purpose. The research found that there exist major transformations of agricultural practices in the last couple of decades. The cycle of shifting agriculture period has been shortened drastically. It is also revealed that farmers are gradually adopting settled farming from shifting agriculture and that government intervention and assistance has been increasing more and more in this field. It is suggested that agricultural practice be transformed from jhuming to settled farming and from cultivating the traditional crops to cash crops with governmental and institutional support for shifting to higher income in agricultural and horticultural crops.
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Susanto, Ferry, and M. Abu Jihad Plaza R. "DECISION MAKING MODEL OF DETERMINING CANDIDATES FOR CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF AGRICULTURAL SEEDS USING WEIGHTED PRODUCTS." Jurnal TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) 12, no. 2 (November 15, 2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.56327/jurnaltam.v12i2.1058.
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Corporate Social Responsibility is a business commitment to act ethically, operate legally and contribute to economic improvement simultaneously with improving the quality of life of employees and their families, the local community, and society at large. Social responsibility or Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept in which organizations, especially companies, have a responsibility to consumers, employees, shareholders, communities, and the environment in all aspects of the company's operations such as issues that have an impact on the environment such as pollution, waste, product and labor safety. CSR is not only limited to the concept of providing financial assistance to the social environment but also how companies treat their employees non-discriminatory and maintain good relationships with suppliers. Government obligation requires companies to carry out social responsibility as a form of company concern for the community. This research is conducted with the aim of determining prospective recipients of CSR for agricultural seeds using the Weighted Product (WP) method. The Weighted Product method is used because this method relates the attribute value where the value must be raised to the power of the weight value of the attribute in question. In determining the candidate for receiving CSR for agricultural seeds, there are many criteria that must be owned by the Farmer Group as a condition for obtaining CSR for agricultural seeds. The criteria used are submitting a proposal, land area, land survey and prospective farmers receiving assistance, the status of farmer groups, number of members, and farmer groups established for at least 1 year. From the research conducted, there are 20 alternatives. From the analysis of research results from manual tests and application tests, the preference for similarity of calculation results is obtained. From the calculation results through manual testing and application testing, the highest alternative results are 0.063470478 for Sidomakmur Farmer, and the lowest alternative results is 0.034660601 for Sidoluhur Farmer as the alternative chosen as the highest indicator to obtain 3 types of agricultural crops.
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ANTYPENKO, Nadiia, and Mariia USHOVA. "Risk insurance of agricultural enterprises." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 10/2 (October 26, 2020): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.10(2).2.
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The paper is devoted to the interpretation and analysis of risk insurance of agricultural enterprises. Agricultural insurance is one of the most specific types of insurance, because a huge number of natural factors and emergencies (drought, floods, sudden changes in air temperature, humidity, and insect pests) are constant and inevitable risks of any agriculture. They cause considerable financial losses, and therefore such a sector of the economy must find reliable opportunities to protect against them. One of the risky types of insurance is agricultural risk insurance. This type of insurance is an important means of reducing the degree of risk in agriculture. The paper considers the peculiarities of the functioning of the agricultural segment of the insurance market in foreign countries. The possibility of attracting and adapting foreign experience of state financial support to the insurance market of Ukraine within the framework of basic insurance models is determined. The purpose of the study is to study and generalize risks in insurance, insurance models, foreign experience in agricultural production, development of recommendations for improving insurance operations for public financial support in the agricultural sector of Ukraine, taking into account foreign experience. Risk in agriculture is seen as a threat or possibility to deviate from the expected results of activities or decisions made from the planned ones. The paper also considers the experience of working with foreign countries on this issue. The purpose of the paper is to study the theoretical aspects of risk insurance that arise in the implementation of business activities in agriculture, justification of ways to improve the legislative and financial influence of the state in this process. The purpose of state assistance is to develop insurance infrastructure, standardize insurance conditions, reduce the cost of insurance products for agricultural users and improve the quality of insurance products. So, the main task for insurers of Ukraine is to gain and maintain a decent reputation and provide effective insurance services. Today, the state is trying to improve and stabilize the situation in the agricultural sector, for example, it involves the practice of providing state support in insurance of agricultural products (providing from the state budget to agricultural producers in the form of subsidies to reimburse part of the insurance payment actually paid for them).
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Said, Muhammad Irfan, Farida Nur Yuliati, and Muhammad Hatta. "Aplikasi Teknologi Pakan Dan Pengolahan Limbah Ternak Pada Kelompok Peternak Sapi Pedaging Di Kabupaten Bantaeng." JATI EMAS (Jurnal Aplikasi Teknik dan Pengabdian Masyarakat) 2, no. 1 (March 27, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36339/je.v2i1.108.
