Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Anthropologie – 16e siècle'
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Mehl, Jean-Michel. "Les jeux au royaume de France (13e siècle - début du 16e siècle) : étude d'anthropologie historique." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100121.
Full textThis study is devoted to games practised in France at the end of the Middle Ages and at the beginning of the Renaissance (sport games, games of chance, intellectual games). It tries to make an inventory of those games, to specify their origins, to describe the instruments and equipments thez make use of, to restore their rules and to outline their typlogy. The second part concerns the world of players (age, social background) and brings out the play activities according to social groups. It tries to describe the time, the places resrved for those games as well as the stakes (financial or other). It ends with a study of the deviations of the games (cheating and violence). A third part considers those games in the face of mediaeval opinion, decribes the mechanisms of repression led by the governements as well as the methods used by those same governements to control the games. In a last part are analysed the different roles played by mediaeval games as well as the functions (symbolical and rituals) they have. The main conclusions bring out the play development (change from play to games), the meaning of those games and their combinations (extolling of sport games, more or less increasing tolerance as regards games of chance, pedagogical use of games). The procedures of external domestication of the games are to be remembered too (lease of the games, repression through taxation, intervention of governements in the organization of the games) as well as internal domestication (increasing complexity, codification of rules, organization). An alphabetical list of all games analysed is annexed
Duflos, de Saint Amand Donatienne. "Nature et fonction de la notion d'intérêt aux XVIe ET XVIIe siècles." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100180.
Full textUntil the XVIth century, the notion of interest is nearly non existent in the representations of the world and of action. From the XVIth century and during all the XVIIth, it enlarges its uses as far as it becomes the notion we can't avoid nor refute nowadays. Through the study of its most important promoters, from Guichardin to Leibniz, and assuming that its introduction provides a solution that enables them to work out new problems they have to face, this work shows that the notion of interest is not a psychological motivation that would lead to the representation of a selfish man nor to the mere introduction of the utilitarian paradigm. The analysis of its uses (whether it's used to solve economic, moral or political problems), of its objects and subjects, of its qualities (either descriptive or normative, either particular or general) and of its ambivalent effects (utility, prejudice), enables to show that its stake is wider, in so far as the modelling of the reality is concerned. Interest works as a principle of action, as a corrective variable. It allows to get the phenomenons under control, to get a phenomenal representation of the relationships between the man and his world around. Its extension leads to an upgrading of tangible world, that gives the representation of value a new start, and appraises them throughout concurrence. Therefore, it takes part in the construction of modernity
Martínez, Cereceda José Luis. "Pratiques discursives coloniales d'identité : le cas des Lipes au XVIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0074.
Full textThe goal of thesis is the analysis of specific power discourses : that empowered societies generated respect other indigenous groups in the Andean region at 16th century. Discoursives practices used by aymara chiefdoms, inka state or spanish conquerors for to identity, to contrast and to describe them. The thesis scope are various outsiders indigenous societies colonially named as Lipes, who lived in high lands of south Uyuni's salt lake
Muller, Welleda. "L'art des huchiers : restreint au mobilier liturgique des choeurs en pays bourguignon, flamand et rhéno-mosan aux XVème et XVIème siècles." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOL008.
Full textCollange, Lise. "Stratégies matrimoniales et enjeux économiques à Venise à la fin du XVe et au début du XVIe siècle." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF20102.
Full textThe study of late xv th and early xvi st century venetian matrimonial strategies and economic stakes is made difficult by the fact that sources are scattered and varried. In order to fully grasp the diversity and the typical characteristics of the leading group, we deem it more appropriate to study this category from the angle of a more easily identifiable corporation, that of sea-traders. This option leads to a better understanding of certain relational mechanisms which, contrary to the former situation, brings to light the intention of concentrating financial and political powers on order to remain in the first rank. The venetian nobilary group distinguishes itself by its disparity : the poor and the rich, the young and the old,, ancient or more recent noblility, men and women of different prerogatives yet living in the same society. In spite ot the apparent solidarity of the group, which is the traditional image spread for decades, rivalries, tensions and strong rancour exist which are made more visible during critical periods in the life of the republic. The prosopographic study of galley owners and galley investors and the giving prominence to objective links among them - i. E. Wedding - lead to the conclusion that the merchants, who are also noble galley owners, set a matrimonial strategy up with the intention of building up and stregthening their relationships with the most influencial families, both in the economic and political circles. They are motivated by the need to preserve the interests of the group
Thoraval, Fanch. "Curarum dulce lenimen. Du document musical au monument dévotionnel : Innocentius Dammonis et le Laude libro primo, Venezia, 1508." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040254.
Full textThe Laude libro primo is a well known document which has retained scholarship's attention since the beginning of the last century. Quite exceptionally for a collection of polyphonic laude of that period, it contains a repertoire composed by a single musician, a regular canon whose belonging to the congregation of San Salvatore is the only biographical known fact. The compositions by Innocentius Dammonis have been considered a typical product of the musical devotional culture from north-eastern Italy that was intended either for the use of the congregation's members or for that of some venetian confraternities. The observation of the musical, theological and literary culture recorded in this document allows to shed a new light on these laude. The distinction between the responsibility of the printer and the author for its editorial conception makes it possible to understand by which means these laude were intended to be presented. An onomastical study has given some evidence that this musician, who lived in various monasteries of the congregation, was probably born in northern Europe. The Laude libro primo appears to be the product of an individual project, the congregation of San Salvatore being partly its intellectual background, rather than the expression of a local (venetian) tradition. This observation suggests another approach to the canon's compositional choices that are sometimes unusual in that kind of repertoire. They don't seem to be the result of the opposition art/popular music (or its corollary complex/simple) which is the most used analytical framework for the study of polyphonic laude. On the contrary, they appear to serve a devotional project carried out by a specialist (a cleric) who mixes moral arguments with bucolic and petrarchan references
Duchesne, Sylvie. "Pratiques funéraires, biologie humaine et diffusion culturelle en Iakoutie (16e-19e siècles)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30172.
