Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Anthropologie sociale et culturelle – Niger'
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Lo, Sardo Sébastien. "S'identifier, se matérialiser et se penser Hausa: anthropologie des dynamiques urbaines et islamiques au Niger." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210119.
Full textNotre approche est une ethnographie attentive aux dynamiques de matérialisation des identités, aux pratiques et aux objets par lesquels les personnes et les communautés qui se revendiquent « hausa » rendent effective une telle affirmation.
Il s’agit également d’interroger, dans leur rapport aux dynamiques de l’identité, les flux migratoires, commerciaux et médiatiques qui traversent les espaces urbains et ruraux du Sahel nigérien.
Notre recherche vise à saisir la dynamique d’hausaisation (expansion de la langue hausa et des pratiques perçues comme hausa) qui marque les paysages identitaires du Niger. Cette dynamique est analysée au travers des stratégies de reconversion identitaire de migrants touaregs, le plus souvent de basse classe, implantés dans les villes de Sud. Elle est également illustrée par le peuplement de l’un des quartiers périphériques de Niamey. Cet espace présente, en effet, la caractéristique d’être pris dans une dynamique d’hausaisation qui soit à la fois bien avancée et relativement récente.
Enfin, ces dynamiques sont analysées par le prisme du « réveil islamique » qui, depuis la fin des années 1970, marque le pays Hausa. Il s’agit notamment de montrer comment ce réveil islamique est fonction de la place occupée par le kasar hausa au sein des géographies globales de l’islam contemporain.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Zeebroek, Renaud. "Le calendrier festif et liturgique en Belgique et dans les régions voisines." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/270342.
Full textCissé, Babacar. "La société lébu dans sa profondeur : sociale, culturelle, économique et politique." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080785.
Full textOur work study is developped as following : general history of the lebu, throw their journey in egypt, in the ghana empire, in mauritania and finally in senegal. The social organisation : the role of each of the members (men, women and children). Culture in lebu's society ; its representation in each domain is shown with precision. Religion in lebu's society and the way they used it for political aims by creating a ministery of justice. Political organisation : the philosophy of lebu s traditional politic and its practice under the colonialist rule and, later, in independant senegal. Contribution of the lebu in the economic development of senegal by their different occupations : fishing, agiculture, etc. . . Problem of lands and how comprehension (accord) is always maintained between lebu and both french and senegalease autorities during and after the colonisation. Finally, perspectives of the future. Here, we expose some organisations created by the lebu to assure their local promotion. The best
Djela, Longondjo. "Un système de pensée oublié ?La sorcellerie et ses entours chez les Tetela (RDC)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/312742.
Full textDoctorat en Philosophie
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Biltiau, Jean-Paul. "Diversité des pratiques techniques dans la région du lac Inlé :une analyse multiscalaire des chaînes opératoires de la poterie et de la métallurgie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/257034.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Hoyez, Anne-Cécile. "L'espace-Monde du Yoga. Une géographie sociale et culturelle de la mondialisation des paysages thérapeutiques." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011237.
Full textLes multiples circulations du yoga dans le monde actuel influencent aussi la construction, la pratique et la perception de l'espace-monde. Le yoga prend place dans des lieux précis, construits ou réappropriés selon une interprétation inédite. La topogenèse qui s'opère nous porte alors à renouveler nos regards sur les paysages thérapeutiques, leur mondialisation et leur apport dans la pensée géographique.
Davenel, Yves-Marie. ""Sous le même toit" : affirmation culturelle et intégration citoyenne de la minorité Tatare dans le Kazakhstan contemporain." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0376.
Full textMore than one hundred nationalities make up today's Kazakhstan, a source of pride for the Kazakhstani state, who wishes to be viewed by the international community as amodel for interethnic harmony. The Kazakhstani authorities promote cultural diversity and cultural revival, championing a "multiple re-ethnification" policy, while giving a privileged position to the Kazakh culture. In the menawhile, Kazakhstan's president promotes the idea of a civic nation based on the concept that each ethnic group will pledge allegiance to the new state. The Tatars of Kazakhstan case study highlights the patterns of integration taken by a specific national minority into a young post-soviet multi-ethnic state. The ancient settlement of Tatars gives us the possibility of analysing interethnic relation over a long period of time. Then, it casts a light on present-day strategies of integration. This specificity of the Tatars allows us to understand how ethnic frontier is drawn today. Hence, internal divisions can be analysed, especially between generations, on the perception of ethnicity and on what the future of Tatar nation in Kazakhstan must be. Fieldworks were conducted with Tatars associations striving for cultural revival. Enquiries point out which strategies are used to get access to the public space. Militants strive for the recognition of the right of the Tatars to live in Kazakhstan and the recognition of their own position as actors of interethnic concord. This research tackles the issues of the ways citizenship is being built in a multi-ethnic post-soviet state
Tasia, Edgar. "Du traumatisme à la résilience. Étude de cas socio-anthropologique d’un dispositif thérapeutique indigène de la banlieue centrale de Sydney (Australie)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/278915/3/TASIA.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Fauvel, Aude. "Témoins aliénés et "Bastilles modernes" : une histoire politique, sociale et culturelle des asiles en France (1800-1914)." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0112.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the relationships between the French society and the mentally ill during the nineteenth century. It questions the image of a "psychiatric order". The first part consists of a re-reading of the beginings of psychiatry. It unmasks the fact that the alienists were confronted by violent critics from the begining. These critics intensified in the 1860's : the problem of the destruction of the "modern Bastilles" (asylums) became the battle cry of the republican opposition. Thus the Third Republic opened an era of crisis for mental health. The study of this crisis forms the second part of this thesis. We discover how the anti-alienist movement modified representations of madness, how it weighed on the evolution of the care of the mentally ill and on the psychiatric discipline. The third part deals with the mentally ill and focuses on the way in which patients influenced their own course of history, based on written testimonies or collective actions such as revolts
Richaud-Berthoumieu, Lisa. "Au parc: Performances publiques et théâtralités quotidiennes à Pékin aujourd'hui." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/234699.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Trouillet, Pierre-Yves. "Une géographie sociale et culturelle de l'hindouisme tamoul - Le culte de Murugan en Inde du Sud et dans la diaspora." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564937.