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Feed and animal waste aspects are an important component and become the main problem of beef farmers inBantaeng District. The potential of agricultural and livestock waste is very large, however, until now has not been fullyutilized. The objective of this activity is to increase the capacity of beef farmers to utilize the potential of agricultural andlivestock waste into feed and organic fertilizer products. In addition, it is “Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi”. The “Ipteksbagi Masyarakat (IbM)” programs become one of the solution to the problem. IbM programs for beef farmers has beenimplemented in Ulugalung village, Eremerasa Sub-district, Bantaeng District, South Sulawesi province. Partners of beeffarmer group involved are Livestock Farmer Group (LFG) "Samaturu" and "Cappa Buri". The method of application oftechnology program was implemented in the form of training program and technology assistance. Some of the technologypackages that have been implemented are: 1) straw ammoniac technology processing, 2) complete silage fermentationtechnology, 3) liquid organic fertilizer manufacturing technology (biourin) and local microorganism manufacturingtechnology (MOL) and 4) Urea Molasses Block (UMB) supplement feeding technology. The results of the activities canincrease the capacity of partner members in processing agricultural and livestock waste as animal feed and organicfertilizer
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Frizen, Dmitrii Ya. "ON THE PROBLEM OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CATTLE BREEDING AND AGRICULTURE AMONG THE KAZAKHS IN THE WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN AT THE TURN OF THE XIX-XX CENTURIES." Tyumen State University Herald. Humanities Research. Humanitates 8, no. 1 (2022): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-197x-2022-8-1-241-252.
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The article studies the problem of the formation of cattle-breeding and agricultural forms of economy in the territory of the Kazakh region, in particular in the Western Kazakhstan. With the assistance of various sources, we studied the features of the development of cattle breeding among the Kazakhs, which was adapted to the local climate, sparse vegetation, the low rainfall and other environmental and economic factors. In this article, we have shown the objective and subjective aspects that led to the settling of nomads. The resettlement policy of Russia led to a crisis of nomadic cattle breeding and poverty among many Kazakhs, which forced them to engage in agriculture. However, as shown in the article, the Kazakhs plowed the land only for additional income. The emergence of cattle-breeding and agricultural forms of farming was complex and contradictory. The Kazakhs, who lived near Russian settlements, quickly moved to settle. And those Kazakhs who lived in the southern regions of the Turgai and Ural regions, as well as on Mangyshlak and the Inner Horde continued to engage in cattle breeding. This situation divided the region into agricultural and cattle-breeding and this went on for many years.
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Fraser, James A., and Charles Roland Clement. "Dark Earths and manioc cultivation in Central Amazonia: a window on pre-Columbian agricultural systems?" Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 3, no. 2 (August 2008): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1981-81222008000200004.
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Many commentators highlight the fertility of Anthropogenic Dark Earths (ADE), emphasizing their potential for sustainable agriculture. Some scholars believe that terra mulata (the less fertile, more extensive form of ADE) was created by means of agricultural practices used by large settled populations of pre-Columbian farmers. But what was it that these Amerindian farmers were growing? Until recently, scholarly consensus held that manioc does not perform well on ADE. New research on the middle Madeira River is showing, however, that this consensus was premature. In this region, the most common crop in ADE fields is bitter manioc. Farmers there have various landraces of manioc that they believe yield particularly well on ADE, and logically plant more of these varieties on ADE. Aspects of the behaviour and perception of manioc cultivation among 52 farmers at the community of Barro Alto were measured quantitatively on four terra firme soil types (Terra Preta, Terra Mulata, Oxisols and Ultisols). These farmers plant different configurations of landraces in different soils, according to their perception of the suitability of particular landraces and their characteristics to certain soil types and successional processes. This, in turn, shapes selective pressures on these varieties, as new genetic material incorporated from volunteer seedlings is more likely to contain traits present in the most prevalent landrace(s) in each soil type. Owing to localized population pressure at Barro Alto, manioc is under more intensive cultivation systems, with shorter cropping periods (5-10 months) and shorter fallow periods (1-2 years). The outcome of these processes is different co-evolutionary dynamics on ADE as opposed to non-anthropogenic soils. Further anthropological study of manioc swiddening in one of the richest agricultural environments in Amazonia can fill a gap in the literature, thus opening an additional window on the pre-Columbian period.
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Sunarno and Putri Anggia. "PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT NGEPAS KIDUL MELALUI BUDI DAYA JAHE (NGEPAS KIDUL DONOHARJO, SLEMAN, DI YOGYAKARTA)." LOGISTA - Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/logista.3.2.97-104.2019.