Full textStudy, on the basis of 162 characters from 179 perfectly preserved frozen burials, of the cultural evolution of the settlement of Yakutia from the 16th century to the 19th century. The Yakuts, people from north-eastern Sibe- ria, Turkic speaking, cattle and horse breeders, are surrounded by Siberian speaking people, reindeer herders. Divided into several tribes before the Russian colonization, they will experience in contact with the Russians a "golden age" before being assimilated into the Russian Orthodox culture in the 19th century. Their frozen tombs, with intact cultural and biological data, together with historical data and this particular ecological context place their cultural evolution as an exceptional school case for human-environment interaction and for the human and social sciences. After a descriptive study of the characters, multivariate, descriptive and decisional studies, comparing differences between ages, sexes, lineages, periods, geographical groups, are carried out; it is followed by a phylogenetic analysis. The first analyses demonstrate the economic and religious changes linked to chronological evolution, while phylogeny provides hypotheses on cultural transmission, differentiated according to sex. A phase of synthesis allows us to confirm the southern origins of the Yakut culture, to identify its mechanisms of adaptation, then of evolution in the face of Russian colonization, and finally to recognize its modes of transmission and diffusion that have made it evolve from a traditional way of life to a Russian orthodox way of life
Hélène, Stéphane. "Un être mi-bête, mi-homme : l'anthropologie des Lumières." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20044.
Full textFrom the standpoint of slaves, or wrecks, or scoundrels, or down-and-out, or exploited people and ragamuffin, the enlighted eighteenth-century also contains the thousand and one miseries of negro anthropology. In this way, an history of philosophy, through greek and roman antiquity, middle ages and renaissance down to the modern period, will mainly show us that the african continent always was supposed to be crowed with marvels and monstrosities, mean barbarians and cruel pagans. Modern slavery was justified both by aristotle's and augustine's inheritance, but we can say that rousseau, voltaire, montesquieu or condorcet, as well as naturalists like buffon, linne or lamarck had confined blackmen in an anthropology for bondage. Human being, animal, or a creature sailing between mankind and beast? there was a doubt about this point, and no conclusive grounds for its disproof. French "code noir" lawfully put it out of law; according with reason, they bestialize it, beacause they were confident in his perfectibility
Feller, Sophie. "Anthropologie de la croyance et analyse des représentations à l'âge classique : l'apport des libertins érudits." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS027S.
Full textIn the times immediately following the Religious Wars, at the dawn of the Galilean revolution, the seventeenth century opens on a world without bearings, where theology seems unable to answer all the questions any longer. The only thing man has left is to turn toward himself : subject and object of this new epistemology, he takes the place of God, and of every principle of unity, as a point of reference ; that’s the reason why we see here the birth of some anthropological thought strictly speaking. In the relations that this very thought – still faltering – is having with literature – in many respects its breeding ground – but also with philosophy, the part of the “libertins érudits” is not often put forward ; the critical attitude which defines them however makes them the spearhead of a new way of thinking. So the “anthropological” discourse which emerges in their writings – descendants of Montaigne and Charron – first and foremost characterizes man as a creature fed by believes and representations, and this from the ethical, as well as from the political or aesthetic point of view. We would like to explore these different fields of research through an analysis of representations, especially in La Mothe Le Vayer’s and Cyrano de Bergerac’s works. The choice of such a corpus lies in the multiplicity of the genres it allows to explore, and the diverse influences (scepticism and epicureanism, among others) which feed it, and which make it an enriching gateway to the thought of the “libertins érudits”
Jubelin, Alexandre. ""Par le fer et par le feu". Pratiques de l'abordage et du combat rapproché dans l'Atlantique du début de l'époque moderne (début du XVIe siècle - 1653)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL053.
Full textThis dissertation studies the tools and the logics of naval warfare in the Early Modern Atlantic. The wide spreading and improvement of shipboard artillery in the 16th and 17th centuries, applied to the main Atlantic countries (France, England, Spain, Portugal, Dutch Republic) trigger deep transformations in Atlantic naval warfare. The main paradigm of battle thereby evolves from traditional tactics such as boarding and hand-to-hand fighting, towards a widespread use of artillery, until a new paradigm emerges in the mid-17th century in the shape of the line of battle. This general evolution has been tackled most notably within the “Military Revolution” debate, but naval warfare has been a side subject in those discussions and was for the most part included in very wide-ranging analysis. Those don’t really do justice do the uncertainties and the subtleties of this transition period, as this dissertation intends to do. Furthermore, this work applies to naval battle the evolutions in the history of warfare in the last 40 years by focusing less on tactics and formations, on blaming or lauding great admirals of the past, and more on the individual experience of fighting. In particular, this dissertation focuses on men within the battle, the logics and the gestures that allow for survival, and the sensory environment surrounding the protagonists of naval combat
Labey, Pauline. "Garde et cure des corps : discours anthropologiques et pratiques sociales régulières autour du malade (XIIe-XIIIe siècles)." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0127.
Full textThe thesis contributes to the development of a history of the sick, as individual. It seeks to understand how to set up a new view about the sick, through the covered condition. It questions is : what are the consequences of the disease for anyone has it ? The change in this regard depends on the changes taking place in intellectual production scholastic one hand, in the regular life on the other hand, in Christian West of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. These changes are taking place thanks to the rediscovery of naturalist knowledges (ie Aristotelian theories and Arabic medecine) but also new spiritualities. Several themes articulate research. It questions the terms of the exclusion and inclusion of the sick in the community from different normativ sources from regular orders (regular canons, Cistercian, Cluniac), linking this practices with the spirituality that governs it. It also seeks to understand the relationship between spirituality and the sick's body, a report reflected in the daily practice routine, but also thought in the theological sources. These are the site of development of anthropological discourses amoung others devoted to the question of the relationship between soul and body. Postponed to the sick, these reflections enable us to understand what is at stake in the experience of the disease, as close as individual consequences
Le, Floc'h Justine. "Ardeur et vengeance : anthropologie de la colère au XVIIe siècle." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL118.
Full textThis study aims to determine how the representations of anger were built in France in the 17th century from a broad collection of moral literature, including treatises on medicine, theology, philosophy, morals and civility. Anger was counted among the passions and defined, according to the Aristotelian proposal, as a desire for revenge caused by a perception of contempt, which manifests itself in the body with blood boiling around the heart. Anger (colère) was then correlated with choler, which is one of the four humors of the Hippocratic and galenic medicine (cholè): yellow bile causes fever and other kinds of inflammation. Considered as a form of madness and a vice by Seneca, the Ire finally appeared in the septenary scheme of the deadly sins, alongside Pride and Envy. But Christian anthropology also acknowledged its good uses, and the whole effort of the moralists, doctors and theologians of the early modern period was to determine how to reconcile the natural and physiological dimension of passion with the aspiration to virtue for the use of world. These authors encouraged the government of passions, both in a charitable perspective, and to promote their rhetorical use for self-staging in society.Our study contributes to the history of emotions in early modern France by analyzing the discourses that built the representations and the imagination of anger. By deploying the topical model of anger from a collection of moral literature considered as a discursive formation composed of different fields of knowledge, it participates in developing the historical anthropology of affectivity
Barroux, Gilles. "Philosophie et médecine : le discours sur la maladie au cours de la seconde moitié du dix-huitème siècle : esquisse d'une anthropologie médicale." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100084.
