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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Anthropology of disability'
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1
Klotz, Jani Frances. "Denying intimacy: the role of reason and institutional order in the lives of people with an intellectual disability." University of Sydney. Anthropology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/513.
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This thesis explores differences in the ways that intellectually disabled people are perceived, interpreted and related to within a Western context. Through a comparison of familial and institutionalised forms of relatedness, it examines the interrelation between these differences and the consequences that they have for either denying or acknowledging severely intellectually disabled people's capacities for sociality. Drawing on Carrithers' (1992) concept of sociality and mutuality, and Wittgenstein's (1953) notion of language games, the thesis analyses the means by which a meaningful and shared existence with intellectually disabled people can be negotiated and developed. Although limited and restricted in their capacities for symbolic expression, such people do have modalities of symbolic life upon which sociality can be built. By analysing the symbolic practices utilised by my three profoundly intellectually disabled siblings, I seek to show how relationships across the difference of intellectual disability are able to be symbolically mediated and negotiated. I argue that it is necessary to engage in relations of mutual interdependence in order to even recognise and perceive these practices as purposeful and meaningful. The mutuality that ensues requires a level of intimacy, empathy and commitment that is not easily sustainable, but which is necessary for the maintenance of intellectually disabled people's existence as social beings. These intimate relations are contrasted with clinical and institutional forms of relatedness, both of which have been informed and shaped by a symbolic scheme of reason and normality. This symbolic scheme associates a capacity for reason with normal humanness, where reason is identified as particular abstract, linguistic, mental practices that are then deemed necessary for sociality. These are what intelligence tests measure, and it is through such assessments that intellectually disabled people are rendered asocial. The pathologising of intellectual disability as an abnormal embodiment, and the clinical tendency to search only for deficits in functioning and ability, has led to a denial or ignorance of intellectually disabled people's abilities to be the independent sustainers and authors of mutuality and sociality. I draw on my family's medical notes, records from the institution where two of my siblings were sent to live, as well as observations made during twelve months of fieldwork with a group of intellectually disabled people attending an activities centre, and either living in community group homes or with their families, to elucidate the ways in which such interpretations of intellectual disability become instituted into daily practice. The instituting of training and management practices within day centres, group homes and institutions for the intellectually disabled are a consequence of the perception that intellectually disabled people have no capacity for sociality as they are. So too are the legal and structural obligations that inform the forms of relatedness that staff have with the intellectually disabled people with whom they work. These relations are based on separation and disengagement rather than mutuality and intimacy. The aim in these institutionalised environments is to instil in such people a range of normative social, domestic and vocational skills as though it is upon these that their capacity as social beings are dependent. As a result, the symbolic practices and dispositional behaviours through which intellectually disabled people express themselves are not recognised as such, nor are they engaged with. This undermines intellectually disabled people's capacity to be joint contributors to social life in a way which incorporates their differences rather than trying to transform them.
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Bridges, Sarah Ann. "Disability in the Mountains: Culture, Environment, and Experiences of Disability in Ladakh, India." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1442843791.
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Rattray, Nicholas Anthony. "Embodied Marginalities: Disability, Citizenship, and Space in Highland Ecuador." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223378.
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This dissertation critically explores the governance of disability, social marginalization, and spatial exclusion in highland Ecuador. Since the 1990s, disabled Ecuadorians have moved from a state of social neglect and physical isolation to wider societal participation, fueled in part by national campaigns aimed at promoting disability rights. Many have joined grassroots organizations through biosocial networks based on the collective identity of shared impairment. However, their incorporation into the labor market, educational systems, and public sphere has been uneven and impeded by underlying spatial and cultural barriers. Based on twelve months of ethnographic research I conducted among people with physical and visual disabilities in the city of Cuenca, this research analyzes narratives of disablement within the local disabled community. I focus on the consequences of living with embodied differences considered to be anomalous within environments designed for nondisabled citizens. The study extends current scholarship on the social context of disability to a Latin American country with significant ethnic and economic hierarchies, exploring disability as an important dimension of social stratification that is both produced and remedied by the state. In Ecuador, the social category of people with disabilities has emerged through historical processes and campaigns that emphasize the prevention of impairment and chronic disease, promotion of equal rights, and inclusive labor markets - all of which are part of a broader aspiration toward modernity. I argue that disability is often an overlooked but important, cross-cutting form of bodily and behavioral difference that creates multiple marginalities. Emphasizing social practices and structural dimensions of disability shifts the attention away from approaches that foreground individual, psychological, or medical aspects of disablement and instead contributes to wider anthropological understandings of disability as socially produced, constructed, managed and enacted. In analyzing disability as a cross-cutting category, this research reframes disability as contingent on local constructions of normativity, highlighting how bodies come to be recognized as "abled" or "disabled" within particular productions of space and systems of un/marked subjects.
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Comensoli, Peter Andrew. "Recognising persons : the profoundly impaired and Christian anthropology." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6288.
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There are some human beings who live their lives at the extremes of the human condition because of some gross intellectual, cognitive, neurological, or developmental impairment to their human nature. The evidence from practices of care and concern towards such people – the profoundly impaired – suggests that they are acknowledged and respected as moral peers within the human community. Such pre-reflective intuitions and commonplace practices lend credence to the anthropological claim that the profoundly impaired are recognisably persons. Yet what might an argument in support of this intuition look like? How is it that the profoundly impaired are recognisably persons among fellow persons? This thesis is a theological response to that question. The presupposition underpinning the question is that there is something at stake for the humanity of the profoundly impaired in their being the particularly conditioned human beings that they are. There are, however, those who do not allow for the personhood of the profoundly impaired precisely because of the impaired condition in which they live their lives, and there are others who do uphold the personhood of the profoundly impaired precisely by sidelining their impairment. Peter Singer is representative of the first position. Christian theology can and should make an effective response to Singer’s challenge. An emerging field in Christian theology seeks to do so by proposing a distinct theology of disability that re-imagines Christian anthropology. The aim is to secure the humanity of the disabled without the condition of their humanity becoming an obstacle to their moral status within the community of persons. Key to this re-imagining is the adoption of a paradigm of inclusion towards the disabled. However, a critique will be offered of those theological re-imagined Christian anthropologies that centre on a paradigm of inclusion, and on a commitment to separating out the condition of the profoundly impaired from the question of their humanity. The Dutch Protestant theologian Hans Reinders proposes one such re-imagined anthropology in his recent major work, Receiving the Gift of Friendship: Profound Disability, Theological Anthropology, and Ethics. His claim is that the humanity of the profoundly disabled cannot be secured by the traditionally held Christian doctrine of the imago Dei because that doctrine treats personhood as something intrinsic to human beings, thereby making it inaccessible to the profoundly disabled who do not have the personalising capacities of reason and will. Instead, he proposes ‘being chosen as a friend’ by God as the only way in which the humanity of the profoundly disabled can be secured, thereby rejecting an immanent reading of the imago Dei in favour of a transcending conception of friendship. This thesis will argue that Reinders’ anthropological project fails because his transcendent concept cannot do for the humanity of the profoundly disabled what it sets out to do. Consequently, a return will be made to that tradition of Christian anthropology centred on the imago Dei to see what may be retrieved from it, such that the condition under which the profoundly impaired live their lives is central to them being recognisably the persons that they are. This is a proposition which says that the personal presence of the profoundly impaired among other persons is not to be denied to them (contra Singer), nor only extended to them as a means of belonging (contra a paradigm of inclusion), nor simply eschewed of them so that they may thereby be included by other means (contra Reinders). In placing the doctrine of the imago Dei at the heart of the creaturely life of human beings, the Catholic Church has made this doctrine the structural centre of any theological account of the personhood of the profoundly impaired. It will be the positive task of this thesis to uncover the theological import of this Catholic anthropological imagination. The two authors most significantly engaged with in undertaking this task will be C S Lewis and Josef Pieper.
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Finedore, Hilary. "The Accessibility of Adulthood." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1307120890.
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Kirkpatrick, Stephanie Renee. "The Disney-Fication of Disability: The Perpetuation of Hollywood Stereotypes of Disability in Disney’s Animated Films." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1248051363.
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Vizenor, Katie Virginia. "Binary Lives| Digital Citizenship and Disability Participation in a User Content Created Virtual World." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3613110.
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Digital Citizenship is a concept typically used in discussions of how technology impacts our relationships with others and our physical world communities. It is also used to describe ways that we can leverage our technology use and skill to make our communities and nations better and stronger. Educators are now teaching "good digital citizenship" as part of a larger civics curriculum.
