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Tolentino, Lorenzo, Mahlet Yigeremu, Sisay Teklu, Shehab Attia, Michael Weiler, Nate Frank, J. Brandon Dixon, and Rudolph L. Gleason. "Three-dimensional camera anthropometry to assess risk of cephalopelvic disproportion-related obstructed labour in Ethiopia." Interface Focus 9, no. 5 (August 16, 2019): 20190036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2019.0036.
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Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)-related obstructed labour requires delivery via Caesarean section (C/S); however, in low-resource settings around the world, facilities with C/S capabilities are often far away. This paper reports three low-cost tools to assess the risk of CPD, well before labour, to provide adequate time for referral and planning for delivery. We performed tape measurement- and three-dimensional (3D) camera-based anthropometry, using two 3D cameras (Kinect and Structure) on primigravida, gestational age ≥ 36 weeks, from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Novel risk scores were developed and tested to identify models with the highest predicted area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUC), detection rate (true positive rate at a 5% false-positive rate, FPR) and triage rate (true negative rate at a 0% false-negative rate). For tape measure, Kinect and Structure, the detection rates were 53%, 61% and 64% (at 5% FPR), the triage rates were 30%, 56% and 63%, and the AUCs were 0.871, 0.908 and 0.918, respectively. Detection rates were 77%, 80% and 84% at the maximum J -statistic, which corresponded to FPRs of 10%, 15% and 11%, respectively, for tape measure, Kinect and Structure. Thus, tape measurement anthropometry was a very good predictor and Kinect and Structure anthropometry were excellent predictors of CPD risk.
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Woldeamanuel, Gashaw Garedew, Teshome Gensa Geta, Tesfaye Petros Mohammed, Mulualem Belachew Shuba, and Temesgen Abera Bafa. "Effect of nutritional status of pregnant women on birth weight of newborns at Butajira Referral Hospital, Butajira, Ethiopia." SAGE Open Medicine 7 (January 2019): 205031211982709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312119827096.
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Back ground: Maternal nutritional status influences the developmental environment of the fetus which consequently affects the birth weight of the newborn. However, the association between maternal nutritional factors and birth weight is complex and is not well characterized in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the effect of maternal anthropometry and biochemical profile on birth weight of babies at Butajira Referral Hospital, Butajira, Ethiopia. Methods and materials: Laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 337 pregnant women at the hospital. Socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics were collected using pre-tested questionnaires. Blood sample was collected from each pregnant women for determination of total serum protein, total serum cholesterol and hemoglobin level. However, maternal dietary habits were not assessed in this study. Results: A total of 337 pregnant women were involved in the study. The mean (standard deviation) birth weight of the newborns was 3.14 ± 0.46 kg. After adjusting for different maternal factors, parity (p = 0.013), hemoglobin level (p = 0.046), pre-pregnancy body mass index (p < 0.001) and weight gain during pregnancy (p < 0.001) were positively associated with birth weight of the newborns, while the associations with total protein (p = 0.822) and total cholesterol (p = 0.423) were not significant. Conclusion: This study has shown that nutritional status of pregnant women as indicated by maternal anthropometry and hemoglobin level was associated with birth weight of the baby. Therefore, nutritional status of the pregnant women should be improved to reduce the risk of low birth weight.
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Wakayo, Tolassa, Tefera Belachew, and Susan J. Whiting. "Serum Vitamin D Level Associates With Handgrip Muscle Strength Among Ethiopian Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 39, no. 1 (August 21, 2017): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572117724545.
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Background: Despite varying serum levels of 25(OH)D among schoolchildren in Ethiopia, data are lacking whether this affects their muscle function as measured by handgrip strength of these children. Handgrip strength may be used as a proxy indicator of muscle strength and function. This study evaluated the association between serum levels of 25(OH)D and handgrip strength among schoolchildren in Ethiopia. Methods: The study used a data set from a school-based cross-sectional study conducted on a total of 174 randomly selected schoolchildren from urban (N = 89) and rural (N = 85) settings of Adama Town and Adama Woreda, respectively. Handgrip strength, serum 25(OH)D levels, and anthropometry were measured for each child following standard procedures, while data on demographic characteristics of children and their parents were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. A multivariable linear regression model was used to determine the association between serum vitamin D level and handgrip strength after adjusting for other predictors. Results: The mean handgrip muscle strength of the students was 17.6 ± 6.9 kg. The average serum 25(OH)D for the group was 54.5 ± 15.8 nmol/L. On multivariable linear regression model, serum 25(OH)D level was significantly associated with handgrip strength (β = 0.06, P = .008) of the children after controlling for potential confounders. Other variables, female gender (β = −2.20, P = .004), age (β = 1.97, P < .001), height (β = .22, P < .001), weight (β = 0.33, P < .001), and triceps skinfold thickness (β = −0.19, P = .023), were identified to have significant association with handgrip strength of schoolchildren. Conclusion: Serum 25(OH)D levels had significant positive association with handgrip strength of Ethiopian schoolchildren. The results imply the need for incorporating school nutrition education on consumption of foods rich in important nutrients including vitamin D-rich foods in the school curricula and also enhancing behavioral change communication toward exposure to sunlight in the school to produce adequate vitamin D. Further longitudinal study involving a larger sample is recommended to confirm the findings.