Full textJadinon, Rémy. "Du religieux au commercial: Créativité musicale et circulation numérique dans les compositions des harpistes MITSƆGƆ de la province de la Ngounié au Gabon." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/253703.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Newman, Anneke. "Faith, identity, status and schooling: An ethnography of educational decision-making in northern Senegal." Doctoral thesis, University of Sussex, Falmer, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/319707.
Full textPéters, Alice. "Le traitement de la douleur thérapeutique en milieu hospitalier: interactions quotidiennes entre soignants, patients et proches." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/238295.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Perichon, Laura. "Transformer les relations entre vivants et morts: Propositions pour une clinique ethnopsychologique du deuil contemporain." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/300049.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
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Duchesne, Sylvie. "Pratiques funéraires, biologie humaine et diffusion culturelle en Iakoutie (16e-19e siècles)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30172.
Full textStudy, on the basis of 162 characters from 179 perfectly preserved frozen burials, of the cultural evolution of the settlement of Yakutia from the 16th century to the 19th century. The Yakuts, people from north-eastern Sibe- ria, Turkic speaking, cattle and horse breeders, are surrounded by Siberian speaking people, reindeer herders. Divided into several tribes before the Russian colonization, they will experience in contact with the Russians a "golden age" before being assimilated into the Russian Orthodox culture in the 19th century. Their frozen tombs, with intact cultural and biological data, together with historical data and this particular ecological context place their cultural evolution as an exceptional school case for human-environment interaction and for the human and social sciences. After a descriptive study of the characters, multivariate, descriptive and decisional studies, comparing differences between ages, sexes, lineages, periods, geographical groups, are carried out; it is followed by a phylogenetic analysis. The first analyses demonstrate the economic and religious changes linked to chronological evolution, while phylogeny provides hypotheses on cultural transmission, differentiated according to sex. A phase of synthesis allows us to confirm the southern origins of the Yakut culture, to identify its mechanisms of adaptation, then of evolution in the face of Russian colonization, and finally to recognize its modes of transmission and diffusion that have made it evolve from a traditional way of life to a Russian orthodox way of life
Van, De Weerd Lisa Pomme. "Nederlanders and buitenlanders: A sociolinguistic-ethnographic study of ethnic categorization among secondary school pupils." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/313510/4/TOC.pdf.
Full textDans Néerlandais et étrangers, j'étudie la façon dont les élèves du secondaire à Venlo, ‘classe 3/4b,’ se sont référés aux hiérarchies sociales locales et sociétales, et comment ils ont traité ce sujet, en se catégorisant eux-mêmes et les uns les autres en termes ethniques et en utilisant différents moyens linguistiques. La question de recherche, introduite dans le Chapitre 1, est la suivante: Quelles sont les significations et les fonctions respectives des catégories ethniques et des moyens linguistiques utilisés pour les élèves et les enseignants de la classe 3/4b ?J'ai mené cette étude sur la base des données recueillies pendant neuf mois de travail ethnographique sur le terrain avec les élèves, et en analysant les interactions entre les élèves, les enseignants et moi-même, principalement avec l'analyse de la catégorisation des membres (ACM) et l'analyse de la conversation (AC).À peu près la moitié des élèves de la classe 3/4b sont d'origine étrangère et, bien qu'ils soient nés aux Pays-Bas, ils se classent régulièrement, eux- mêmes et les autres, sous les étiquettes ‘étranger’, ‘Marocain’ et ‘Turc’, et qualifient les autres (mais pas eux-mêmes) de ‘Néerlandais’. Cette catégorisation faisait partie des interactions quotidiennes, que ce soit en se taquinant, en faisant ses devoirs ou en racontant des ragots sur des connaissances. L'utilisation de divers moyens linguistiques (en plus du néerlandais standard, les élèves ont utilisé l'arabe, le berbère, le turc, et les dialectes régionaux de Venlo et Tegelen, entre autres, dans leurs interactions) s'est également avérée importante pour élaborer ces catégories et en discuter.