But, there is a second, emerging concept that I refer to as platform specific digital citizenship. I define this platform specific citizenship as the deep and abiding commitment and sense of responsibility that people develop in relation to a particular technology, such as software or technology brand. It may also refer to the ideas that people express in regard to how technology should ideally be used and what rights and responsibilities it requires of its adherents.
Massively Multiplayer Online Worlds (MMOWs) are one place researchers are finding this deep, platform specific digital citizenship emerging. These are persistent digital universes where people from all over the world develop online personas, leadership structures, discussion forums, and business and non-profit entities. The ability and extent to which this online organization is possible is largely due to the underlying structure, rules and allowances of the world of which people choose to be a part.
One online world, Second Life, has a large, active and vocal disabled population. They have committed to this environment because of the unique opportunities and freedoms that it provides. As a user content created environment, residents, as Second Life participants are referred to, are given an unprecedented amount of freedom to create the kind of experience they want. This may involve developing relationships and projects with other disabled residents. It can also involve exploring other aspects of themselves and their interests that are often neglected in their real lives due to social exclusion, and/or lack of financial and physical access.
Most of the research and popular media examinations of disability in Second Life centers on participation in disability specific communities or the benefits of identity exploration through avatar design. But, the reasons disabled people stay here is much broader and varied than what this limited discussion suggests. Commitment to Second Life is strong precisely because disability community commitment and disability expression are not the only options but exist among a wide range of choices. Moreover, the expression of disability and use of such mediated environments is constantly debated in both word and deed.
This dissertation explores the concept of digital citizenship and why people that identify as disabled in real life are attracted to committed participation in virtual worlds, in particular, Second Life. What opportunities and rights are disabled people afforded here through the technology structure? What are the avenues of entry into the Second Life community, and what does the variety of these entry points and special interest sub-communities tell us about what is important to them? How is commitment debated and deepened through the use of public spaces and forums? And, what can researchers, public health and information professionals learn from these features that can improve their own outreach?
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Donovan, Elizabeth A. "Arab American Parents' Experiences of Special Education and Disability: A Phenomenological Exploration." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1372583897.
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Houser, Anne Marie. "Aesthetic Discrimination: The Impact of North American Ideologies of Beauty on the Social Exclusion of People with Skin Disorders, the Healing Power of Special Summer Youth camps, and a Shift to the Social in Biomedical Practice." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/204052.
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AnthropologyPh.D.
This dissertation focuses on an understudied population of people with severe and chronic skin disorders concerning their lived realities in mainstream and specialized settings. Little is known about the life experiences of this population that, because of the rarity of these largely inherited disorders, is demographically scattered throughout North America. Through descriptive narratives from an individual perspective, the aim of this research is to educate others as to how people with severe and chronic skin disorders shape their identities, often as disabled, and experience daily life. Research participants include forty-four men and women, ranging in age from eighteen to seventy-plus years, who attended at least one of four week-long camp programs for children with severe and chronic skin disorders in the summer of 2009 at varied locations in the United States. Ethnographic research methods include participant-observation, face-to-face and telephone interviews to glean life narratives, and questionnaires for demographic and statistical analysis. Interview data are assigned to four categories: 1) Those with skin disorders who did not attend a childhood camp designed specifically for children with skin disorders, 2) those who did attend a skin disorders camp as a child and are now staff at such camps, 3) medical personnel who are camp staff, and 4) adult camp staff attendees who are not medical professionals nor any diagnoses of severe or chronic skin disorders. Through the ethnographic process themes evolved, including the effects of socially constructed markers of race, gender, age, and extent of disability, that further impact individuals' experiences of life in both the camp and mainstream settings. All persons with skin disorders interviewed report negative effects from stigmatization to a varying degree in mainstream society, while four report adverse experiences in the camp setting. All participants with skin disorders interviewed report that camp programs for children with skin disorders have positively impacted their lives in both mainstream and camp settings. Additionally, all medical personnel interviewed report positive, life-changing experiences and a new understanding of how people with skin disorders experience daily life. This dissertation also addresses the role that the social institution of biomedicine plays in the creation of camps for children with severe and chronic skin disorders, as well as how the relationships of biomedical practitioners and adults with skin disorders at camp change the perceptions of each other. Ultimately, it is the overt goal that this dissertation educates all readers with respect to how people with skin disorders are often labeled as being disabled and suffer consequences of stigmatization related to disability, as well as increase awareness of how mainstream society affects the identities of this particular population.
Temple University--Theses
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Berthin, Michael. "Touch future x ROBOT : examining production, consumption, and disability at a social robot research laboratory and a centre for independent living in Japan." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1010/.
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This thesis contributes to anthropological discussions on the relationship between production and consumption by engaging in multi-sited ethnography that investigates the design of social robots in cutting-edge Japanese research laboratories and also explores the day-to-day lives of Japanese disabled people who are potential consumers of such devices. By drawing on these disparate groups, located in disparate sites, this thesis traces connections but also disconnections as it analyses the 'friction' between the technical problem-solving of researchers and the organized activist politics of disabled people. It investigates the rationales of robot research, messy and multiple, as well as the material and political impetus behind the 'barrier free' movement for independent living. Social robots hold a special interest in Japan because not only do many people, both inside and outside of Japan, believe that the nation has a unique cultural interest and affinity for robots, but, with an ageing population, the Japanese state has looked toward social robots as potential care-givers and as a solution to the 'demographic crisis'. Through the engagement of both science and technology studies and disability studies, this thesis focuses on the theme of problems to show how the problem-making approach of robotics researchers, which identifies problems of the body as a disability to be solved by a technical fix in the form of a robot, contrasts with the perspective from disabled people themselves, who see disability as a problem of society and the environment rather than the individual and the body.
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Kelly, Gabrielle Gita. "Biological citizenship in Blikkiesdorp : the case of the disability grant." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71632.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis examines local understandings and use of the Disability Grant in The Symphony Way Temporary Relocation Area, locally referred to as Blikkiesdorp (tin can town). The study takes an ethnographic approach and focuses particularly on a group of people accessing or seeking to access Disability Grants who formed a support group as a result of the study. Findings reveal that in a context of social and economic marginalisation, there is a high reliance on government grants for survival and a particularly high demand for Disability Grants by the unemployed in Blikkiesdorp. As social assistance in South Africa is categorically targeted at particular vulnerable groups, the majority of the unemployed of working age are not eligible for social assistance. As a result, Disability Grant recipients face significant pressure from their households and the community at large to share their grants with those who cannot find unemployment but are not catered to by the social security system. It also means that disability or illness is often valued over health. Given the use of the Disability Grant as a livelihood strategy within households and the related importance of Disability Grants to individuals and families, those who receive their grants on a temporary basis engage in a struggle to reapply for grants through performances of disability and humanitarian appeals to medical doctors who, as a result, are not only burdened by high numbers of grant applications, but also pressured to make decisions that go beyond their role as medical professionals. The analysis draws on the concept of biological citizenship to explore the relationship created between illness or disability of the bodies of marginalised citizens and the potential to access to social citizenship rights, enabled through the receipt of the Disability Grant.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek aan die hand van ʼn etnografiese benadering plaaslike begrippe en gebruike van die Ongeskiktheidstoelaag in Die Simfonieweg Tydelike Hervestigingsgebied, plaaslik bekend as Blikkiesdorp. Die studie fokus op ʼn groep mense wat die Ongeskiktheidstoelaag ontvang of probeer om daartoe toegang te verkry en wat as gevolg van hul deelname aan die studie, ʼn ondersteuningsgroep gevorm het. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat in ʼn konteks van maatskaplike en ekonomiese marginalisering, daar vir oorlewing tot ʼn groot mate op staatstoelaes staatgemaak word en dat daar spesifiek onder werkloses in Blikkiesdorp ʼn groot aanvraag vir die Ongeskiktheidstoelaag is. Maatskaplike ondersteuning in Suid-Afrika word op spesifieke kategorieë kwesbare groepe gerig en die meerderheid werkloses kwalifiseer nie vir maatskaplike ondersteuning nie. Om die rede verkeer die ontvangers van die Ongeskiktheidstoelaag onder besondere druk van lede van hul huishouding en ook van ander gemeenskapslede om hul toelae te deel met werkloses wat nie deur die maatskaplike sekuriteitsisteem gedek word nie. In dié konteks gebeur dit dikwels dat ongeskiktheid of siekte bo gesondheid van waarde geag word. As gevolg van die belangrikheid van die Ongeskiktheidstoelaag vir individue en hul gesinne is diegene wat hierdie toelaag op ʼn tydelike basis ontvang, betrokke in ʼn stryd om heraansoek deur die voorstelling van ongeskiktheid teenoor en humanitêre beroepe op mediese beroepslui. Hierdie beroepslui word derhalwe nie slegs belas met ʼn groot aantal aansoeke nie, maar verkeer ook onder druk om besluite te neem wat verder as hul rol as medici strek. Die konsep biologiese burgerskap word gebruik om die verband wat geskep word tussen siekte of ongeskiktheid van die liggame van gemarginaliseerde burgers en die potensiaal vir toegang tot maatskaplike burgerskapsregte deur die ontvangs van die Ongeskiktheidstoelaag, te ontleed.