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Keberdayaan masyarakat petani dalam berbagai aspek di era milenial adalah sangat dibutuhkan. Kelompok masyarakat petani di berbagai sektor Pertanian termasuk Pertanian jahe dituntut untuk berdaya dari aspek Pengetahuan, SDM dan Kelembagaan dan jaringan pemasaran. Program PPM ini bertujuan untuk memberikan upaya pemberdayaan di berbagai aspek berupa menambah pengetahan dan skill, memperkuat kelembagaan, dan memberikan pendampingan dalam rangka ekspansi jaringan pasar. Metode program ini adalah dengan pola penyuluhan, motivasi, pelatihan dan pendampingan sehingga tujuan dari program ini tercapai.
Hasil dari program ini bahwa keberdayaan pada aspek pengetahun dan skill dengan metode penyluruhan telah berhasil walaupun belum maksimal, pemberdayaan kelembagaan sudah dipahami dan dilaksanaan melalui penguatan kelompok kelompok tani misalnya kelompok tani wanita, sedangkan penguatan kelembagaan dalam bentuk badan hukum baru tahap persiapan dan melengkapi anggaran dasar dan anggaran rumah tangga (AD/ART). Begitu pula produk jahe sementara ini baru sebatas membuat trade merk, untuk sampai ke hak paten masih perlu dipersiapkan syarat syarat administrasi dan syarat teknis dan klinis.
Kata kunci: Budidaya jahe, Jahe, Pemberdayaan masyarakat, Kelompok petani
ABSTRACT
The empowerment of farmers in various aspects of the millennial era is very much needed. Farmer groups in various agricultural sectors, including ginger farming, are required to be empowered from the aspects of Knowledge, H, and Institution and network marketing. The PPM program aims to provide empowerment efforts in various aspects in the form of increased knowledge and skills, strengthening institutions, and providing assistance to expand the market network.The method of this program is with patterns of counseling, motivation, training, and assistance so that the objectives of this program was achieved. The results of this program are that empowerment in the aspects of knowledge and skills. The method of overall success has been done even though it has not been maximized; institutional empowerment has been understood and implemented through strengthening farmer groups such as women's farmer groups while strengthening institutions in the form of new legal entities preparation and completing articles of association and by-laws (AD / ART). Similarly, ginger products, while only limited to making brand trade, to get to the patent rights still need to be prepared for terms of administrative requirements and technical and clinical requirements.
Keywords: Cultivating ginger, Ginger, Community empowerment, Farmer Groups
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Kasymbekov, R. A., B. S. Sultanaliyev, B. Sh Aytuganov, Y. D. Osmonov, and S. Zh Akmatova. "CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF THE AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY PARK." Vestnik Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, no. 9 (2021): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53083/1996-4277-2021-203-09-108-114.
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Technology parks have played a leading role in the de-velopment of the economy of many countries. The system of technology parks with a viable mechanism for introduc-ing innovations and technologies has allowed these coun-tries to outstrip others by an order of magnitude. With the development of such industrial technology parks, the issue of creating agricultural technology parks becomes more and more urgent. As world practice shows, agricultural technology parks are created at universities, but most of the projects carried out in them are of little demand due to their weak market orientation. The conceptual model of an agricultural technology park proposed in this paper pro-vides a clearly developed scheme, creates an orderly and systematized mechanism for the commercialization of technologies and innovations, and makes it possible to develop a product in demand by the market, thanks to pre-liminary analysis and study of the demand for the product. The conceptual model covers all aspects, spheres and areas of agriculture and offers an effective mechanism for introducing innovations and new technologies into agricul-tural production. The agricultural technology park model shows the procedure for providing support to residents and a mechanism for promoting their stable growth.Thanks to the presence of advertising, marketing and sales depart-ments, a powerful funnel of potential customers is created, influencing the stable development of resident firms of the agricultural technology park. A clear interaction of variousstructural divisions, their operational and functional rela-tionship ensures the effectiveness of the agricultural tech-nology park. The provision of financial, legal and logistical assistance, the provision of the necessary office and pro-duction sites, as well as the transfer of accounting func-tions, product advertising to experienced specialists of the relevant departments of the agricultural technology park allows the rapid and guaranteed development of resident firms. The proposed business model may be applied to all areas of agricultural technologies which allow ensuring financial stability and accelerated development of the agri-cultural technology park itself.
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Darwis, Valeriana, Ashari, and Chairul Muslim. "LKMA Evaluation Formed from PUAP Program in Overcoming Farming Financing in Rural Areas (Case study: Magelang Regency)." E3S Web of Conferences 232 (2021): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123202002.