Doctorat en Langues, lettres et traductologie
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Ouattara, Basile. "Contribution du langage dramatique kpainê à l'éducation sociale en pays Toura (Côte d'Ivoire)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/222054.
Full textThis thesis examined the contribution of the kpainê dramatic language as applied in education of the Toura society. What is the content of this language and how can its educational effectiveness be accounted? In search for a response to this main research question, this study focused on a corpus of 6377 phrases selected in oral context and combined different complementary approaches. In effect, the context of this study is introduced by the use of a pragmatic approach. The second section sought to understand the logic that governs the construction of phrases and texts based on a structuralist approach. The section that proceeds verified the persuasive aptitude of the later approach by means of an augmentative method. The last section of the study closed by an interpretative semiotics. The analysis of the corpus showed that kpainê has a strategic ideological position in the Toura education system due to its dramatic possibilities.
Doctorat en Information et communication
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Labeyrie, Vanesse. "L'organisation sociale des plantes cultivées : influence des échanges, représentations et pratiques sur la diversité du sorgho ( Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) chez les peuples du mont Kenya." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NSAM0041/document.
Full textCrop genetic resources are elaborated by multiple environmental factors in situ, among whichthe human action plays a major role. Seed diffusion and selection are the main humanpractices that influence crop evolution on farm. In addition, in most small-scale farmingsystems, farmers’ practices of seed exchanges and selection are not independent. Indeed, theindividual practices are considerably influenced by the organization of societies that shapesseed and knowledge diffusion.This thesis addresses the mechanisms through which the organization of societies shapes cropdiversity in situ. We combined populations’ biology with social and cultural anthropologyapproaches to analyze the relationship between the organization of Chuka, Tharaka andMbeere societies and the patterns of sorghum diversity (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) on theeastern slope of Mont Kenya.This study first describes the patterns of sorghum diversity with regards to the organization ofsocieties. We show that ethnolinguistic organization shapes the distribution of sorghumdiversity as perceived by farmers (the varieties they name), and as characterized by us usingneutral genetic markers and phenotypic descriptors. Nevertheless, these approaches ofdiversity have evidenced some divergence, notably because the local varieties were notdistinct and uniform genetic units. This observation raised questions concerning thecorrespondence between farmers’ taxonomy and the structure of genetic and phenotypicdiversity.This led us to test whether farmers belonging to a same ethnolinguistic group identify, nameand classify varieties consistently regarding their phenotypic characteristics, and whetherthese local taxonomies differ among groups. These analyses showed that the organization ofsocieties impacts the diffusion of local taxonomy.Examination of seed exchange networks finally helped to understand this latter relationshipby showing that seed, and the knowledge probably associated, are exchanged mainly betweenpeople from the same ethnolinguistic group.We further discuss the effect of differences in the way farmers represent sorghum diversity tothemselves, reflected by their taxonomies, on their seed selection practices.This study showed that the organization of societies shapes seed and knowledge exchanges,hence influencing farmers’ individual practices of diversity management. Thispluridisciplinary approach hence gives new perspectives for the characterization, theconservation and the improvement of crop genetic resources
De, Renesse Nicodème. "Seguir, ou sair de sua história: ramificação e antagonismos narrativos entre os Paiter Suruí (tupi-mondé)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/252127.
Full textThis research focusses on the suruí modes of construction and communication of knowledge conveyed by narrative productions. Among the Suruí, the lessons about a series of facts that have taken place constitute the essence of the knowledge of human origin. These lessons may be conveyed in different forms, including verbal and non-verbal acts. But insofar as the most codified forms such as the performance of ritual and war roles have mostly or totally disappeared, the narratives are what appears to currently assume this role. Yet, the same facts may and do lead to quite different lessons, hence quite different accounts, depending on the person who evokes them as well as the circumstances, and the person to whom they are told. Faced with the multiplication of versions, this work examines the circumstances of narrative production by the different actors not from a pragmatical perspective, as a mode of action or a strategy toward social or political achievements, but from a cognitive one: on which ground may an account vary, sometimes to such an extent that variation looks like straight inversion, and yet, or for that very reason, satisfy the epistemological requirements on which depends the claim that it conveys knowledge? And so, in virtue of what principle may any specific setting be considered by its narrator as a solution to the problem that the narrative construction was trying to solve in the first place? It shows that divergence and antagonisms between accounts are produced by exploiting properties of the events such as the Suruí think about the notion of event. From this viewpoint, speech and narrative production are no more modes of action toward social and political configuration, but it is the social and political configuration itself that stems from this particular way of thinking about facts, which also engender narrative production.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Lissoir, Marie-Pierre. "Le khap tai dam, catégorisation et modèles musicaux. Etude ethnomusicologique chez les Tai des hauts plateaux du Laos." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/229388.