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Tucker, Joan A. "Local strategies in a global network : disability rights in Jamaica." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002117.
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Hedwig, Travis H. "THE CULTURAL POLITICS OF FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS AND THE DIAGNOSIS OF DIFFERENCE." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/anthro_etds/7.
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This dissertation is based on an ethnographic study of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and the racial, cultural and political considerations that shape the meaning of diagnosis for Alaska Native individuals and families in Anchorage, Alaska. During the period from August 6, 2010 to through August 5, 2011, I worked with foster families and extended natural families living with and supporting individuals diagnosed with FASD. Documenting the experiences of families in their interactions with clinical, state, tribal and non-profit institutions, I sought to understand how a diagnosis of FASD structures opportunities, outcomes and everyday life experiences across several critical life domains, including health, education, employment, kinship and identity. Family narratives and experiences are highlighted to illustrate the ways in which difference is reproduced in everyday public understanding and clinical practice.
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Calton, Cindee Jean. "Teaching respect: language, identity, and ideology in American sign language classes in the United States." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4950.
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This dissertation examines the connection between language ideologies and second language learning, specifically in the case of American Sign Language.
I argue that students' and teachers' ideologies about American Sign Language (ASL) influence the goals and pedagogies of ASL teachers. ASL students enter the classroom with ideologies that conflate ASL with gesture or view it as simplified visual English. ASL students also view deafness as a disability that needs to be fixed.
This contrasts with ASL teachers' view that Deaf people are a distinct cultural minority who wish to remain Deaf. As a result, ASL teachers' goals focus on teaching ASL students to respect Deaf people and their language.
This leads to three major pedagogical differences with teachers of spoken languages.
First, ASL teachers focus their cultural lessons on teaching their students a non-pathological view of Deafness.
Second, ASL teachers are far more likely than spoken language teachers to think that a member of Deaf Culture should teach ASL.
Finally, ASL teachers go to greater lengths than spoken language teachers to avoid the use of English in their classrooms.
This research was conducted at five different public universities in the United States. I observed ASL classes at all five universities and a Spanish class at one university. I administered a survey at four of the five universities. I interviewed ASL teachers and teachers of other languages at all five universities.
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Rivera, Christopher, Joshua Baker, Ginevra Baker, Pamela J. Mims, and Tracy Spies. "Building a Culturally Responsive Framework for Students with Intellectual Disability to Increase Postsecondary Outcomes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/164.
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This session will provide a framework for assisting culturally and linguistically diverse students with moderate-severe intellectual disability. Strategies for general curriculum access, academic instruction, meaningful collaboration with families and educators, as well as suggestions for enhancing postsecondary outcomes will be provided.
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Wiener, Diane Rochelle. "Narrativity, Emplotment, and Voice in Autobiographical and Cinematic Representations of "Mentally Ill" Women, 1942-2003." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195156.
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This dissertation presents an historical overview of the interdependent representations of gender, class, ethnicity, race, nationality, sexuality, and (dis)ability in a selection of films and first-person written autobiographical texts from the 1940s to the early twenty-first century. Cinematic and written autobiographical representations of “mental illness” reflect and shape various models of psychological trauma and wellness. I explore the ways that these two genres of representation underscore, exert influence upon, and interrogate socio-cultural understandings and interpretations of deviance and normalcy, madness and sanity, and pathology and health. Some models of health and illness carry more ideological weight than others, and thus differentially contour public policy formation and the materiality of people’s daily lives. My project is distinct from other kinds of scholarship on the subject of women’s “madness.” Whereas scholarship has been written on “madness” and cinema, and on “madness” and autobiography, this related academic work has not consistently drawn linkages between multiple genres or utilized interdisciplinary methodologies to critically explore texts. Feminist scholars who address the interconnections between autobiographies and cinematic representations often pay only limited attention to psychiatric survivors. I draw parallels and distinctions between these genres, based upon my training in social work, cultural studies, film and autobiography theory, medical and linguistic anthropology, and disability studies. My perspective hinges upon my longstanding involvement with and commitment to the subject of women’s “madness” in both personal and professional arenas.
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Groud, Paul-Fabien. "De l'irréversibilité au devenir : diversité des expériences corporelles, prothétiques et du handicap des personnes amputées des membres inférieurs en France." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2046.
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Cette thèse étudie les expériences corporelles, prothétiques et du handicap vécues par les personnes amputées des membres inférieurs en France. S’appuyant sur les outils méthodologiques de l’anthropologie (observations, entretiens et apports de l’anthropologie audiovisuelle), ce travail s’articule autour de trois ethnographies menées au sein de l’Institut de Rééducation du CHU Grenoble-Sud, de la société Chabloz Orthopédie et de l’Association de Défense et d’Études des Personnes Amputées. Par une approche longitudinale, il analyse ces expériences post-amputation au travers de trois temporalités de la trajectoire de vie des personnes amputées : à court, moyen et long terme. Cette recherche se consacre tout d’abord à l’étude du suivi de patients lors des premières semaines post-amputation au sein de l’unité hospitalière de rééducation. Par le développement de la notion de « paradoxe du moignon », elle analyse le traumatisme bio-psycho-social lié à la perte mais aussi la recomposition du corps et les expériences corporelles qui s’y adjoignent telle celle du membre fantôme. Elle détaille le processus d’apprivoisement du corps amputé et son travail de formatage en lien avec la prothèse. Elle met en lumière le rôle essentiel de la prothèse dans le parcours de rééducation avec l’apprentissage de la marche appareillée et ses impacts sur les situations de handicap. Dans un second temps, à partir d’un suivi longitudinal des mêmes patients un an et demi après la fin du séjour de rééducation, cette recherche s’attache à saisir l’accoutumance au corps amputé et l’évolution des expériences corporelles post-institution hospitalière. Elle analyse les processus d’agencement et d’accommodement du corps amputé avec la prothèse et les autres aides techniques. Elle étudie l’apport de la prothèse dans la remédiation face aux situations de handicap. Elle met également en évidence le rapport complexe à la prothèse au quotidien et dans l’expérience sociale du handicap.La dernière partie de la recherche est axée sur l’étude des expériences vécues par les personnes amputées depuis plus de cinq ans. Elle explore, particulièrement au prisme de l’anthropologie audiovisuelle, leurs diverses expériences de l’alliance corps/prothèse (entre potentialités, limitations et intimité) et du handicap. Elle analyse la démarche et les enjeux liés au partage de ces expériences par les pairs amputés expérimentés vers les pairs nouvellement amputés. Par le décentrement anthropologique et l’analyse focalisée sur ce qui est vécu in situ par les personnes concernées, cette thèse déconstruit l'approche de l’amputation essentiellement basée sur le validisme et montre la nécessité de la dépasser. Elle établit que les expériences post-amputation corporelles, prothétiques et du handicap doivent être pensées dans leur diversité, leur complexité et leurs transformations au fil du tempsThis dissertation investigates the bodily, prosthetic and disability experiences of lower-limb amputees in France. Building on the methodological tools of anthropology (observations, interviews and contributions from audiovisual anthropology), this research is structured around three ethnographic fieldworks carried out at the Institute of Rehabilitation of the Grenoble University Hospital (CHU), at the Chabloz Orthopaedics company, and at the Association for Advocacy and Study of Amputees (ADEPA). Using a longitudinal approach, it analyses these post-amputation experiences through three temporalities of the life trajectory of amputees: short, medium and long term. This research is first devoted to the study of patient follow-up during the first weeks after amputation, within the hospital rehabilitation unit. Developing the notion of the « stump paradox » (« paradoxe du moignon »), it explores the bio-psycho-social trauma linked to the loss as well as the recomposition of the body and the bodily experiences associated with it, such as that of the phantom limb. It details both the process of adjusting and familiarising to the amputated body and its formatting work in relation to the prothesis. It also sheds light on the essential role of the prosthesis in the rehabilitation process, with the learning of walking with it and its impacts on situations of disability.Second, based on a longitudinal follow-up of the same patients a year and a half after the end of the rehabilitation stay, this research aims to understand the habituation to the amputated body and the evolution of post-hospitalisation bodily experiences. It investigates the processes of adjustment and adaptation of the amputated body with the prothesis and other technical aids. It enquires into the benefit of the prosthesis in the remediation of disability situations. It also highlights the complex relationship to the prosthesis in daily life and in the social experience of disability. The last part of the research focuses on (the study of) the lived experiences of amputees over the past five years. It explores, particularly through the prism of audiovisual anthropology, their diverse experiences of the body/prosthesis alliance (between potentialities, limitations and intimacy) and of disability. It examines the approach and the issues involved in the sharing of these experiences by seasoned amputees towards newly amputated peers.Through anthropological decentring and analysis focused on what is lived in situ by the people concerned, this dissertation deconstructs the ableist approach of amputation and shows the need to go beyond it. It establishes that post-amputation experiences of the body, prothesis and disability must be considered in their diversity, complexity and transformations over time
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Rossetti, Vanina. "Talking through the body. Creating of common world and changing the community through a theatrical performance, a case study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-376702.