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Rural Agribusiness Development (PUAP) is a program to provide capital for smallholder in the agricultural sector. The final goal of this program is to format Agribusiness Micro Credit Institutions (LKMA) in rural. In the implementation 6,887 LKMAs have been formed, including in Magelang Regency. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the LKMA and its benefit for farmers’ capital fulfillment. The survey was conducted in July 2019 using the FGD method with administrators and interviews with the farmer using a questionnaire. The evaluation focused on the institutional, business, and capital development aspects. The data analyzed through the ranking method to determine the LKMA rank. Of the 9 LKMA, the best LKMA is Ngudi Luhur LKMA, with criteria (i) the institutional aspect is already incorporated, has an office, employees with a fixed monthly salary; (ii) business aspects: saving and loan business carried out based on SOP of financial institutions and (iii) of capital development have reached 3.3 billion. However, loans only cover less than 30% of farmers’ needs due to the limited availability of LKMA capital. Therefore, it is recommended to assist capital loan assistance to LKMA, which will then be transmitted to farmmers.
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Kozlov, V. A., O. A. Frolova, and Y. A. Yukhlina. "Development of recommendations to provide grants for beginning farmers." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 81, no. 1 (July 18, 2019): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2019-1-329-336.
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In view of their features, as well as the low level of production, agricultural producers need government support. It stands out in different directions according to the state program. At the same time, there is support to novice farmers in the form of grants from the state, the purpose of which is to help develop business in any branch of agriculture: in breeding horses, cows, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry, growing potatoes, grain crops, vegetables in the open and closed ground, fruits and berries, fishing, beekeeping. Grants are provided to persons registered as an individual entrepreneur for at least a year who have a business plan for expanding or modernizing the economy. Support is provided 1 time, for 10 years. Assistance to novice farmers is provided in two main areas: the creation (development) of the economy 1.5–3.0 million rubles; help for the device of life up to 250 thousand rubles. The purpose of the study is to examine the theoretical aspects of state support, analysis of assistance to novice farmers, as well as the development of recommendations for the provision of grants. The article uses abstract logic and design methods. Analyzed the activities of agriculture at the federal and regional levels. The concept of “state support for agriculture” was clarified and supplemented: state budget funds aimed at developing the industry and rural areas in certain areas; direct increase in their profitability, through the production of necessary agricultural products; the main criterion for which remains the effectiveness of the use of this support. The state farmer beginner state support program has been improved, recommendations on introducing changes to this program have been developed.
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Orencio, P. M., A. G. C. Vallez, and R. J. M. Bandong. "Determinants of Sustainability: A Case of Piloting ISARD Models in Oriental Mindoro and Leyte, Philippines." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 995, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/995/1/012060.
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Abstract SEARCA, in its 10th five-year plan (10th FYP), implemented the program, Inclusive and Sustainable Agricultural and Rural Development (ISARD). A pilot project was undertaken in a specific rural community following a well-defined scheme for an agroecosystem and through the integration of four inter-related components, technical assistance, capacity building, knowledge management, and linkage and networking. After the completion in 2020, evidences of well-developed agricultural system capable of contributing to the goals of food security and poverty alleviation emerged. In its 11th FYP, SEARCA endeavors to scale out the ARD model project in the Southeast Asian region. But, how will this benefit from adopting FAO’s Sustainable Food and Agriculture (SFA)? This central question was addressed by authors in this study. Using an indicator-based assessment approach, the results revealed that the pilot ISARD project, in general, has adopted the SFA principles. It is rated as Good Sustainability, with an overall SFA index of 0.62. To further meet the aspired sustainability through agricultural interventions, the design, delivery, and implementation of ISARD components should include aspects related to facilitating access to productive resources, finance, services for basic infrastructure, protecting water resources, promoting tenure systems to access land, and enhancing nutrition-based programs for the community.
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Mashur, Mashur, Dedi Riswandi, and Ahmad Sibawaihi. "Peran Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (Baznas) dalam Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat (analisis pengembangan Ekonomi Islam)." JURNAL SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN HUMANIORA 8, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jseh.v8i4.184.
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potential for the development and welfare of the community's economic life. It is just, This potential must be managed professionally in order to achieve the goal of zakat for development Islamic economics institutionally. Zakat as an important aspect in economics is best when approached from the scientific and economic aspects institutionally can be a solution to alleviating poverty because it plays a role in community empowerment, especially the poor, the poor and others. The Baznas institution as zakat manager becomes the object of this research so that this research qualitative. Interviews and observations were carried out as a method for researchers to obtain data using the approach qualitative. Based on the research, the researchers found that Baznas contributed significantly community empowerment through various programs that have been and are being implemented in various fields. Provision of working capital, capital or commercial equipment, capital agricultural seeds, animal husbandry capital for mustahik and others. Other help not only in the health sector, but also in education, humanity and others. All forms of assistance received by the community to meet the needs of life, improve the standard of living socio-economic life, fostering the spirit of mutual help, independence and others. The Baznas assistance program is part of the institution's education to the community. hope, public awareness to be generous, obey the command of tithing enhancement.