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Berhane, Hanna Y., Magnus Jirström, Semira Abdelmenan, Yemane Berhane, Beatrix Alsanius, Jill Trenholm, and Eva-Charlotte Ekström. "Social Stratification, Diet Diversity and Malnutrition among Preschoolers: A Survey of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (March 7, 2020): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030712.
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In Sub-Saharan Africa, being overweight in childhood is rapidly rising while stunting is still remaining at unacceptable levels. A key contributor to this double burden of malnutrition is dietary changes associated with nutrition transition. Although the importance of socio-economic drivers is known, there is limited knowledge about their stratification and relative importance to diet and to different forms of malnutrition. The aim of this study was to assess diet diversity and malnutrition in preschoolers and evaluate the relative importance of socioeconomic resources. Households with children under five (5467) were enrolled using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Standardized tools and procedures were used to collect data on diet, anthropometry and socio-economic factors. Multivariable analysis with cluster adjustment was performed. The prevalence of stunting was 19.6% (18.5–20.6), wasting 3.2% (2.8–3.7), and overweight/obesity 11.4% (10.6–12.2). Stunting, overweight, wasting and limited diet diversity was present in all social strata. Low maternal education was associated with an increased risk of stunting (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.8; 1.4–2.2), limited diet diversity (AOR: 0.33; 0.26–0.42) and reduced odds of being overweight (AOR: 0.61; 0.44–0.84). Preschoolers in Addis Ababa have limited quality diets and suffer from both under- and over-nutrition. Maternal education was an important explanatory factor for stunting and being overweight. Interventions that promote diet quality for the undernourished whilst also addressing the burgeoning problem of being overweight are needed.
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Wibneh, Amare, Ashish Kumar Singh, and Sougata Karmakar. "Anthropometric Measurement and Comparative Analysis of Ethiopian Army Personnel Across Age, Ethnicity, and Nationality." Defence Science Journal 70, no. 4 (June 25, 2020): 383–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.70.15435.
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The anthropometric characteristics of the users depend upon the topography, nutrition, age, ethnicity, gender, and living conditions, and play a crucial role in the design of the equipment and the workspace to be used by them. This study aims to establish an anthropometry database for male Ethiopian army personnel and investigate the anthropometric variability across ethnicity, age, and with other countries, with the intention to facilitate ergonomic design and development of various facilities (e.g., equipment/ devices, and workspaces) for the Ethiopian army. Following the reliability assessment of the physical measurement technique, the anthropometric data from 250 Ethiopian male army personnel (four different ethnic groups at different age levels) were collected, and normality of the data set was tested. The anthropometric database of Ethiopian army personnel in terms of range, mean, standard deviation, percentile values (5th, 50th, and 95th) was documented. PCA was applied to select a smaller representative by reducing a larger set of variables for further statistical analysis and applications. ANOVA and follow-up posthoc test (Tukey’s HSD test) were carried out to compare anthropometric differences among different age groups and ethnic variations. The mean anthropometric differences were also compared with databases from other countries (India, Korea, and USA) using t-test. Significant variations were found when the anthropometry was compared between age, ethnicity, and cross-nationals. The findings indicate that variations in age, ethnicity, and geographical factors could have a significant impact on the ergonomic design of equipment and workspaces of Ethiopian army personnel.
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Humphries, Debbie L., Kirk A. Dearden, Benjamin T. Crookston, Tassew Woldehanna, Mary E. Penny, and Jere R. Behrman. "Household food group expenditure patterns are associated with child anthropometry at ages 5, 8 and 12 years in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam." Economics & Human Biology 26 (August 2017): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2017.02.001.
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Humphries, Debbie L., Kirk A. Dearden, Benjamin T. Crookston, Lia C. Fernald, Aryeh D. Stein, Tassew Woldehanna, Mary E. Penny, and Jere R. Behrman. "Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations between Household Food Security and Child Anthropometry at Ages 5 and 8 Years in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam." Journal of Nutrition 145, no. 8 (June 17, 2015): 1924–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.210229.
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Jembere, Muluken, Robel Hussen Kabthymer, and Amare Deribew. "Determinants of Anemia Among Children Aged 6 to 59 Months in Dilla Town, Southern Ethiopia: A Facility Based Case Control Study." Global Pediatric Health 7 (January 2020): 2333794X2097423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x20974232.
