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Brewis, Alexandra A. "Anthropological Perspectives on Infanticide." University of Arizona, Department of Anthropology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/112038.
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Infanticidal behavior has been very common through-out human history. It is suggested that progenicidal behavior, whether consciously or unconsciously practiced, be defined and considered within a cultural, ecological and historical matrix in anthropological studies. Sociobiological and materialist interpretive models are considered too extremist by many anthropologists. Both approaches have an inherent tendency to treat "culture" as a subsidiary variable in infanticide, rather than as encompassing progenicidal phenomena and strategies. A useful conceptual framework with which to approach data collection is one where individuals negotiate progenicidal and child care decision-making within a sociocultural, ecological, technological, demographic and economic framework.
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Stokes, Martin. "Anthropological perspectives on music in Turkey." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303568.
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Brown, Burton James. "Anthropological perspectives of resistance terrorism : a cultural evolutionary approach." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 1994. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/124.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Anthropology
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Caraballo-Resto, Juan Francisco. "Shifting perspectives : an anthropological understanding of fundamentalism amongst Muslims in Spain." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=211296.
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This dissertation focuses on religious fundamentalism. For the past two decades, fundamentalism has been discussed in the social sciences as a style of belief by which beleaguered followers attempt to preserve their distinctive identity as a people in the face of modernity and secularization. However, it is my contention that this universalistic approach often undermines religious diversity and oversimplifies cultural particularities. Moreover, I find that the term ‘fundamentalist' is, more often than not, a label for the ‘Other'; one that is invariably negative and thus, dismisses and vilifies. With this argument in mind, in my research I present how different Muslim groups in Madrid and Barcelona understand the concept of ‘fundamentalism'—a term widely used by the Spanish media after the Madrid bombings claimed by Al-Qaeda in 2004. By examining how different Muslim groups repeat, alter, adapt, and argue ‘fundamentalism' in their daily lives, I explore who uses the term, under what circumstances and with what intent. In doing so, we also analyze broader, everyday problematics pertaining to Muslims in Spain. Rather than providing an universalistic definition of ‘fundamentalism' that offers an all encompassing meaning, in my research I present an analysis that is entangled with the individual. Centered on agency, this work first examines the category-construction process of the concept of fundamentalism; second, it explores how Muslims in Madrid and Barcelona understand this concept; and finally, it analyzes the the [sic] how the popular rhetoric of fundamentalism impacts the ways in which some Muslims their religiosity in a Muslim-minority context like Spain.
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Garefalakis, Charalampos. "Neanderthal archaeology in MIS 3 Western Europe : ecological and anthropological perspectives." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/366711/.
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Cupitt, Rebekah. "We Are the Robots : An anthropological perspective on human-robot interaction." Thesis, Socialantropologiska institutionen, Stockholms universitetet, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-49557.
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Abstract How do we cope with technology today? We are surrounded by machines, computers and technological devices from mobile phones to automated check- outs. These types of machines are no longer exotic in Sweden where today the average person is usually fluent in their use. But do we really have an understanding of how these objects work, is understanding necessary and how do we cope when our knowledge is lacking? This thesis is intended as an introduction to an anthropological way of look- ing at strategies people develop for understanding, using and interacting with technological objects, specifically robots. Still an exotic object, robots are more widely known-about than experienced. Based on ethnographic data, primarily gathered in two distinct workplace environments as well as interviews and video documentation, my analysis aims to illustrate the implications of defining hu- mans and robots as equally significant agents within networks whilst disputing the traditional importance given to the dichotomy of technology (non-human) and human. Whilst robots are definitely less than we expect them to be, they are still so- cial artefacts, firmly situated within social networks and meaning which manifest through human–robot interactions. Perhaps little more than tools, an ambigu- ity exists in human–robot interactions which suggests that we form quasi-social relations that could, and have been exploited by designers and engineers to broaden the range of use for technological objects. Keywords: human-robot interaction, network theory, situated knowledges, agential realism, performativity, social contextualisation of technological objects
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Woodman, Justin. "Modernity, selfhood, and the demonic : anthropological perspectives on 'Chaos magick'in the United Kingdom." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405205.
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Gordon, Jennifer. "Impotence and omnipotence : problematising the articulation of anthropological perspectives within the land restitution process." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9476.
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Includes bibliography.This dissertation attempts to illustrate to what extent applied anthropologists operating within institutional contexts can effectively articulate their anthropological perspectives in order to contribute towards effecting positive social change. In order to explore the above thesis, I have reflected upon and analysed my role as an applied anthropologist in an effort to inform and advance an understanding of the strengths and limitations of this role. Accordingly, I have reflected upon my experiences during a three month research internship which I served at the Commission on Restitution of Land Rights (Western and Northern Cape), working on the Ndabeni Land Restitution Claim. Through reflecting upon my own inability to appropriately incorporate anthropological perspectives within the Ndabeni Land Restitution process, I was able to identify two constraints within the institutional context of the Commission on Restitution of Land Rights (Western and Northern Cape) which served to paralyse these perspectives. I concluded that applied anthropologists are simultaneously rendered impotent and omnipotent to articulate their perspectives. This can be attributed firstly to the role applied anthropologists play within the institutional context, and secondly, to the type of knowledge that the institutional context requires applied anthropologists to produce.
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Ylipulli, J. (Johanna). "Smart futures meet northern realities: anthropological perspectives on the design and adoption of urban computing." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526207483.
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Abstract This thesis explores the sociocultural processes shaping the design, adoption and use of new urban technology in the city of Oulu in northern Finland. The exploration is conducted at experiential level focusing on people’s personal perspectives which allows uncovering underlying cultural meanings, social structures and historically formed practices and discourses. The unique case for the thesis is provided by the recent technological development in Oulu that has been shaped by agendas such as ubiquitous computing and smart cities. The thesis first investigates in-depth the design process of the new urban technology, and also compares the visions of the designers and decision-makers with the practices and perspectives of the city inhabitants. Then, the adoption process of public urban technologies is studied in detail by constructing a conceptual appropriation model. Finally, the effects of the northern location of Oulu on the design and use of the urban technology are scrutinized. The research is based on empirical, qualitative research materials comparing the experiences of young adult and elderly city inhabitants; in addition, quantitative use data of urban technologies is utilized to provide an overview on the use trends. The key findings indicate that the design and decisions concerning novel technologies and the outcome are shaped by complex sociomaterial practices based on experiences from previous similar projects, and on certain preconceptions about the city inhabitants and technology’s role in the cityscape. Different people have differing power positions in relation to the development of the urban public places, and technology implementation can marginalize some segments of city inhabitants. Further, the adoption of novel urban technologies is found to depend heavily on the norms of public places and people’s long-term experiences of technology use. Finally, climate, ICT use and sociocultural context are shown to be profoundly interconnected, and thus, urban computing design must reconsider the situatedness of technology. These findings call for further sociocultural studies on future smart citiesTiivistelmä Väitöskirja tarkastelee sosiokulttuurisia tekijöitä, jotka ovat vaikuttaneet uuden kaupunkiteknologian suunnitteluun, omaksumiseen ja käyttöön Pohjois-Suomessa Oulussa. Tutkimus keskittyy ihmisten kokemukselliseen tasoon, jonka kautta on mahdollista hahmottaa kulttuurisia merkityksiä, sosiaalisia rakenteita sekä historiallisesti muotoutuneita käytäntöjä ja diskursseja. Tutkimuksen taustalla on Oulun viime vuosien teknologinen kehitys, joka osaltaan perustuu visioihin älykaupungista ja kaupunkitilaan sulautetusta jokapaikan tietotekniikasta. Tutkimus tarkastelee aluksi uuden kaupunkiteknologian suunnitteluprosessia, ja peilaa lisäksi suunnittelijoiden ja päättäjien visioita kaupunkilaisten käytäntöihin ja näkökulmiin. Seuraavaksi julkisten kaupunkiteknologioiden käyttöönottoa jäljitetään rakentamalla malli, joka kuvaa omaksumisprosesseja. Lopuksi selvitetään Oulun pohjoisen sijainnin vaikutusta teknologian suunnitteluun ja käyttöön. Tutkimus perustuu empiirisiin, laadullisiin tutkimusaineistoihin, joiden avulla tutkitaan ja vertaillaan nuorten aikuisten ja ikääntyneiden kaupunkilaisten kokemuksia. Lisäksi käytetään määrällistä aineistoa kuvaamaan kaupunkiteknologioiden käytön kehityssuuntia. Väitöskirjan mukaan kaupunkiteknologioita koskevat päätökset ja lopputulos ovat monimutkaisten sosiaalis-materiaalisten käytäntöjen muovaavia. Käytäntöjen taustalla ovat kokemukset samankaltaisista projekteista sekä ennakkokäsitykset kaupunkilaisista ja teknologian roolista kaupunkitilassa. Tutkimus valottaa ihmisten erilaisia valta-asemia kaupunkien kehityksessä ja tuo esiin, miten teknologia voi marginalisoida joitakin ihmisryhmiä. Tutkimus osoittaa, miten julkisten paikkojen normit ja pitkän ajan kuluessa muovautuneet teknologiakokemukset vaikuttavat uusien kaupunkiteknologioiden omaksumiseen. Lisäksi todetaan ilmaston, tieto- ja viestintätekniikan käytön ja sosiokulttuurisen kontekstin vahva yhteys, jonka vuoksi alan tutkimuksen tulisi arvioida uudelleen teknologian paikkasidonnaisuutta. Tulokset osoittavat, että sosiokulttuurista tutkimusta älykaupungeista tarvitaan lisää
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Lee, Sang Meyng. "The cosmic drama of salvation a study of Paul's undisputed writings from anthropological and cosmological perspectives." Tübingen Mohr Siebeck, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1001928318/04.