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This thesis aims to present a practical example of how art can become an instrument capable of investigating, showing and facing a social problem. For doing so, art can overcome communication issues; secondly, it can create a “common world” of shared values that leads to changes in society. The ethnographic example shown here is set among the theatrical company of the KulturParken association (Uppsala, Sweden), which works with people with disability. The fieldwork focuses on the development and staging of their theatrical show “Sagan om Liv och Lust” which deals with the problem of sexuality and disability. The thesis structure follows two main arguments: communication process and evolution in society. The arguments are framed and analysed through the embodied knowledge concept and Turner’s theory about ritual in theatre, as well as through Kester’s dialogical and relational aesthetic theory and Rancière’s Dissensus one. This thesis highlights how disability arts and a disability aesthetic allowed the members of the company to develop a personal awareness, leading them to overcome self-imposed barriers and those imposed by society. Moreover, it shows how the receivers of the theatrical message become active actors themselves, carrying forward the communicative process.
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Schmitt, Pierre. "Signes d'ouverture : contributions à une anthropologie des pratiques artistiques en langue des signes." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0166.
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Ces contributions à une anthropologie des pratiques artistiques en langue des signes s'articulent autour d'une réflexion associant processus de création, œuvres et publics. L'étude des mises en scènes de la langue des signes, au théâtre, au cinéma, à la télévision, ou en ligne, nécessite la construction d'un modèle sémiotique qui ne sépare pas les locuteurs et les langues en amont de l'analyse. Je fournis ainsi un certain nombre de repères concernant les études linguistiques sur les langues des signes et les "gesture studies" afin d'éclairer les renouvellements épistémologiques et méthodologiques dans l'étude de communication humaine. De la langue à la culture, je reviens également sur l'étude des sourds comme groupe culturel et linguistique par les "Deaf studies" dans la mesure où si de nombreux travaux qui en relèvent sont connus en France, rares sont les publications qui interrogent ce champ en tant que tel. L'exposé de leurs relations avec les "disability studies" et de certains positionnements vis-à-vis de la catégorie du « handicap » constituent une autre contribution nécessaire afin de mieux comprendre les cadres contemporains au sein desquels les pratiques artistiques en langue des signes se développent et se diffusent. Les textes théoriques contribuant à une institutionnalisation des pratiques artistiques en langue des signes sont aussi très rares. C'est pourquoi je me suis livré à l'exégèse des « nouvelles directions et définitions » proposées par Dorothy Miles et Louie Fant en 1976, dans le contexte américain de professionnalisation du « théâtre sourd » au sein du National Theatre of the Deaf. Je présente ensuite ce dernier et l'évolution de ses créations afin de rendre compte de son influence sur les débuts de l'International Visual Theatre en France. Et si c'est par le théâtre que les pratiques artistiques en langue des signes ont été professionnalisées et sont entrées dans l'espace public, la popularité actuelle du « chansigne » m'a conduit à m'interroger sur l'identité de ses praticien-ne-s et la diversité de ses formes. L'étude des créations audiovisuelles qui y sont liées offrait une étude de cas pour appliquer une analyse multimodale tenant compte des langues mises en scène, de l'identité et des compétences des artistes, des intentions artistiques et des publics visés. Enfin, au sein d'un monde de l'art signant, l'étude de festivals comme contexte de réception m'a permis de documenter la manière dont l'évolution des inter-actions entre sourds et entendants par le partage de la langue des signes contribuent à l'émergence d'une « communauté signante »These contributions to an anthropology of artistic practices in sign language associate thoughts on creative processes, works of art and audiences. Studying sign language "mises en scènes", in theater, in movies, on television, or online, requires a semiotic model that does not separate speakers and languages before undertaking analysis. I thus provide some insight on gesture studies and linguistic studies on signs in order to shed light on current epistemological and methodological issues in the study of human communication. From language to culture, I will also address the description of deaf people as a cultural and linguistic group by Deaf studies. Deaf studies are known in France but French works interrogating their very existence as a field are rare. Presenting the relationship between Deaf studies and disability studies will be another necessary step toward understanding the contemporary frameworks within which artistic practices in sign language are developing and spreading. Theoretical texts contributing to the institutionalization of artistic practices in sign language are also rare. This is why I dedicated myself to a thorough investigation of the "new directions and definitions" suggested by Dorothy Miles and Louie Fant in 1976, in the context of professionalization of "deaf theater" within the National Theater of the Deaf. I then present the NTD and the evolution of its creations to highlight its influence on the beginnings of the International Visual Theater in France.While artistic practices in sign language have been professionalized and entered public space through theatre, current popularity of "singing in sign language" has led me to question its practitioners' identities and the diversity of its forms. The study of sign language music videos has offered a case study to apply a multimodal analysis, taking into account staged languages, artists' identities and skills, artistic intentions and targeted audiences. Finally, within a signing art world, the study of festivals as reception context allowed me to document how evolutions of deaf/hearing interactions through the sharing of sign language contribute to the emergence of a "signing community"
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Eugene, Nicole C. "Sleeping Everywhere: Narrating How People with Narcolepsy Navigate Everyday Life." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1500648248226989.
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Duhamel, Virginie. "Les représentations du handicap. Approche anthropologique des systèmes politiques et de santé du Sud-Ouest de la France." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU1061/document.