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Background. Globally, anemia is a widespread public health problem associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Under 5 children have greater risk of anemia. The level of burden and the risk factors for anemia vary in different settings. Identifying local factors will have important implications for health intervention programs aimed to tackle the burden. Our study aims to investigate the determinants of anemia among under 5 children in the study area. Methods. Facility based unmatched case control study was conducted among 413 (137 cases and 276 controls) children of Dilla town. Cases were children who had hemoglobin level of less than 11 g/dl and controls were children aged 6 to 59 months with hemoglobin ≥11 g/dl. Quota and simple random sampling was used for cases and controls respectively. Data on socio-demographic, dietary diversity score, food security, anthropometry, hemoglobin level, malaria infection and intestinal parasites were collected. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 25. Bi-variate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent determinants of anemia. P-value less than .05 were used to declare statistical significance. Result. In the multivariate analysis, having more than 1 under 5 children in the households (AOR = 3.03, 95%CI = 1.35-6.81), intestinal parasitosis (AOR = 4.42, 95%CI = 2.07-9.44), food insecurity (AOR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.39-5.45), and stunting (AOR = 6.09, 95% CI = 2.53-14.67) were determinants of anemia among children aged 6 to 59 months. Conclusion. Some of the identified factors are modifiable that could be targeted to reduce childhood anemia. Family planning education, provision of anti-helminthic drugs and ensuring household food security will be beneficial to tackle anemia.
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Endris, Neima, Henok Asefa, and Lamessa Dube. "Prevalence of Malnutrition and Associated Factors among Children in Rural Ethiopia." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6587853.
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Background. Child malnutrition continues to be the leading public health problem in developing countries. In Ethiopia, malnutrition is a leading cause of child illness and death. Recently the composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) has been implemented to measure the prevalence of malnutrition. This index presents a more complete picture compared with the previous conventional indices. In this study, CIAF was used to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among children aged 0–59 months in rural Ethiopia. Methods. Data was extracted from the 2014 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS) for this study. A total of 3095 children were included in the analysis. The composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) was used to measure the nutritional status of the children. Logistic regression was fitted, to identify factors associated with malnutrition among children in rural Ethiopia, using STATA 13. Result. The prevalence of malnutrition among rural children in Ethiopia was 48.5%. Age of the children, preceding birth interval, educated status of mother, wealth status, and region were factors independently associated with nutritional status of children in rural Ethiopia. Conclusion. The prevalence of malnutrition among children in rural Ethiopia was high. A child older than 12 months, having uneducated mother, living in a household with poor wealth status, born with short birth interval, and living in some region of the country are associated with increased odds of being malnourished.
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Baye, Kaleab, Jean-Pierre Guyot, Christèle Icard-Vernière, and Claire Mouquet-Rivier. "Nutrient intakes from complementary foods consumed by young children (aged 12–23 months) from North Wollo, northern Ethiopia: the need for agro-ecologically adapted interventions." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 10 (December 13, 2012): 1741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012005277.
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AbstractObjectiveTo characterize current feeding practices and to evaluate the adequacy of energy and nutrient intakes of young children in subsistence farming rural households in North Wollo, Ethiopia.DesignA cross-sectional study examining sociodemographic status, anthropometry, breast-feeding and complementary feeding practices using two in-home non-consecutive 24 h recalls.SettingsTwo rural villages in the highlands and lowlands of Gobalafto district, North Wollo.SubjectsSeventy-six young children aged 12–23 months, thirty-nine from the lowlands and thirty-seven from the highlands.ResultsAbout 33 % of the children, ∼46 % in the highlands and 24 % in the lowlands (P = 0·05), were stunted. Complementary diets were low in animal products, fruits and vegetables. Cereals and legumes were the major sources of energy, protein, Ca, Fe, Zn and vitamin A. Legumes with potentially toxic components (grass pea, broad beans) and low nutrient-dense beverages such as tea were frequently consumed. Intakes of energy, Ca, Zn, vitamin A and vitamin C from complementary foods were below WHO recommendations assuming average breast-milk intakes. In contrast, Fe and protein intakes and densities met WHO recommendations. Although vitamin C intakes and densities were higher (P < 0·05) for the lowlands, they remained far below WHO recommendations.ConclusionsInterventions promoting the WHO guiding principles for complementary feeding practices and behaviours that take the agro-ecological contexts into account are needed here. Furthermore, specific recommendations should be formulated to discourage the consumption of grass pea, broad beans and low nutrient-dense beverages such as tea.
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Fenta, Haile Mekonnen, Temesgen Zewotir, and Essey Kebede Muluneh. "Disparities in childhood composite index of anthropometric failure prevalence and determinants across Ethiopian administrative zones." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 23, 2021): e0256726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256726.