Full textThis research studies the singing named "khap" of Tai Dam ethnic group in Laos, through the notion of musical model. Its main objective, approached with the concept of relevance, is to highlight the competences linked to the singing, that is to say the abstract knowledge needed for the interpretation and the categorisation of "khap Tai Dam". The principle of musical model is the common theme of this research, and is the starting point of every chapter. Starting from musical considerations, this PhD highlights the mechanisms of musical transmission, the relationships between spoken and musical tones, as well as the different mechanisms of musical categorisation and identity categorisation. This work shows the interweaving of every of those aspects and the relevance of using different disciplines: musicology, anthropology and linguistic. The different lines of this work are approached with a perspective mobilizing etic and emic perspectives, and follow a methodology adapted to the specificities of the topic.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Tassi, Sara. "DU DEDANS AU DEHORS. Connexions à partir d’un espace public d'une ville multiple :Ajacẹ́, Xọgbonú, Porto-Novo (Sud-Bénin)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/297572.
Full textDoctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme (Architecture)
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Kapgen, Diane. "Impacts of Agroecology-based Development Programs on Smallholder Farmers’ Livelihoods in Eastern Burkina Faso." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/283200.
Full textRésuméAujourd’hui, l’un des plus grands défis du monde est la situation précaire de dizaines de millions de petits agriculteurs. Fondée sur de nouveaux types de technologies traditionnelles et sur des ressources naturelles et sociales disponibles localement, l'agroécologie semble être une stratégie d’existence prometteuse, surtout pour les petits agriculteurs africains, dont beaucoup ne peuvent pas accéder à des techniques et à des intrants coûteux. Dans les environnements fragiles où des familles entières dépendent de l'agriculture à petite échelle, comme dans l'est du Burkina Faso, il est très important de comprendre si l'agroécologie peut réellement améliorer les moyens d’existence des ménages agricoles et dans quelles conditions. La présente thèse explore le processus de transition agroécologique dans un contexte de coopération au développement, afin de comprendre comment et pourquoi les adoptions et les adaptations d’innovations basées sur l’agroécologie ont un impact sur les moyens de subsistance des agriculteurs. Afin d’appréhender la complexité de l’agroécologie dans un contexte d’interventions de développement, l’étude est fondée sur un triple cadre conceptuel interdisciplinaire qui combine l'approche des moyens d'existence durables, l'approche agronomique de l’Agriculture Comparée et l’approche ECRIS (Enquête Collective Rapide d’Identification des Conflits et des Groupes Stratégiques) issue de l'anthropologie du développement. S'appuyant sur des recherches de terrain qualitatives approfondies dans la province de la Gnagna, incluant des entretiens semi-directifs avec quatre-vingt-dix agriculteurs et dix-huit acteurs-clés ainsi que de l’observation participante, la recherche montre l'écart entre le potentiel théorique de l'agroécologie et ses impacts réels sur les moyens de subsistance de diverses catégories d’agriculteurs.La thèse montre que les organisations de développement choisissent parmi les nombreuses interprétations de l'agroécologie, et ignorent souvent ses attributs de transdisciplinarité, de participation, de démarche ascendante et d’orientation vers l'action. Néanmoins, les résultats suggèrent que la promotion par l'ONG locale ARFA (Association pour la Recherche et la Formation en Agro-écologie) de techniques agricoles basées sur l'agroécologie a du sens dans le contexte régional de dégradation de l'environnement, et de moyens d’existence relativement faibles, de la plupart des agriculteurs :de manière générale, l'adoption de ces techniques a un impact positif sur les moyens d’existence des agriculteurs. Une analyse plus approfondie révèle toutefois comment les agriculteurs disposant des moyens d’existence les plus faibles – labour manuel, pas d’animaux, peu de force de travail, illettrés et vivant dans les ménages les plus démunis en termes d’habitation, de possession d’objets de consommation courante, de régime alimentaire en quantité et en qualité, ayant aussi un statut social bas et une faible influence – bénéficient le moins des programmes d’ARFA en fin de compte. Les agriculteurs un peu plus aisés constituent les membres principaux des groupements d’agriculteurs d’ARFA, qui servent de moyen pour diffuser les techniques agroécologiques promues. Ces techniques sont basées sur des connaissances traditionnelles d’agriculteurs d’autres régions ou pays, ce qui signifie que les agriculteurs « ciblés » par les programmes doivent acquérir de nouvelles connaissances, ainsi que du matériel et des intrants. L'étude montre qu’ARFA utilise les groupements d'agriculteurs comme des organes de diffusion apparemment neutres, sans prendre en compte les hiérarchies sociales et les relations de pouvoir structurelles au sein des groupements. Pourtant, les structures de pouvoir internes aux groupements décident quels membres ont accès au meilleur apport de connaissances par le biais de la participation à des champs écoles paysans, ainsi qu’au matériel distribué via les groupements. Les avantages liés à l’appartenance à de nouvelles structures organisationnelles - notamment sous la forme de capacités d’organisation renforcées, de nouvelles compétences sociales et en matière de communication - sont plus équitablement répartis. Mais, le déséquilibre entre les agriculteurs un peu plus aisés et les moins nantis demeure.En adoptant une perspective plus globale, l’étude démontre une nouvelle dépendance des agriculteurs induite par les programmes de développement agroécologique. Cette dépendance peut être considérée comme allant à l’encontre de l’appel de l’agroécologie à l’autonomie des agriculteurs. En outre, le passage de l’agroécologie à une échelle supérieure est réduit. Les résultats indiquent les limites de l'idée de propager de l'agroécologie dans les pays en développement sans une transition simultanée vers un système alimentaire mondial différent.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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De, Hontheim Astrid. "Chasseurs de diables et collecteurs d'art: tentatives de conversion des Asmat par les missionnaires pionniers protestants et catholiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210720.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Vermonden, Daniel. "Dans le sillage des grands navigateurs austronésiens: anthropologie des activités maritimes des Butonais d'Indonésie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210487.