Full textIn the Encyclopaedia, the entry under medicine takes a new approach in the definition of the different medical disciplines. The content of these new definitions is epistemological, social, moral and political. The study of the disease and the medical practices are two main themes. Study of semiological and nosological traditions, just as much as progress in anatomy and in pathological anatomy, leads to constantly renew the survey of the diseased subject. Medical thought evolves between an epidemical lecture of illness, originating from Antiquity, and a process of individuation : detect each kind of disease, each kind of population, each kind of individual prone to catch them. However, the bases of a real aetiology are not met as shown with the example of fevers. Reviewing medical practices is before all reviewing a conflict : exposing the empirics, medicine still remains subject to empiricism and this cannot be overcome. Experiment remains ambivalent, thus playing an essential part in constructing an identity of medicine, i. E. The clinical approach, but also in developing new practices such as inoculation. Last but not least, the same period in time sees the appearance of a social medicine, a medicine of regeneration mostly expressed with the development of hygiene. Between Hippocratic restraint, moral supremacy and social institution : hygiene alone could be considered a reflection of the historical and epistemological situation of medicine in this century. During the second half of the 18th century medical philosophy reconstructs the concepts of causality, limitation and relationship as applied in other sciences, expressing an espistemological approach applied to mankind
Dittmar, Pierre-Olivier. "Naissance de la bestialité : une anthropologie du rapport homme-animal dans les années 1300." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0117.
Full textThe medieval Christian approach to the animal was paradoxical. For the first time, the animal was largely excluded from official ritual: animal sacrifice was a thing of the pagan past, and Jewish dietary restrictions limited the consumption of certain creatures. But the animal figured prominently in medieval art and literature, and by the advent of the XIV th century, the animal's symbolic exploitation, along with its use as a source of food and material, followed the model of man's domination over the natural world, established by the Biblical precedence of Adam naming the animals. During the 1300s the conception of the animal underwent a profound change. Since Augustine, the animal world was structured by an opposition between 'pecus' and 'bestia', between grazing herbivores in the service of mankind and wild carnivores. While the former were considered edible, the consumption of the latter was informally forbidden. But with the emergence of literature in the vernacular and the rediscovery of Aristotle, this division gave way to a new conception of the animal that grouped together ail animate creatures -with the notable exception of man. Thus was born the modern sense of the term 'animal'. The invention of the animal profoundly changed how the individual was conceived, giving birth to the concept of 'bestialité', which gradually came to include any human behaviour deemed irrational. Images (i. E. The representations of hybrids, half-men, half-beasts) played a crucial role in the conceptual development of man's beastliness : they did not merely illustrate, but anticipate the work of theoreticians in shaping the concept of man's animality
Loualich, Fatiha. "La famille à Alger (XVII-XVIIIe siècles) : parenté, alliance et patrimoine." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0027.
Full textThis work rests on the analysis of a corpus of files drawn from the three series of the Othoman funds of Algiers (acts of the notaries, registers of the Treasury, registers of estates) which amount to more than two thousand acts. The exhaustive exploitation of this corpus was carried out in three directions: the bonds, the goods (which are the directing axes of this research) and the legal practice. For each part, I selected a sample of acts which I tried to question according to a protocol in connection with my central theme: the relationship between bonds and goods and the legal practice which managed these fields. The first part is reserved for family ties (bonds), this research tried, through various investigations, to tackle the questions of relationships, family and alliances. In the second part, the investigation is centered on the family relationships / inheritance through a specific case study. I followed the routes of certain goods to determine the circulation of the inheritances, the forms of transmission and circulation and their relationship with the various economic situations. The third part is reserved to family and the legal practice; I gave prominence to the acts relative to the requests of legal consultations, which reflect the reality of the company: disputes, litigations and complex situations that allowed us to better appreciate the intervention of the institution on the ground. This third part is in fact the setting in synergy of the two preceding; ones of which constitutes the synthesis. Indeed, since it is the legal institution which manages the bonds and the goods, to follow its intervention on the ground is a manner of collecting in their immediacy the three fields simultaneously: bonds, goods and legal practice. For each part, an appendix, the tools (methodology) for analysis and the rough results of investigation are presented. The essence of this work will consist in commenting on these results and drawing some conclusions. I present, in conclusion, the sources and the bibliography used as support for this research
Robson, Benjamina. "Anthropologie historique des telo troky tesaka à Madagascar : des ordres statutaires aux communautés politico-religieuses contemporaines (17e-21e siècle)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0176.
Full textThe thesis sheds light on "political-religious" tesaka power (Godelier 2007) — in Vangaindrano, South-Eastern Madagascar — by integrating historical and evolutionary considerations. It aims to be a tool for understanding the dialectic of the transformation of the exercise of politico-religious power since the foundation of the tesaka kingdom, likely to have occurred in the 17th century, until the creation of the three contemporary communities of politico-religious order (telo troky) in 1897, and their state nowadays. The main objective is to present the permanent and dynamic aspects of the tesaka social system by highlighting the close interweaving of the political and religious embodied by the keeper of sacrificial worship posts for the invisible sacred beings (pita hazomanga).If during the tesaka royal period, only the king inherits worship posts (fatora) and has the exclusivity of the exercise of the politico-religious power of pità hazomanga, the emergence of telo troky leads to the construction of the Fatora and the appearance of a pità hazomanga specific to each community. From then on, the sacrificial ceremony to the invisible sacred beings (velatry) presents itself as the stable element of the "core of the ritual process" (Bloch 1997 [1992]: 9), revealing the resilience of a system of religious beliefs, and applicable to all grades of local politico-ritual units (troky or fatora, raza or koboro, raibe raiky or trañondonaky, lonaky or traño raiky)
Serdeczny, Anton. "D'entre les morts : une anthropologie historique de la réanimation, XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles." Paris, EPHE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPHE5008.