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Background The prevalence of under-five children’s undernutrition in Ethiopia is among the highest in the world. This study aimed at exploring the prevalence and risk factors of the composite index for anthropometric failure (CIAF) of under-five children in Ethiopia by incorporating the zonal (district) effects. Methods The data was drawn from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHSs), a population-based cross-sectional study of 29,599 under-five year children from 72 Zones in the years 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2016. Fixed effect variables related to child and maternal-household were included in the model. We adopted a generalized mixed model with CIAF as outcome variable and Zones as random effects. Results The prevalence of CIAF in Ethiopia was 53.78% with the highest prevalence of 61.30% in 2000 and the lowest prevalence of 46.58% in 2016. The model result revealed that being a female child, absence of comorbidity, singleton births, and the first order of birth showed significantly lower CIAF prevalence than their counterparts. Among the household characteristics, children from mothers of underweight body mass index, uneducated parents, poor household sanitation, and rural residents were more likely to be undernourished than their counterparts. Based on the best linear unbiased prediction for the zonal-level random effect, significant variations of CIAF among zones were observed. Conclusion The generalized linear mixed-effects model results identified gender of the child, size of child at birth, dietary diversity, birth type, place of residence, age of the child, parental level of education, wealth index, sanitation facilities, and media exposure as main drivers of CIAF. Disparities of CIAF were observed between and within the Ethiopian administrative Zones over time.
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Abera, Mubarek, Markos Tesfaye, Bitiya Admassu, Charlotte Hanlon, Christian Ritz, Rasmus Wibaek, Kim F. Michaelsen, et al. "Body composition during early infancy and developmental progression from 1 to 5 years of age: the Infant Anthropometry and Body Composition (iABC) cohort study among Ethiopian children." British Journal of Nutrition 119, no. 11 (May 17, 2018): 1263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451800082x.
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AbstractEarly nutrition and growth have been found to be important early exposures for later development. Studies of crude growth in terms of weight and length/height, however, cannot elucidate how body composition (BC) might mediate associations between nutrition and later development. In this study, we aimed to examine the relation between fat mass (FM) or fat-free mass (FFM) tissues at birth and their accretion during early infancy, and later developmental progression. In a birth cohort from Ethiopia, 455 children who have BC measurement at birth and 416 who have standardised rate of BC growth during infancy were followed up for outcome variable, and were included in the statistical analysis. The study sample was restricted to mothers living in Jimma town who gave birth to a term baby with a birth weight ≥1500 g and no evident congenital anomalies. The relationship between the exposure and outcome variables was examined using linear-mixed regression model. The finding revealed that FFM at birth was positively associated with global developmental progression from 1 to 5 years (β=1·75; 95 % CI 0·11, 3·39) and from 4 to 5 years (β=1·34; 95 % CI 0·23, 2·44) in the adjusted model. Furthermore, the rate of postnatal FFM tissue accretion was positively associated with development at 1 year of age (β=0·50; 95 % CI 0·01, 0·99). Neither fetal nor postnatal FM showed a significant association. In conclusion, fetal, rather than postnatal, FFM tissue accretion was associated with developmental progression. Intervention studies are needed to assess whether nutrition interventions increasing FFM also increase cognitive development.
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Passarelli, Simone, Ramya Ambikapathi, Nilupa S. Gunaratna, Isabel Madzorera, Chelsey R. Canavan, Abdallah R. Noor, Amare Worku, et al. "A Chicken Production Intervention and Additional Nutrition Behavior Change Component Increased Child Growth in Ethiopia: A Cluster-Randomized Trial." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 10 (July 11, 2020): 2806–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa181.
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ABSTRACT Background Chicken production in the context of nutrition-sensitive agriculture may benefit child nutrition in low-income settings. Objectives This study evaluated effects of 1) a chicken production intervention [African Chicken Genetic Gains (ACGG)], and 2) the ACGG intervention with nutrition-sensitive behavior change communication (BCC) [ACGG + Agriculture to Nutrition (ATONU)], on child nutrition and health outcomes and hypothesized intermediaries. Methods Forty ACGG villages received 25 genetically improved chickens and basic husbandry guidance; of these, 20 ACGG + ATONU villages in addition received a nutrition-sensitive behavior change and homegardening intervention; 20 control clusters received no intervention. We assessed effects of the interventions on height-for-age z scores (HAZ), weight-for-age z scores (WAZ), and weight-for-height z scores (WHZ) at 9 (midline) and 18 mo (endline) through unadjusted and adjusted ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions. We examined the interventions’ effects on hypothesized intermediaries including egg production and consumption, dietary diversity, women's empowerment, income, child morbidities, anemia, and chicken management practices through OLS and log binomial models. Results Data included 829 children aged 0–36 mo at baseline. ACGG + ATONU children had higher midline HAZ [mean difference (MD): 0.28; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.54] than controls. The ACGG group had higher HAZ (MD: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.50) and higher WAZ (MD: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.36) at endline than controls; after adjusting for potential baseline imbalance, effects were similar but not statistically significant. At endline, differences in ACGG + ATONU children's HAZ and WAZ compared with controls were similar in magnitude to those of ACGG, but not statistically significant. There were no differences in anthropometry between the intervention groups. ACGG + ATONU children had higher dietary diversity and egg consumption than ACGG children at endline. Both interventions showed improvements in chicken management practices. The interventions did not increase anemia, diarrhea, fever, or vomiting, and the ACGG + ATONU group at midline showed reduced risk of fever. Conclusions A chicken production intervention with or without nutrition-sensitive BCC may have benefited child nutrition and did not increase morbidity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03152227.
