Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Anthropologie – Colombie – Bogotá (Colombie)'
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Sierra, Cristancho Gina Paola. "Vivre en « Mode Bogotá » : pratiques et représentations dans une ville sous tension." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0118.
Full textThis doctoral thesis proposes to widen the question of urban practices and urban representations of security on the basis of the study of three different zones of Bogotá (Colombia): la Candelaria, La Macarena and Usaquén, between 2000 and 2018. The effects of insecurity and violence have been analysed in relation to the social use of public spaces and the town's politics related to these issues. This study is based on the urban experiences of citizens, their living spaces and the ways in which their every-day mobility has been shaped in these central zones of the Colombian capital city.This ethnographic study is also based on the choice of a dialogue between different methods and diverse sources, from semi-directed interviews, to mind maps and institutional documents, but also of representations that are implicit in certain literary works. This approach brings to light the existence of citizens’ skills specific to the Colombian metropolis: a "singular behaviour” in Bogotá that is conveyed through strategies and manoeuvres developed by citizens in order to face tense situations and different types of constraints. The practices and representations of the city are shaped into navigation charts and maps, created by the inhabitants of the studied zones, that condense the deep knowledge of the rhythms, the dynamics and the frontiers of the Bogotano territories.These practices reveal a set of shared codes, recognized and rooted in the urban society, that allow the solving of every-day problems linked to security. This citizen behaviour entails basic skills that have become, over time, a “shared common sense” that an inhabitant of Bogotá must possess in order to master the city in its material dimensions, especially in the territorial ones, but also in the symbolic or immaterial dimensions. This knowledge reveals a distinctive wisdom of the capital-city territory
Montezuma, Ricardo. "Les transports urbains : l'organisation, la gestion et le processus d'urbanisation à Bogota." École nationale des ponts et chaussées (France), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENPCA001.
Full textDrouilleau, Félicie. "Parenté et domesticité féminine à Bogotá." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0476.
Full textThis doctoral thesis offers an analysis of the blood relationships and general kinship between Bogotá’s female house workers in the contemporary period. Through a field work in a closed residence in uptown Bogotá and 71 unstructured interviews and life stories, it aims at better understanding the impact of domestic service on those women’s family lives. In the first place I focused on the Bogotana maids’ marital and sexual habits. The assertion according to which a housemaid cannot afford a conjugal or sexual life has to be qualified for it seems to be trye only of the full-time employees living under the same roof as their employers for more than ten years. Most of the houseworkers I met had a sexual life, even when they were internas. And yet, their sexual habits and marital status do depend on both the migration from a rural to an urban area often necessitated by the houseworking system and the obligation to share the same place of abode with the employers. In a second place I studied Bogotá’s maids’ means to bypass material impediments and fulfill their role as mothers. I pointed out a process of maternal dispossession with the resident maids. They can adopt several strategies of resistance: either they rely on the circulation of children or they choose a daytime job. My last chapter is devoted to the issue of the children’s perception of this process leading to maternal dispossession
Parias, Durán Adriana. "Le rôle du secteur locatif dans le marché du logement à Bogota : une approche systémique du marché." Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA123008.
Full textIn the past decade, housing policy in Colombia has suffered profound transformations manifested mainly in the withdrawal of the State from direct participation in the production and financing of housing, in favor of the free action of the market. Research in housing has centered on production, leaving the market relatively neglected. The problematics of rental housing in the popular sectors has been the subject of a great deal of research in Colombia and in Latin America in general. There is less information available about the rental sector in the overall context of Latin-American cities, even though this area is no less important : this type of access to housing is not reserved to poorer families. From a systemic point of view, which priviledges the study of the interrelationships between the sectors constituting the housing market, the present thesis aims to discover why, given families of similar income levels, some occupy rental housing and others own their homes; what logics prevail in this sector; and what function or functions rental housing fulfills in the structure and dynamics of the housing market in Bogotá. The method applied combines a dynamic analysis of the evolution of the market, and a detailed analysis of the segments defined by the house/family relationship, and underlines characteristics of the global market and of the rental sector which are still little-known in Bogotá
Mendoza, Velasquez Cecilia Del Pilar. "Le monde de la rue à Bogota : la débrouillardise comme l'art de faire de la multitude." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0148.
Full textThis work makes the hypothesis that the Colombian modern individual arrived to democracy after the absence of protecting state and social unit y, causing the emergence of individual practices. The popular sectors were formed in a fragmented way in Sogota in the same time as modernization and massive urbanization. These sectors built systems of interaction based on Rebusque, or life scratching. The creativity and inventiveness of the actors can be seen in the form of bargaining, exchange and self-management. Their capacity to play with the system using the public space is converted into a huge informal world. The Séptima was choosen as the observation axis of the city, its history and its representations by the citizens. Three elements are explored: the popular individual, the street and the action of life scratching. The rebuscadores have created their forms of socialization, distant and part of the system at the same time
Clavijo, Poveda Jairo. "Pratiques sociales, identité et violence : étude de barras bravas de football à Bogotà." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030131.
Full textThis thesis presents main outcomes of an ethnographic study of the barras bravas, juvenile groups of hooligans in Bogotá. Research shows how members of the barras bravas exhibit quite heterogeneous social backgrounds, but their behaviors are similar and follow the rules established by the group. Soccer games constitute ritual spaces for members of the barras bravas to express themselves in a specific manner. Inside and outside the stadium, members of the group carry symbols of both collective and individual identity. They use violence as a language to defend their territories. Violence and territory relate to each other. This is not exacerbated violence but “controlled violence. ” The barras bravas reveal soccer as a space that allows a better understanding of youth as social actors and, in this case, a radical group. The barra is a social space that members of the group use to express their opposition to the marginalization of the youth in Colombia
Mejia, Romero Sandra Milena. "Évaluation de la mise en œuvre du programme d'éducation inclusive à Bogota (Colombie) : une analyse des pratiques adaptatives des enseignants en fonction de leurs perceptions à l'égard du programme et de leur sentiment d'efficacité personnelle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67072.
Full textUNESCO (2017) affirms that inclusive education allows recognizing education for everyone as a fundamentalprinciple that promotes students’ success in school. In order to achieve it, governments must review theireducation systems and focus on adaptive teaching practices. In this context, the inclusive education programin Bogota, Colombia was launched in 2017 aimed to enable students with special needs to learn with otherstudents, taking in consideration their abilities. This study proposes an evaluation of the implementation of thisprogram based on an analysis of teachers' adaptation practices according to their perceptions of the programand their sense of self-efficacy. For the analysis, 124 teachers applying the inclusive education programresponded to questionnaires that provided a portrait of the teaching adaptation practices put in place, theirsense of self-efficacy with respect to the implementation of these practices, and describe their perceptions ofthe program. The results show that participants have positive perceptions of the program, a high sense of selfefficacy in implementing adaptive practices, and frequently apply them in response to student specific needs.Furthermore, the consideration of the contextual variables of the program application, in particular the diversityof the specific needs of the students in the class, the teacher's perception of the program as well as theirsense of self-efficacy, make possible to predict a 57% variance in the frequency of use of adaptive practices.These results show the potential of the program and the aspects that need to be improved in itsimplementation. Additional studies to investigate the extent to which students with special needs benefit fromthe implementation of the program should however be carried out.