Full textBetween 1733 and 1745, medical resuscitation moved from fruitless anecdotes to one programmatic discourse, bringing it to the foreground of the science of Enlightment, mostly through the new care given to the drowned people, and their revival via an engimatic technique : rectal insufflation of tobacco smoke. It is the genesis of this process that is studied here. It thrived on protestant issues around corpses, then on the building of one legitimacy lead by learned authors excluded from the making of public legislation. Going further into externalism, one can measure the role of heteronomical cultural registers in the building of this new medical field, the first among them being the carnival. This unprecedented resuscitative paradigm was thus shored up by carnivalian representations : there lies one exceptional occasion for studying the process of counter-induction, that means the construction of unprecedented scientific fields through the breach of traditional ways of thinking. Even though what was considered as « popular » was intentionally rejected by the Enlightened few, it was, for over half of a century, the learned reformulation of carnivalian rituals and representations that supplied the starting raw material for the development of modern resuscitation
Haoui, Karim. "Linguistique et anthropologie en France au dix-neuvième et au vingtième siècles : historiographie de la question indo-européenne." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10125.
Full textQu-Rousseau, Xiaoling. "Une étude anthropologique du "Liaozhai zhiyi" de Pu Songling : Chine XVIIe siècle." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR20065.
Full textThis thesis is based on the major work of Pu Songling, a Chinese author from the XVIIth century. The “Liaozhai zhiyi” (Strange stories from a Chinese studio) was written from myths tales and notes, it is close to ethnography. In our analysis, we will emphasize the significant elements of his critical analysis of social facts of his era. Our hypothesis is that Pu Songling’s work, although it is a literary work widely famous for embroiding real facts with the fantastic and the strange, is also, in fact, an anthropological document on China’s XVIIth century. This era is characterized by the overthrow of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) and its replacement by the mandchu nomads who founded the Qing dynasty (1644-1911). This event brought enormous upheavals which were described critically by Pu Songling in all his work which is a precious testimony of this period. This study is written from the original text (not from the Chinese commented editions or on the translations and commentaries in Western languages) which helps bring out the precious main anthropological themes of this literary work
Yoshino, Michiko. "Anthropologie de Jean-Jacques Rousseau : l'homme, la morale et la modernité." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010611.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to understand Rousseau's thought of man in its social et moral dimension. In his study of man and human nature, he begins with the knowledge of self. He attempts to shed light on the genesis of human being and humanity by which each man passes from the stage of the given nature to the stage of humanity. Man as individual, however, cannot become himself without his relationship with others in society. Insofar as the principle of human nature lies in the self-preservation or love of oneself, the question is to explain the man's socialization as a process of transformation of the self-love. The human being is described as an existence in a incessant becoming. Rousseau's anthropological thought is moved by a antagonism between love of oneself and love of humanity, passion and reason, self and another. His doctrine of the consciousness as inner voice of moral sentiment presents a solution for the conflicts of individual with others in society where each man abandons himself to a pursuit of his own interest and therefore to individualism. The socialized man cannot be free and happy unless he has virtue. Rousseau's thought appears here as a fundamental criticism of modern society and selfish individualism, and as a perpetual seeking for morality. His ideas about morality are constituted by a dialogue between virtue, ideal of self-mastery, and desire of happiness, on the basis of the concepts of man's natural goodness and universal humanity. The rationalistic conception of morality based on a mere reason is rejected
Gueho, Christian. "Les archives de l'anthropologie criminelle de 1886 à 1900." Paris 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA020146.
Full textThe records of the criminal anthropology, founded by the professor of legal medecine, lacassagne, are studied, here, from 1886 to 1900, in the political, economical and social background of the nineteenth century. This publication, of a medico-legal criminological and penal nature - internationally known - broadly leant on the determinist and positivist trend of thought of a. Comte. The anticlerical, middleclass and learned republican ideology is continuously showing through. The surrounding marxism and the anarchist activism are reproved with strength. The freudian contribution is made marginal or ignored. The influence of the philosophy of durkheim - however limited - remains, on the other hand, clearly discernible. On the criminological and penal level, the authors of the records apply themselves to prove the inefficiency of the contemporary neo-classical judicial practice : the criminal individual is the one who must be analysed and treated and not the crime. In other respects, the determinist theory on the criminal atavism developped by italian professor cesare lombroso is untiringly contended. At last, a large place is made, in the records, as much for certain questions of penal philosophy related to the concept of responsability or to the justification of the death sentence as for the penitentiary solutions liable to abate the constant increase of the criminal relapse
Caradonna, Marta. "Intellectuels, institutions et expositions : la constitution des musées et des disciplines demo-ethno-anthropologiques en Italie à partir de 1850. : une histoire croisée." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH208.
Full textThe purpose of this PhD research is to retrace the various phases of the introduction of anthropological disciplines in Italy since the mid-19th century, connecting them with the social and political context of the country. The nascent anthropology, in fact, goes hand in hand with the construction of the Italian nation, intertwining with it and playing an active role in the life of the young Kingdom of Italy, a State which was officially established in 1861. Firstly, the thesis analyses the most relevant developments of the anthropological studies, reviewing the experiences of some of its protagonists and investigating the relationships between them. Secondly, it focuses on the history of Italian museums which have shown interest in the ethno-anthropological disciplines. This study makes it possible to understand the process of building and developing knowledge on man and society, the theoretical debate which follows, the ideological positions involved and the rise of new horizons and fields of study. Retracing the facts of the main anthropological museums in Italy also allows to gain a deeper understanding of socio-historical events such as: the breakthrough of evolutionism and positivism in Italian anthropology, the transition from the age of the “museum-laboratory” to that of the “democratic” museum open to the public, the debates on the nature of ethnographic objects, the advent of ethnographic museography, the Italian unification of 1861, the brief experience of Italian colonialism, the Esposizione Internazionale in Rome of 1911, the Primo Congresso di Etnografia and the relationship between Italian anthropology and Fascism.The birth of anthropological museums shows how in Italy, where the origins of anthropology are strongly characterized by the medical-biological approach, the interest on physical characters precedes and contains those on cultural aspects. This is evident in the first museums analysed here, such as the Museo Nazionale di Antropologia e Etnologia founded in 1869 by Paolo Mantegazza, the Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico founded by Luigi Pigorini in 1875 and the Museo di Etnografia Italiana created by Lamberto Loria and Aldobrandino Mochi in 1906.The goal is to understand the linkage between the places where the anthropological knowledge has been exhibited and the intellectuals who have studied and produced such knowledge in different socio-historical and political eras of Italy. To study these multiple dimensions I have also reconstructed the dynamics that led to the birth and the development of the Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico “Luigi Pigorini” and the Museo Nazionale delle Arti e Tradizioni Popolari “Lamberto Loria” in Rome
Feng, Chen. "La Découverte de l'Occident : regard anthropologique des premiers diplomates chinois sur l'Europe occidentale : 1866-1894." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0040.