Full textThis thesis proposes a detailed analysis of Butonese maritime activities as well as a dialogue between this ethnographic case study and its Austronesian context. The analysis relies in particular on Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological analysis of perception and on Vygotsky's historico-cultural conception of cognition. Besides presenting a wealth of new data about the Butonese world (and more specifically the cia-cia linguistic area), the analysis developed here leads to major contributions about the reconstruction of the Austronesian world, the universalism-relativism debate within cognitive anthropology and the use of ethnographic methodology - emphasizing on the ethnographer's own transformation.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Nadeau, Frédérick. "Les jeunes de Québec sont-ils cosmopolites? : rapport à la diversité culturelle, rapport au politique et construction identitaire chez des jeunes cégépiens de la ville de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30392/30392.pdf.
Full textThis research tries to determine if Quebec City’s youth can be considered cosmopolitan. It draws upon the content analysis of 169 open-answers questionnaires, completed by students aged 18 to 23, between November 2012 and January 2013. Examining their relation to cultural diversity, their relation to politics and exploring the different categories from which they build their identity, it comes to the conclusion that the growing ethnocultural diversity that characterize Quebec’s urban landscape and its inscription in a global society are phenomena that are experienced rather passively by today’s youth. These phenomena do not generate greater enthusiasm for intercultural encounters nor do they lead to the adoption of moral dispositions usually associated with cosmopolitanism. On the contrary, results show that young people in Quebec are more concerned with issues that are local in scale and they express their preoccupations with the protection and valorization of what they refer to as their cultural heritage, in response to globalization.
D'Hoop, Ariane. "Modest attachments: An inquiry into the potentialities of material spaces in a psychiatric day care centre." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/268100.
Full textInstitutional care buildings have been largely transformed as the psychiatric field has undergone significant changes over the last fifty years. Instead of the disciplining spaces of hospitals, teams of caregivers now work in smaller centres located in the community. This thesis brings the reader into one of these places, a psychiatric day care centre for teenagers in Brussels. It dives into the details of its everyday material arrangements, and asks, How do material spaces work in the everyday practice of a psychiatric centre? How do they contribute to institutional care? What are their potentialities, with their tensions, successes, and failures? Presented over seven chapters, the dissertation describes how these spaces help make modest attachments emerge. ‘Modest attachments’ proliferate as caregivers attempt to spark even the smallest appreciations by mediation of the material environment. Material spaces play active roles in enacting various ways of becoming attached, from small affinities in the everyday flow, towards appreciations that become of great concern. The narrative follows three conceptual threads, each accentuating a dimension of the inquiry. The first thread of the thesis is an ethnography of institutional care, shaped by the notion of therapeutic communities. This community work with patients is given less importance in today’s psychiatric field. Yet, such a care work creates possibilities for patients – especially for those most reluctant to being cared for: it invites them to respond with their specific affinities and disinterests, rather than being understood through the deficiencies of a disease. The thesis develops an approach towards the potentialities of material spaces. This approach pays ethnographic attention to the possibilities that material spaces unleash in interactions with those giving and receiving care. It therefore develops a material-semiotic sensibility regarding the materiality of a place, looking at how ideas take shape in and with the material arrangements of the space involved in the ongoing care practice.The third thread elaborates the concept of ‘attachments’, a term that designates the co-creation of affinities, things, bodily engagements, and collectives, that develop when a person or a group comes to strongly like something. In the day centre, attachments are often modest appreciations, of quiet intensity, diffuse and dilute in informal moments and daily activities: a seat that become familiar, a displayed drawing that draws a lingering gaze, or a videogame that spark a momentary shared interest. The thesis witnesses the potentialities of material spaces for awakening and strengthening such modest attachments and shows how these significantly contribute to the care work.
Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme (Architecture)
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Davila, Caroll isabelle. "Weneya´a – "quien habla con los cerros”. Memoria, mántica y paisaje sagrado en la Sierra Norte de Oaxaca." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/285389/4/davila.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
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Jespers, Philippe. "Essai sur la religion minyanka." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212955.