Córdoba, Aldana John Harold. "Mobilité internationale et dynamiques résidentielles à Bogotá (Colombie)." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939012.
Full textMérienne, Sierra Maricel. "Le Processus de l'enfant de la rue, ses implications et sa relation avec la problématique infantile colombienne." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0056.
Full textIn spite of being a very mediatized theme, and of having been addressed to by many institutions, the problem of children of the street in bagota is far from being solved, and information available has often just contributed to stress a certain image of the child. Our objective was to address the problem in a different way, by locating ourselvesin a group of children of the street during three years and by trying to understand their subculture through participating observation. It was thus possible to determine the specific process which leads to the state of "child of the street", and how the children develop strategies in order to survive. The analisis of institutions related with the child confirmed that society always tries to integrate these children without taking account of this socialization process, by depreciating their subculture and by punishment. Thus, the child rejects institutions or faces unreal alternatives. Therefore, we decided to analyse the problem by entering one of the poor suburbs of bagota. There, the child of the street just appears as one of the many facets of a much wider problem which affects most of the children, without alternative to reproducing poverty
Montoya, Jhon Williams. "Bogotá : crecimiento urbano y cambio morfológico, 1538-2010." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29063/29063.pdf.
Full textLopez, Rieux Claudia Ximena. "L' aménagement participatif, entre injonction et co-construction : l'expérience de la création du Parc Entre Nubes à Bogotá (Colombie)." Toulouse 2, 2009. https://hal-univ-tlse2.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01517112.
Full textLa tesis analiza y define el ordenamiento participativo, a partir de un estudio de caso —un parque ecológico metropolitano de montaña— dentro del contexto internacional. Interpela los paradigmas de lo local y de espacio público y señala el nexo entre democracia, tecnocracia y urbanismo. La tesis trata las relaciones entre el individuo, la colectividad y el espacio, revelando la importancia de las representaciones sociales del Otro y del lugar en la construcción territorial multi-escalas. El enfoque histórico invita a utilizar de preferencia la expresión "participación de actores sociales" en la cual el compromiso del sujeto es importante, en vez de participación ciudadana. El estudio se inscribe en el contexto de la urbanización y de la aparición y extensión de periférias pobres en las grandes ciudades y se interroga sobre la ilegalidad o informalidad de su estatus y origen asi que sobre la influencia de las politicas publicas. Se identifican dos procesos paralelos de producción y apropiación territorial, exponiendo aquello que los actores ponen en juego al fijar la reglamentación. A pesar de los esfuerzos de los expertos, portadores de un lenguaje legítimo, para guardar la hegemonía en el ordenamiento, se hace evidente la capacidad de acción y las competencias de los demás actores. El ordenamiento partipativo entre coerción e iniciativa, es llamado a ir más allá del estado de información para llegar a la acción conjunta, sabiendo que el conflicto es esencial y que no hay lugar para el anonimato
The dissertation focuses on participative regional planning through a case study of an Ecological Metropolitan Mountain Park in Bogotá. Taking an international perspective, it addresses issues of local scale and public sphere and emphasizes the relationships between democracy, technocracy and regional planning. The study explores the relationships between the individual and the collective and their spatial practices and stresses the importance of the social representation of the other and the place within the multi-scalar process of territorial construction. Based on an historical analysis, the study points out that participation should be analyzed in terms of commitment of social actors and individuals rather than in terms of citizen participation. The study is carried out within the broader context of urbanization and the emergence of sprawling and deprived neighborhoods in the peripheries of major cities. Stressing the issues of illegality and informality, it questions the origin and status of these peripheries and assesses the influence of public policies. The study highlights two parallel processes of territorial production and appropriation by identifying the challenges confronting the actors as they set up the rules. Despites the attempts of the experts, who are using legitimate language, to maintain their hegemony the capacity of action and the competences of other actors become increasingly visible. Caught between injunction and initiative, participative planning is bound to move beyond a mere information phase and to engage into concerted action while being aware that conflict is an essential part of the process and that there is no place for anonymity
Gouëset, Vincent. "La concentration urbaine en Colombie : de la "quadricéphalie" à la primatie de Bogota : 1930-1990." Bordeaux 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR30049.
Full textSalas, Vanegas Andrea. "Ségrégation résidentielle et production du logement à Bogotá, entre images et réalités." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00303317.
Full textCamacho, Bonilla Aureliano. "«On ne vend pas la terre», Une zone rurale face aux projets d’expansion de Bogotá : contestations, résistances et négociations." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100071.
Full textAt the end of the nineties, the urban transformations produced by processes such as decentralization, which helped to strengthen local governments, and the worldwide diffusion of models of "good governance", profoundly affected the cities and their spaces, seen as recipients of the phenomenon of globalization. Bogotá did not escape these restructuring that affected it at different levels, causing forms of interactions and tensions between different actors. These interactions led to diverse, complex and conflicting situations.On the one hand, this research aims to examine how the intervention of public action through urban projects that propose participation mechanisms, responds to the needs of the inhabitants of the Bogota City, on the other hand, this interventions its generates new resources and forms of collective action. The analysis of the interactions between public actors and opposition groups in regards to territorial planning reveals a series of demands and innovative action repertoires of the mobilized inhabitants.The starting point of numerous studies and researches is the observation of public policy. In a different way this study has privileged the perspective ‘‘from below’’. It means an analysis of the territorial transformation of the city related to the role of the inhabitants as actors that create collective management strategies, resistance, and participation
Hellebrandova, Klara. "Devenir afrodescendant à Bogotá Catégories, expériences et entreprises d’identification ethno-raciale en Colombie à l’ère multiculturelle." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0009/document.
Full textRace is as much social as an analytical category. Its duality represents a challenge for researchers interested in power relations within racialized societies. To study how race is simultaneously reproduced and contested in Colombia’s multicultural racial order, I set out to analyze social actors whose discourses and practices, in interaction with official institutions, contribute to reproduce and transform race and the racial orders within which they are embedded. My focus is on the identity entrepreneurship of racized social and political actors who participate in both the reproduction and transformation of the multicultural racial order. From ethnic leaders to researchers, these actors are many and diverse. Although they may all be described as racial entrepreneurs, this dissertation is centered on a specific group of young Afro-descendants from Bogotá, many of whom come from mixed-race families, are college-educated, are experiencing upward social mobility, and are working with black rights advocacy organizations in Colombia. I will show the importance of these factors for their identification as Afro-descendants through an analysis of their discourses and identity processes. They reproduce and contest the multicultural framework of which they are excluded by broadening the ethnic conception of the Black population to a conception that is directly linked to the historical experience of racism and racialization, one that is embedded within the global context of the African diaspora. Finally, by turning to an intersectional approach, through the analysis of their family and intimate relationships, I will demonstrate how privacy is politicized and politics privatized, to account for the central position of the body and of whiteness in both the racialization process and the strategies that aim at challenging it
Avendaño, Arias Johan Andrés. "Representaciones territoriales de inseguridad, delincuencia y miedo en el espacio urbano de Bogotá : formas simbólicas de apropiación y vivencialidad de la ciudad." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0079.