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De, Wet C. J., C. W. Manona, and Robin Palmer. "Local responses to political policies and socio-economic change in the Keiskammahoek district, Ciskei: anthropological perspectives." Rhodes University, Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1810.
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This report relates to research done in the Keiskammahoek district of the Ciskei (see Map No. l) during 1989 and early 1990, with the financial support of the Programme for Development Research (PRODDER) of the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) of South Africa. The project was designed and conducted against the background of previous research, and has served as a pilot project for a larger project, entitled "Socio- Economic Change and Development Planning in the Keiskammahoek District of the Ciskei". This larger project which is currently in progress, (and which has been funded by the Institute for Research Development of the HSRC, by the Chairman's Fund of Anglo-American and De Beers, and by Johannesburg Consolidated Investments Co Ltd), is intended to give rise to a process of consultation and planning, leading to various local-level development initiatives in the District.Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
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Krmpotich, Cara A. "Repatriation and the production of kinship and memory : anthropological perspectives on the repatriation of Haida ancestral remains." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:59a8ea73-7bf5-4dfe-af88-cb9d7727035e.
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An ethnographic approach is used to produce a nuanced investigation of the efforts of the Haida First Nation in British Columbia, Canada, to repatriate the human remains of their ancestors from collections around the world. The result is a contextualisation of Haida repatriation within values and structures of kinship—a position that stands in contrast to the frequent use of political or legalistic frameworks to understand repatriation issues. Incorporating Haida sensibilities toward kinship relations is necessary as analyses based in colonial or post-colonial encounters fail to account for the full range of motivating factors, which include the Haida value of yahgudangang (‘to pay respect’ and ‘to be fit for respect’) and the agency of ancestors after death. Furthermore, it is argued that kinship is the predominant structure through which Haidas experience identity, history and memory. Repatriation is therefore approached as a collective space in which kinship and memories are created, as well as a collective space in which remembering occurs. In order to understand how the individual elements comprising the repatriation process reflect and foster the construction of kinship, the expectations and obligations that exist within matrilineages and between moieties are traced, as is their material manifestation in objects, as well as tangible and ephemeral property. The sharing of embodied experiences between generations as a consequence of Haidas’ participation in the process of repatriation is shown to augment collective memory and family histories. The ways in which repatriation is incorporated within individual and collective narratives are explored as a further means of understanding the dynamic between the production of kinship, memory and identity. Avenues for expanding the current findings on repatriation, the connections between memory and kinship, and Northwest Coast scholarship more generally are presented.
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Lavatai, Sanele Faasua [Verfasser]. "The Ifoga Ritual in Samoa in Anthropological and Biblical Perspectives / Sanele Faasua Lavatai ; Missionsakademie an der Universität Hamburg." Hamburg : Missionsakademie an der Universität Hamburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1160325529/34.
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Ho, Katty Pui-Kay. "Why is there a New-England culture? a look at the value systems and cultural origins of New Englanders from the histo-analytical, socio-anthropological, and socio-cognitive psychological perspectives /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2000. http://www.tren.com.
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Baki, Bali Timothée. "Εcοles bilingues en cοntexte plurilingue burkinabé et recherche terminοlοgique en mathématiques français/langues natiοnales : perspectives pédagοgique et lexicοgraphique." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC015/document.
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La présente étude a pour objectif de constituer un dossier terminologique en mathématiques dans la perspective d’une éducation bilingue français/lyèlé. Cela intervient dans un contexte où les enseignants du primaire en zone lyèléphone ont des difficultés pour ce qui concerne l’usage d’un langage approprié pour la transmission des connaissances mathématiques. La recherche se situe au carrefour de deux domaines différents : la sociolinguistique et la terminologie. Si sur le plan sociolinguistique, l’analyse a porté sur les représentations des enseignants au sujet des langues d’enseignement et des pratiques pédagogiques, la terminologie se pose ici comme un secteur plus pratique dans la mesure où le chercheur se voit appeler dans une action de recherche intervention. Pour ce qui est de la méthodologie utilisée, nous avons dans un premier temps recueilli les opinions des acteurs sur la question de l’enseignement ; par ailleurs, la plus grande partie du travail a été menée en privilégiant la démarche socio-anthropologique. Dans une telle perspective, le chercheur en effet mobilise son expérience d’enseignant mais aussi construit le lexique de façon progressive durant ses voyages sur le terrain. Le traitement des données (termes) s’est fait selon une démarche terminologique privilégiant le choix des unités linguistiques relatives aux mathématiques de base : autour d’un terme dit vedette, l’on réunit les informations relatives à la prononciation, à la sémantique, à la lexicologie, etc. Les informations en français et en lyèlé sont fournies autour du terme-vedette. Enfin, la démarche utilisée débouche sur la constitution d’un lexique français/lyèlé ; le chercheur recommande l’idée de partir de ce travail comme modèle pour construire d’autres lexiques et curricula dans d’autres domaines et dans d’autres langues du Burkina FasoThis study aims at putting together a terminology case file in mathematics with a view to a French/Lyèlé bilingual education. This takes place in a context where elementary teachers in Lyèlé-speaking zones have difficulties identifying an appropriate language for the transmission of mathematical knowledge.This research is at the crossroads of two different domains: sociolinguistics and terminology. On the sociolinguistics front, the analysis focused on the representations of teachers on the topic of teaching languages and teaching practices. Terminology is a more practical field as the researcher is in an interventive research dynamic.Concerning the methodology employed, first we gathered the opinions of teachers regarding education; besides, most of the work was done following the socio-anthropological approach; in such a perspective, the researcher both mobilises his own teaching experience and progressively builds the glossary during his travels in the field.Treatment of the data (terms) was done following a terminological approach privileging the choice of linguistical units linked to basic mathematics: we compile the information relating to pronunciation, semantics, lexicology, etc., around a “star” term. The information in French and Lyèlé are supplied according to the star term.Finally, the approach used leads to the constitution of a French/Lyèlé lexicon; the researcher recommends using this study as a starting point to build other lexicons and curricula in other domains and in other Burkina Faso languages
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Spack, Tracey L. (Tracey Lee) Carleton University Dissertation Sociology and Anthropology. "Animal consciousness; a neuro-anthropological perspective." Ottawa, 1996.
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de, la Pezuela Gonzalo 1965. "Group lending microenterprise development programs: An anthropological perspective." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292055.