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Cette thèse explore les représentations sociales du handicap dans la société française en interrogeant la question fondamentale de l’altérité, notre regard de la différence, aux croisées des domaines de la politique et de la santé. L’observation participante menée dans le Sud-Ouest a mis en exergue l’héritage culturel dont sont issues les représentations actuelles du handicap : fantasmes, peurs, idée de contagion du handicap … La représentation sociale aurait donc peu évolué malgré la mondialisation de la culture (J.P. Warnier, 2008). Réduit à l’image du fauteuil roulant, la question du handicap repose davantage sur un enjeu politique et de santé puisqu’il est au cœur de l’évolution sociétale. En effet, la loi du 11 février 2005 impose aux collectivités leur accessibilité afin de permettre l’égalité des chances des personnes en situation de handicap. Par cette mise en conformité de l’environnement, l’image du handicap se réduit à la mobilité. Ainsi, il semblerait qu’il persiste une volonté inconsciente à ramener les personnes handicapées à la marge de la société. Par conséquent, nous pouvons confirmer que les représentations sociales détiennent toujours et encore une place importante dans le comportement collectif. Les faire évoluer passe alors par l’acquisition d’un savoir expérientiel. C’est pourquoi, nous avons souhaité vérifier cette hypothèse grâce à une enquête qualitative menée auprès des étudiants en soins infirmiersThis thesis deals with the social representations of handicap in French society, by questionning the fundamental subject of otherness, our conception of difference, in both political and sanitary fields. The observation held in South West region highlighted the cultural and heritage of where the current representations of handicap come from : fantasies, fears, idea of a contagion of handicap... the social representation would therefore have barely progressed in spite of the globalization of culture (J.P. Warnier, 2008). Limited to the picture of a wheelchair, the subject of handicap consists more in a political and sanitary stake, since it is in the heart of the evolution of society. As a matter of fact, the law of February 11th 2005 impose on communities to assure their accessibility, in order to allow equal opportunities for handicapped people. Through this compliance of the environment, the conception of handicap is limited to mobility. Therefore, it seems that there is still an unconscious will to keep handicapped people at the margin of society. Therefore, we can claim that social representations still hold an important role in collective behavior. Their evolution requires to purchase an experiential knowledge. That's why we wanted to corroborate this statement thanks to a qualitative investigation organized with students in nursing school
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Heap, Marion. "Crossing social boundaries and dispersing social identity : tracing deaf networks from Cape Town." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53339.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The conciliatory discourse of the South African Deaf social movement claims a commonality across South Africa's historical divides on the basis of a 'Deaf culture'. This claim in view of South Africa's deeply entrenched 'racial' divisions triggered this study. The study investigates the construction of Deaf identity and emphasizes the crossing of social boundaries in Cape Town, a society with a long history of discriminatory boundaries based on race. The study was carried out among adults who became deaf as children, the group for whom deafness, commonly viewed as both sensory and social deficit, is said to pose considerable linguistic, social and cultural challenges. It focused on strategies that deal with being deaf in a predominantly hearing world. To identify strategies, for this population without a geographical base, the study traced networks of social relationships. Fieldwork was carried out from September 1995 to December 2001. Between September 1995 and December 1997 research included systematic participant observation and informal interviews. Between January 1998 and December 2001 , continuing with participant observation and informal interviews, the study added formal interviews with a sample population of 94 deaf people across Cape Town, collected by the snowball method. The profile of this sample shows a relatively heterogeneous population on the basis of demographic factors and residential area but similarity on the basis of first language, Sign. The study demonstrates that history imposed boundaries. It categorized the Deaf as different from the hearing and in addition, in South Africa, produced further differentiation on the basis of apartheid category, age, Deaf school attended, method of education and spoken language. In this historical context the study identified a key strategy, 'Signing spaces'. A Signing space, identifiable on the basis of Sign-based communication, is a set of networks that extends from the deaf individual to include deaf and hearing people. On analysis it comprises a Sign-hear and a Sign-Q.e.gfspace. In Sign-~ networks, hearing people predominate. Relationships are domestic and near neighbourhood. In Sign-~ networks, deaf people predominate. Relationships are sociable and marked by familiarity. The study found that via the Signing space, the Deaf subvert deafness as deficit to recoup a social identity that is multi-faceted and dispersed across context. Boundaries crossed also vary by context and by networks. Sign-~ networks address the hearing boundary. Limits could be identified in the public arena, when barriers to communication and a poor supply of professional Sign language interpreters again rendered deafness as deficit. The boundaries of the Sign-deaf networks were difficult to determine and suggest the potential, facilitated by Sign language, to transcend South Africa's spoken languages and the related historical divisions. Sign-~ networks also suggest the additional potential, in sociable contexts, to transcend spoken language, trans-nationally. But mutual intelligibility of Sign language and the familiarity, communality and commonality it offered did not deny an awareness of historical differentiation and discrimination, as a case of leadership succession presented as a 'social drama' shows. However, the process of the 'social drama' also demonstrates that conflict, crises, and a discourse that reflects South Africa's historical divisions need not threaten a broader commonality.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die oorsteek van maatskaplike grense en verbreiding van maatskaplike identiteit: die nagaan van netwerke vir Dowes van Kaapstad Die bemiddelende diskoers van die Suid-Afrikaanse maatskaplike beweging vir Dowes maak op grond van 'n 'Dowe kultuur' aanspraak op 'n algemeenheid wat oor Suid-Afrika se geskiedkundige verdeeldhede heen strek. Hierdie aanspraak het, in die lig van Suid- Afrika se diepgewortelde 'rasseverdelings' , tot hierdie navorsing aanleiding gegee. Die navorsing ondersoek die vorming van 'n Dowe identiteit en beklemtoon die oorsteek van maatskaplike grense in Kaapstad, 'n gemeenskap met 'n lang verlede van diskriminerende grense wat op ras gebaseer is. Die navorsing is gedoen onder volwassenes wat as kinders doof geword het. Vir hierdie groep, waar dit gewoonlik as 'n sensoriese en sosiale gebrek beskou word, hou doofheid aansienlike linguistiese, sosiale en kulturele uitdagings in. Die navorsing fokus op strategieë wat te make het met doof wees in 'n oorheersend horende wêreld. Om vir hierdie bevolking sonder 'n geografiese basis strategieë te identifiseer, het die navorsing maatskaplike verhoudingsnetwerke nagegaan. Veldwerk is tussen September 1995 en Desember 2001 gedoen. Tussen September 1995 en Desember 1997 het die navorsing stelselmatige waarneming van die deelnemers en informele onderhoude met hulle behels. Hierdie waarneming en informele onderhoude is tussen Januarie 1998 en Desember 2001 voortgesit, maar die navorsing het nou ook formele onderhoude met 'n steekproefbevolking van 94 dowe mense van regoor Kaapstad ingesluit. Hiervoor is van die sneeubalmetode gebruik gemaak. Die profiel van hierdie steekproef toon 'n relatief heterogene bevolking op grond van demografiese faktore en woongebied, maar ooreenkoms op grond van eerste taal, naamlik Gebaretaal. Die navorsing toon aan dat grense deur die geskiedenis opgelê is. Dit het Dowes as verskillend van horendes gekategoriseer, en het daardeur in Suid-Afrika tot verdere differensiasie op grond van die apartheidskategorie, ouderdom, watter doweskool bygewoon is, wyse van onderrig en gesproke taal aanleiding gegee. In hierdie geskiedkundige konteks het die navorsing 'n belangrike strategie, 'Gebare-ruimtes', geïdentifiseer. 'n Gebare-ruimte wat uitgeken kan word op grond van Gebaar-gebaseerde kommunikasie, is 'n stel netwerke wat van die dowe individu af uitbrei om dowe en horende mense in te sluit. Uit 'n analise blyk dit dat dit 'n Gebaar-horende en Gebaar-dowe ruimte behels. In Gebaar-horende netwerke oorheers horende mense. Verhoudinge word in die huis en met die naaste bure aangegaan. In Gebaar-dowe netwerke oorheers dowe mense. Verhoudings is gesellig van aard en word deur ongedwongenheid gekenmerk. Die navorsing het bevind dat die Dowe doofheid as gebrek deur middel van die Gebaarruimte omkeer om 'n veelvlakkige maatskaplike identiteit wat dwarsoor die konteks versprei is, te behels. Grense wat oorgesteek word, varieer ook in konteks en ten opsigte van netwerke. Gebaar-horende netwerke fokus op die horende grens. Beperkinge kon in die openbare arena geïdentifiseer word in gevalle waar hindernisse ten opsigte van kommunikasie en gebrekkige voorsiening van Gebaretaal-tolke weer doofheid as 'n gebrek voorgestel het. Dit was moeilik om die grense van die Gebaar- ~ netwerke te bepaal en dit suggereer die potensiaalom, gefasiliteer deur Gebaretaal, Suid-Afrikaanse tale en die gepaardgaande geskiedkundige verdelings te transendeer. Gebaar-dowe netwerke suggereer ook die addisionele potensiaal om gesproke taal, in gesellige kontekste trans-nasionaal te transendeer. Maar onderlinge verstaanbaarheid van Gebaretaal en die ongedwongenheid, gemeenskaplikheid en algemeenheid wat dit gebied het, het nie 'n bewustheid van geskiedkundige differensiasie en diskriminasie ontken nie, soos 'n geval van opvolging van leierskap, wat as 'n 'sosiale drama' aangebied is, getoon het. Die proses van die 'sosiale drama' toon ook dat konflik, krisisse en 'n diskoers wat Suid-Afrika se geskiedkundige verdelings weerspieël, nie 'n wyer algemeenheid hoef te bedreig nie.