Full textThe representations and the imaginary ones of the urban insecurity in Bogota, determine the ways of experiencing the city, the spaces of life and the social dynamics. For it, in this thesis, one has resorted to the analysis of the public policies, the descriptive statistics, the mental maps and the social cartography, to understand how such spatial representations are constructed, or since he has proposed in this thesis, the toporepresentations of the insecurity in Bogota. This way, there was analyzed the speech of the state authorities, of the citizens, of the men, the women, the children; and ultimately some of the authors were characterized of the toporepresentaciones of urban insecurity of the city
López, Bejarano Maria del Pilar. "« Hommes fainéants et indolents, femmes dissolues. . . » : paresse et travail à Santa Fé de Bogota (Nouvelle-Grenade), XVIIIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0017.
Full textThis research explores different aspects of the historical problematic of labour relationships and of the accusations for laziness against people, during the late eighteenth century in the city of Santa Fe of Bogota (New Grenade). In this regards, it approaches the local and urban reforms of the eighteenth century, (The Burbonic Reforms) crossing different levels of analysis from the general position of the Spanish American Colonies within the set of Spanish possessions, to the particular forms of work of the habitants of the city. The perspective adopted is based on a conception of social interactions centred on practices; tensions, agreements, disagreements that defined through their developments the balances of power. It is particularly focused on the mestizo social dynamic that expresses the contradictions of a hybrid social formation, as well as the consequences of ancient regime colonization
Gonzalez, Perez Marcos. "Fête et nation colombienne : imaginaires sociaux à Bogota aux 18e et 19e siècles." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081214.
Full textThis work deals with an analysis of the role, place and scope of the festivities in the process of the construction of te nation in xviiith and xixth centuries. This study deals as well with the elaboration of a typology of the different festivities, in colombia, related to the concept of nation in order to explicit the sociabili- tis and associations related to the different types of the social imaginaries represented in these ceremonies
Forero-Rodriguez, Diana Elvira. "Multidimensionnalité de l'opportunisme ex post dans les échanges interfirmes et les implications sur sa gouvernance : le cas du petit commerce de détail à Bogota (Colombie)." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUED002.
Full textThe purpose of this paper is to show a classification of ex post opportunistic behavior, their multiple dimensions and the main antecedents and consequences that impact in such opportunism manifestations, and from there, understand the possibilities offers by governance mechanisms used by firms to control prevent or protect themselves against such behavior. Using an interpretive approach through the method of hermeneutics, we made a qualitative study involving 120 interviews with suppliers and distributors, in order to address the multiple dimensions of opportunistic behavior ex post distribution channels and implications for the governance of commercial trade. Three central aspects were explored: first, existing types of opportunistic behavior, their description and categorization; Second, the context behind the origin of these behaviors or the opportunism antecedents; and third, the implications of the actions or mechanisms of corporate governance in response to this type of behavior and their consequences in commercial trade relations. This approach showed, that it was necessary to address a more exhaustive definition of opportunism and types of ex post opportunistic behavior, thus, it is presented as four distinct forms of opportunism with features, events, history and different consequences for firms. Finally, we present the implications of the study for the governance of opportunism, the general conclusions and some suggestions for future studies
Arango, Alejandro. "Le système symbolique et le processus de modernisation des indiens Kogui-Arsario (Colombie)." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081406.
Full textWe had studied the kogui-arsario indians, one of the ethnic groups of the sierra nevada de santa marta, their actual cultural system and their social development. At the first part, by an historiographic research, we have consider the social impact of the spanish colonisation and the importance of the catholic missions at this period. At the second part, we had done an ethno-linguistic research about the representations system; we had know the singularities and the commons characteristics with the others societies of the country. We had studied: the notion of the person, the perception of the nature and the holy, the rituals practices. At the third part, we had developed an analyse of the coca ritual, that the kogui-arsario conserve like a fundamental one
Mestré, de Caro Maria del Pilar. "Pronoms de deuxième personne : dynamiques d'emploi en espagnol de Bogota." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H110.
Full textThis research is concerned with the study of the pronouns of address in Spanish from Bogota: usted, tu, vos and sumerce. Macro and micro sociolinguistic approaches are articulated by associating a quantitative study (300 surveys) and a qualitative study (radio and cinema conversations). We also analyze the pronominal form alternation, which consists in the switching from a pronoun to another in the same exchange, with the same interlocutor. These changes are interpreted through the analyses of J. Gumperz about the "code - switching". Our thesis is also based on studies of P. Trudgill and others (P. Kerswill, D. Tuten), about "dialect contact". Interactions between speakers from various dialects of Colombia in Bogota give evidence that in spite of the canonical uses of personal pronouns, where the usted and the tu overlay pragmatic values, similar to the French vous and tu, the allocutionary system in Bogota is moreover characterized by an instability in the use of these forms
Puerta, Silva Claudia Patricia. "Les indiens wayúu et le projet minier du Cerrejón en Colombie : stratégies et politiques de reconnaissance et d'identité." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0391.
Full textThe Cerrejón mine is the world's biggest open-pit coal exploitation that came into being in the late 1970s due to an association between the Colombian State and an American multinational in the late 70s. The mine transformed the living conditions of a large number of communities. The Cerrejón is a geo-politico-e'conomic project of the multinationals and the State, and ont of Indians. Nevertheless, it has produced a relational space in which the Wayuu built discursive and paractical strategies towards an articulation with the project based on the construction of an identity politics in negotiation with politics of recognition, defined by the Multinational and the State. The politics of recognition and of identity are based essentially on arguments concerning territorial rights; recognition of ethnicity; the legitimation of leaders, and, finally, the autonomous definition of local aspirations within the framework of developmental politics
Zuleta, Ruiz Fabián Adolfo Beethoven. "Le catholicisme et la réinvention territoriale des institutions sociales en Colombie (XVIIe-XXe siècles) : le cas d'Antioquia." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0365.
Full textThis investigation pretends to comprehend the logic of the cultural device production and its application with the logic of the institutional instructor tied to the power exercises forms and the constitution of a governmental system in which the Catholic Church and the Catholicism are sediment as hegemonic factors. The timeline of this institutional historic education process with the catholic seal was elaborated taking in account an [sic] specific territory of the Western Colombian Andinian region: Antioquai, where Catholics had a singular but expansive influence, which had a deep influence in the state Constitution and in the national governmental institutions of Colombia. The methodology adopted in this process consist in putting in to the perspective of the dynamic historiography of the institutions y [sic] its spatiotemporal representations to undertake a critical anthropophilosophical concepts and categories which have been characterized by social relations that have taken part in a mediated process and eperimental culture of inventiveness
Ortiz, Bernal José Afranio. "Les rébellions paysannes en Colombie : histoire et question agraire (1920-1990)." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA08A002.