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Ujhelyi, Nelli. "„YOU DO IT QUIETLY, YOU HELP AND THAT'S IT.” THE EXPERIENCE OF VOLUNTEERING THROUGH A CASE EXAMPLE." Különleges Bánásmód - Interdiszciplináris folyóirat 2022, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18458/kb.2022.3.89.
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The largest population movement in the history of Europe since the Second World War has been the migration process of recent years, which also appeared in Hungary in 2015. The significant demographic movement has resulted in important social reactions and has developed different narratives in the civil and also in the power fields. In Hungary, the refugee issue has become a decisive topic of political discourse since 2015, and the party coalition was among the first in Europe to represent the security policy. As a result, the refugees appeared as a source of danger, so the government has rejected them. In spite of this, the grassroots volunteer groups were organized in the civil sphere, who helped the refugee masses passing through Hungary in 2015. This paper analyses a very brief but very intense manifestation of Hungarian civil society involvement as a social response to current conflicts. We will look at how the 2015 migration wave grassroots crisis management took place in Debrecen. This cultural anthropological research is based on online and offline participatory observations and semi-structured interviews and informal conversations with volunteers who helped refugees in Debrecen. This study focuses on the motivations, attitudes, social responsibility of volunteers and their voluntary activity embedded in broader socio-political conditions. The first part of the article shows the formation and operational peculiarities of solidarity philanthropic organization with refugees in Debrecen. Then follows the individual aspects of volunteering. Finally, it will be discussed the socio-political context of the civil voluntary movement, the political interpretations of refugee assistance, and its impact on volunteering. With outlining a segment of the contemporary volunteer phenomenon we can get closer to provide a framework for understanding the possibilities of the recent civil sphere.
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Stevenson, T. J., M. E. Visser, W. Arnold, P. Barrett, S. Biello, A. Dawson, D. L. Denlinger, et al. "Disrupted seasonal biology impacts health, food security and ecosystems." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1817 (October 22, 2015): 20151453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1453.
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The rhythm of life on earth is shaped by seasonal changes in the environment. Plants and animals show profound annual cycles in physiology, health, morphology, behaviour and demography in response to environmental cues. Seasonal biology impacts ecosystems and agriculture, with consequences for humans and biodiversity. Human populations show robust annual rhythms in health and well-being, and the birth month can have lasting effects that persist throughout life. This review emphasizes the need for a better understanding of seasonal biology against the backdrop of its rapidly progressing disruption through climate change, human lifestyles and other anthropogenic impact. Climate change is modifying annual rhythms to which numerous organisms have adapted, with potential consequences for industries relating to health, ecosystems and food security. Disconcertingly, human lifestyles under artificial conditions of eternal summer provide the most extreme example for disconnect from natural seasons, making humans vulnerable to increased morbidity and mortality. In this review, we introduce scenarios of seasonal disruption, highlight key aspects of seasonal biology and summarize from biomedical, anthropological, veterinary, agricultural and environmental perspectives the recent evidence for seasonal desynchronization between environmental factors and internal rhythms. Because annual rhythms are pervasive across biological systems, they provide a common framework for trans-disciplinary research.
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S Jumiyati and I Irmawati. "Increasing income and farming management: Empowering survivor farmers in reducing the impact of Covid-19." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 11, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.11.1.0338.
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The Covid-19 pandemic had an impact on the agricultural sector in Central Sulawesi, which had previously been a victim of the earthquake, tsunami, and liquefaction that occurred on September 28, 2018. Facing this condition, the program to empower local shallot farmers in Palu, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province through the Jama'ah Tani Muhammadiyah (JATAM) group is very strategic. The income of local shallot farmers in Palu before and after the empowerment program and farm management studies during the Covid-19 pandemic was carried out using in-depth observation and interview techniques. In addition, Income Analysis was conducted to calculate the difference in farmers' income before and after empowerment. The results showed an increase in farmers' income after joining the JATAM group from an initial income of IDR. 10.304.500, - to IDR. 15,041,000,-. Furthermore, farming management, which includes aspects of land management, nurseries, planting, fertilizing, maintenance, harvesting and post-harvest to marketing and processing harvests into processed food products, namely Palu fried onions, has been carried out based on agribusiness management. Agribusiness management includes the functions of planning, organizing, implementing to monitoring. Empowerment activities consist of synergistic and comprehensive counseling, training and assistance aspects of production, marketing to agribusiness-based processing and mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Virtriana, R., A. Riqqi, T. S. Anggraini, K. N. Fauzan, K. T. N. Ihsan, F. C. Mustika, F. W. Atmaja, et al. "DEVELOPMENT OF GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION INTEGRATED WITH BIG DATA TO AGRICULTURAL HAZARD MONITORING IN WEST JAVA." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-M-2-2022 (July 25, 2022): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-m-2-2022-209-2022.