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With the backing of major donor agencies and non-governmental organizations, microenterprise development programs (MDPs) continue to proliferate throughout the world. These have the intention of harnessing the entrepreneurial skills which have been identified in the informal sector in order to improve standards of living. Making financial credit accessible is the primary method used by MDPs in order to reach their goals. From an anthropological perspective, this bid for social change raises issues concerning the suitability of a credit-centered mechanism that neglects the implications of social innovations which have endemically addressed the same issue of inaccessibility to capital resources. Most importantly, associational relationships which go beyond credit will determine the viability and appropriateness of such a program--especially when a group lending approach is used. Anthropologists can greatly enhance the effectiveness of MDPs by identifying the group dynamics of prospective program participants and by emphasizing a "people-centered" approach in general.
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Travis, Georgia-Rose. "An overview of sugar culture in Morocco, particularly within a Berber community in Rastabouda." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1448.
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Using an anthropological perspective and referring primarily to work by Sidney Mintz, Michel Foucault and Pierre Bourdieu this dissertation focuses on the cultural importance of sugar in rural Berber communities within the Rif region of North Africa. In particular, Mintz is referred to with regard to slavery, Bourdieu in relation to habitus and Foucault in relation to normalization of mass beliefs as well as to events occurring in Morocco which relate directly to power structures within society. As well as providing information about the cultural importance of sugar, an historical account of the development of the sugar industry in Morocco is provided. This includes subsequent economic effects both in Morocco and Europe, with details in relation to the development and decline of the sugar industry, the introduction of slavery to Morocco as well as worldwide economic influences. The latter also demonstrates that sugar has been attributed power which is exerted not only within Berber culture from birth to death, but has had an influence throughout social and economic history since the introduction of the Qu’ran to the present day. An argument is developed which suggests that the presence of apparent discrimination and inequalities have arisen partly from a pure desire for sugar. Some long lasting health and environmental effects of processing sugar are outlined and discussed in relation to the health of Rif Berber. This includes a general outline of societal inequalities between genders in health care, including diseases such as diabetes. Tuberculosis along with diabetes, are discussed in order to show that they are social markers which reinforce various power structures within Moroccan communities. The emergence of slavery, land use, and the effects of the rise and subsequent decline of the sugar industry in Morocco are covered. Examples are given of how power shifted from those initially in authority to individuals at local level who complied with certain social norms and beliefs. This closely relates to the importance of sugar in Morocco, its relevance as an introduced crop along with the subsequent social, national and international changes which occurred and to a large extent remain firmly in place today. The long-lasting environmental impacts of the sugar industry represent both direct and indirect power struggles which are unlikely to be remedied without international intervention.
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Ward, Kelly S. "Women, and health in rural India: an anthropological perspective." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1316525608.
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Gurczak, Adam Stanley, and Adam Stanley Gurczak. "An Anthropological Perspective on Eastern and Western Folk Music." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625002.
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As a performing artist, I felt that the study of world music was incomplete without an active understanding of the music through first-hand performance. As such, this paper was accompanied by a recital in which I, as a double-bassist, performed works from around the globe. In parallel to this thesis, the pieces originated from Argentina, Korea, and China—as well as others—while also including an original composition that incorporated influences of modern American bluegrass with contemporary classical music. The study of and preparation of these works consisted of research and practice of regional stylistic characteristics and their application to double bass performance.
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Davies, Janette. "Quality of life in a nursing home : an anthropological perspective." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274249.
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Wu, Ming-Kuo. "The Jataka tales of the Mogao Caves, China in anthropological perspective." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2008/m_wu_041808.pdf.
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Maritano, Laura. "Contesting 'racism' : everyday representations of migrants in Turin (Italy) : an anthropological perspective." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272045.
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Johansson, Göran. "More blessed to give : a Pentcostal mission to Bolivia in anthropological perspective /." Stockholm : Stockholm university, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374412688.
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Johansson, Göran. "More blessed to give : a Pentecostal mission to Bolivia in anthropological perspective." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Socialantropologiska institutionen, 1992. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-97519.
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Hadjipavlou, George Alexander. "Encounters with live blood analysis, an anthropological perspective on an alternative health practice." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51350.pdf.
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Karpatschof, Benny. "Human activity : contributions to the anthropological sciences from a perspective of activity theory /." Copenhagen : Dansk psykologisk forlag, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37716657t.
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Murphy, Mary Denise. "Living with asthma in Australia : an anthropological perspective on life with a chronic illness." University of Western Australia. School of Anatomy and Human Biology, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0070.
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[Truncated abstract] In Australia, asthma is a common chronic illness, which often requires complex treatment regimens. This study used an anthropological perspective to explore the experience of people living with asthma, with the specific aim of contributing to the health care programs offered to people living with asthma. The study was conducted in an Australian city (Perth, Western Australia). The foci of the study were Australian lay people, from the general community, living with asthma, and a small number of non- English speaking Vietnamese-Australian migrants. Some spouses of the Australians and biomedical practitioners were also included. Questionnaires, and particularly indepth interviews, were used to explore the explanatory models of asthma for doctors and lay people with the condition. The explanatory models of the doctors focused primarily on assessing and treating the physiological dimension of asthma, and educating patients. The explanatory models for lay people with asthma reflected their everyday reality: in addition to its impact on their physical health, asthma affected their daily life, social roles and participation, and their personal identity. Placing the experience of asthma in this wider perspective showed that the Australians used practical reasoning to make a trade-off between using medication, such that they felt safe from `attacks? and could `do all they wanted to do?, and minimising their `dependence? on potentially harmful medications. Responding to acute episodes involved a risk assessment in which people weighing the health risk of waiting against the social risk of seeking help unnecessarily. For the Vietnamese- Australians, caring for asthma was strongly shaped by their social position as non- English speaking migrants. They lacked access to information about asthma and to specialist care. They had sufficient medication, but were ill-informed about how to use their medicines effectively and safely: in general, the Vietnamese people were overmedicated but under-serviced in the care of their asthma. Beyond explanatory models, the Australian participants (lay people and doctors) shared a cultural model of asthma as a chronic illness. This Australian cultural model shaped the experience and care of asthma. It included concepts such as framing the past as an adjustment process, and the present as `living normally? with asthma. Taking care of asthma was expressed as `taking control? of asthma, so a person could minimise the illness and still be healthy. The Vietnamese-Australians did not share this cultural model of asthma as a chronic illness, as reflected in their expression of the hardship asthma created in limiting their ability to work hard for their family, and how they expected a cure for their condition from biomedicine. The Australians also shared a cultural model of health that was derived, in part, from the health promotion messages that are targeted at lay people. These promotional messages were the basis of a morality in health: people shared an implicit understanding that a person deserved health, and assistance when ill, when he/she displayed the required self-discipline in performing health behaviours.
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Steward, J'Val K. "Re-touring Guatemala, a novel way of picturing tourism and tourists from an anthropological perspective." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ34915.pdf.
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Randall, Theodore W. "Chemical dependency etiology and treatment among African-American males : a critical clinically applied anthropological perspective." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1020180.
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Chemical dependency as it pertains to African-American males is examined through the theoretical perspectives of critical medical anthropology and clinically applied anthropology, the synthesis of the two referred to as critical clinically applied anthropology. The major etiological models and theories of chemical dependency are reviewed as are the contemporary chemical dependency treatment services.The critical clinically applied anthropological perspective examines chemical dependency and its treatment at four levels: 1) the macrosocial, 2) intermediate, 3) the microsocial, and 4) the individual. Additional variables concerning chemical dependency such as societal or large scale, institutional, local/environmental, organizational, and small scale factors are addressed as well. The above levels of analysis and independent variables indicate that racism, in the form of economic, political, and cultural oppression is a significant etiological factor concerning AfricanAmerican male chemical dependency. It is suggested that in order to provide more effective chemical dependency treatment, racial oppression must be addressed in the treatment setting.Department of Anthropology
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Robinson, Peter J. A. "Baptism in ritual perspective : myth, symbol and metaphor as anthropological foundations for a baptismal theology." Thesis, Durham University, 1997. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5060/.