Full textIn this study, we are more interested in the history of the social actors than in the history of the state. Our objective is making the difference between each other even though they are intermixed. We are working on the principle that men and economy are the producers of politics, and as a consequence make the history and the ideologies society is made of. We want to reinstate the farmer world and the farmer class in society, to know their vision of the world, their behaviors and values, their organization and their extended fight through its vital lead: soil and rebelion. Other questions come when Colombians and foreigners touch on the country. What have been the causes of the invicibility of the Colombian guerilla for more than 35 years? What is the real disability of agricultural production in a country whose economy had lived on coffee for a long time and that got industrialized thanks to it? Why and how did illegal cultivation grow in the country? Why is there an extended and permanent war that has caused so much violence and made it possible to raise huge fortunes? Why is there impunity and political/democratical blockade in a country that knew only a few military coups? This set of questions urges us on going more about the national problem through the social conflicts and, in particular, the development and the public action of the farmer class
Rodríguez, Prada María Paola. "La création du Musée national de Colombie (1823-1830) : l'influence scientifique d'un modèle français." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010661.
Full textForero, Londoño Fernando Oscar. "La violence scolaire comme problème public : une construction sociale, un discours officiel et des trajectoires des jeunes : une étude de cas." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL010/document.
Full textIt is postulated in this research study, that scholar violence does not exist as a social problem with objective conditions that establish it like something unique of unusual scholar contexts in opposition to ordinary scholar situations. In another way, it is set out as a premise that it is possible to understand the scholar violence like the social structure of a public problem in the educational field. In other words, the research is a perception scheme that visualize a particular way of observing the social relations that students live at school. It is estimated the comprehensive effort arguing that like an expression of an official perception scheme about an educational public problem, the scholar violence unvisualize the social experiences in school young where it is discovered that violence at school is the demonstration of deep disparities of economic and social structures that produce, among others, alarming decline social processes. Thus, since a relational perspective we connect the social conditions of scholar violence production like a social problem and the social experiences of students in youthful condition taking into account the following sociological question: What relation does exist between the social conditions of scholar violence production and the students´ social experiences in youthful condition?
Borda, Carulla Susana. "Protection de l'enfance et régulation sociale en Colombie : ethnologie des foyers communautaires à Ciudad Bolívar (Bogotá)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05H007.
Full textThe community homes are social child day-care centres, co-managed by the Colombian State and the community, which operate since the 1980s in the vulnerable neighbourhoods of the big Colombian cities. The woman of the house cares for about fifteen children and thus becomes a community mother. The resources provided by the State are managed by associations which gather about twenty community homes. This research studies both the evolution of the community homes on the public scene, and the daily life of the members of an association of beneficiaries of the programme. The author combines the study of a legal corpus which regulates the operation of the community homes and an ethnography conducted in an underprivileged neighbourhood in the southern periphery of Bogotá. With the support of the social regulation theory, the analysis sheds light on the central role played by the community homes in the process of construction of the Colombian nation : within a society burdened by an internal war, child protection is presented as the cornerstone of national integration, a supreme moral value and a lever of social development. The translation into domestic law of the principle of the child's best interest, taken from international legislation, facilitates the institutionalisation of such values. Yet, in the name of these values, the fundamental rights of the community mothers, who have a status of volunteers, and not of employees, are neglected by the State : the community mothers mobilise in order to claim their rights and obtain conclusive results. The mechanisms by which these women are empowered, around their daily child care activities, are exposed. The values associated to child protection thus appear as the bedrock and the driving force of the empowerment of two antagonist social actors : the Colombian State and the community mothers. The light shed on this mechanism, as well as its global anchorage, is intended as a contribution to contemporary anthropology and sociology of childhood. This research also nourishes the juridical debates on the principle of the best interest of the child
Los hogares comunitarios son guarderías gestionadas por el Estado colombiano y por la comunidad, que funcionan en casas de familia en los barrios vulnerables de las grandes ciudades de Colombia desde los años 1980. El ama de casa cuida de una quincena de niños y se convierte así en madre comunitaria, y los recursos puestos a disposición por el Estado son gestionados por asociaciones que agrupan alrededor de veinte hogares comunitarios. Esta tesis estudia a la vez la evolución de los hogares comunitarios en la escena pública, y la vida cotidiana de los miembros de una asociación de beneficiarios del programa. La autora combina el estudio de un corpus de normas jurídicas que regulan el funcionamiento de los hogares comunitarios y una etnografía realizada en un barrio desfavorecido de la periferia sur de Bogotá. Con el apoyo de la teoría de la regulación social, el análisis pone en evidencia el lugar central ocupado por los hogares comunitarios en el proceso de construcción de la nación colombiana: en una sociedad atravesada por una guerra intestina, la protección de la infancia es erigida en motor de la integración nacional, en valor moral supremo y en palanca para el desarrollo social. La traducción en derecho interno del principio del interés superior del niño, que tiene su origen en el derecho internacional, facilita la institucionalización de dichos valores. Ahora bien, en nombre de estos últimos, los derechos fundamentales de la madres comunitarias, que tienen un estatus de benévolas y no de empleadas, son desatendidos por el Estado : las madres comunitarias se movilizan para reivindicar sus derechos y obtienen resultados contundentes. Se exponen los mecanismos de empoderamiento de estas mujeres alrededor de las actividades cotidianas de cuidado de los niños, al igual que los efectos imprevistos del programa en campo. Los valores asociados a la protección del niño aparecen así como base y como motor del empoderamiento de dos actores sociales antagónicos : el Estado colombiano y las madres comunitarias. La descripción de ese dispositivo y de su anclaje global constituye una contribución metodológica a la antropología y a la sociología de la infancia contemporáneas. La tesis alimenta también los debates jurídicos alrededor del principio del interés superior del niño
Perez, Federico. "Urbanism as Warfare: Planning, Property, and Displacement in Bogotá." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11642.
Full textAnthropology
Beuf, Alice. "Les centralités à Bogotá, entre compétitivité urbaine et équité territoriale." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00612768.
Full textArango, López Diego. "Villes capitales en projet : histoire comparative de l'urbanisme moderne : Bogota Buenos Aires. 1920-1955." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0058.