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Abstract. Food security is highly dependent on three aspects, namely food availability, food access, and food utilization. The availability aspect depends on food supply which is identical to agricultural productivity. West Java Province is the third national rice producer with 16.6%, but West Java Province is the most extensive rice consumer, around 21.1% of the total national rice consumption. Agricultural productivity can decline due to natural hazards such as floods and droughts. Monitoring floods and droughts in paddy fields are necessary to prevent decreased agricultural productivity. This study aims to monitor the rice fields from the dangers of flooding and drought every month. Agricultural hazard monitoring is divided into two parameters, namely static parameters and dynamic parameters. Dynamic parameters are observed every month so that the hazard index is generated on a monthly scale. GIS and Remote sensing data are integrated to perform agricultural hazard modelling. Furthermore, this agricultural hazard modelling results will be strengthened by using big to provide information about an almost real-time event that can be accessed through the Application Program Interface (API) service. This study uses a data mining system from Drone Emprit that performs data mining on Twitter and news portals with machine learning technology (probabilistic classifier) and Natural Learning Process. The results obtained are around 15,000 data from January 1 to November 1, 2021, and 37.9% of them are identified by location based on the city or district level in West Java Province. It is hoped that the policy-maker can consider the area of agricultural land that requires assistance to increase productivity and plan a policy to support agriculture in West Java in the future.
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Said, Maricleide Maia, Alexandre Almir Ferreira Rivas, and Luiz Antonio de Oliveira. "Cupuassu plant management and the market situation of Itacoatiara, Manacapuru and Presidente Figueiredo counties, Amazonas State, Brazil." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): e15110313109. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13109.
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Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng. Schum.) is one of the most cultivated fruit species in the Amazon. This work analyzed three aspects of cultivation and fruit processing in the Amazonas State counties of Itacoatiara, Manacapuru and Presidente Figueiredo: the farms producing cupuassu, the utilization, and marketing forms of its byproducts. In these counties there is no uniformity in cupuassu plantations for plants density, fruit and seed yields. They were formed without proper guidance from State agencies agricultural assistance, resulting in very poor cultivation system, with high plants densities found in almost all rural properties. These high densities increase plants competition for nutrients and light, favor the pests and diseases proliferation and hinder harvesting. If farmers use technologies and proper techniques of cultivation and maintenance, cupuassu pulp productivities could increase from 442-649 (counties averages) to 2,000-3,000 kg.ha-1. Seed production jump from 0 (when not sold) or 178-261 (counties averages) to 1,000-1,257kg.ha-1.
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Maswadi, Shenny Oktoriana, Rini Hazriani, and Maulidi. "Development Model on Prevention of Land and Forest Fire in the Peat Land Area with Empowerment Society Approach (Case Study in West Kalimantan)." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research 3, no. 3 (January 12, 2021): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/injar.v3i3.4448.
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Land fires are an annual agenda in Indonesia, especially in areas covered by peatlands. Peatland management using fire is the main cause. The general paradigm for land fires is that the farmers' economy is low. In fact, the factors that cause land fires are not only from the economic aspect, but from the social and institutional aspects which affect the behavior of farmers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is (1) to analyze the correlation of factors that influence land burning behavior, and (2) to determine the model for the changing of burning behavior into non burning farm land cultivation, in order to prevent land fire in Kuburaya Disrict and Bengkayang District, West Kalimantan. The research involved farmers farming on peatlands in both districts. Regression models was used for the correlation analysis. Based on the results of the regression analysis, a land burning behavior change model was determined based on the influencing factors descriptively. The result of the analysis showed the factors that significantly influence land burning behavior at the household level are knowledge level (consist of farming problems faced by farmers, agricultural extension materials and the application of technology), observance of rules, activeness of mutual assistance, cosmopolitan level, appraisal on burning behavior, and imitation level. The resulting model for changing the behavior of burning land is implementing activity of assistance, social capital stimulus and positive agreements/ pressure to the land users.
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Nokhrina, Valentina A. "Congresses of the Moscow Rural Society: a system for the development of agrarian reforms. 19th – early 20th centuries." Historical and social-educational ideas 13, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 112–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2021-13-2-112-127.