Full textDubreuil, Benoît. "Des hiérarchies de dominance au gourvernement des hommes: considérations naturalistes sur l'origine de l'Etat." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210708.
Full text1) pourquoi des hommes, capables de culture, ont vécu pendant des centaines de milliers d'années dans des petits groupes de chasseurs-cueilleurs nomades et égalitaires
2) pourquoi l'apparition de sociétés de grande taille au cours du Néolithique s'est systématiquement accompagnée d'une différenciation sociale accrue, de l'apparition de hiérarchies de statuts et, éventuellement, de la centralisation du pouvoir politique.
La réponse proposée est que la taille des sociétés humaines est sensible à un effet de plafonnement. Ceci s'explique par le caractère conditionnel de la coopération humaine et par la mémoire limitée des humains en contexte social. Ce plafonnement de la taille des groupes ne peut être surmonté que si les humains créent des institutions qui permettent une division sociale du travail de sanction, ce qui à son tour dépend de l'émergence chez l'homme d'un langage et d'une théorie de l'esprit complexes. L'argument proposé est de type fonctionnaliste et vise à appuyer les théories en sciences sociales qui s'intéressent à l'évolution de la culture et des formes politiques.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation philosophie
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Zamani, Mohammadamin. "Théâtre, ville et pouvoir: Pour une étude de la spatialité urbaine du théâtre à Téhéran (2009-2019)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/313327/5/Contrat.pdf.
Full textThis thesis studies the theatre and its transformations in the socio-political context of Tehran between 2009 and 2019 through the question of spatiality (Lussault, 2007). This period is characterized, on the one hand, by the blossoming of new performance spaces of various architectural, urban and institutional natures throughout the city and, on the other hand, by the appearance of new forms of appropriation of urban spaces for theatrical purposes by artists and spectators. To question these mutations, this study analyses the three case studies – representative of private theatre, off stage theatre and underground theatre - from a theoretical approach that combines social production of space and social construction of space (Low, 2017). In doing so, the present thesis demonstrates that beyond the aesthetic and dramaturgical dimensions, the evolution of the theatre scene in Tehran results from a more significant change in the urban spatiality of the theatre. This materializes, on the one hand, in the transformation of the spatial organization of the theatre within the urban context and, on the other hand, in the ways in which the social and political relations and dynamics of the city are spatialized in the theatre. As a result of this double process, and in the tense and changing socio-political conjunctures of Tehran in 2010s, the theatre space, hitherto an almost compartmentalized space excluded from the public sphere, is manifesting itself as a new public space. Not only it becomes the political field where different political and social forces meet (Balme,2014), it also turns into one of the principal elements in the power dynamics among them. Its production as an architectural and urban entity, its occupation, its appropriation and even its social, symbolic and discursive characteristics and boundaries are then the object of struggles, debates, negotiations and interventions - among the most tense and even virulent ones that the Iranian capital has experienced in the last decade - on the part of the three main forces :the authoritarian and ideological power in place, the economic and financial operators and the citizens, in this case artists and spectators. On the one hand, the dominant political, ideological and financial forces are establishing the privatization of theatre, which is conceptualized here as a spatial strategy. (De Certeau, 1990). They regulate theatre space, its production and use through multiple processes of political, ideological and economic exclusion, homogenization and domination. On the other hand, citizens deploy tactics (De Certeau) that is, new forms of appropriation of space within the breaches, inconsistencies and interstices of the dominant strategy. As a result, urban spaces produced, regulated and monitored for political, ideological or even capitalist purposes immediately become the fields for new forms of artists and spectators’ agencies. Sometimes these forms take the form of acts of resistance, struggle, contestation (the Underground theatre), sometimes of negotiation, compromise (the private theatres) or even circumvention and counter-experiences (the Off Stage theatre). However, whatever the form and consequences of these interactions, they open up breaches and fractures in the political, ideological and economic order that dominates the city and its space. They thus make possible the emergence and survival of forms of otherness in the public sphere and the public space.
Doctorat en Arts du spectacle et technique de diffusion et de communication
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Bourgeois, Catherine. "Au-delà des collines. Ethnographie des relations dominico-haïtiennes en zone frontalière." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/233130.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Nikis, Nicolas. "Archéologie des métallurgies anciennes du cuivre dans le bassin du Niari, République du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/276494.
Full textDoctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
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Gausset, Quentin. "Les avatars de l'identité chez les Wawa et les Kwanja du Cameroun." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212271.
Full textFerrer-Bartomeu, Jérémie. "L’État à la lettre. Institutions de l’écrit et configurations de la société administrative durant les guerres de religion (vers 1570 - vers 1610. Royaume de France)." Thesis, Paris, Ecole nationale des chartes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENCP0002/document.