Full textDuring the second half of the 19th century, the oing gouvernment sent the first chinese diplomates to western europe. According to the orders of the qing gouvernment, the chinese diplomates were obliged to submit written accounts on western civilization these diarries constitute a precious documentation of the immediate perception of western civilization by the first group of chinese intellectuals sent to europe. What surprised these trevellers most in western civilization? how do they perceive the cultural context of europe, using the chinese cultural and historical experences, their traditional intellectual formation and their own psychology? finally, how do they arrive at a readjustment of chinese culture in the world? these are tha main questions of this dissertation. Another subject: do these first chinese intellectuals sent to europe develop a kind of "occidentalisme" corresponding to western "orientalisme"?
Vanzulli, Marco. "L'idée de science chez Vico : Mythe et anthropologie." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE2004.
Full textThis study aims to prove the scientific character of Vico's new science and its complexity. The New Science epistemology will appear, through our analyse, the result of three basic components: rhetoric, jurisprudence and natural science. Without denying the fundamental function of sensible and imaginative determinations, we will try to show the importance of rational determination in the New Science, and indeed in Vico's entire output. This reading will allow us to examine the distinctively anthropologic nature of the science "concerning the common nature of the nations" and to dwell upon the civil interpretation of the myth which it provides. Subsequently, we will try to lay the foundations of an actualisation and an application of the vichian hermeneutics of myth, by comparison with the phenomenological and irrationalist tendency of contemporaneous studies of mythology and history of religions
Tzortzis, Stéfan. "Archives biologiques et archives historiques : une approche anthropologique de l'épidémie de peste de 1720-1721 à Martigues (Bouches-du-Rhône, France)." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20698.
Full textBetween 1720 and 1722, Marseille and a large part of Provence and Languedoc provinces are devastated by a late but nonetheless lethal plague epidemic, one of the greatest fears of former populations. This episode, abundantly recounted and renowned as one major event in the history of the Mediterranean city, comes as the final step of the second plague epidemic, which broke out in the middle of the 14th Century in Western Europe. From October-November 1720 until June 1721, the evil curse, coming from the Echelles du Levant, reaches the shores of Marseille and then spreads in the neighbouring town of Martigues, composed of three historical parishes located where the Berre Pond opens out onto the Mediterranean Sea. Martigues had already been through abnormal mortality periods at the beginning of the 18th Century as a consequence of an epidemic, maybe smallpox, and had at the same time experienced a sanitary crisis and a shortage of wheat due to the 1709-1710 Grand Hyver. But seven and a half months of plague were even more deadly since they deprived the city of one third of its inhabitants. The Martigues population hardly regained the volume it had before the epidemic some forty years later. Our research work consists in analysing the impact of this tragic event and making use of two different kinds of sources, particularly well-provided in Martigues. Here, we refer to an abundant corpus of parish records along with some ancient printed sources, and to documentary information provided by the archaeothanatological and anthropological study of two inhumation sites directly related to the epidemic episode under scrutiny. One of them, Trenches of the Ferrières Capuchins, was thoroughly searched in 2002 under our supervision and brought to light an osteo-archaelogical series corresponding to 208 individuals. In our general survey, two issues are particularly well-fitted to allow a dialectical reasoning, that is to say, to confront both archival and anthropological material. On one hand, burial practices in a time of abnormal mortality clearly reveal how one community adapted and dealt with an epidemic it could hardly stop. We were able to prove that the measures taken in such a context of sanitary emergency were quite effective and rational, but carried out at the expense of conventional habits of the time. On the other hand, we examined the features of the demographic impact of plague on this community. Available data tend to show that plague mortality is not selective as far as age and sex criteria are concerned. They reveal a mortality pattern quite different from a “normal” mortality pattern and at the same time unveil the structure of living population, both before and after the epidemic
Khatile, David. "Anthropologie de la contredanse à la Martinique." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082645.
Full textThe Haute-Taille is a manifestation of a french contredanse. It comes from a long practice of the contredanse by all social groups of the Martinican urban and rural societies in the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries. Around 1860, the final form of the Haute-taille had been the result of successive changes based on this practice of the contredanse. From 1848, the peasants who came from the former-slave migration towards the rural areas in the hills, developed the Haute-Taille in Le François. When this rural society died out around 1960, the Haute-Taille declined. Since 2000, it has been revived by the cultural policy of Le François and it has become a symbol of its identity
Bidzogo, Emmanuel Michel. "Anthropologie religieuse et Évangélisation : la christianisation du peuple bëti (Cameroun) de l'arrivée des Pères Pallotins (1890) au synode africain "Ecclesia in Africa" (1995)." Lille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL3A005.
Full textAbdelaziz, Mahmoud. "La ville de Jéricho et sa région : étude ethno-anthropologique (deuxième moitié du XIXème siècle - 1967)." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070062.
Full textThe recent town of jericho and its region are in the center of our studies which understand historically the period from the second half of the last century up to the year 1967. In this work, five are based written documents and enquierments. A geohistorical introduction proceeds the part reserved for the formation and for social dynamique, specially in the local society of jericho. We have studied the popular parimony formed of costomes and local traditions. Other chapters are consecrated for the demographic and mographic studies wishout forgetting the economical aspect and the sedentary developpement of the town. Finally a conclusion including the negative effects and consequences of the occupation of the town and its region
Di, Brizio Maria Beatrice. "Contextualisation des usages théoriques et heuristiques de la notion de couvade : Edward Burnett Tylor et l'ethnologie évolutionniste des "Researches into the Early History of Mankind and the Development of Civilization" 1865." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0661.