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De, Winnaar Mariska. "Good in theory but not in practice : exploring perspectives on inclusive education." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85706.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The introduction of inclusive education in the South African educational system may be seen as one of the first steps to promote equality and human rights in post-apartheid South Africa. With the implementation of inclusive education, education became less segregated and fragmented, with the aim of ensuring equal learning opportunities for all children, including those with disabilities. The main driving force of inclusive education in South Africa is the Education White Paper 6 on Special Needs Education: Building an inclusive education and training system published in 2001. The aim of this study was to understand inclusive education from the perspectives of those who are charged with the implementation thereof. Classroom educators (teachers) together with district-based support teams are seen as the primary resource for achieving the goal of an inclusive education and training system. This study focused on the perspectives of teachers from one primary and one secondary school in one education district (Education District A) and District-based support team members from another education district (Education District B) in the Western Cape. The study takes on a social constructionist paradigm and illustrates how our understanding and conceptualisation of disability have changed overtime. A social constructionist paradigm highlights the way in which disability is a socially constructed and how it changes according to our understanding thereof. The different models of disability and the role of education was also a main focus of this study. A qualitative research design was used, with purposive and opportunity sampling being applied. Data was gathered using focus groups and in-depth semi-structured interviews and was analysed using thematic analysis. The key findings of this study showed that the teachers and district-based support team members believe that inclusive education can be successful in South Africa provided that changes are made in how it is currently conceptualised and implemented. The teachers have a very different perspective on inclusive education from the support team members. The teachers believe that the success of inclusive education can only be ensured if barriers to teaching are prevented or eradicated, while the support team members believe the success of inclusive education depends on the identification and prevention of barriers to learning. Both groups do however believe that inclusive education is a very good ideal to strive towards but that it has not yet been achieved and that the inclusion and education of all learners are of great importance.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die bekendstelling van inklusiewe onderwys in die Suid-Afrikaanse onderwysstelsel kan gesien word as een van die eerste stappe om gelykheid en menseregte in post-apartheid Suid-Afrika te bevorder. Met die implementering van inklusiewe onderwys het die onderwysstelsel meer toeganklik en minder gefragmenteerd geword. Die doel van inklusiewe onderwys is om te verseker dat alle kinders, ook dié met gestremdhede, gelyke leergeleenthede kry. Die belangrikste dryfkrag agter inklusiewe onderwys in Suid-Afrika is die Onderwys Witskrif 6 oor Spesiale Onderwys: Die bou van 'n inklusiewe onderwys-en opleidingstelsel wat in 2001 gepubliseer is. Die doel van hierdie studie was om inklusiewe onderwys vanuit die perspektiewe van diegene wat dit moet implementeer te verstaan. Klaskamer opvoeders (onderwysers) asook distrikgebaseerde kringondersteuningspanne word gesien as die primêre bronne vir die bereiking van 'n inklusiewe onderwys-en opleidingstelsel. Hierdie studie het op die perspektiewe van onderwysers, van een primêre en een sekondêre skool in een onderwysdistrik (Onderwysdistrik A), en kringondersteuningspanlede, van ʼn tweede onderwysdistrik (Onderwysdistrik B), in die Wes-Kaap gefokus. Die studie neem 'n sosiale konstruktivistiese paradigma aan en illustreer hoe ons begrip en definiëring van gestremdheid oor tyd verander het. 'n Sosiale konstruktivistiese paradigma beklemtoon die manier waarop gestremdheid sosiaal gekonstrueer is en hoe dit verander volgens hoe ons begrip daarvan verander. Die verskillende modelle van gestremdheid en die rol van onderwys was ook 'n hooffokus van hierdie studie. 'n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsontwerp is gebruik, doelgerigte steekproefneming en geleentheid-steekproefneming was toegepas om die deelnemers te kies. Data is ingesamel deur middel van fokusgroepe en in-diepte semigestruktureerde onderhoude en is ontleed deur gebruik te maak van tematiese analise. Die belangrikste bevindings van hierdie studie was dat die onderwysers en distrikgebaseerde kringondersteuningspanlede van mening is dat inklusiewe onderwys slegs in Suid-Afrika suksesvol kan wees mits daar veranderinge gemaak word in hoe ons dit tans konseptualiseer en implementeer. Die onderwysers se perspektief van inklusiewe onderwys verskil heelwat van die perspektiewe van die kringondersteuningspanlede. Die onderwysers is van mening dat van inklusiewe onderwys slegs verseker sal wees indien hindernisse wat onderrig verhoed, voorkom of uitgewis word. Kringondersteuningspanlede is weer van mening die sukses van inklusiewe onderwys afhang van die identifisering en voorkoming van hindernisse van leer. Beide groepe is egter van mening dat inklusiewe onderwys 'n baie goeie ideaal is om na te streef, maar dat dit nog nie bereik is nie, ook dat die insluiting en opvoeding van alle leerders van groot belang is.
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Lawson, Michael David. "Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3538.
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Using the lives of impaired individuals catalogued in the Íslendingasögur as a narrative framework, this study examines medieval Scandinavian social views regarding impairment from the ninth to the thirteenth century. Beginning with the myths and legends of the eddic poetry and prose of Iceland, it investigates impairment in Norse pre-Christian belief; demonstrating how myth and memory informed medieval conceptualizations of the body. This thesis counters scholarly assumptions that the impaired were universally marginalized across medieval Europe. It argues that bodily difference, in the Norse world, was only viewed as a limitation when it prevented an individual from fulfilling roles that contributed to their community. As Christianity’s influence spread and northern European powers became more focused on state-building aims, Scandinavian societies also slowly began to transform. Less importance was placed on the community in favor of the individual and policies regarding bodily difference likewise changed; becoming less inclusive toward the impaired.
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Possi, Abdallah [Verfasser], and Heiner [Akademischer Betreuer] Bielefeld. "Persons with Disability’s Right to Work in Africa: A Comparative Study of Employment and Disability Laws, Policies and Relevant Institutional Mechanisms of Tanzania and Selected African States / Abdallah Possi. Gutachter: Heiner Bielefeld." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075479827/34.
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Phillips, Matthew Todd. "The Millennium and the Madhouse: Institution and Intervention in Woodrow Wilson's Progressive Statecraft." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1310738105.
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Roxell, Josefine, and Olivia Strandberg. "”Det är ju inte direkt så att man kan ta ett jobb i kassan på ICA.” : -En sociologisk studie om hur arbetsmarknaden upplevs av akademiskt utbildade personer med funktionsnedsättning." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Sociologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-37372.
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The aim of this study is to examine the description of experiences in the field of employment for people with disabilities who hold academic qualifications. The collection of empirical data has been prepared through semi-structured qualitative interviews conducted with five people working in the same industry with various occupational categories. The report is based on Pierre Bourdieu's theory of capital, field and habitus. According to the study, the majority of those interviewed said that a well-established professional network can be a decisive factor in the search for work and equally important an academic qualification can open up the door to more opportunities in the labor market. Furthermore, a considerable proportion of the interviewees also outlined that due to their disability they do not have the ability to perform all type of work, such as a physical demanding job and they therefore said that to hold an academic qualification facilitates by the fact that the public sector often is less physically demanding. Moreover, the result outlines that the interviewees habitus is very much characterized by the right to be like "everyone else". Social capital also play a significant part in the decision making regarding higher academic qualifications.Denna studie syftar till att skapa en djupare förståelse för hur personer i åldern 30-40 år med funktionsnedsättning och akademisk utbildning beskriver sina erfarenheter av arbetsmarknaden. Den insamlade empirin har framtagits genom semi-strukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer med fem personer som arbetar inom samma bransch inom olika yrkeskategorier. Den teori som studien utgått ifrån har varit Pierre Bourdieus teori om kapital, fält och habitus. Studiens resultat visar att den studerade gruppen beskrivit att ett stort kontaktnät kan vara en avgörande faktor vid arbetssökandet samt att en akademisk utbildning öppnar upp fler möjligheter på arbetsmarknaden. Flertalet av intervjupersonerna har beskrivit att deras funktionsnedsättning medför att de inte har möjlighet att utföra alla typer av arbeten som till exempel ett fysiskt arbete. En akademisk utbildning underlättar då genom att tjänstemannayrken ofta är mindre fysiska. Vidare visade resultatet att intervjupersonerna habitus präglas mycket av rätten att vara som "alla andra". Det sociala kapitalet spelar även en viktig roll för valet av vidareutbildning då studien visat att samtliga intervjupersoner har minst en förälder med en akademisk bakgrund.
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Behrisch, Birgit. "Leiberfahrung – Körperbetrachtung – Wirklichkeit." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät IV, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16662.