Full textThis study explores how the French Royal State establishes at the heart of its apparatus of power structures specialized in the manipulation, projection, and reception of political writing. These structures are intended to end the troubles of the Wars of Religion, to win political positions against corps and communities, and to strategically, politically, and theoretically arm both battles as well as military and ceremonial contacts across Europe. The actors in these new structures are secretaries of State and secretaries. From this exceptionally intense political crisis, they help bring about a new governmentality that prepares and announces the coming of the administrative monarchy and the pre-bureaucracies of the second part of the 17th Century. As the heart of the state and the conduit of royal desire, secretaries mobilize their professional skills in the service of the sovereign. Their functional position in the state grows into the cutting edge of a political society undergoing intense restructuring. They thus form an administrative society with codes, uses, and practices closely related to their Spanish and English European counterparts, following the increasing internationalism of the Wars of Religion. The heuristic concept of the European “Republic of bureaus” once more asks questions regarding the transnational circulation of administrative knowledge and the transfers of government models. The increased attention to the materiality of the work of government bureaus on the European scale gives this study the dimension of a cultural history of the State, centered on the games of actors and scales, the resolution of conflicts, and the collaboration and connections at the heart of networks of information
Bachir-Loopuyt, Talia. "Une musique du monde faite en Allemagne ? : les compétitions Creole et l'idéal d'une société plurielle dans l'Allemagne d'aujourd'hui." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00927409.
Full textAsselin, Gabriel. "Schoolyard agency : childhood, mobility and cultural reproduction amongst mobile families." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30732/30732.pdf.
Full textIn this dissertation, I show that while the experience that children have of their community is influenced by external factors such as semiotic registers and structural relationships, it is also shaped through their own agency. Through working with children of French-speaking military families in Cold Lake, Alberta, I contribute to a portrayal of children as playing an important role, not only in how they experience community, but in the very shaping of the community itself. Through a focus on how children of military members attending the French school École Voyageur experience their social environment, it becomes apparent that while this is characterized by a high degree of mobility, they are nevertheless subjected to lasting semiotic registers defined by ongoing discourses surrounding topics such as mobility, the military, and francophone identity. By taking account of how children of mobile families, and adults involved in their lives, express their understanding of their place within various institutions, this dissertation contributes to furthering the understanding of potential effects of various patterns of mobility on childhood experiences of community and concepts of identity and belonging. This work is grounded in data collected during fieldwork in and around a military community associated with 4 Wing Cold Lake, a Royal Canadian Air Force base. What is shown with the data gathered from fieldwork is that continuity in a community, and even cultural maintenance, does not require continuity within the population. In doing so I show that conflicting views concerning the idea of community can be reconciled by describing it as the result of experience of social environments through the encounter of individual agency with semiotic registers and networks of institutional structures. Finally, this work also describes some of the challenges and opportunities encountered by children of French-speaking military families in Cold Lake. Their particular situation, as mobile individuals evolving on the margin of multiple institutions and organisations, makes them subjects of interest to understand the impacts of mobility and of diverging loyalties on concepts of belonging and identity.
Vidal-Naquet, Clémentine. ""Te reverrai-je?" Le lien conjugal pendant la Grande Guerre." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00983466.
Full textQuaretta, Edoardo. "Les enfants accusés de sorcellerie au Katanga, République démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209535.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Hayashi, Mari. "Images de femmes dans la littérature japonaise contemporaine, 1935-1975: cas des nouvelles couronnées par le prix Akutagawa." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210557.
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Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation sociologie
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Lamarre, Stéphanie. "Militer par l'art pour produire du sens : étude anthropologique d'une troupe de théâtre d'intervention de Montréal." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16926.
Full textCroteau-Deshaies, Dominic. "Habiter et aménager l'espace au Nunavik : le rôle de la mobilité dans l'appropriation sociale et culturelle de l'environnement bâti du village d'Aupaluk." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20020.
Full textMorin, Vicki. "Reconnaissance sociale et intégration des immigrants en milieu rural: le cas du Haut-Lac-Saint-Jean." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9076.
Full textProvincial immigration policies in Quebec are oriented towards the regionalization of immigrants, in order for regional and rural areas to benefit from their presence. This study adopts an ethnographic perspective to examine how social recognition shown by native Quebecers toward immigrants who settle in the Haut-Lac-Saint-Jean area is linked to the integration of the newcomers to their host community. Through a review of the various experiences of alterity observed in the region, my study reveals the conditions that foster the emergence of recognition and the factors that serve to make it less likely.
Benaissa, Salim. "Description du projet "Graos de Luz e Griô" : l'identité culturelle afro-brésilienne, la culture locale et l'éducation comme processus d'intégration sociale dans une communauté rurale brésilienne." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16932.
Full textCornellier, Frédérique. "Vivre la ville : l'expérience sociale et spatiale des autochtones de Val-d'Or." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5192.