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This thesis argues that Christian baptism is most profitably understood from the perspective of anthropological studies of ritual, A dialogue with its categories establishes that baptismal theology has often implicitly assumed social anthropology's findings on ritual in general. It also suggests that the primary ritual categories of myth, symbol and metaphor are foundational to baptism's theological development. The anthropology of myth is deployed to locate the narrative basis for baptism. The proposal is made that the story of Jesus' Baptism, which is understood as the revelation of the eschatological new creation, provides baptismal ritual with its imitative source and legitimates its symbols and metaphors. An analysis of iconography is an important part of this justification. This proposal is developed by exploring the properties of baptismal symbols. The concepts of symbolic elusiveness, deep structure and natural symbolism are exploited to give an account of symbols based on water and oil. The sensual experience of olfaction and the flow of human blood are found to be important interpretative concepts which lead naturally to a consideration of the corporeality of baptismal symbolism. Recognising that symbols promote a shared ritual experience, the properties of ritual metaphors are then considered as the primary means for facilitating a baptismal identity. Criteria for an evaluation of the three major metaphors - birth, death and washing - are derived from anthropology and applied. It is concluded that the metaphor of childbirth has a strong claim to be regarded as the appropriate primary metaphor for organising baptism's ritual context. Baptism thus understood offers fresh contours for baptismal theology today and overcomes some of the difficulties presented by more traditional methodologies. Especially, it allows contemporary concerns about baptism to be effectively addressed. Among these are questions about the intelligibility of its liturgical symbols and the relationships between its key metaphors.
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Czeglédy, Andre Paul. "Privatization from an anthropological perspective : the case of an international joint venture community in Hungary." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627624.
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Artstein, Melissa Yumi. "The construction of well-being and social capital among Nicaraguans in Costa Rica an anthropological perspective /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2009/m_artstein_042409.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in anthropology)--Washington State University, May 2009.Title from PDF title page (viewed on May 26, 2009). "Department of Anthropology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-129).
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Johnstone, Bryan Miles. "ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT FOR STUDIES OF DIET AND DISEASE: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE (VALIDITY, ARIZONA, ELDERLY)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282089.
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This study profiles the usual dietary habits of independent-living elderly from alternative methodological perspectives. The primary objective was to validate a comprehensive dietary questionnaire developed for use in epidemiology against the results of household refuse analysis, an independent, continuous measure of dietary behavior. Members of 44 one-and two-person households residing in a retirement community in southern Arizona completed a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Subsequently, all refuse discarded by participating households during the following six weeks was collected and recorded by researchers. During the final week, respondents completed a recall questionnaire asking them to report their dietary habits during the study period. Analysis compared the results of survey and material measures of monthly household consumption at the levels of total intake, food group, and food item. Primary indices of agreement or association between measures included tests of mean difference, correlation coefficients, and percentage of subjects misclassified in tertile comparisons. Agreement between the results of measures was very good, with significant exceptions. Survey and refuse estimates of mean monthly quantity of total intake differed by less than one percent. Significant differences between mean estimates of consumption produced by each measure were found for three of 10 food group categories, and 19 of 73 food items compared. The correlation coefficient for comparisons between survey and refuse estimates of total intake was .72, and positive associations were also evident for the large majority of other items examined. Fifty-seven percent of subjects were classified into equivalent tertiles by both survey and refuse estimates of total intake. Percentages classified into equivalent tertiles in food group comparisons ranged from 48 to 70 percent. Potential effects of sources of error in refuse were also examined. Significant differences between results of the measures clustered among food items commonly associated with health risk or benefit, or items which serve as accessory elements in meals. These results suggest that, although brief food frequency questionnaires can provide valid estimates of usual diet for the majority of food categories, social desirability response effects may significantly affect reported consumption of some items.
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Langrick, Helena. "An anthropological perspective on the role of Chinese trade ceramics in the prehistory of a Philippine culture." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25453.
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This study presents an analysis of Chinese trade ceramic data from a stratified burial site in the Philippines representing two main proto-historic periods in the 12th and 14th centuries A.D. An ethnographic model constructed from ethno-historical data is used to generate hypotheses which are evaluated by means of quantitative analyses designed to test for social complexity in each period. The results of analyses are then assessed in terms of symbolic patterns derived from the ethnographic model. The research framework includes the construction of a methodological structure designed to incorporate both processual and symbolic approaches to archaeological analysis.
The Pila cultural system is treated as an open, non-homeostatic system incorporating tangible and intangible elements, some aspects of which are not amenable to exact definition or measurement. Major areas of focus include the trade sub-system, the social sub-system and the ritual subsystem.
Hypotheses test for social differentiation in terms of wealth, descent, social roles, and specialization of function; for hierarchy and centralization in terms of corporate control; for symbolic content of artifacts and ritual patterns; and for culture change in terms of increased social complexity in the later period. Analyses involve the evaluation of quantitative differences in amount of goods; patterns of spatial distribution throughout the site and within individual burials; and comparisons of burial treatment between individuals and between sub-groups.
Major areas of theoretical concern include the question of status differentiation in prehistory, and the extent to which inferences can be made from mortuary patterns; the relationship between material culture, social organization and ideology; and the effects of prolonged long-distance trade on the internal complexity of a cultural group. I conclude that in Pila, mortuary patterns represent an accurate reflection of socio-cultural patterns in general. The results of the analyses support the applicability of the ethnographic model of Pila as an egalitarian society with a prominent ideological component in which Chinese ceramics played an important role. I conclude that a recursive relationship is seen to exist between material culture, social organization and ideology. In particular, that the physical characteristics of Chinese ceramics, characterized by durability, resonance, impermeability and light-reflecting glazes, caused them to become closely identified with all aspects of ritual, and to reinforce the ideological patterns of Pila. These ideological patterns include a belief in powerful ancestor and nature spirits which control all aspects of life and death. Associated with this are petitionary rituals of every kind, conducted mainly within the family circle in a one-to-one relationship with the spirits, and involving the use of Chinese ceramics as important ritual objects. The mortuary data also indicates that culture change, characterized by a slight general increase in social complexity, occurred between the earlier and later cultural periods. This increase in social complexity appears to be associated with the long-standing trading contacts with China, in terms of economic impact as well as diffusion of certain cultural elements.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
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Oliveira, Stephan Malta. "Uma perspectiva multinível e plural em psiquiatria: a esquizofrenia como exemplar." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7220.