Full textFocussing on the first edition of the Researches into the Early History of Mankind and the Development of Civilization (1865), this thesis analyses the treatment of the notion of couvade by the British ethnologist Edward Burnett Tyllor (1832-1917). The term covers a set of cultural representations and practices symbolically associating the father to the birthing process and modifying his ordinary activities and dietary habits. These usages, which may possibly involve confinement, are found by Tylor in america, Asia, Europe, Africa: their descriptions are culled from printed ethnographical sources. The first part of this thesis exalines the concept in the context of the researches: the general aims of the text are specified, as well as Tylor's explanation of the couvade practices, Tylor's sources and criteria for empirical data selection, classification, and interpretation. The second part deals with the British context of emergence of the notion, in the years 1810-1865: it takes into account the rise of ethnology as racial science and general science of man, the debates over monogenesis or polygenesis of the human species, the controversies on the origin of civilization. The third part elucidates pre-Tylorian usages of couvade descriptions and meanings of the word couvade (1538-1865). The general aim of this thesis is to understand the role played by the notion in the devlopment of Tylor's monogenist, evolutionary, and scientific ethnology, as well as to establish the intellectual continuities and disjunctions characterizing the concept's adoption in the Researches. Finally this work explores the heuristic usages and interpretive implications of the notion
Servant, Isabelle. "Les Transformations de la temporalité dans les pièces pour clavecin en France à l'époque baroque (1660-1750)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX10076.
Full textDulac, Anne-Valérie. "Sir Philip Sidney et les marges de la culture visuelle élisabéthaine." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030151.
Full textThe national legend surrounding Sir Philip Sidney [1554-1586] in the Elizabethan era has played a significant part in concealing many aspects of the courtier’s visual experience. The marble fixity of pictorial monuments erected in memory of England’s favourite Protestant « cultural icon » has mostly failed to register his features. This has been made apparent through the development of visual culture studies. Since emerging in the 1980’s, this interdisciplinary field has led to the laying bare of the brittle material of Elizabethan visual taxonomies, by encompassing within the ‘pictorial’ frame new kinds of images [imprese, limnings, wax medallions]. Yet, although opening up onto alternative visual modes, the latest forays into Sidneyan mimesis have remained firmly rooted in an ethnocentric approach of perspective. Conversely, far from reflecting an exotic, insular or archaic pictorial response to visual culture, Sidney’s ornaments -whether created by or dedicated to him- draw on encounters between ‘gentle’ and ‘barbarous’ visual histories, thus highlighting Tudor England’s ‘etiological uncertainty’. As a result, the many aspects of Ibn al-Haytham [Alhacen]’s Kitab al-mananazir [De Aspectibus] transpiring through Elizabethan optics will emerge as central to the building up and understanding of the anthropological dimension of Sidney’s mimesis
Mbot, Jean-Emile. "Esquisse d'une lecture anthropologique des écrits français sur le peuple du Gabon de 1839 à 1952." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05H069.
Full textMaldent, Olivier. "‘As if a picture had any sense to hurt a body’ : la représentation du corps du "non-civilisé" dans les Îles Britanniques, 1776-1815." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030146.
Full textAbstract This study aims at explaining the mechanisms that inform the way ‘uncivilized’ peoples’ bodies are represented in the British Isles between 1776 and 1815. It is based on a corpus of periodicals and novels cited in its title and, to a lesser extent, on some illustrations. It first demonstrates that there exists an unexpected if paradoxical link between the degree of ‘civilization’ that the British observer attributes to a given individual or group and the way this observer represents their bodies. It then explains how such a representation is largely conditioned by the theory of climates (aka ‘environmentalism’), the most sophisticated version of which was put forward by Buffon, but was then elaborated upon by other observers, in ways that turn out to disclose a transition that was then taking place. The transition in question is that by which racial theories, based on the idea that the body constitutes both a measurable and meaningful material, came to prevail. As this study seeks to prove, such theories are much less opposed to the previous ‘climatic’ ones than what academic doxa on the subject might lead us to believe. The reason is that ‘uncivilized’ peoples’ bodies contribute to shaping an ‘imperial body’ that is itself in progress and of which they become organs that are either perceived as unhealthy or vital. So it is precisely as a representation–and as nothing else–that the protean figure of the ‘uncivilized’ comes to life
Aicardi-Chevé, Dominique. "Les corps de la contagion : étude anthropologique des représentations iconographiques de la peste (XVIème-XXème siècles en Europe)." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX20688.
Full textEscobar, Villegas Juan Camilo. "Les élites intellectuelles en Euroamérique : imaginaires identitaires, hommes de lettres, arts et sciences à Medellin et en Antioquia (Colombie) : 1830-1920." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0009.
Full textThis research deals with the history of imaginaires identitaires in Colombia, particulary in the Antioquia region as seen though the texts and images that the intellectual elites, mostly located in Medellin, produced between 1830 and 1920. We have discovered the constant presence of an identity discourse which strongly emphasized "the Antioqueña race". We propose a research which does not overlook the relationship between the local, global, regional, national and international dimensions. That is why we have focused on the intellectual formation of the elites taught us that the idea of nation was not overwhelmingly present. They led us to think that the idea of region may sometimes be more powerful. In fact, the cities appear as the concrete worlds in the name of which men and women build their history. Therefore, we came to the conclusion that, for the elites of the nineteenth century, the material "progress" of the cities and the "civilizing processes" of everyday life were more important than the formation of what was known as national states. Consequently, a certain common structure linked the cities concerned to the "civilizing project". But one can also speak a long history of exchanged glances and contacts which developed according to the comings and goings of tastes, practices, ideas and of the people of Euroamerica who were attached to the great ideal of the nineteenth century : having a powerful imaginaire identitaire, which is one of the most crucial components of this idea of "progress and civilisation"
Giabicani, Jean-Claude. "Le commencement de la sagesse : négativité et éthique dans la doctrine anthropologique de Spinoza." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100097.