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Dereje, Nebiyu, Alemu Earsido, Layla Temam, and Ashenafi Abebe. "Uncovering the high burden of hypertension and its predictors among adult population in Hosanna town, southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e035823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035823.
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ObjectiveHypertension is a global public health problem, with its burden increasing particularly in developing countries. However, it has not yet received due attention in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adult population in Hosanna town, southern Ethiopia.DesignCommunity-based cross-sectional study.SettingHosanna town, southern Ethiopia.ParticipantsAdult population aged ≥18 years (n=634) were recruited by a multistage stratified sampling technique.Outcome measuresA face-to-face interview using structured questionnaire was carried out by trained nurses. Anthropometry and blood pressure were measured following standard procedures. Hypertension status was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg in two separate measurements or reported use of prescribed antihypertensive drugs for raised blood pressure. Factors associated with hypertension were identified by multivariable binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe overall prevalence of hypertension was found to be 17.2% (19.3% and 14.2% among men and women, respectively). About 40% were unaware that they were hypertensive prior to the study. Older age ≥35 years (adjusted OR=3.9, 95% CI: 1.4 to 10.8), alcohol use (adjusted OR=3.4, 95% CI: 1.4 to 8.3), consumption of saturated oil (adjusted OR=6.5, 95% CI: 1.5 to 17.5) and unspecified different types of oil (adjusted OR=8.2, 95% CI: 1.9 to 25.1) and overweight/obesity (adjusted OR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.9 to 4.6) were found to be independently associated with hypertension.ConclusionsThe prevalence of both diagnosed and undiagnosed hypertension is alarmingly high in the town. These findings underscore the need to design health information provision systems on the risk factors of hypertension and promote good health practices. Blood pressure screening programmes at community levels to identify and treat undiagnosed hypertension should be considered.
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Abdurahman, Ahmed. "Dietary Diversity May Play A Mediatory Role on the Association between Household Food Insecurity and Nutritional Status among Children Aged 24-59 Months." Clinical Research and Clinical Trials 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/crct.2019/001.
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Background: Consuming scarce and poorly diversified diet, along with inadequate breastfeeding, contribute seriously to the complete scope of child undernutrition like stunting, wasting, underweight and micronutrient deficiency. Objective: To determine the association between dietary diversity score (DDS) and nutritional status among children aged 24 to 59 months in Haromaya district, Ethiopia. Methods: Children aged 24-59 months (N= 453) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study with a representative sample of households selected by a multistage sampling procedure in Haromaya district. Anthropometry and 24hr dietary recall were administered. Multinomial logistic regression models were applied to select variables that are candidate for multivariable model. Structural equation modeling was applied to test the mediatory effect of DDS on the relationship between household food insecurity (HFI) and child nutritional status. Results: The mean DDS was 3.62 (SD 1.09), and 50% of the children indicated poor and average DDS with only 20% children in very good DDS. By logistic regression analysis and after adjusting for the confounding factors, poor DDS was highly significant predictor of wasting, stunting and underweight (AOR = 4.09, C.I = 1.31 - 12.76, p = .01), (AOR = 2.28, C.I = 1.11 - 4.69, p = .03) and (AOR = 2.48, C.I = 1.17 - 5.24, p = .02) respectively. HFI had a significant direct effect on wasting though no significant indirect effect on wasting through mediation variable, DDS, (β1 reduced from 0.06 (S.E. = 0.027, p < .05) to 0.05 (S.E. = 0.028, p > .05). Conclusion: Poor DDS was a predictor of wasting, stunting and underweight. Additionally, DDS had a role in the association between HFI and nutritional status.
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Abdurahman, Ahmed. "Dietary Diversity May Play A Mediatory Role on the Association between Household Food Insecurity and Nutritional Status among Children Aged 24-59 Months." Clinical Research and Clinical Trials 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-4779/001.
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Background: Consuming scarce and poorly diversified diet, along with inadequate breastfeeding, contribute seriously to the complete scope of child undernutrition like stunting, wasting, underweight and micronutrient deficiency. Objective: To determine the association between dietary diversity score (DDS) and nutritional status among children aged 24 to 59 months in Haromaya district, Ethiopia. Methods: Children aged 24-59 months (N= 453) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study with a representative sample of households selected by a multistage sampling procedure in Haromaya district. Anthropometry and 24hr dietary recall were administered. Multinomial logistic regression models were applied to select variables that are candidate for multivariable model. Structural equation modeling was applied to test the mediatory effect of DDS on the relationship between household food insecurity (HFI) and child nutritional status. Results: The mean DDS was 3.62 (SD 1.09), and 50% of the children indicated poor and average DDS with only 20% children in very good DDS. By logistic regression analysis and after adjusting for the confounding factors, poor DDS was highly significant predictor of wasting, stunting and underweight (AOR = 4.09, C.I = 1.31 - 12.76, p = .01), (AOR = 2.28, C.I = 1.11 - 4.69, p = .03) and (AOR = 2.48, C.I = 1.17 - 5.24, p = .02) respectively. HFI had a significant direct effect on wasting though no significant indirect effect on wasting through mediation variable, DDS, (β1 reduced from 0.06 (S.E. = 0.027, p < .05) to 0.05 (S.E. = 0.028, p > .05). Conclusion: Poor DDS was a predictor of wasting, stunting and underweight. Additionally, DDS had a role in the association between HFI and nutritional status.