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Assim como a medicina, a psiquiatria não consiste em uma disciplina teórica, mas sim, em uma práxis, um projeto teórico que somente se justifica pelo projeto prático. Trata-se, portanto, de um campo de intervenção. A psiquiatria utiliza diversas abordagens teóricas e científicas com uma finalidade prática. O objeto de estudo do campo, entretanto, não se confunde com o objeto destas abordagens. O objeto da psiquiatria pode ser definido em vertentes reducionistas e não-reducionistas. No contexto atual, há uma tendência a uma polarização. Por um lado, o objeto da psiquiatria é concebido como o objeto das demais especialidades médicas, enquanto doença mental, localizado no cérebro e resultando em práticas que privilegiam as abordagens biológicas. Por outro, em vertentes mais amplas de definição, ele consiste no sofrimento psíquico e social ou em disfunções internas socialmente inapropriadas, o que envolve múltiplos níveis e dimensões biológico, fenomenológico, cultural. Esta concepção do objeto da psiquiatria demanda uma multiplicidade e pluralidade de abordagens tanto no plano teórico quanto no plano prático. A presente tese afirma que uma perspectiva multinível e plural é imperiosa à práxis psiquiátrica. A tese está dividida em duas partes. Na primeira, realiza-se uma discussão filosófica na psiquiatria, mediante o método da investigação conceitual, visando um refinamento teórico do campo, que tende a gerar práticas mais efetivas. Três problemas filosóficos que perpassam a psiquiatria são discutidos: a distinção explicação-compreensão; o problema mente-cérebro e a distinção fato-valor. Aponta-se uma solução pragmatista para cada um destes problemas. Na segunda parte, realiza-se um estudo de caso com o exemplar esquizofrenia, analisando os múltiplos níveis do fenômeno mediante a apresentação das abordagens biológicas, fenomenológicas e antropológicas da esquizofrenia na contemporaneidade, enfocando, respectivamente, as hipóteses neurodesenvolvimentais, as alterações na consciência pré-reflexiva de si e as concepções do fenômeno em contextos não-ocidentais. A esquizofrenia corresponde a uma categoria de alta validade, tendo uma importante participação de fatores genético-biológicos. Ainda assim, o modelo biomédico se mostra insuficiente para dar conta da complexidade da experiência do adoecimento nesta condição. Portanto, uma perspectiva multinível e plural se faz mandatória. E se esta perspectiva se aplica à esquizofrenia, aplicar-se-á também a todos os transtornos mentais, com importantes implicações para a práxis psiquiátrica, seja no âmbito da teoria e pesquisa, seja no âmbito da clínica e da elaboração de políticas públicas de saúde mental, ajustando-se melhor, por exemplo, aos propósitos do Global Mental Health.Just as medicine, psychiatry does not consist in a theoretical discipline, but in praxis, a theoretical project that is only justified by practical project. Therefore, it is a field of intervention. Psychiatry uses various theoretical and scientific approaches with a practical purpose. However, the subject of this field cannot to be confused with the subject of these approaches. The subject of psychiatry can be defined in reductionist and non-reductionist strands. In the current context, there is a tendency to polarization. On the one hand, the subject of psychiatry is conceived as the subject of other medical specialities, as a mental disease, located in the brain and resulting in practices that favor biological approaches. On the other hand, in broader strands of definition, it consists on psychic and social suffering or socially inappropriate internal dysfunctions, which involves multiple levels and dimensions - biological, phenomenological, cultural. This conception of the subject of psychiatry demands a multiplicity and plurality of approaches in both theoretical and practical plans. This thesis affirms that a multilevel and plural perspective is imperative to psychiatric praxis. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, there is a philosophical discussion in psychiatry, by the method of conceptual investigation, aiming a theoretical refinement of the field, which tends to generate more effective practices. Three philosophical problems that pass through psychiatry are discussed: the explanation-understanding distinction, the mind-brain problem and the fact-value distinction. A pragmatist solution for each of these problems is pointed. In the second part, there is a case study of schizophrenia as exemplar, analyzing the multiple levels of the phenomenon upon presentation of biological, phenomenological and anthropological approaches to schizophrenia in contemporary times. This case study is focusing on neurodevelopmental hypothesis, changes in pre-reflective self-consciousness and conceptions of the phenomenon in non-Western contexts, respectively. Schizophrenia represents a category of high validity, with an important contribution of genetic-biological factors. Still, the biomedical model is insufficient to account for the complexity of the experience of suffering this condition. Therefore, a multilevel and plural perspective becomes mandatory. And if this perspective applies to schizophrenia, also will apply to all mental disorders, with important implications for psychiatric praxis, either within the theory and research, either within the clinical and mental health policy development, adjusting better, for example, to the purposes of the Global Mental Health.
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Williams, Christa A. "A family's deadly sin : fatal child abuse in Florida, an anthropological perspective on child deaths due to abuse and neglect." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001756.
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Jonker, Ingrid. "A study of how a sangoma makes sense of her sangomahood through narrative." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07212008-082041/.
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Tang, Minh Dung. "Une étude didactique des praxéologies de la représentation en perspective dans la géométrie de l'espace, en France et au Viêt-Nam." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM033/document.
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La représentation en perspective s'appuie sur plusieurs choix pour l'enseignement : mode de représentation, code d'écriture et de lecture pour combler la perte d'information dans le passage de trois dimensions à deux dimensions, approche pour enseigner le passage d'un objet géométrique de l'espace à un dessin. Notre étude questionne ces choix dans les deux systèmes éducatifs français et vietnamien et leurs effets sur l'apprentissage des élèves. En nous plaçant dans le cadre de la Théorie anthropologique du didactique, nous avons étudié les rapports institutionnel et personnel d'élèves français et vietnamien à l'objet « représentation en perspective ».Pour le premier (rapport institutionnel), nous avons caractérisé les modes de représentation et leurs approches mathématiques, puis nous avons élaboré les praxéologies de références relatives à l'objet « représentation en perspective ». Les technologies et théories de ces praxéologies s'appuient sur les règles de représentation du dessin en perspective (règles de conservation et de non conservation, règles de la troisième dimension, règles pour un dessin « bien informé ») que nous avons explicitées. Ensuite, nous avons utilisé ce modèle de référence pour l'analyse des programmes et des manuels ce qui nous a permis de mettre en évidence les points spécifiques de l'enseignement de la représentation en perspective en France et au Viêt-Nam. Enfin, nous avons formulé des hypothèses sur les règles implicites du contrat didactique, en tant que constituants des technologies des praxéologies personnelles de la représentation en perspective. Ces règles portent sur la troisième dimension et sont spécifiques à certains solides.Pour le deuxième (rapport personnel), nous avons fait passer aux élèves un questionnaire sur un type de tâches concernant la lecture d'un dessin. Ce questionnaire permet de mettre à l'épreuve les hypothèses précédentes et de mettre en lumière les praxéologies personnelles du passage d'un objet géométrique de l'espace à un dessin (technologie/théorie personnelle)Perspective representation is based on several choices for teaching: mode of representation, code writing and reading to fill the information loss in the passage of three-dimensional object to two-dimensional object, approach to teaching the passage of a geometry object in space to a drawing. Our study poses questions for the choices in French and Vietnamese educational systems and their effects on student studying. By using the anthropological theory of didactics, we studied the institutional relation and personal relation of French and Vietnamese students for "perspective representation" object. For the first objective (institutional relation), we characterized the modes of representation and approaches mathematics, then we established the praxeologies of reference on the "perspective representation" object. The technologies and theories of the praxeologies are based on perspective representation's rules of drawings (rules of conservation and non-conservation, rules of the third dimension, rules for a "well informed" drawing) that we explicited. By applying the model of reference to analyze the programs and textbooks, we clarified the specific points of teaching the perspective representation in France and Vietnam. Finally, we established hypotheses about the implicit rules of the didactic contract, as the constituents of technologies of personal praxeologies, of perspective representation. These rules are based on the third dimension and specific to certain solids. For the second objective (personal relation), we designed a questionnaire for the students on a task type so-called reading a drawing. The questionnaire is used to check the mentioned hypotheses and to clarify the personal praxeologies of the passage from a geometric object in space to a drawing (personal technology / theory)
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Hübner, Janaina. "Pré-adolescência contemporânea: novos desafios e perspectivas para a educação cristã contínua." Faculdades EST, 2012. http://tede.est.edu.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=370.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA dissertação busca investigar e propor alternativas para a ação pedagógico-didática da educação cristã comunitária junto ao público pré-adolescente, inserido em um contexto urbano contemporâneo que frequenta uma comunidade da Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil - IECLB. A investigação se utiliza de pesquisa bibliográfica teórica em diálogo com a pesquisa de campo, através de um estudo de caso único, tendo como instrumento a elaboração e aplicação de um questionário ao grupo de pré-adolescentes que frequentou o ensino confirmatório em uma comunidade da IECLB em Novo Hamburgo/RS. A pesquisa inicia com uma investigação bibliográfica sobre o desenvolvimento histórico-eclesiástico da compreensão e das expectativas sobre o ensino confirmatório. Efetua também neste primeiro momento uma pesquisa sobre o desenvolvimento histórico-social do conceito pré-adolescência e de suas influências sobre o sujeito relacionando com as expectativas histórico-eclesiásticas. No segundo momento parte-se para a pesquisa teórica em torno de três filósofos que discutem as características da sociedade ocidental contemporânea, buscando definir o termo mais apropriado para denominarmos a mesma: Jean François Lyotard (pós-modernidade), Gilles Lipovtsky e Sabastién Charles (hipermodernidade). No terceiro momento a pesquisa busca fazer uma análise do conceito fé antropológica, a partir dos teólogos Paul Tillich, Juan Luis Segundo e James Fowler, dando ênfase para a dinâmica da fé na fase da pré-adolescência. No quarto e último momento da pesquisa apresenta-se a proposta de Fernando Hernández e Monserrat Ventura sobre os projetos de trabalho para a educação em diálogo com Plano de Educação Cristã Contínua da IECLB, levando em consideração a análise e as alternativas pedagógico-didáticas resultantes da investigação nos três momentos anteriores da pesquisa. A pesquisa conclui que uma educação cristã comunitária orientada metodologicamente por projetos de trabalho pode proporcionar ao público pré-adolescente através das narrativas religiosas e pessoais, da pesquisa e do diálogo experiência participativa e protagonismo, fornecendo apoio e incentivo à construção da identidade no ambiente comunitário religioso, apesar das incertezas crescentes da sociedade ocidental contemporânea.