Full textThe field of human speech is determined by a fundamental negativity. The anthropological doctrine of Spinoza determines this negativity as constituting the beginning of the ethical itinerary. Ethics are rooted in the experience of the human being, in relation with the symbolic decision of the speaking subject
Fauvel, Aude. "Témoins aliénés et "Bastilles modernes" : une histoire politique, sociale et culturelle des asiles en France (1800-1914)." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0112.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the relationships between the French society and the mentally ill during the nineteenth century. It questions the image of a "psychiatric order". The first part consists of a re-reading of the beginings of psychiatry. It unmasks the fact that the alienists were confronted by violent critics from the begining. These critics intensified in the 1860's : the problem of the destruction of the "modern Bastilles" (asylums) became the battle cry of the republican opposition. Thus the Third Republic opened an era of crisis for mental health. The study of this crisis forms the second part of this thesis. We discover how the anti-alienist movement modified representations of madness, how it weighed on the evolution of the care of the mentally ill and on the psychiatric discipline. The third part deals with the mentally ill and focuses on the way in which patients influenced their own course of history, based on written testimonies or collective actions such as revolts
El, Hassani Abdellatif. "Recherches sur les fondements du Maroc moderne : essai sur les structures sociales, religieuses et politiques précoloniales : crise du système, échec des réformes, 1844-1912." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999IEPP0030.
Full textThis research, founded on Modern Morocco, is a detailed analysis of the development, of social, religious and political structures, mainly at the outset of contacts with Europe. The norms and mechanisms of the functions of institutions that give authority and elect heads and arbitrators of central and peripheral conflicts are examined. The 1st part deals with the specificities of social organisations in the major regions of “traditional” Morocco. Paradigms and theoretical models are used to give an epistemological insight into the plurality of Moroccan society. The study of the tribe, the diversity of its forms, its links with central power and its attachment to the universal nature of Islam allow an understanding of its dynamic and the importance of its reinsertion in historical discourse. The 2nd part deals with the study of religious and cultural fields and their political connections to the understanding of symbolic variation and historical changes. Investigation of the zaouia of Dila illustrates its warlike values, its intellectual and political knowledge, its social prestige and the entrenchment, offering access to the monarchal cycle, of the saints in the Atlas region. The 3rd part identifies specificities of the “traditional” model of government, the sharifien Makhzen : the major patrimonial institution of domination and the supreme level of orthodoxy. The sultan’s court is examined and identified as an anchorage point for the elite and other interested parties as well as the scene of integration into and participation to central power. Foreign pressure since the middle of the 19th century reveals the backwardness and inadequacy, in the face of modern demands, of these structures and institutions. Attempts at reform resulted in failure in failure which lead the way for the protectorat in 1912
Daniel, Marina. "Regards sur le corps meurtri : victimes, expertises et sensibilités en Seine-Inférieure au XIXe siècle." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUEL566.
Full textAre victims the ones that History forgets ? By choosing the topic of the wounded body, the aim of this thesis was to study the victims of body violences, and thus to discover their social profile, to follow their legal course from the aggression to the lawsuit. This mainly approach concerns historical anthropology. The complaints and especially the depositions allowed a new life to the victims’ words. Testimonies and the analysis of the press were an opportunity to reach not only the social representations of the victim and the suffering, but also the sensibilities. Moreover this study could not be complete without the study of the practice of forensic medicine, which states the sufferings of the victims and helps for the recognition of their statute. Finally this thesis makes it possible to study the institutional, medical, social readings of violences and the body sufferings
Thomas, Frédéric. "La forêt mise à nu : essai anthropologique sur la construction d'un objet scientifique tropical : "forêts et bois coloniaux d'Indochine" : 1860-1940." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0123.
Full textThe end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century represent a milestone in the formation of those colonial sciences concerned with tropical environments. The following dissertation examines this process of construction from a specific focal point, I. E. , colonial forestry in Indochina. First perceived by the colonialists as being void of inhabitants, tropical forsts were rapidly appropriated and exploited intensively. This process of mise en valeur, however, was challenged by the indigenous populations who could and did indeed oppose their own forest uses and values. How did such encounters take place? Did they lead to the mere confrontation of two irreconcilable systems of knowledge and practices, or to various forms of adaptation and compromise, or to effective procedures of hybridization? This essay provides answers to such questions that seek to challenge the diffusionist model of modern european science rolling over the world, utterly impervious to foreign influence. A somewhat different image of colonial technoscience thus emerges. If indeed vernacular knowledges were more often than not disqualified, it is argued that they did exert some influence on in situ colonial forestry
Martignoni, Andrea. "Mots et gestes de la foi : une anthropologie religieuse du Frioul à la fin du Moyen Age." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040006.
Full textA patriarchal state since the beginning of the 11 century, Friuli was entirely incorporated within the Venetian Terraferma in 1420. This distinctive group of cities, which is constituted by the capital, Udine, Cividale and Gemona, represents an advantageous standpoint from which to study the different forms of religious faith at the end of the Middle Ages. This research which is based on the language of words and the gestures of faith, endeavours to study religious practice, devotional organisation and the different expressions of belief at the time. The frontiers which exist between what is sacred and what is profane are extremely porous in medieval cities. Urban authorities fully contribute to the implementation of a city of God on earth, by keeping a close watch over space and time. This distinctive « politics of the sacred » also implies that the signs of divine immanence are made visible in the city, which is thus transformed into a city of images and a city of relics. A new sacral geography which supervises religious practice, emerges in the urban fabric. Because of the important role played by religious brotherhoods, the city is witness to multiple experimentations of devotional language. Through ritualities of the body and of the soul, man gets involved in a dialogue which is both vertical, with the divine, and horizontal, with his neighbour. But the city of God also falls prey to different threats which put its security at risk. Inside the city, forms of blasphemy and iconoclasm may considerably disturb the established, the divine and the public orders. Outside the city, the plague and the Turks, whose incursions terrorize populations in the 15 century, are thought to be the fruit of divine wrath. Spiritual strategies are therefore designed to restore the fragile alliance with God and implore his mercy. The Homo Religiosus at the end of the Middle Ages is characterized by a prodigious « crave for the divine »
Weigel, Philippe. "Les spectacles dans les récits de voyage de langue française de la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040269.
Full textFrench speaking "writers who travel" and "travellers who write" travelling in the second half of the 19th century, reveal both a different artistic culture and primary and secondary motivations. During a halt in the foreign capitals and even in remote villages, the traveller may, for various reasons, witness different performing arts for instance a ballet, an opera, the theatre, a puppet and shadow show, folk, masked and ritual dances. . . Without forgetting the theatre tours. Combining sight, written and drawing dialectics, the travellers observe and comment upon performances in Europe, along the Mediterranean coast, in Africa, in the South Sea Islands, in Asia and the Americas. The performances from "elsewhere" are approached in several ways: in Europe the traveller tends to focus the artistic and aesthetic aspect often influenced by the romantic arts; further afield the body performance is perceived as being voluptuous and violent. The abrupt change occurs particularly in Africa and the South Sea Islands where the ethnological view prevails. The traveller endeavors to link the performances seen in Asia and America with Europe which becomes the ophtalmos of the world. The performance art offers both a journey in fiction and in the mentality of the epoch. All things considered, confronted with this exotic novelty, the views of both categories of travellers converge here to interrogate the western views and take into consideration the view of the "other" as regards the native performances
Bonte, Pierre. "L'emirat de l'adrar : histoire et anthropologie d'une societe tribale du sahara occidental." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0083.