Full textThis research analyzes the simultaneous establishment of three urbanism projects in Bogota and three projects in Buenos Aires between 1920 and 1955. It explores the general characteristics of urbanism projects themselves and seeks primarily to understand the political and social transformations of both cities throughout the history of the projects within this time period. The comparative perspective used here required research in différent archives and libraries of Bogota, Buenos Aires and Paris. A diverse documentary corpus has been constituted with technical, administrative, political, personal, journalistic and other documents. This research allows us to understand how the establishment of similar projects triggers divergent social developments in two different societies. It also analyzes the power struggles between different social and political associations, with focus on the mechanisms used to reinforce their social standing and their action strategies. The research contributes to the reflection on the process of co-production of modem urbanism and proposes a new mode of analysis to understand the urban history of Latin America
Geoffroy, Agnès de. "Aux marges de la ville, les populations déplacées par la force : enjeux, acteurs et politiques : étude comparée des cas de Bogotá (Colombie) et de Khartoum (Soudan)." Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/152360883#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textPeople forcibly displaced or internally displaced (Internally Displaced Persons, IDPs) are persons "who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border", according to the United Nations. While the State is theoretically the first and the last responsible for those populations, the interest of the international community towards them has continuously grown during the last twenty years and an increasingly sophisticated humanitarian response system was elaborated. A comparative study between the situations in Khartoum and Bogotá analyses the problems and questions raised by the massive settlement of IDPs into urban areas, as well as the issues that form around these populations, the intervening actors and the strategies they adopt. If, in Bogotá, the policies and the aid system are deeply rooted in and structured by the restitution of human rights, adopting a social and individual approach, in Khartoum, the political response is intrinsically a security and spatial one. However that may be, in both situations, IDPs represent a strongly conflictive and tense issue between the different types of committed actors, whether they are political or humanitarian
Escobar, Villegas Juan Camilo. "Les élites intellectuelles en Euroamérique : imaginaires identitaires, hommes de lettres, arts et sciences à Medellin et en Antioquia (Colombie) : 1830-1920." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0009.
Full textThis research deals with the history of imaginaires identitaires in Colombia, particulary in the Antioquia region as seen though the texts and images that the intellectual elites, mostly located in Medellin, produced between 1830 and 1920. We have discovered the constant presence of an identity discourse which strongly emphasized "the Antioqueña race". We propose a research which does not overlook the relationship between the local, global, regional, national and international dimensions. That is why we have focused on the intellectual formation of the elites taught us that the idea of nation was not overwhelmingly present. They led us to think that the idea of region may sometimes be more powerful. In fact, the cities appear as the concrete worlds in the name of which men and women build their history. Therefore, we came to the conclusion that, for the elites of the nineteenth century, the material "progress" of the cities and the "civilizing processes" of everyday life were more important than the formation of what was known as national states. Consequently, a certain common structure linked the cities concerned to the "civilizing project". But one can also speak a long history of exchanged glances and contacts which developed according to the comings and goings of tastes, practices, ideas and of the people of Euroamerica who were attached to the great ideal of the nineteenth century : having a powerful imaginaire identitaire, which is one of the most crucial components of this idea of "progress and civilisation"
Aldana, Acosta Andrea Carolina. "Impact de trois interventions : méthode mère kangourou, massage en incubateur et massage en position kangourou sur la croissance et le développement des enfants prématurés nés à moins de 33 semaines d'âge gestationnel." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27192.
Full textThis research aims to study the impact of interventions by parents in the neonatal intensive care unit. More specifically, the first objective is to document the differential effects of the Kangaroo Mother Care «KMC» with or without the Massage Incubator «MI» or Massage Kangaroo Position «MKP» and Traditional Care «TC» with or without Massage in the Incubator «MI» on physical growth as measured by the weight, height and head circumference during a period of 5 to 15 days in the neonatal unit and impact at 40 weeks gestational age. The second objective is to compare, in children who benefit from the «KMC» value added « MKP» or «MI» on neurodevelopment at 6 and 12 months corrected age of the child. A total sample of 198 children and their families was recruited as follows in three hospitals in Bogota. In each hospital, 66 subjects were randomly assigned to two conditions. These hospitals were selected to test the effects of various experimental conditions and reduce bais selection. In each hospital, two techniques were randomly assigned. In the first hospital, « KMC & MKP» vs. «KMC & MI». In the second, «KMC without massage» vs. « KMC & MI»." In the third, «MI» was compared to «TC» which implies a lack of continuous physical contact babies with their parents. The results reported in the first article are the effect that in the first hospital, there is a compensatory effect of the intervention «KMC & MKP» on the physiological loss of the child's weight early in the first 15 days of life with an impact on weight at 40 weeks of gestational age, the duration of the kangaroo carry and the total hospital stay. No effect on head circumference or size is not appeared. In the second hospital, no significant difference was reported for the weight except when the intervention is started after the 10th day of life while «MMK» child seems to grow better than the «MMK with MI». Finally, in the third hospital there is no effect of massage on anthropometric variables, the group with «MI» slower magnifying a slight impact on weight at 40 weeks. This could be due to the heat loss due to the opening of the incubator when the child is very immature. In the second article, the 66 children from the hospital were randomly assigned to the group « KMC & MKP» vs. the group «KMC & MI », completed at 6 and 12 months corrected age, a neuro-development test, Griffiths. The 6-month results show no difference between the 2 interventions, but 12 months on IQ seems dependent on the number of days of hospitalization of the child, the hospital stay is the time it takes for the child to stabilize physically and also corresponds to the time taken by the mother and child to adapt to the kangaroo method. Once the successful adaptation kangaroo, the mother child dyad out with the child still in the kangaroo position. The hospitalization time is the time it takes for the child to learning the MMK by the mother. At 12 months both groups showed equivalent results, but positive differences emerged for the group «KMC & MKP'' in the subscale Coordination Oculo Manual and Hearing and Language Test Grffiths. Overall, the results suggest that the practice of two non-traditional interventions may help improve physical growth in our cohort. The baby's weight gain in particular is affected by the intervention MKP (Hospital 1) or without the addition of massage (2 Hospital). Moreover, the incubator massage has no significant difference compared to «TC», these interventions, however, have a minor impact (trends) on the neuro development at 6 and 12 months corrected age in this study.
Peña, Reyes Luis Berneth. "La sécurisation de la cité : politiques publiques, actions collectives et pratiques individuelles dans une métropole latino-américaine : Bogota (Colombie)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20056/document.
Full textThis research analyzes the actions of public institutions, community-based organizations and ordinary people intended to address problems of insecurity in Bogotá (Colombia), mainly in poor neighborhoods. Although the context of insecurity is studied, this research is focused on the actions of securitization in this city, i.e., actions that give life to the process of building urban security. It starts showing the agreements and the divergences about security issues between the national and the local levels of government. It observes that representations´ people about crime problems in poor neighborhoods are permeable to the public controversies about security which use to adopt a very polarized character in ideological terms. In one extreme, the people appropriate this debates in order to justify authoritarian attitudes or, on the contrary, to vindicate other senses of security based on the respect of human rights, like in the case of social organizations. Regardless of the ideological positions, the analysis of everyday practices shows that living in Bogotá involve to exercise and to be submitted to a series of surveillance practices which shape a type of sociability that can be called securonormativy. The research remarks that the actions of securitization are embedded in the everyday appropriation of space, in the conceptions of space, the territorial disputes and the creation of meanings of place
Esta investigación analiza las acciones de instituciones públicas, organizaciones sociales populares y personas del común destinadas a enfrentar los problemas de inseguridad en Bogotá (Colombia), principalmente, en barrios populares. Si bien se explora el contexto de inseguridad en este país y en esta ciudad, el interés está puesto en las acciones de securización, es decir, las acciones que le dan vida al proceso de construcción de seguridad urbana. Muestra los acuerdos y las divergencias que existen entre la escala nacional y la escala local (el distrito capital de Bogotá) sobre políticas de seguridad. Señala también que las representaciones de la gente sobre los problemas de delincuencia en los barrios populares son permeables a las controversias públicas sobre la seguridad que, en términos muy polarizados a nivel ideológico, contraponen actitudes autoritarias junto a acciones colectivas destinadas a reivindicar derechos humanos. Independientemente de las posturas ideológicas, encontramos que vivir en Bogotá implica estar sometido y ejercer una serie de prácticas de vigilancia que configuran un tipo de sociabilidad urbana que llamamos securonormatividad. Todo el análisis puso en evidencia que las acciones de securización participan de las apropiaciones espacio-temporales cotidianas, de las concepciones del espacio, de las disputas territoriales y de la creación de sentidos de lugar
Correa, Mauricio. "Analyse comparative du développement organisationnel des mouvements étudiants dans deux métropoles d'Amérique Montréal et Bogotá (1954-1964)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5682.