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Shiferaw, Chalachew Bekele, Walelegn Worku Yallew, and Gizachew Tadele Tiruneh. "Maternal Anthropometric Measurements Do Not Have Effect on Birth Weight of Term, Single, and Live Births in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia." Journal of Pregnancy 2018 (December 2, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1982134.
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Low birth weight is a global public health problem for mortality and morbidity in any age group. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of maternal anthropometric measurements on birth weight. A cross-sectional study was conducted from Nov 25, 2012, to Feb 25, 2013, in maternity public hospitals in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia. The effect is investigated using correlation, linear regression, independent sample T-test, one-way ANOVA, and finally multivariate linear regression analysis. A total of 605 women and their newborns took part in this study and prevalence of low birth weight is 8.3%. On adjusted multivariate linear regression analysis, maternal anthropometric measurements did not have an effect on birth weight. Since maternal mid-upper arm circumference ≤ 20 cm and body mass index ≤18.5kg/m2 are almost nil in this study, generalization is difficult to general population where undernourished women are common in the rural Ethiopia and similar study is recommended in those areas. Antenatal care visits, gestational age, and female sex of newborn had statistically significant effect in determining the risk of low birth weight. Women who were living with large family members had a heavier newborn than counterparts. This might be due to the fact that pregnant women have better care and social support in Ethiopian context, so advising pregnant women to live with family members should be considered to enhance social support during pregnancy in Ethiopia. Maternal anthropometric measurements have no significant effect in determining birth weight in the city and we recommend similar studies where undernourished women are common.
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Chikako, Teshita Uke, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, John Elvis Hagan, and Bright Opoku Ahinkorah. "Complex Multilevel Modelling of the Individual, Household and Regional Level Variability in Predictors of Undernutrition among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Ethiopia." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (August 29, 2021): 3018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093018.
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Worldwide, ten and a half million children under five die every year, with 98% of these deaths in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Undernutrition is a serious public health problem in Ethiopia and children are the most affected segments of the population. This study, therefore, sought to investigate the socio-economic, demographic, health and environmental factors associated with undernutrition among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia. Data were obtained from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. In this study, anthropometric data (height and weight) and other variables of 9461 children were measured. Descriptive statistics and multilevel logistic regression models were fitted. The descriptive results revealed that about 27.5% of the children aged between 6–59 months were undernourished. Place of residence, employment status of the mother, educational status of the mother, the mother’s nutritional status, age of the child, birth order of children, source of drinking water, diarrhea and fever among children in the two weeks before the survey were the most important factors associated with undernutrition among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia. The findings indicate that it is useful to support health care and food security programs in rural areas to directly address food insecurity and undernutrition problems of the poor and exposed communities in rural parts of the country. The education sector must increase mothers’ access to education in all areas to help identify the quality of healthcare and the required attention needed for their children. The health sector should increase their health education programs on the importance of exclusive breastfeeding.
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Gernand, Alison, Yemane Berhane, Nita Bhandari, Ranadip Chowdhury, Fyezah Jehan, Subarna Khatry, Patrick Kolsteren, et al. "Harmonization of Maternal Nutrition Trials – Finding and Creating Similarities in Protocols and Outcomes." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa065_003.
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Abstract Objectives Public health and clinical recommendations should be based on results from multiple studies, however trials often have outcomes that are not defined in the same way. This project aims to harmonize selected protocols, outcome definitions, and data analysis across five randomized trials of antenatal balanced energy-protein supplementation being conducted in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Methods Harmonization efforts include a range of activities from reviewing detailed protocols, biospecimen collection plans, data dictionaries, and data analysis plans to proposing best practices and acceptable practices based on field limitations. Most studies have not begun or are early in enrollment, an ideal time frame to make changes. A two-day workshop of lead investigators, content experts and advisors will be held in late February, and harmonization activities will continue thereafter. Results All studies are examining anthropometry at birth as a primary outcome, however the timing of birth measurements (hours since birth) and types of measurements taken differ across trials. All studies are estimating gestational age by ultrasound measurements, but the gestational age at ultrasound differs (in part due to differences in timing of antenatal care by country) as well as the number of fetal biometry measures. Finally, stillbirth is a key outcome across trials, but initial definitions had slight differences that will now be harmonized. We are also able to add new, important maternal and child health outcomes to each trial that will have the same protocols from inception (e.g., microbiome). Conclusions Efforts thus far have resulted in communication between study investigators, consideration of improved protocols, and addition of new outcomes to collect across all sites. Further results are forthcoming after the February workshop, which will include documentation of how much definitions vary across studies and the challenges of standardization. We expect the harmonization process to improve overall reporting within each study and provide opportunities for better meta-analyses. Funding Sources The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Farah, Alinoor Mohamed, Tahir Yousuf Nour, Bilal Shikur Endris, and Seifu Hagos Gebreyesus. "Concurrence of stunting and overweight/obesity among children: Evidence from Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): e0245456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245456.