Full textThe adrar emirate is one of the four emirates settled in mauriatnia since the end of the xviith century. This monographic study combinates the approaches and methods of history and anthropology. In the first part we analyze the categories of the pre-emiral society and the foundations of the emirate. In the second part are described the constitution and political and social organization of the adrar emirate. In the third part we study the evolution, during the xixth century of the "civil society", impregnated of the islamic values. The fourth part discusses with the french colonial conquest. The object of this thesis is to contribute towards studying the political formations of tribal, pastoral and nomadic saharan societies
Béavogui, Facinet. "Contribution à l'histoire des Loma de la Guinée forestière, de la fin du XIXe siècle à 1945." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070030.
Full textSituated since the sixteenth century on the junction of the savannah and the forest boundary of central-west africa, in the middle of the commercial exchange binding the sudan at the atlantic coast, the loma were involved in all the episodes of the political, economic and cultural history of west africa. Articulated since this century on the slave line by the portuguese merchants who reached the fringes of their territory, the loma are typical of the societies of the interior who became deeply distressed by this commerce. Beginning from the arrival of the french colonies in 1892, the economic and social condition of the loma was characterised by the development of the productive slavery : clearly divided into two main classes, the slaves mostly controlled with cultural ham lets, and the free; the captives, cola, palm oil and rice making up the countries principal products of trade. In addition, in the midst of the open population, the dy namic atlantic which was franforming the entire woodland of central west africa into a melting pot, emerged a political plan, a system of "democratic" government excluding all links with oppression. The prominent fact during the entire colonial period up until 1945, was the determination to develop a colony set up under the principles of the loma group. .
Bayard, Florence. "Le Bilder Ars de 1496 : édition, traduction et commentaire." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040212.
Full textFerrière, Hervé. "Bory de Saint-Vincent (1778-1846) : naturaliste, voyageur et militaire, entre Révolution et Monarchie de Juillet : essai biographique." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010618.
Full textReynard, Liliane. "La description des hommes dans quelques oeuvres à caractère historique au XIIIe siècle : étude comparative de l'idéal humain, domaine européen et domaine scandinave." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040111.
Full textIn the thirteenth century, the historical works of the European and Scandinavian domains are especially numerous and give a particulary rich image of the Occidental world. Eleven works were chosen to take into account the diversity of the "historical production" of the thirteenth century: narratives of the Crusades, biographies and kings' sagas, a Song in the honour of a chivalrous hero, and two Icelandic family sagas. These works record the events of a time, and describe the principal actors. These descriptions, often very short, sometimes more elaborate, adding details and anecdotes to impersonal qualifying words, are selected as eulogies and portraits, and analysed to define the human ideal that informed the judgement of the people of the European and Scandinavian domains. Who is described, how, with which qualifying words and in which circumstances? What are the criteria that informed the judgement? Can we perceive an evolution of the mentalities during the century? These are the questions that I tried to answer in order to propose a comparative bilan that discerns the characteristics of the ideal man and the ideal woman of the North and the South, and the common qualities of the persons praised in these two distinct cultural domains
Bourmaud, Philippe. ""Ya doktor" : devenir médecin et exercer son art en "Terre sainte", une expérience du pluralisme médical dans l'Empire ottoman finissant (1871-1918)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10111.
Full textGuitard-Morel, Josiane. "La relation éducative au cours du XVIIIème siècle." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL017/document.
Full text18th century writing on education seems to give an important place to the relationship between master and pupil.This is first seen in the way the Ancien Regime school is discussed in 1726 in Charles Rollin’s Traité des études, also in the educational anthropology in Rousseau’s Émile ou de l’Éducation (1762) and the royal institution in Condillac’s Cours d’étude (1776) ; and finally in the upbringing, home education Alman’s children receive in Stéphanie de Genlis’ Adèle et Théodore (1782). Indeed, the relationship between master and pupil raises several questions at this time of intellectual ferment, when minds were filled with ideas of man’s perfectibility. Our corpus brings together various educational modalities, shifting between home education and public education, and between an idealized vision and the representation of a social reality with people taking a new interest in childhood and the family. So we have striven to grasp the quality and the nature of the bond between master and pupil, and to see how knowledge is gained and transmitted in this relationship. First, we attempt to examine how educational thinking develops in the 18th century. It is often scholars who do not belong to the world of education who are involved in this thinking, which is based on generally controversial aspirations and values, some of which are new, and some of which stem from an old Christian heritage. The next aspect tackled is the way Charles Rollin sees the educational relationship in the school educational contract. The approach to education discussed in Traité des études puts forward the idea that a master gains recognition and grandeur in respecting his pupil’s authentic character. In this instance, a spiritual bond is apparent, which is nurtured by affection and power and is thus close to the concept of filiation. Then we study the educational relationship in the light of the variable forms of tutorship. Rousseau intends to lead Emile to manhood in a Promethean daydream in which the human being and the recognition of otherness are dominant. On the other hand, Condillac rejects any idea of educational immediacy for Ferdinand de Parme. For him, if a prince is to be well-educated in accordance with the educational ideal of the Enlightenment, there should be no human dimension in the encounter between master and pupil. Finally, Genlis, who is so passionate about education, brings out the ambivalence present when the educational relationship is confined within the family unit. Here, nothing happens by chance, and the passion to educate prevents the pupil from growing and becoming an individual in his own right. In the 18th century, the different forms of educational relationship found in the writings of Rollin, Rousseau, Condillac and Genlis lead to a new idea emerging : a special bond is necessary between master and pupil for an educational situation to bear fruit
Debono, Ludovic. "Évolution diachronique (anthropologique et paléopathologique) du squelette post-crânien des adultes d'une population historique du sud-est de la France : (Nécropôle Notre-Dame-Du-Bourg, Digne, 4e - 17e siècle après J.-C.)." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10044.
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