The thesis aims to investigate and propose alternatives to the pedagogical and didactic action of the communitarian Christian education with pre-adolescents living in a contemporary urban context and attending a congregation of the Evangelical Church of Lutheran Confession in Brazil - IECLB. The investigation makes use of theoretical literature in dialogue with the field research through a single case study; and its tool of elaboration and application consisted of a questionnaire applied to a group of pre-adolescents who attended confirmation classes at a congregation of the IECLB in Novo Hamburgo-RS. The research begins with a bibliographical study on the historical and ecclesiastic development about the comprehension and expectations concerning confirmation classes. In the first part it also presents a survey about the historical and social development of the concept pre-adolescence and its influences on the person in relation to the historical and ecclesiastical expectations. In the second part, a theoretical research is carried out based on three philosophers who discuss the characteristics of contemporary Western society, seeking to define the most appropriate term to describe it: Jean François Lyotard (postmodernism), and Gilles Lipovtsky, Sabastién Charles (hyper modernism). In the third part the research aims to analyze the concept anthropological faith, based on the theologians Paul Tillich, Juan Luis Segundo and James Fowler, emphasizing the dynamics of faith in the pre-adolescence. In the fourth and last part of the study we present Fernando Hernández and Montserrat Ventura proposal about the projects for education in dialogue with the Continuous Christian Education Plan of the IECLB, taking into account the analysis and the pedagogical and didactic alternatives which arose from the three previous parts of the research. The study concludes that a communitarian Christian education which is methodologically oriented by projects can provide the pre-adolescents - through religious and personal narratives, research and dialogue with participative experience and leadership, providing support and encouragement to build identity in the religious and communitarian environment, despite the increasing uncertainty of contemporary Western society.
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Eckeskog, Hanna. "Are we together? : A study about the integration of Art and Music within the education in Zambia." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för utbildningsvetenskap med inriktning mot tekniska, estetiska och praktiska kunskapstraditioner, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-40899.
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The research had an anthropological perspective, regarding the integration of Art and Music in Zambia. By using qualitative interviews and participating observations I collected information about how some teachers in Zambia reflect about the integration of Art and Music. Through the theoretical framework I analyzed the results. The results demonstrated how the teachers were responding due to the curriculum and teacher’s guide but acting differently through the observations. The teacher’s role in Zambia is affected by the social status and of certain rules one must follow in order to behave correctly. Music and Dance are used as a result of their culture according to the teachers. The lack of financial resources seems to be one issue that explains why Arts education in form of creative material is not being used.Minor Field Study
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Bueno, Juliana Pavani de Paula. "Objetos que ensinam em museus: análise do diorama do Museu de Zoologia da USP na perspectiva da praxeologia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/81/81133/tde-14012016-112816/.
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Mudanças na economia, na sociedade e no mundo do trabalho deram grande destaque à educação não formal ao longo da segunda metade do século XX, gerando maior valorização dos processos de aprendizagem que se preocupam em aproximar a ciência, a tecnologia, a sociedade e o ambiente. Nesse cenário, uma das questões e desafios que se revelam está em torno do como realizar a socialização do conhecimento científico. De acordo com Marandino (2004), a transformação do conhecimento científico, com fins de ensino e divulgação, pode ser analisada no intuito de compreender a produção de novos saberes nesses processos. Nesse sentido, encontramos na Teoria Antropológica do Didático (TAD), proposta por Chevallard (1991), o referencial teórico que permitiu identificar quais saberes são produzidos pelo museu, por meio de suas ações educativas, e que podem ou não ser observados pelo visitante, por meio de uma Organização Praxeológica (OP). Atualmente, vários meios museográficos são usados na preparação de exposições de museus de ciências e, entre eles, destacam-se os dioramas. O entendimento dos dioramas como objetos didáticos, produzidos com a finalidade de ensino e aprendizagem, implica estudá-los numa perspectiva praxeológica, pois permite visualizar a articulação entre a dimensão prática e a teórica do objeto que está sendo analisado. O estudo da praxeologia em museus foi recentemente desenvolvido e busca, entre outros aspectos, analisar como revelar determinados conhecimentos e objetivos em um espaço, de forma inteligível para diferentes tipos de público. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar como os museus ensinam por meio de exposições, em especial, pelo diorama \"Floresta Amazônica\", presente na exposição do Museu de Zoologia da USP. A metodologia desenvolvida incluiu a elaboração de um quadro praxeológico a partir dos dados obtidos por três instrumentos de coleta: documentos sobre a exposição e sobre o diorama; entrevistas com os designers e/ou os responsáveis pela exposição; e por meio da descrição e da observação do diorama. A análise qualitativa dos dados permitiu identificar a teoria e a tecnologia do diorama no contexto de sua exposição e, também, as tarefas e as técnicas propostas. Os resultados obtidos ajudaram a identificar o potencial educativo do diorama e serviram como proposta para desenvolver processos de produção de exposições em museus de ciências.Changes in the economy, in the society and in the world of work gave great prominence to non-formal education, during the second half of the twentieth century, generating greater appreciation of learning processes, which are concerned to approach the relationship among science, technology, society and environment. In this scenario, one of the issues and challenges that unfold, is around how to perform the socialization of scientific knowledge. According to Marandino (2004), the transformation of scientific knowledge for purposes of education and dissemination, can be analyzed in order to understand the production of new knowledge in these processes. Accordingly, we find in Anthropological Theory of the Didactic (TAD), proposed by Chevallard (1991), the theoretical framework that will identify which knowledge is produced by the museum, through its educational activities, and that they can or can not be observed by the visitor, through a praxeological Organization (OP). Nowadays, several museographic means are used in the preparation of exhibitions, in science museum, and among these, we highlight the dioramas. The understanding of dioramas as didactic objects produced for the purpose of teaching and learning, involves studying them in a praxeological perspective, because it allows to visualize the relationship between the theoretical and the practical dimension of the object being analyzed. The study of praxeology in Museums has been recently developed and it seeks, among other things, to examine how to expose certain knowledge and objectives in a space, in intelligible form for different types of public.The objective of this work was to investigate how museums teach through exhibitions, especially the diorama \"Amazon Forest\" present at the exhibition of the USP Zoology Museum. The methodology included the development of a praxeological framework from the data obtained by three collection tools: documents about the exhibitions and the diorama; interviews with the designers and/or responsible for the exhibition; description and observation of the diorama.The qualitative analysis identified the theory and technology in the context of his exhibition and also the tasks and technical proposed for the diorama.The results allowed us to identify the educational potential of the diorama and they served as a proposal to the development of processes for producing exhibitions in science museums.
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Abba, JoeBarth Chiemeka. "Special pastoral formation for youths in Africa in the 21st century the Nigerian perspective ; with extra focus on the socio-anthropological, ethical, theological, psychological and societal problems of today's youngsters." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2005. http://d-nb.info/993472052/04.
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Ahlbrecht, John James. "College Student Rankings of Multiple Speakers in a Public Speaking Context: a Language Attitudes Study on Japanese-accented English with a World Englishes Perspective." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4334.
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This language attitudes study used a matched guise technique to compare participant reactions of American-accented English to Japanese-accented English. Participants (n = 40) were college educated adults living in the Portland area who completed an online survey which measured characteristics related to Status, Solidarity, and Dynamism using semantic differential Likert scales. Results showed that while Japanese-accented English received less favorable ratings on the Status and Solidarity dimensions on a statistically significant level, the small effect size may have indicated that the differences were negligible. Interpreting the results from the data through the World Englishes Kachruvian paradigm, it is argued that English learners and users would benefit by focusing more on achieving intelligibility than on attaining perfect control of an idealized variety of English.