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In the proposed article, on the basis of the materials of the Moscow Society of Agriculture identified in the fund of the Central Scientific Agricultural Library. With the involvement of the developments of researchers on the history of agrarian thought in Russia in the 19th and early 20th centuries, forms of communication between the scientific and professional communities are determined for the modernization of the agricultural sector of agriculture after the peasant reform of 1861 of the year. The publication highlights the main forms of communication: the publishing activity of the Society, the organization of exhibitions and congresses. To assess the large-scale activities of the Moscow Society of Agriculture for 110 years, a brief overview of its practical work is presented, and the role in the agrarian rationalization of agriculture in Russian historiography is revealed. Members of the Moscow Society have made a significant contribution to the study of the state of agriculture, ways of evolution and methods of increasing its productivity. On the example of materials from three All-Russian congresses on agronomic assistance to the population, the organizational aspects of resolving issues of agricultural management in the regions of Russia. The role and significance of the public initiative is especially valuable today, when the problems of innovative renewal and modernization of the agricultural sector are becoming a national task. For its successful solution, the documents of the congresses can be useful, since they make it possible to trace the genesis of the processes of agricultural development in various thematic areas and economic zones in historical terms and to avoid possible mistakes in decision-making.
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Mariano, Thiago Heleno, and Marcelo José Braga. "Fatores críticos de sucesso na gestão de cooperativas de cafeicultores." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): e14375. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/riae.v20i1.14375.
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Objective: The present paper aims to identify the Critical Success Factors for the management of cooperatives of coffee growers. The intention is to contribute to the improvement of management and to subsidize the formulation of strategies in these organizations.Methodology: A consultation was made to specialists who work with agricultural cooperatives and coffee agribusiness, using the Delphi Technique as a methodological tool.Originality: Consultation with specialists, through the Delphi Technique, resulted in the identification of important aspects for the formulation of strategies in cooperatives of coffee growers.Main results: It was identified that the promotion of technical assistance and rural extension activities, professionalization of management, implementation of hedge operations in future markets and reduction of information asymmetries are considered strategic guidelines relevant to coffee growers' cooperatives.Theoretical contributions: It was possible to validate the Delphi Technique as an effective methodological instrument for the identification of Critical Success Factors. The results of this paper also allow case studies to be carried out in cooperatives of coffee growers, besides serving as a guide for studies that aim to analyze the strategic management process in these organizations.
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Sharma, Sudhir Kumar, and Manpreet Singh Manna. "Finite element method based design and performance analysis of universal motor for agro applications." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i1.4204.
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A universal motor is one that is capable of operating on either AC or DC power supply. The commutator is a component of the motor that has a significant impact on how efficiently the motor operates. It is essential to conduct an analysis of the pole structure of the universal motor in order to investigate the many aspects. The parametric study of a universal motor with a rating of 1 horsepower and 15,000 revolutions per minute that was designed with various combinations of brush angle and pole embrace factor for use in agricultural applications. The purpose of this study is to improve the effectiveness of the motor while preserving the ideal tolerance range for the model's other parameters as much as possible. The approach now allows for a greater degree of personalization for each distinct combination of factors. With the assistance of the finite element method (FEM), the transient solution is carried out so that the performance of the motor can be evaluated more accurately. The model that has been designed provides major design improvements, one of which is an improved average torque.
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Feitosa, Anny Kariny, and Carlos Wagner de Oliveira. "PERFIL AGROSSOCIOECONÔMICO DE PRODUTORES RURAIS NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DO CARIRI CEARENSE." REVISTA GEONORTE 11, no. 38 (December 18, 2020): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21170/geonorte.2020.v.11.n.38.186.199.
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This article aims to diagnose the agrosocioeconomic profile of rural producers in the Metropolitan Region of Cariri, through a case study applied in the municipalities of Crato, Juazeiro do Norte and Barbalha. To this end, an interview was conducted with sixty farmers, twenty from each municipality, containing questions about family composition; gender, age, marital status, education level; exercise of other economic activity besides agriculture; family income; technical assistance; cultivation type; total area of the property and cultivated area; agricultural implements used on the property; the destination of production; among other aspects. The results found highlight the predominance of the male gender (61.7%), with the age group of 46 to 65 years (48.3%), elementary school (46.6%), with 70% of the interviewees among those without schooling and with fundamental level, 76.7% interviewees married or in a stable relationship, with exclusive income from agricultural activity of up to 1 (one) minimum wage, working in small properties, with an area of less than 5 (five) hectares. Among the products, poultry, corn and beans cultivation stand out, mainly family consumption (91.7%), with the surplus sold atlocal fairs (51.7%), delivered to school meals (30%) and sold, in 25% of cases, at the property's headquarters. The importance of strengthening the sector is reinforced through the creation of government policies to support and guarantee production and marketing in the region.
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Sujianto, Endro Gunawan, Saptana, Syahyuti, Valeriana Darwis, Ashari, Mat Syukur, et al. "Farmers’ perception, awareness, and constraints of organic rice farming in Indonesia." Open Agriculture 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 284–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0090.