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Die qualitative Studie befasst sich mit der Lebenslage von (Ehe-)Paaren, welche in ihrer gemeinsamen Zeit als Zweierbeziehung den Eintritt einer sogenannten „Spätbehinderung“ durch plötzliches Krankheits- oder Unfallgeschehen oder aufgrund einer chronischen Erkrankung erleben. Die inhaltliche Fragestellung richtet sich auf die soziale Handlungspraxis partnerschaftlicher Arbeitsorganisation im Zusammenhang mit dem Eintritt einer körperlichen „Behinderung“ sowie auf die partnerschaftliche Deutung von „Körperbehinderung“ im Rahmen der dyadischen Wirklichkeitskonstruktion. In Erweiterung des aktuellen Forschungsstands wird diesbezüglich nicht allein auf die individuelle Sichtweise des „betroffenen Partners“ oder des „angehörigen Partners“ fokussiert, sondern auch die gemeinsame Ebene dyadischer Wirklichkeitskonstruktion miteinbezogen. Die Datengrundlage dieser Studie im Stil der Grounded Theory Methodologie bilden fünfzehn Interviewreihen, bestehend aus einem Paarinterview (narratives Interview) und anschließenden Einzelinterviews (problemzentriertes Interview) mit jedem Partner. Im Ergebnisteil verdeutlichen sieben Fallbeschreibungen die komplexe paarspezifische Bearbeitung einer „Spätbehinderung“ im Rahmen von Biographie, Ressourcen und Körperlichkeit. Theoretisch verdichtet werden die Ergebnisse in einer Konzeption partnerschaftlicher Konstruktion von Behinderung im Kontext von Leiberfahrung und Körperbetrachtung. Die partnerschaftliche Alltagsverhandlung dreht sich im Zuge der Neukonstruktion von Alltag und „Normalität“ um die körperliche Funktionsfähigkeit des Partners mit Beeinträchtigung und verhandelt dessen Veränderung der Körperlichkeit dabei gleichzeitig mit, wobei körperliche, kulturelle, medizinische und sozialpolitische Aspekte in die partnerschaftliche Deutung mit hinein spielen. Zudem berühren derlei Aushandlungen zentrale Grunddefinitionen von Partnerschaft wie Individualitätsentfaltung, Intimität und Privatheit.This study focusses on the circumstances of marriage and quasi-marital couples, which experience together diability in later couple lifetime by occurence of chronical illness or impairment of one of the couples members. The contentwise question is on one hand targeted at the social practice of work processes and tasks of couples related to the life change through the occurence of impairment. On the other hand the study demands on the couples interpretation of this experience. The data basis consists of fifteen narrative interview cycles each containing one interview with the couple plus one interview with each marriage partner. Here the situation of a suddenly interruption of everyday life through an event of accident or illness has been contrasted with the situation of chronic ailment with its progressing loss of physical power. The study approach of interviewing, analysing and interpretation founds on the principles of the Grounded Theory Methodology. The results are presented twofold. Firstly seven case reconstructions clarify the couple''s coping with physical body change in the context of biography, capabilities and resources, and physicality and illustrate similarities and differences of the couple’s topics. After this a conception of the couple''s construction of reality in the case of an impairment experience were tendered. It describes the couple’s experience of change, disability and normality as a experience of the physical and functional body, which cannot be extricated from cultural and socio-political framing. Specifically, the main topic of the couple’s negotation concern on the one hand the self-activity of the partner with impairment and on the other hand the availability of the other part and his / her duty to compensate for both the lack of paid work and the increasing amount of time spent for everyday life. Significant is the fact that in this process challenge central positions of the couple’s intimacy and privateness.
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Orlando, Rebekah. "Gimp Anthropology: Non-Apparent Disabilities and Navigating the Social." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/64712.
Full textAbstract:
Individuals with non-apparent, physical disabilities face unique social challenges from those that are encountered by the more visibly disabled. The absence of visible cues indicating physical impairment causes ambiguity in social situations, leaving the sufferer vulnerable to moral judgments and social sanctions when they are unable to embody and perform to cultural norms. This dynamic generates a closeted status that the individual must learn to navigate. Using Eve Sedgwick's "The Epistemology of the Closet," this paper deploys auto-ethnography, traditional ethnographic techniques, and literature reviews to illuminate a third space of functioning between the outwardly 'healthy' and the visibly disabled.
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Hadder, Richard Neill 1970. "Apparitions of difference: essays on the vocation of reflexive anthropology." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3483.
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When the author sets out to use anthropology to understand his physical blindness, he discovers a dialectical tension between empirical observation versus heuristics that is held in common by both ethnography and disability. Ensuing discussions synthesize personal experience with the history of anthropology and the philosophy of science in order to construct a critical dialogue in which blindness can be understood anthropologically, while the individuality of the experience of blindness ultimately pushes ethnography past its generic limits. The essays argue that the study of cultural differences cannot apprehend disability processually. Disability is instead properly understood as an unshared individual difference dissociated from communicative practice and learned practices of embodiment, dissociated as well by ethnographic accounts of collective practices. Individual difference is disabling; meanwhile, ideologically, the visible products of disability are driven into the individual body, qualifying it as disabled, without reference to the generative process. This exploration becomes an application of "reflexive anthropology," which departs qualitatively from the conventional project of ethnography by centering critical attention on the interlocutory field that includes the anthropologist as a fully invested participant. It remediates the situated cultural production of one's own knowledge and experience, which opens the possibility to become attentive to the individual differences that constitute the present. The essays historicize three advents in interpretive anthropology: the repulsion of the study of mind by the study of interpretation, the flirtation with and rapid domestication of the self within the representation of the other, and the divorce between the critical study of texts versus the empirical study of language. The approach incorporates discourse pragmatics and practice theory, but also post-objectivist sensibilities. However, the discourse of affirmation associated with poststructuralism is here replaced with one stemming from suffering and disability. Collectively, the essays argue that the ethical practice of "thinking anthropologically" outside ethnography, by students and anthropologists as students, warrants programmatic attention.
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Gerlin, Gerpha. "Autoethnographic reflections on subjectivity and chronic mental illness." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/36525.
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This project emerges from engaging and studying the lives, including mine, of the many who go—and stay—crazy. Here, I explore the kinds of existences that those impaired by severe and persistent mental illness(es), what I refer to henceforth as “chronic mental illness”— have had (or been able) to forge and leverage, as well as some of the resources and structures they have developed/manipulated in order to do so.
This thesis explores one way in which chronically mentally ill people exact agency over their own embattled personhood. The term “personhood” draws from existential traditions in philosophy and theology (Strawson 1959; Taylor 1989, 127-142; Rosfort 2018), though I understand and use it here as it is relevant to phenomenological psychopathology. By “personhood”, I mean the normative traits of a society wherein individuals are recognized by seemingly “common” traits of humanity. While there is not, as philosopher Robert Spaemann contends, “a [single] characteristic that can be called ‘being a person’” (Spaemann 1996, 14), to understand human beings (being) is to also grapple with the ethical demands of intentionality, autonomy, experience, and subjectivity.
By “subjectivity”, I refer to the innumerable and descriptive components that comprise individual, relational, and intersubjective experience(s). These components, and how they are known and described, emerges from a self-awareness in maneuvering the world and, consequently, developing a particular lifeworld. My interests in personhood and subjectivity emerge from the assumption that “the fragility of human identity is rooted in the various ways in which our biology challenges our experience of being an autonomous self” (Ricoeur 1966; Ricoeur 1970, 472; Rosfort 2018, 5). Part of what complicates personal identity is the impossibility of grounding personhood in either biological otherness or an intrinsic, pre-reflective selfhood. Being a person is “the task of becoming […] concrete […] through the constant encounter with the otherness that is an inescapable part of one’s identity” (Rosfort 2018, 6). Seeing a person, Ricoeur believes, requires the perpetual examination of experiential tensions among identity traits that go beyond biological reductionism and constancy. Illness narratives are useful tools for understanding the extent to which disability incites a fundamental interrogation of the self, as well as a reckoning of practices of self-recognition and phenomenological metamorphosis.
This multi-field site investigation engages self-identifying psychiatrically disabled people via participant-observation at three peer support networks within the greater Boston area. Data, by way of stories recounted and collected, is framed by my own lived experience participating in similar structures, both in-person and online. Stories from both occasions, including interview data and media analysis, are relayed as means of triangulation. This project relies on sociologist Noman Denzin’s concept of “cumulative epiphanies” (Denzin 1989), or, moments wherein ill authors/speakers recognize the extent to which their personhood was honed through the medium of the illness itself (Frank 1993, 46).
In large part, this project explores ways that people experiencing disabling effects of mental illness learn to take care of themselves. It pays particular attention to how the personal views of people with such illnesses shape the construction and layout of varied peer support networks. Although it considers general psychiatric practice involving prescribing clinicians (e.g., physician or nurse practitioner) and non-prescribing clinicians (e.g., talk therapists), the central objective is to consider the emergence of mutual support, or “self-help” models, as a mode of constructing a new sense of self/advocating for unmet needs within traditional medical practice.