Full textDelord, Amandine. ""Lorsque l'enfant paraît", rencontres, liens et ruptures : une approche anthropologique des adoptions en Colombie." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016420.
Full textDieye, Rokhaya. "Three essays on social interactions and education : theory and application." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26041.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to investigate identification of peer effects and their application on a large set of outcomes, going from school attendance to obesity. The relevance of this research relies on three main points: 1) it allows better measurrement of effects stemming from social interactions, thus providing some answer to the numerous econometric issues that make the study of peer effects a lot challenging; 2) it improves our comprehension of negative social phenomena, including the incidence of school dropouts and obesity; 3) it proposes better public policies aiming at fighting against such phenomena by exploiting social network effects that contribute to amplify them. The different objectives of this thesis are investigated in three different chapters. The first chapter proposes a new strategy for estimating the influence of the social network on individual decisions in a network context using randomized experiments. It combinates the structural social network model developed by Bramoullé et al. [2009] and randomized experiments. New identification conditions that mostly require balance in the characteristics of friends between treatment and control groups are provided. The model is estimated and validated on experimental data collected for the evaluation of a scholarship program in Colombia. By design, randomization is at the student-level. Friendship data reveals that treated and untreated students interact together. Besides providing evidence of peer effects in schooling, the chapter concludes that ignoring peer effects would have led to an overestimation of the program actual impact. The aim of the second chapter is to propose a model that accounts for heterogeneity in peer effects between individual categories in a network setting. Identification conditions of a network-based interactions model that generalizes the one proposed by Bramoullé et al. [2009] are derived, and heterogeneity of peer effects is allowed within and between categories of individuals. Using the Add-Health dataset, the study explores heterogeneity in adolescents weight using both gender and racial categorizations. The results show that the positive endogenous effect found using the homogeneous model is actually heterogeneous when considering both gender and racial categorizations, as for example, females seem to be more influenced by their female friends than by their male friends. While the first two chapters consider friendship networks in an attempt to identify the effects that result from social interactions, the third chapter considers the course-overlaps network. The model is local agregate and has the feature, unlike other studies of peer effects, that the interaction matrix accounts for the extensive and intensive margins. Interactions of this type are better to design school policies. The chapter then proceeds to estimation of peer effects in overall GPA and GPAs in both mathematics and science courses using the Add Heakth and AHAA datasets. The results reveal the presence of positive and significant social interaction effects using both 2SLS and GMM estimation techniques.
Cuervo, Nicolas. "L’inertie et les changements urbains au prisme des prix du logement : Bogota, 1970-2012." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1067/document.
Full textFollowing the evolution of the gaps in housing and land values between seven sectors of Bogotá between 1970 and 2012, this thesis analyzes the scale of urban socio-spatial transformations. By overlapping urban analysis with the study of real estate markets, this analysis deals with the evolution of already-built areas and their housing prices. In contrast with research that emphasizes the depth and rapidity of transformations in Latin American cities during globalization, our findings show that gaps in housing prices from one area to another remain stable. During the period studied, only in the realm of land value gaps in prices between one area and another did actually widen. The statistical analysis of factors explaining the stability of gaps between housing prices from one area to another reveals that overall stability results from the conjunction of two trends with opposite effects. The spatial diffusion of shopping outlets reduces the gaps in housing prices from one area to another, to the same extent as the symbolic or perceived value of each of these residential areas keeps these gaps in prices entrenched. As for land prices, the densification of buildings explains to some extent the widening gaps in prices between some sectors of the city, but this one factor is not enough to explain the extent of the observed evolutions
Olarte, Bacares Carlos Augusto. "Four essays about the link between improvements of urban transports and criminality in big cities : the case of Bogota." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010003/document.
Full textThe aim of this PhD dissertation is to study and reveal the impact of public transports' improvements on the configuration of the crime on a big city like Bogota. First, this research focuses on a calculation of the number of reachable jobs of bogotanians. The effective size of labor market is computed in order to establish if inhabitants have the same degree of accessibility to jobs with respect to their socio-economic situation and with respect to the presence of enhancements of public transports in zones where they live. The presence of improvements of public transports is defined by the presence of Transmilenio system in each zone of the city. Following the same intuition, this research also study, in a second time, the possible endogeneity of the presence of Transmilenio (TM) on the concentration of jobs and on the income of inhabitants of each zone. More precisely, the aim of this analysis is to determine if improvements of public transports may have a causal relation on the localization of jobs and the concentration of highest incomes in the city. The objective of this investigation is to establish that high incomes, jobs centers may be localized, in a big proportion, because of the presence of TM. Following the hypothesis suggested on several studies regarding the fact that criminals prefer to commit their crimes in zones with high density of jobs and in zones with highest incomes (regardless housing zones or job centers), this dissertation follow, in a thirdly, with an ex-ante and ex-post study of the evolution of cNme with respect to the opening of Transmilenio in each zone. The goal ofthis analysis is to establish a causal relation of enhancements of public transports on the evolution of five different types of crimes in each zone. Because of the weakness of available data, results are unfortunately not conclusive but give us an appropriate approximation of the impact that Transmilenio system may have on crime configuration. These results lead to make, on a final instance, a causal analysis for the year on which we have whole data. Results are conclusive: a causal relationship of Transmilenio on three of five types of crime object of this study is confirmed. ln addition, a spatial dependence on the concentration of crimes is also confirmed. It appears that, regardless the positive impacts that it could have, the presence of Transmilenio and hence, the enhancements of public transports in different zones of Bogota make raise sorne kinds of crimes. Even if this research presents sorne limitations that should be solved on future studies, the way how the issue is analyzed provides new perspectives for the comprehension of sorne negative consequences that can thwart positive objectives of urban transport policies. We believe that this PhD dissertation contributes to complement the studies about the effect of urban transports
Gil, Guzman Mario. "El desarrollo de disposiciones durables a la acción colectiva : un estudio de caso sobre la escuela comunidad Instituto Cerro del Sur (ICES)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24201.