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Background Nutrition transition in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has led to shift in childhood nutritional outcomes from a predominance of undernutrition to a double burden of under- and overnutrition. Yet, policies that address undernutrition often times do not include overnutrition nor do policies on overweight, obesity reflect the challenges of undernutrition. It is therefore crucial to assess the prevalence and determinants of concurrence stunting and overweight/obesity to better inform nutrition programs in Ethiopia and beyond. Methods We analyzed anthropometric, sociodemographic and dietary data of children under five years of age from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). A total of 8,714 children were included in the current study. Concurrence of stunting and overweight/obesity (CSO) prevalence was estimated by basic, underlying and immediate factors. To identify factors associated with CSO, we conducted hierarchical logistic regression analyses. Results The overall prevalence of CSO was 1.99% (95% CI, 1.57–2.53). The odds of CSO was significantly higher in children in agrarian region compared to their counter parts in the pastoralist region (AOR = 1.51). Other significant factors included; not having improved toilet facility (AOR = 1.94), being younger than 12 months (AOR = 4.22), not having history of infection (AOR = 1.83) and not having taken deworming tablet within the previous six months (AOR = 1.49). Conclusion Our study provided evidence on the co-existence of stunting and overweight/obesity among infants and young children in Ethiopia. Therefore, identifying children at risk of growth flattering and excess weight gain provides nutrition policies and programs in Ethiopia and beyond with an opportunity of earlier interventions through improving sanitation, dietary quality by targeting children under five years of age and those living in Agrarian regions of Ethiopia.
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Tessema, Masresha, Hugo De Groote, Inge D. Brouwer, Edith J.M. Feskens, Tefera Belachew, Dilnesaw Zerfu, Adamu Belay, Yoseph Demelash, and Nilupa S. Gunaratna. "Soil Zinc Is Associated with Serum Zinc But Not with Linear Growth of Children in Ethiopia." Nutrients 11, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020221.
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To our knowledge, the relationships among soil zinc, serum zinc and children’s linear growth have not been studied geographically or at a national level in any country. We use data from the cross-sectional, nationally representative Ethiopian National Micronutrient Survey (ENMS) (n = 1776), which provided anthropometric and serum zinc (n = 1171) data on children aged 6–59 months. Soil zinc levels were extracted for each child from the digital soil map of Ethiopia, developed by the Africa Soil Information Service. Children’s linear growth was computed using length/height and age converted into Z-scores for height-for-age. Multi-level mixed linear regression models were used for the analysis. Nationally, 28% of children aged 6–59 months were zinc deficient (24% when adjusted for inflammation) and 38% were stunted. Twenty percent of households in the ENMS were located on zinc-deficient soils. Soil zinc (in mg/kg) was positively associated with serum zinc (in µg/dL) (b = 0.9, p = 0.020) and weight-for-height-Z-score (b = 0.05, p = 0.045) but linear growth was not associated with soil zinc (p = 0.604) or serum zinc (p = 0.506) among Ethiopian preschool children. Intervention studies are needed to determine whether there are causal links between soil and human zinc status.
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KEDIR SEID, ABDU. "HEALTH AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN IN ETHIOPIA: DO MATERNAL CHARACTERISTICS MATTER?" Journal of Biosocial Science 45, no. 2 (August 2, 2012): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932012000442.
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SummaryIn Ethiopia, despite some recent improvements, the health and nutritional status of children is very poor. A better understanding of the main socioeconomic determinants of child health and nutrition is essential to address the problem and make appropriate interventions. In the present study, an attempt is made to explore the effect of maternal characteristics on the health and nutritional status of under-five children using the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. The health and nutritional status of children are measured using the two widely used anthropometric indicators height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ). In the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation, it is observed that maternal characteristics have a significant impact on child health and nutritional status. The magnitudes of the coefficients, however, are found to slightly increase when maternal education is instrumented in the 2SLS estimation. Moreover, in the quantile regression (QR) estimation, the impacts of maternal characteristics are observed to vary between long-term and current child health and nutritional status.
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Gebreegziabiher, Gebremedhin, Belachew Etana, and Daniel Niggusie. "Determinants of Anemia among Children Aged 6–59 Months Living in Kilte Awulaelo Woreda, Northern Ethiopia." Anemia 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/245870.