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Ligopi, Linzuwa Zephyrin. "La lutte contre la pauvreté comme une quête de sens : une perspective d’éthique théologique à partir de la situation de la République démocratique du Congo : 2001-2011." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAK017.
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En 2001, la République Démocratique du Congo s’est vigoureusement engagée avec le soutien de diverses organisations internationales pour réduire la pauvreté à partir de la stratégie de croissance. Dix ans plus tard, ce pays pointait à la dernière place du classement réalisé par le Programme des Nations unies pour le développement (PNUD) en fonction de l’indice du développement humain (IDH) des pays. En marge, ont émergé et se sont développées de multiples initiatives locales fondées sur des stratégies relationnelles et dont certaines sont présentées dans ce travail. Alors que la stratégie officielle contre la pauvreté a échoué, la société a survécu et évolue. En partant de ce constat, cette étude découvre que les approches conceptuelles et les solutions à la base de la lutte contre la pauvreté sont souvent réductrices. Elles se doublent malheureusement souvent d’une certaine tendance à oublier que toute pauvreté n’est pas qu’à combattre : la pauvreté anthropologique – qui est celle de notre condition fragile – est souvent oubliée, la pauvreté volontaire est reléguée au second rang. Finalement, cette étude montre qu’il ne faut pas trop simplifier le problème de la pauvreté afin de redonner du sens aux actions entreprises pour la combattre, et ainsi étendre la portée de ces actions. Cette question du sens est un élément décisif pour bien appréhender la lutte contre la pauvreté : avoir une vision réductrice d’une action revient à en diminuer considérablement la portée. La lutte contre la pauvreté aujourd’hui doit pouvoir redonner du sens à la vie en ayant une vision intégrale de l’existence humaine, intimement liée à l’anthropologie que présente le message chrétienIn 2001, The Democratic Republic of Congo strongly committed itself, with the support of diverse international organizations, to reduce poverty based on the economic growth strategy. Ten years later the nation found itself at the bottom of the countries produced classification by The United Nations Development Program of the Human Development Index (HDI). Besides that program, several local initiatives have come out and developed, based on relational strategies, some of which are presented in this work. While the official strategy against poverty has failed, the society has survived and progressed. Based on this statement, this study discovers that the conceptual approaches and solutions at the base of the fight against poverty often are constricting. Unfortunately, these restrictive attitudes multiply themselves with some tendencies which tend to forget that all kind of poverty isn’t to be fought : the anthropological poverty – which is that of our fragile condition – is often omitted and voluntary poverty is often relegated to the second place. Finally, this study shows that the poverty problem should not be simplified with the intention of giving sense to the actions adopted to fight it, and in this way extend the scope of these actions. This question of sense is decisive in viewing the fight against poverty : a simplistic vision of an action, means, indeed, a considerable reduction of its scope. Today, the fight against poverty should be capable of giving sense to life incorporating an integral vision of the human existence, intimately related to the anthropology presented by the Christian message
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McMasters, Stephen. "Medical Music: Anthropological Perspectives on Music Therapy." 2015. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/anthro_theses/103.
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Music-based healing is utilized as a healing tool in many cultural contexts around the world. This thesis examines the cultural practice of music therapy in the context of the larger discipline of medicine in the United States through an ethnographic study of music therapists in the Greater Atlanta area. It contextualizes this data with research in medical ethnomusicology that explores cross-cultural traditions of music in healing rituals. It also connects music therapy to the observation that forces of globalization are strongly correlated with an increase in rates of inequality, poverty, stress, and disease. This thesis discusses how Atlanta-area music therapists use music healing with patients suffering from physical and mental disease and how economic stratification impacts access to music therapy. It is concerned with deeper and not immediately evident processes taking place in music therapy, such as the role of music as a medium and facilitator in healing.
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Wang, Chih-Hsu, and 王志旭. "Some Problems Concerning the Revival of Indigenous Names among the Taiwanese Aborigines: Historical, Sociopolitical, Anthropological and Semiotic Perspectives." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77816142008771078139.
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碩士輔仁大學
語言學研究所
96
The thesis acquires the linguistic view of Semiotics to investigate the revival of Indigenous names in the Indigenous Movement, finds out the difficulties they have encountered through the revival and finally aims to explain. The Swiss scholar, Ferdinand de Saussure, assumes that language is a system to express ideas and make up a set of concepts of semiotics. We can conceive of a science which studies the role of signs as part of social life where signs consists of signifier and signified. That is, signs are the combination of sound patterns and concepts. Semiology or Semiotics is created by Ferdinand de Saussure with the Greek word, semeion. The thesis adapts the semiotic view to investigate a series of documentary films of revival Indigenous names: “What’s your family name?”, “The Expanding and Shrinking Names”, “Not willing to have the same family name—when Oemor meets Teiluj”, and “Daodaowalai—the Surname besides Hundred Family Surnames” directed by the Pangcah director Mayaw Biho and the 101 episode“ Assign tribe name with romanization?”of Tribe: Face to Face which is made by Public Television Service. The result reveals that we can use semiotics to explain the problem of using Chinese words to represent the indigenous names. Chinese words and indigenous names belong to different systems: one represents ideas and the other one represents sounds. Therefore, it is impossible to represent them vice versa. As Ferdinand de Saussure says a nation’s way of life has an effect upon its language. At the same time, it is in great part the language which makes the nation. So the government in Taiwan should let aboriginal people use Romanization to revive their indigenous name and have them use their real names to recover their own culture.
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Hartzell, Lea Claire. "Ethics in documentary filmmaking : an anthropological perspective." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/14094.
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Making a documentary film that features human beings as subjects requires extensive thought about the potential impact on the actual lives of people. Similarly, the pursuit of anthropological knowledge via social science research also affects individuals and communities. Along with this awesome power that documentary filmmaking and anthropological research have to change peoples' lives, comes a heavy responsibility to use this power in an ethical way. By examining the cross-sections between documentary filmmaking and anthropological research, I have found several intersections of ethical considerations that seem pertinent to both fields. The main ethical considerations I have found to be common to both documentary filmmaking and anthropology can be classified into four major categories. They are (1) the intention of the filmmaker/researcher, (2) the filmmaker/researcher's relationship with her subjects, (3) the various responsibilities of the filmmaker/researcher, and (4) how the filmmaker/researcher presents herself, her work, and the subjects to an audience. In the first part of this thesis, I provide a review of some of the recent literature from anthropology and visual communication to establish a theoretical background based in visual anthropology. In the second part, I apply the discussed theoretical concerns to practical examples of ethical questions that specific documentary filmmakers have faced. The particular instances that I draw upon come from a recent public forum and panel debate on the topic of "Ethics in Documentary Filmmaking" held in Vancouver B.C. on March 26,2002, sponsored by the Canadian Independent Film Caucus (CIFC). The three filmmakers from the panel that I discuss are Nettie Wild, Mark Achbar, and David Paperny. In the name of reflexivity, I also include a short discussion of some ethical concerns relating to my own documentary videos. I conclude this thesis with a summary discussion of ethics in documentary filmmaking. Perhaps as long as a filmmaker or researcher thinks about the ethics of her actions while she is carrying out her project, she is acting in an ethical way. Thoughtfulness and reflection bring about conscious actions, whereas the act of following strict guidelines often leads to robotic, mindless behaviour. Ultimately, it is the filmmaker who must consider each ethical issue individually and make decisions based on the specific circumstances of her project.