Full textThis is a qualitative investigation, based in the area of sociology of education. This is a case study developed during the year 2010 in the “Cerros Sur” institute. This study aims to show de development of sustainable dispositions in collective action in relation to formal education- Social movements. To do so, we have confronted concepts found in popular education, describing it as a freeing education, with those who describe formal education as a system that reproduces cultural domination, in the case of Bourdieu.
Esta es una investigación cualitativa, en el campo de la sociología de la educación, particularmente es un estudio de caso que se desarrollo en 2010 en el instituto cerros del sur, con el objetivo de dar cuenta del desarrollo de disposiciones durables a la acción colectiva, en la relación escuela formal – movimientos sociales. Para hacerlo hemos confrontado los conceptos de la educación popular, como educación liberadora, con aquellos que describen la escuela formal como reproductora de la cultura dominante, en el caso de Bourdieu.
Sanchez, Silva Luisa Fernanda. ""De totumas y Estantillos". Procesos migratorios, dinámicas de pertenencia y de diferenciación entre la Gente de Centro (Amazonia colombiana)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030179/document.
Full textDuring the years 80, Colombian government returns the Predio Putumayo to its early inhabitants, The People of the Center, giving form to the biggest indigenous reservation of the country. This crucial act was not only the end of a long dispute between the indigenous people, the extractive enterprises and the state. It was also interpreted as a revolution in the traditional citizenship representations. However, if we look carefully to this process of territorial and politic recognition we will notice a simultaneous reality: the migration of hundreds of women to the cities of the country. This was a non-return trip from the little towns of the rain-forest‘s rivers to the unknown national cities. The experience of these pioneers‘ women built the bases of a solid migration network that today spreads out to the main cities of Colombia. Why did they leave their territory now that she counted –at least formally- with a political and cultural autonomy? Was their migratory decision a renunciation to the ―generalized difference‖ proclaimed by the multicultural discourse? The migrations project of those who left their region in that first time is it similar from the one of those who leaves today? This dissertation tries to answer to these questions through a reconstruction of the migration processes of The People of the Center to Leticia and Bogotá during the last 30 years. Then, it analyses the different strategies of migrant‘s urban insertion in the context of multiculturalism as the privileged administration mode between the indigenous people and the societies of departure and destination
Lomné, Georges. "Le lis et la grenade : mise en scène et mutation imaginaire de la souveraineté à Quito et Santafé de Bogotá (1789-1830)." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0183.
Full textCunin, Elisabeth. "Métissage et multiculturalisme dans les sociétés post-esclavagistes : entre différence et ressemblance. Colombie, Mexique, Belize." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01053065.
Full textLopez, Karen. "Une étude de la notion de développement chez les Wayuu de La Guajira colombienne." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0470.
Full textThe Wayuu have adotped with or without resistance the phenomena related to socioeconomic developement. In spite of cultural changes, the Wayuu continue to practise their traditions such as the interpretation of dreams, the mediation of conflict or the use of the wayuu language, the wayuunaiki. The construction of our work leads us therefore to underscore the ambivalence of the Wayuu which manifest itself, on one hand, by the adhesion to the model based on exteriority, individuality, science, technology, acquisition and accumulation of objects in order to "be better", on the other hand, by attachment to their society based on infinite responsibility and the accomplishment of the wayuu custom in order to "feel good" or "be at ease". The political competition among the Wayuu facilitates interactions with the national society and integration into western developement, for this offers the social competition intended to show differences. One of the results of this integration is the emergence of new identities: Wayuu/Wayuu, Wayuu of mixed origins, Wayuu living in towns, Wayuuliving near frontiers, Wayuu living in syncretism, Wayuu/militant. We can hear a wayuu doctor or worker saying that he is Wayuu or see some Wayuu living in towns practise the sukuwaipa wayuu, the custom or the wayuu way of life. In fact most of the Wayuu integrated in western developement come nack on their territory and buy animals. It is thus a relative integration. The maternal filiation and sociopolitical and socioeconomic practices remain the principal answers to the question "what it is to be Wayuu?"
Paulhiac, Perez Juan Camilo. "Les (dés)accords de la Champeta : musique, spectacle médiatique et politiques de réconciliation nationale en Colombie entre 1991 et 2011." Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083511.
Full textThis thesis reports on the transformation of creative and discursive regimes of the musical and spectacular phenomenon of champeta in Colombia between 1991 and 2011. Firstly, we analyze the development of a "cultural system" (Geertz 1983) around champeta music through the interactions of the Colombian press, academic papers, cultural administrations, and the music industry. We study the transformation of champeta’s cultural status, from a « popular » music into a « multicultural » phenomenon as a response to the social expectations engendered by the social history of violence in Colombia and in the context of the development of Colombian cultural policies after the 1991 constitutional reform. Afterwards, we put into perspective champeta’s cultural status from a pragmatic point of view. Taking the informal sector of the music market in the city of Cartagena as a case study, we analyze the Internet’s impact on local production of champeta. We observe how aesthetic inventions and commercial innovations emerge as digital communication technologies evolve, making music production viable in this context. Altogether, these various questions retrace the journey of a "local" spectacular and musical phenomenon through the economic, aesthetic, political and technological scales that characterize its "global" mediation
Gault, Enora. "Sémantique iconographique des sacrifices humains en Colombie préhispanique : Des "développements régionaux" à la conquête espagnole (VIème siècle av. J.-C – XVIe siècle)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040145.
Full textThis research enquires the apparent lack of iconographical display of sacrificial practices in Pre-Hispanic Colombia, while its ethno-historical depictions in the 16th century are as vivid as in the other parts of the continent. The proposed methodology consists of two lines of investigation. The first part offers a multidisciplinary case study on the Muisca culture in the highlands of Bogotá. Their sacrificial images and practices allowed to investigate the link between the sacrificial act and its representation. The second part extends its pattern to a macroscopic iconographical study, with the aim of modelling socio-cultural applications to a wider framework. We presented the chronological, linguistic, territorial and political limits of such work. An inventory of iconographical sources and museum collections, enlarged to the whole Pre-Hispanic Colombian productions, forms the essence of this work. For the Muisca culture itself, an ethno-historical corpus of sources was compiled allowing the revaluation of its archaeological traces, providing a typological classification for each.The study of Muisca sacrificial rituals, in association with their cosmogonical myths, allowed the investigation of a whole symbolic system, supported by both archaeological and iconographical data. By widening our frame of investigation to other iconography production within the frontiers of present day Colombia, we came ton conceive those images as a representative source on specific rites, but also as the vehicle of conceptual symbolisms and as a codified writing system, an object of study in relation to its functional support. This renewed iconographical approach proved that realism is not the only approach to our understanding of images, but also that beyond apparent cultural dissimilarities, the unity of the symbolism stands and governs the cultural productions in various ways, may it be mythological, funerary, architectural, political or iconographical
Arango, Luisa. "Ethnographies de la gestion de l'eau à Tuti (Khartoum, Soudan) et Cano de Loro (Carthagène, Colombie) : histoire, localité et politique dans une perspective d'anthropologie urbaine comparée." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080043/document.