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Abstract The green revolution and climate change have become a promising Indonesian rice production strategy to reach self-sufficiency through the application of improved agricultural technology such as organic rice farming (ORF). ORF is an eco-friendly agricultural practice that increases production, income, and sustainable agriculture. This study assessed farmers’ perception, motivation, constraints, awareness, and belief in adopting ORF. The study used a multi-stage sampling procedure. The primary data were collected from 203 households in West Java Province using a structured questionnaire. Weighted average index (WAI) was used to assess the farmers’ perception, motivation, awareness, and belief regarding the adoption of ORF. The results reveal a significantly different perception between ORF and conventional rice farming (CRF) farmers on production, quality, health and safety, market price, environmental concern, and certification aspects. ORF farmers had a more positive perception than conventional farmers. The results of the WAI reveal that CRF had a lower yield (0.63), risk-averse (0.70), and no cash compensation (0.62), whereas ORF had a higher price (0.82) and organic farming lifestyle (0.83). The ORF farmers also still have a strong positive belief in organic farming for the future, even though they lack organic fertilizer resources and certification. The strategies for adopting ORF are infrastructure improvement and community empowerment, compensation and incentive strategy, more intensive socialization, provision of assistance and training related to ORF, marketing facilitation, and subsidies on the prices and certification of organic rice.
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Rahmah, Devi Maulida, Agusta Samodra Putra, Riaru Ishizaki, Ryozo Noguchi, and Tofael Ahamed. "A Life Cycle Assessment of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers for Coffee Production to Evaluate Sustainability toward the Energy–Environment–Economic Nexus in Indonesia." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 25, 2022): 3912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073912.
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Coffee is an important agricultural commodity that is branded according to its environmental criteria in the global market. Therefore, Indonesia’s coffee production system needs to be investigated to meet the demand for eco-labeling, which has become a consumer preference. This study aims to assess the comprehensive sustainability evaluation of coffee production nurtured by an organic fertilizing system (OFS), chemical-organic fertilizing system (COFS), and chemical fertilizing system (CFS) that focuses on the energy–environment–economic nexus. A life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle cost analysis (LCC), and energy analysis were performed as methods to evaluate the environmental impact, economic performance, and energy requirement analysis. The results indicated that the OFS had superior performance in two sustainability aspects: resulting in the lowest environmental damage and generating the highest economic benefit. Simultaneously, COFS shows the highest sustainability performance as it consumes the least energy. In contrast, CFS indicated the lowest sustainability performance in all aspects: highest environmental impact, lowest economic benefit, and highest energy consumption. Therefore, OFS is strongly recommended to be applied broadly, considering its environmental and economic superiority. Consequently, massive OFS application was followed by higher energy consumption. Alternatively, COFS can be considered for application due to its higher energy performance, even though it can potentially result in higher environmental damage and lower economic benefit. However, the government should explicitly provide some effort for the broad application of OFS in financial and assistance support since the shifting process needs more time to adapt.
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Carpi, Anthony, Valentina Nikulina, Xuechen Li, and Cathy Spatz Widom. "Childhood maltreatment and lead levels in middle adulthood: A prospective examination of the roles of individual socio-economic and neighborhood characteristics." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 24, 2020): e0240683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240683.
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Background Lead is a common environmental hazard because of its past use as an additive to gasoline and household paint. Some evidence suggests that children with histories of child abuse and neglect are at elevated risk for residence in communities and households with less desirable characteristics and high levels of exposure to environmental hazards and toxins. Objectives To understand whether childhood maltreatment leads to higher levels of household dust lead and blood lead in adulthood and the extent to which characteristics of a person’s physical environment or individual level socio-economic status (SES) (based on unemployment, poverty, and receipt of public assistance) contribute to understanding the relationship. Methods A large prospective cohort design study in which abused and neglected children (ages 0–11) were matched with non-maltreated children and assessed in adulthood. Objective and subjective neighborhood characteristics were assessed at approximate age 40 and household dust lead (cleaned and less often cleaned) and blood lead levels were measured at age 41. Blood was collected through venipuncture by a registered nurse as part of a medical status exam. Results Childhood maltreatment predicted higher levels of dust lead in less often cleaned household places, residence in worse neighborhoods defined by objective (census tract data) and subjective (reports of physical disorder and lack of social cohesion and control), and higher levels of poverty, receiving public assistance, and unemployment. Only objective neighborhood characteristics mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and dust lead level in adulthood. There were also significant paths from objective neighborhood disadvantage and individual level SES to higher levels of blood lead. Discussion Thirty years after their childhood experiences, individuals with documented histories of childhood maltreatment are at higher risk for living in environments as adults with elevated lead levels that may impact other aspects of their lives and compromise their health.