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Hays, W. Morgan. "Florida's clandestine graves an anthropological perspective of the dead /." 2008. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04022008-085128/.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2008.Advisor: Glen H. Doran, Florida State University, College or Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Anthropology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 25, 2008). Document formatted into pages; contains viii, [63] pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Škraban, Juš. "Living after the first psychotic episode: an anthropological perspective." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/81912.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psiquiatria Social e Cultural apresentada à Faculdade de MedicinaA tese começa com uma introdução temática e teórica onde são abordadas várias disciplinas académicas e movimentos de utentes que exploram o sentido da psicose. Alem disso, a introdução inclui um panorama da discussão antropógica sobre experiência e narrativa, que são dois conceitos através dos quais o material etnográfico é analisado.O segundo capítulo baseia-se no material etnográfico sobre psicose e recuperação, enfatizando aspetos intersubjetivos. Primordialmente, é analisado como os sujeitos constroem sentido do primeiro surto psicótico. O modelo biomédico com que se confronta o Paulo durante o internamento, não parece fazer-lhe grande sentido. Ao mesmo tempo, a narrativa do Paulo não é incluida nas narrativas psiquiátricas. Neste caso, analisamos o surto do Paulo como uma auto-narrativa que mostra participação ativa por parte do mesmo, o que não lhe foi possível mostrar no mundo de relações interpessoais. Por outro lado, a Sofia adota a terminologia médica mas ao mesmo tempo constroi uma narrativa etiológica própria. Como causas principais do primeiro surto psicótico, identifica a sua solidão e isolamento social na própria vida antes do surto. O Mário, por sua vez, explica etiologicamente o surto como um efeito do consumo de drogas (e o mesmo como uma estratégia de viver no mundo das relações interpessoais).Em segundo lugar, baseiando-se no trabalho etnográfico, experiências subjetivas de psicose são analisadas. No caso do Paulo, como se verifica diversas vezes, as suas experiências de psicose deixaram-no temporáriamente incapaz de se involver no mundo intersubjetivo. Do ponto de vista narrativo, encontrou-se incapaz de performar a sua própria estória. A Sofia descreve as suas experiências psicóticas como experiências de sentido elevado – o seu isolamento social fez com que visse conexões no mundo que antes não via. O surto dela interpreta-se ter como a sua tentativa, mesmo que idiosincrática, de comunicar com o mundo fora. Da mesma maneira, o Mário não conseguia construir sentido no mundo interpessoal, por isso encontrou refúgio no seu mundo psicótico durante o surto.Em terceiro lugar, experiências do internamento são analisadas. Elas são, nos casos etnográficos apresentados, ambivalentes. O Paulo descreveu a sua fase de internamento como “levantar-se do poço”. O internamento deu-lhe uma certa estrutura na vida quotidiana que antes e depois da estadia no hospital não encontrou. E, se por um lado não se identificava com o modelo biomédico – o que tornou a fase de internamento mais difícil e o levou a não querer estar lá – por outro receava a vida na comunidade. A Sofia lembra-se do internamento principalmente em termos negativos pela alteração grave que o internamento significou nas suas rotinas quotidianas. Simultâneamente, o internamento deu-lhe um certo sentido de segurança, algo que lhe estava a faltar principalmente durante o surto. O Mário, por sua vez, experienciou a estadia no hospital principalmente como uma viagem solitária em que conseguiu repensar e reestruturar o sentido da própria vida.O capítudo conclui-se com a exploração da experiência intersubjetiva da vida quotidiana após o primeiro surto psicótico. O caso do Paulo revela a dinámica da transição entre o internamento e vida na comunidade. A transição, que para ele se revela confusa e disturbadora, é estruturada pelas narrativas interpessoais que foi tendo ao longo da última semana do internamento. O caso da Sofia mostra a importância de encontrar um novo lugar no mundo intersubjetivo. Isso também se mostrou importante na narrativa de recuperação do Mário, encontrar um novo espaço no mundo após consumo de drogas e o surto.O terceiro capítulo continua o debate sobre narrativas e intersubjetividade, aplicado, desta vez, à reflexão da experiência do trabalho de campo. Os conceitos de narrativas e intersubjetividade têm implicações éticas, metodológicas e epistemológicas importantes. Primeiro, alguns aspetos éticos são considerados. A discussão segue-se com considerações metodológicas onde é discutido o lugar de falar sobre experiências de psicose no processo de recuperação. Encotraram-se dois padrões. A retirada do Paulo da investigação é interpretada como uma estratégia de preservar o espaço pessoal perante as circunstâncias que o danificaram. Por outro lado, a Sofia e o Mário encontraram sentido em participarem no presente estudo, o que até ao certo grau acabou por facilitar o processo de recuperação. A seguir, algumas questões metodológicas são levantadas, nomeadamente as de técnicas de investigação. Defende-se que as mesmas são ligadas e devem ser pensadas em relação com a presença, persona do investigador. O capítudo conclui-se com uma reflexão sobre a etnografia colaborativa.
The thesis begins with an introduction to various academic disciplines and user movements which have approached psychosis as a meaningful phenomenon. The chapter ends with an overview of the anthropological discussion on experience and narrative, the two concepts with which we approach the fieldwork.The second chapter is based on ethnographic fieldwork on psychosis and recovery, focusing on the intersubjective aspect. Firstly, we look at how the participants in the study make sense of psychosis, some at the time of acute crisis and some in temporally removed narratives. The biomedical model of psychosis, suggested to Paulo at the psychiatric ward, seems not to have made a lot of sense to him. At the same time, his narrative (marked by his spiritual quest) was not emplotted in the ward. The psychotic crisis is interpreted as his self-narrative, where he has shown active participation (agency), which he was unable to do in his social interactions. In contrast, Sofia adopts medical terminology but still preserves her own etiological narrative, distinct from the biomedical explanatory model. It is related to the world of interpersonal relations, or more precisely put, her withdrawal from it. She identifies loneliness and social isolation as the main causes of her psychotic crisis. Mário, however, sees the main reason underlying his psychotic episode in drug consumption. This he understands as a way of coping with his discomfort in his intersubjective world. Secondly, we approach the subjective experiences of psychosis. Paulo’s psychotic experiences seem to have been overwhelming to the point that he temporarily lost the ability to engage with the intersubjective world. As is observed to be quite common, Paulo was no longer a performer but more like an audience member to his performance of a story. When it comes to Sofia, we can describe her experiences as hyper meaning. Her social isolation made her see connections in the world that others could not see. Psychosis, it is suggested, was her attempt – albeit an idiosyncratic one – of reaching out to people and the outside world. Similarly, once Mário ran out of spaces in which he could construct meanings through social interaction, he found dialogical intersubjective spaces in his psychotic world. He heard and saw principally his loved ones, and we analyse his experiences of psychosis and how he coped with it. We can conclude that the constant presence of people which could not be logically explained caused a great suffering and resulted in some damage to his relationships with his loved ones.Thirdly, the experience of hospitalization is considered. All narratives of hospitalization are somehow ambivalent. Paulo saw his hospitalization phase as “rising up from the hole”. The schedule in the ward gave him structure – by the end of his hospitalization, despite his desire to leave the ward, he started to feel uncomfortable facing life outside the hospital without a palpable structure. Sofia remembers her hospitalization as a primarily negative experience due to the radical change to her everyday life imposed on her. At the same time, due to her feeling of being persecuted, she felt relieved because the ward had a security service and closed doors. Mário experienced his first (and only) hospitalization as a lone journey of personal reconstruction. His narrative is characterised by his introspective journey and reflection about his past life experiences.The chapter is concluded by exploring the intersubjective experience of everyday life after the FPE. Paulo’s case reveals the dynamics of the transition between hospitalization and living in the community. Paulo’s life, as is argued, is structured by his interactions with his loved ones that emplot his future. A dynamic web of narratives can be observed, structuring Paulo’s everyday life in his transition to the community, which he finds disturbing and confusing. Meanwhile, Sofia’s case shows us that the crucial aspect of her recovery was finding her place in the intersubjective world. It also shows that Sofia considers her FPE as a part of a wider process of personal reconstruction. A similar importance of reconstructing interpersonal relationships can be noted in Mário’s story as well.The third chapter debates narrative and intersubjectivity in reflecting the fieldwork experience. In terms of methodology, I discuss speaking about psychosis as a tool for recovery. Two patterns are found. The first is present in Paulo’s story: his withdrawal from the study is seen as a kind of strategy to construct a safe personal space previously damaged by the FPE and the experience of hospitalization. However, the experiences with Sofia and Mário show the importance that participation in an ethnographic study might have for a person. Next, it is argued that in methodological debate on anthropology, reflection on the techniques that are employed is often absent. The issue is related to the researcher's position in the field.
Outro - Ad Futura scholarship from the Slovene Human Resources Development and Scholarship Fund (received for the duration of my whole master’s degree studies in the academic years 2015/2016 and 2016/2017).