Full textThis research differs from other studies on urban Natives by looking at the daily life of Natives in the city of Val-d’Or (Abitibi, Quebec). This thesis examines their social experiences and their relations to the places of the city. It demonstrates that a Native community lives in Val-d’Or, and that it is characterized by its social structure, its collective identity, and the creation of an elite class. The collective memory, the social environment, and the non-Natives are central for the Val-d’Or Native’s identity. The sense of belonging that Natives are building toward the urban environment has to be considered in the preservation of their collective identity, as well as in their daily life in the city. When we are talking about Natives and urban space, the visibility/invisibility dichotomy appears. The social recognition entitles individuals to get visibility (positive or negative) from others. On the contrary, invisibility is a process of “non-perception”. It is in social inter-ethnic interaction that this dichotomy is experienced. Social interactions and inter-ethnic human contacts are creating ethnic segmentation in social relations. A proximity/distance phenomenon is introduced and creates stereotypes (accurate and inaccurate). The discource of the non-Natives of Val-d’Or is gender oriented, marked by some discriminatory words. This thesis focuses on the fact that the Natives are, like other urban populations, urban social actors who shape the landscapes of Canadian cities.
Bouchard, Mélissa. "Les relations entre catholiques et hindous chez les Tamouls sri lankais à Montréal et la notion de syncrétisme : l’exemple des pèlerinages et de la dévotion mariale." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4065.
Full textIn this study, the author discusses relations between Catholics and Hindus among Sri Lankan Tamils living in Montreal. By doing this, the author puts forward the prospects of Tamil Catholics through Catholic pilgrimages and Marian devotion. Thus, relations between Catholics and Hindus appear to be codified by social and cultural standards. Also, religious interactions seem to be transformed partly by migration and by the host society. In this context, « syncretism » becomes a secondary concept that is primarily studied in relations with Tamil social standards. Finally, through pilgrimages and Marian devotion, the author argues that Tamil Catholics maintain contradictory relations with Hindus.
Grimard, Léon. "Segmentation et exclusion des Gitans de Perpignan : émergence d'une élite politique?" Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6157.
Full textIn the last decade, a wealth of literature has documented the situation of Rroma living in Central and Eastern Europe, in a context in which there has emerged new elite and new forms of political action. Among Western Europe’s Romani, political activism and elites seemed to be absent. This fieldwork has been done with certain types of elites among the Gypsies of Perpignan seeking to encourage political action, in the cultural context of a segmentary society with diffuse power which is faced with various forms of socio-economic exclusion by mainstream society. In this analysis, I suggest that exclusion by the païos (non Gypsies) is a denial of the relational reality of the Gypsies with the païa majority. Finally, this fieldwork has revealed the position of the cultural brokers, a role played by various agents intervening between Gypsies and non gypsies worlds. I argue that it is through the cultural broker’s role that political elite may emerge.
Preux, Raphaël. "Kara et kakaram : étude pragmatique de la vie sociale des rêves chez les Achuar du Pastaza, Équateur." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21241.
Full textGomez, Cardona Liliana. "Les maux de ventre des enfants haïtiens de Montréal : entre la recomposition culturelle et la souffrance familiale." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4237.
Full textBelly-stomachaches in children are a space of hybridity and creolization, affected by social and cultural dimensions. These aches are collectively constructed within nuclear families, with their migratory histories and their sufferings. Having interviewed Haitian families living in Montreal, we documented the illness trajectories, the perceptions, explanations and means of relieving the aches, which all interact in a dynamic mode. Generally speaking, the children perceive their belly-stomachaches as an irregular experience that has an impact on their social life, although tolerated by the children and theirs mothers. Families have not received a medical diagnosis and give temporary, changing explanations to the aches, in a constant reformulation. In general, families will use different methods to deal with belly and stomach aches. The family space, church activities, and official medicine are privileged therapeutic spaces.
Brillant-Giroux, Vincent. "Aspirations de la relève et nécessité de convaincre dans le culte du Teyyam." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12477.
Full textTeyyam is a Hindu possession ritual from Kerala (South India), the practice of which is unforgiving: it requires fasting, physical feats, heat resistance. Dressed in a spectacular costume, the performers dance, swords in hand, to the frenzied beat of drums, they are the vessels of the gods’ words. An untouchable embodies the god in front of the assembled community; he will even have the right, during this ritual inversion of roles, to critique the caste system. Whereas this performance used to be a caste obligation associated with poverty, it has, today, become a job that one can choose, or not, to do. Even though some people lament the fact that there is a lack of young men to ensure the continuity of this practice due to the difficult conditions of this ritual, there, nonetheless, remain educated young men ready to pursue this ancestral tradition. In Kerala, a lot of people count on education to have a good job, the young are more and more educated and a good number of them aspire to attain the middle class; there are opportunities, but not for everyone and there is a lot of competition. Educated young men want to pursue a tradition that they admire and that they are proud of, but without having to sacrifice their chances of social mobility. What are their aspirations? What meaning are they giving to what they want to accomplish? Traditionally the patronage relations in Teyyam have been very hard, under the shade of the caste system. What is the situation today? How do the performers manage to negotiate the achievement of their aspirations in the context of Teyyam?