More broadly, this project maps the reflexive transformation(s) of person into patient and the varied methods of healing and treatment that the chronically mentally ill utilize in such contexts. It considers the emergence of PSNs as a counter/cultural borderland (Kleinman 1980; Garcia 2016) between the social “psy”ences (Matza 2013; Raikhel & Bemme 2016) and psychiatry. As a theoretical fusion of history of psychiatry, sociology of mental health, and phenomenology, I trouble the parameters within which PSNs and their participants help craft, shape, and directing a particular kind of experience of mental illness, suffering, and/or convalescence.
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"Interactions in Healthcare: Social Perceptions and Experiences of Physical Disability Among Diné Individuals With Physical Disabilities, Family Members, and Diné/Non Indigenous Service Providers and Healthcare Workers." Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.57437.
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abstract: In this dissertation, I examine how social perceptions of physical disability shape interactions in healthcare. Drawing upon the lived experience and insights of Diné (Navajo) individuals with physical disabilities, family members, and Diné/non-indigenous healthcare workers and service providers, I explore the interrelationship of social perceptions of physical disability with understandings of identity and performance of personhood. Embedded within discourses and critiques of ableism/disablism, narratives highlight the interconnection of constructs of personhood and productivity.
Findings show that social perceptions of physical disability are closely linked to broader cultural norms surrounding concepts of health/illness. I offer a critical analysis of contemporary impacts of colonization and historical trauma on the physical, emotional, sociocultural and economic wellbeing of Diné people and those who fill service provision roles for this diverse population. Situated within broader contexts of defining constructs of ‘Whiteness’ and ‘Indigeneity’, the role of culture and discourses regarding stereotypes are particularly prominent factors in shaping relationships.
This interdisciplinary ethnography brings together contributions from Anthropology, Disability Studies, and Indigenous paradigms. Placing a particular emphasis on the social dynamics in two urban centers in the state of Arizona, this ethnography centers on analyzing areas of medical practice that work well, as well as gaps in the provision of healthcare services, with a particular focus on systemic and infrastructural barriers. These concerns are shared not only by Diné individuals with
physical disabilities and family members, but also by non-indigenous service providers and healthcare professionals.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2020
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(7894955), Katie Marie Whitmore. "A Life Course Approach to Health in the Ancient Nile Valley." Thesis, 2019.
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This dissertation employs a multiscalar, life course approach to examine health in the ancient Nile Valley (c. 2000- 660 BCE) by analyzing population- and individual-level data of skeletal indicators of stress, health, and pathological conditions. Specifically, this dissertation explores a more detailed reconstruction of health under a life course approach through the inclusion of individuals of all ages, a contextualization of social and biological age categories, the examination of multiple non-specific indicators of general health/stress, and the timing and development of specific conditions. Results of the population-level data are expanded and highlighted through the examination of individual experiences of health, specifically those related to growing old, impairment, and disability. Population-level data examining cribra orbitalia and LEH demonstrated a significant difference between individuals that survived periods of childhood stress (adults) and non-survivors (juveniles) when examining cribra orbitalia. More specifically, there are relatively high frequencies of cribra orbitalia in individuals in the late juvenile social age category (7 – 14 years) and the transition adult social age category (14 - 20 years). A broad examination of old age at Tombos reveals that many individuals were living into their 60s, 70s, and 80s. Individuals at Tombos do not have many indicators of osteoarthritis or entheseal changes, indicating that the inhabitants of Tombos were not subjected to strenuous physical activities throughout their life. Individuals throughout the Tombos cemetery display oral health issues; it is common for members of this community to have significant dental wear, carious lesions, abscesses, and antemortem tooth loss. A case study of an older Tombos adult (U34.B1) investigates the intersection of old age, impairment, and disability through the consideration of the physical changes related to degenerative joint disease and oral health and the impact to U34.B1’s mobility, pain level, and daily life. Acute care related to a severe, non-union femoral neck fracture at the end of life is also considered for U34.B1. Finally, impairment and disability are considered in another individual (U35.Sh2.B10) with Léri-Weill dyschondrosteosis by utilizing the bioarchaeology of care approach. Overall, this dissertation demonstrates that population-level and individual-level analysis can incorporate various types of contextual data gathered using a culturally specific lens to create a rich narrative of health in the past.
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McNally, Kellan Iscah. "Hardily working: stories of labor in a state mental hospital." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/36012.
Full textAbstract:
Nineteenth-century state mental hospitals across New England and the United States are linked today with images of confinement, forced treatment, torture, abandonment, and family separation. This project does not directly challenge those associations. An ethnographic study in medical anthropology, this study is based on three years of fieldwork observations and qualitative interviews with neighbors, townspeople, former employees, and visitors to the open campus of a decommissioned state mental hospital in Massachusetts. Excavated from that hospital’s annual reports dating back to 1896 and gathered from local memories and storytelling, this projects considers the central place that work once held in the lives of psychiatric patients at Medfield State Hospital and the place that idleness holds for patients living within today’s institution of community care. Participants’ memories track the shifting perceptions and meanings of mental illness that resulted once “industrial therapy” programs were ended in state mental hospitals. This inquiry describes the ways that the loss of work changed psychiatric patients’ experiences of suffering, promoting the use of new chemical treatments, accelerating deinstitutionalization, and catalyzing new patterns nationally of service utilization and psychiatric disability. From participants’ memories and the author’s reflections on clinical practice as an independently licensed social worker (LICSW) in Massachusetts, this analysis uncovers the social functions of staying sick within contexts of unequal opportunity and joblessness. This study reveals the complicated and punishing work of surviving and helping people survive across de-industrialized landscapes as mental health practitioners assist the disenfranchised by recasting social suffering into psychiatric illness with treatment-induced embodiments that simultaneously help to manage poverty and perpetuate risk within disabilized citizens.
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(10789695), Adriana Catalina Garcia Acevedo. "AUTISTIC ADULTS AND THEIR INTERSECTIONS: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH TO CULTURAL CONCEPTIONS OF DISABILITY IN INDIGENOUS, CAMPESINOS AND URBAN FAMILIES IN COLOMBIA." Thesis, 2021.
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This ethnographic project delves into the spheres of life of three autistic adults and their families. This thesis analyzes their experiences, current routines, and personal and family narratives about what it means to be an autistic adult across different identities and geographies. This thesis also identifies forms of knowledge that arise in these life experiences and shape strategies, decisions, or attitudes taken to navigate through life or overcome possible difficulties in their present and futures. This research takes place in Colombia, a diverse country and engages with anthropology of the everyday, sensory anthropology and disability studies.
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Perry, Karen-Marie Elah. "Virtual reality and the clinic: an ethnographic study of the Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment (The CAREN Research Study)." Thesis, 2018. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9261.
Full textAbstract:
At the Ottawa Hospital in Ontario, Canada, clinicians use full body immersion virtual reality to treat a variety of health conditions, including: traumatic brain injuries, post- traumatic stress disorder, acquired brain injuries, complex regional pain syndrome, spinal cord injuries, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and lower limb amputations. The system is shared between military and civilian patient populations. Viewed by clinicians and the system’s designers as a value neutral medical technology, clinical virtual reality’s sights, sounds, movements, and smells reveal cultural assumptions about universal patient experiences. In this dissertation I draw from reflexive feminist research methodologies, visual anthropology and sensory ethnography in a hospital to centre the body in current debates about digital accessibility in the 21st Century. 40 in-depth interviews with practitioners and patients, 210 clinical observations, and film and photography ground research participant experiences in day-to-day understandings of virtual reality at the hospital. In this dissertation I address an ongoing absence of the body as a site of analytical attention in anthropological studies of virtual reality. While much literature in the social sciences situates virtual reality as a ‘post-human’ technology, I argue that virtual reality treatments are always experienced, resisted and interpreted through diverse body schemata. Furthermore, virtual reality cannot be decoupled from the sensitivities, socialities and politics of particular bodies in particular places and times. The Ottawa Hospital’s Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment (CAREN) system features a digitally enhanced walk-in chamber, treadmills on hydraulic pistons, surround sound audio, advanced graphics and user feedback utilizing force plates and a dynamic infrared motion capture system. The CAREN system utilizes hardware and software reliant on specific assumptions about human bodies. For example, these assumptions are echoed in depictions of race, gender, class, and indigeneity. Patients using virtual reality technologies can experience more than one disability or health condition at a time, further disrupting the idea of universal user experiences. As clinicians and patients confront the limitations of body normativity in the CAREN system’s interface design, they improvise, resist, and experience virtual reality in ways that defy design agendas, ultimately shaping patient treatments and unique paths to healing and health.Graduate
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Schelberg, Antje. "Leprosen in der mittelalterlichen Gesellschaft." Doctoral thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B4CC-F.
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