Full textAt the turn of the twentieth century, numerous cities such as Cartagena (Colombia) and Khartoum (Sudan), adopted a centralized technical and administrative model for the management of drinking water. Associated since its construction to planned urban development projects, the water network constitutes a political technology and becomes a landmark of urban spatiality, for politicians as well as for technicians and urban dwellers. The compared analysis of access strategies, daily usage, and the role of water in the imagination of two populations with an ambiguous urban status – Caño de Loro (Cartagena) and Tuti (Khartoum) – allows us to approach the social complexity of contemporary cities in the South. The comparison supposes a reflexive orientation that leads us, over and beyond the socio-political dynamics of each context, to critically consider our categories of analysis. In the first part the water network is contextualized in the history of each city, where its recent apparition and setting up rests upon the reinforcement or creation of dense power relations, as well as a new conception of nature, particularly of water. Such relational and political features lead to, in the second part, an understanding of how the materiality of water and its sharing produces particular localities within the urban space. Therefore, the analysis of relations between public and private spheres through everyday water exchanges lets us discuss the relevance of the notion of “collective management” of resources in Cartagena and Khartoum. The third part considers the mechanisms draw on by different actors within the particular context of urban planning to negotiate their margin of action on land and water. It highlights the political dimension of identity categories as well as the transformative power of individual and collective actions in situations where resource management is crossed with individual, local, national, and global logics at the same time
Bénézet, Paul. ""It's our home" : expressions de la relation au territoire des Dane-zaa de Doig River (Colombie-Britannique, Canada)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30279/30279.pdf.
Full textFocused on the concept of land, this master’s degree thesis is a presentation of what this notion represents for a group of hunter-gatherers of western Canada. Settled for thousands of years on the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in North-East British-Columbia and in Alberta, the Dane-zaa (“The Real People”), intimately engaged in their environment, have been developing knowledge and technics adapted to a rational and sustainable land management, generation after generation. However, this relationship does not only concern the exploitation of the resources the land provides, but also the bonds between humans and non-humans who share it. Since the arrival of the first euro-Canadians settlers and the signature of Treaty 8 in 1900 which ordered the creation of a reserve, the land of the Dane-zaa, their “home” and a space of history and memory, has been fragmented and has become the site of political and economic stakes and interests often divergent and which can hardly been reconciled.
Drapeau, Thierry. "Expérimenter l'économie mondiale : ethnographie sociopolitique de la nation Secwepemc de l'époque pré-coloniale au néolibéralisme global." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25269/25269.pdf.
Full textCarrillo, Juan. "Comprendre l’exclusion sociale à la lumière de la reconnaissance : réflexions théoriques sur l’approche d’Axel Honneth et illustration à partir d’une étude de cas à Bogotá." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20002/document.
Full textThe concept of social exclusion might nowadays seem ambiguous and banal, but its underlying processes affect millions of people. The majority of studies in sociology and social policy about the topic mainly analyze its material (and objective) dimension. Despite the progress and importance of these studies, there is also a symbolic (and subjective) dimension to social exclusion – a dimension which has in our opinion only been partially explored and could help to grasp the processes of exclusion from a relational point of view. Our work attempts to examine this symbolic dimension, the moral content of which suggests that exclusion can be perceived as a sign of injustice and more precisely, as a sign of non-recognition.Based on the reflections of the German philosopher Axel Honneth on the notion of recognition, and more precisely on the categories defined as “non-recognition”, we critically draw the theoretical path towards understanding social exclusion in the light of the Honnethian approach to recognition, i.e. towards an analysis of exclusion in terms of non-recognition. Our work also aims to illustrate the link between social exclusion and recognition through a field study consisting of 40 interviews carried out between June 2007 and March 2009 in Bogotá, Colombia. This will not only allow us to analyze the “operational character” of recognition, but more still, to explore to what extent our approach fosters the discovery of new understandings of the process of exclusion, without which a merely “operational” analysis would remain incomplete.The first part of this thesis presents a general overview of the concepts of exclusion and recognition according to the idea that the symbolic dimension of exclusion reveals a moral content that we aim to examine through Axel Honneth’s approach. The second part focuses on examining this moral content as well as the elements that allow an analysis of exclusion following this approach. This analysis is both theoretical and practical as shown by our field study in Bogotá. Finally, the third part uses the interviews to explore to what extent the heuristical potential of the Honnethian approach helps understanding the process of social exclusion
Hoy en día, aunque el concepto de exclusión social es ambiguo, al punto de parecer banal, el proceso al que está asociado afecta millones de personas. La mayoría de los estudios sociológicos y de políticas sociales sobre este proceso suelen hacer énfasis en una dimensión material (y objetiva). Sin embargo, pese a la importancia de estos estudios, existe también una dimensión simbólica (y subjetiva) la cual, desde nuestro punto de vista, no ha sido lo suficientemente explorada y permitiría una mejor comprensión del proceso de exclusión en términos relacionales. Nuestro trabajo busca examinar esta dimensión simbólica tomando en cuenta su contenido moral, el cual sugiere que la exclusión puede ser considerada como el signo de una injusticia, y más aún como el signo de una situación de no reconocimiento.De esta manera, tomando como base las reflexiones del filósofo alemán Axel Honneth sobre la noción de reconocimiento, y de manera más precisa las categorías de “no reconocimiento”, nuestro trabajo marca, con sentido crítico, las pautas del camino teórico que permiten une lectura más precisa de la exclusión social a la luz del estudio honnethiano del reconocimiento, o dicho de otra forma, releva con precisión el camino hacia un análisis de la exclusión social en términos de no reconocimiento. Además, nuestro trabajo busca ilustrar la relación entre exclusión social y reconocimiento por medio de un estudio de caso basado en 40 entrevistas realizadas entre junio de 2007 y marzo de 2009 en Bogotá (Colombia). Dicha ilustración nos permite no sólo analizar el “carácter operativo” del reconocimiento, sino también observar hasta qué punto nuestro trabajo facilita descubrir nuevas comprensiones sobre el proceso de exclusión sin las cuales el análisis “operativo” resulta incompleto.La primera parte presenta una visión global de los conceptos de exclusión y reconocimiento, según la cual la dimensión simbólica de la exclusión revela un contenido moral que proponemos examinar a partir del estudio de Honneth. La segunda parte está consagrada a estudiar dicho contenido moral, así como los elementos que hacen posible un análisis de la exclusión basado en los trabajos de Honneth. Se trata de un análisis teórico ilustrado gracias a un estudio de caso en Bogotá. La tercera parte examina, por medio de una serie de entrevistas, hasta dónde el potencial heurístico de la teoría de Honneth favorece la comprensión del proceso de exclusión social y su eventual atenuación para permitir un análisis más acertado de un fenómeno que requiere considerar su dimensión simbólica, poniendo de presente lo sugerido por el contenido moral que esta tesis expone