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Introduction.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and determinant factors among children aged 6–59 months living in Kilte Awulaelo Woreda, eastern zone.Method.A community based cross-sectional study was conducted during February 2013 among 6 tabias of Kilte Awulaelo Woreda, northern Ethiopia. A total of 568 children were selected by systematic random sampling method. Anthropometric data and blood sample were collected. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors related to anemia.Result.The mean hemoglobin level was 11.48 g/dl and about 37.3% of children were anemic. Children who were aged 6–23 months [AOR = 1.89: 95% CI (1.3, 2.8)], underweight [AOR = 2.05: 95% CI (1.3, 3.3)], having MUAC less than 12 cm [AOR = 3.35: 95% CI (2.1, 5.3)], and from households with annual income below 10,000 Ethiopian birr [AOR = 4.86: 95% CI (3.2, 7.3)] were more likely to become anemic.Conclusion.The prevalence of anemia among the children is found to be high. It was associated with annual household income, age, and nutritional status of the child. So, improving family income and increasing awareness of the mother/caregiver were important intervention.
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Bosha, Tafese, Christine Lambert, Simon Riedel, Aberra Melesse, and Hans K. Biesalski. "Dietary Diversity and Anthropometric Status of Mother–Child Pairs from Enset (False Banana) Staple Areas: A Panel Evidence from Southern Ethiopia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12 (June 19, 2019): 2170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122170.
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Background: A sizable cross-sectional studies demonstrated a low dietary diversity in Southern Ethiopia. However, its seasonal trend has not been well studied in areas where nutrient-poor enset (false banana (Ensete ventricosum)) foods are major staple. Moreover, there is scarcity of information on seasonal nature of anthropometric status of mother–child pairs (MCP) from the same areas in Southern Ethiopia. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the dietary diversity and anthropometric status of MCP in postharvest dry and lean wet seasons and identify factors associated with anthropometric status. Methods: The dietary intake and anthropometric data were collected from 578 households (578 mothers and 578 children) January–June 2017. The study compared data of the two seasons using McNemar’s test for dichotomous, Wilcoxon signed-rank test for non-normally distributed, and paired samples t-test for normally distributed continuous data. Logistic regression was conducted to identify risk factors for malnutrition. In addition, Spearman’s Rho test was used to determine correlations between maternal and child variables. Results: Over 94% of the mothers did not fulfil the minimum diet diversity score in both seasons. The meal frequency and pulses/legumes intake significantly declined in lean wet season; however, dark green leaves consumption increased. Meat, poultry, and fish consumption dropped to almost zero in the lean wet season. The dietary diversity and anthropometric status of the MCP were correlated. Weight-for-age (WAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ) of children significantly declined in the lean wet season. In the same way, maternal mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), body weight, and body mass index (BMI) dropped (p < 0.001) in this season. Being pregnant and a lactating mother, poverty, and the ability to make decisions independently predicted maternal undernutrition (low MUAC). On the other hand, maternal undernutrition and education were associated with child underweight. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that the dietary diversity of MCP is low in both postharvest dry and lean wet seasons. This suggests the need for continuous nutrition intervention to improve the dietary diversity. In addition, the anthropometric status of MCP declines in lean wet season. This may provide some clue for policy targeting on improving nutritional status of mothers and children in rural Southern Ethiopia.
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Kebede, Tsigereda, Ingunn Marie S. Engebretsen, Selamawit Bilal, and Bernt Lindtjørn. "Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Status of Children Aged 6 to 24 Months in Rural Sidama, Southern Ethiopia." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa046_033.
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Abstract Objectives To describe dietary diversity score (DDS) of young children and to assess the association of DDS with stunting and anaemia (defined as haemoglobin level <11 mg/dl) in rural Southern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional household study was done in rural Dale Woreda, Southern Ethiopia from August to October 2018 among 804 caregiver-child (aged 6–24 months) pairs. Dietary history, anthropometric measurements and haemoglobin levels using HemoCue HB 301 portable machines were captured. Child DDS was assessed in a structured 24-hour recall on specific common food items with relevance for the standard 7-food groups DDS (WHO). Stunting was defined as length-for-age Z-score less than 2 SD from the population mean according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. Results from adjusted logistic regression models are presented for stunting and anaemia as the dependent variables (using SPSS software). Results Children received only foods from 1 and 2 food groups were 5.0% (40/804) and 14.9% (120/804), respectively. There was 43.9% (353/804) of children who had low DDS (received foods from less than four out of seven food groups) during 24 hours prior to the interviews. The prevalence of stunting was 47.8% (384/804) and 45.6% (367/804) for anaemia. The odds ratio for stunting was 2 and 3 times higher among children who did not receive legumes and flesh foods compared to those who received it: aOR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.2; 3.3 and 2.9, 95% CI 1.6; 5.5, respectively. Children who did not receive cereals and legumes had similarly increased risk of having haemoglobin level below 11 mg/dl compared to those who received it: aOR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.0; 6.8 and 2.8, 95% CI 1.7; 4.7, respectively. Conclusions In Dale Woreda, Southern Ethiopia, the prevalences of stunting and anaemia were high and children had low dietary diversity. Dietary diversity among young children must be considered in Ethiopian strategies promoting the health of children. Funding Sources NORAD (Norwegian Agency for development co-operation), through the NORHED (Norwegian program for capacity development in higher education and research for development) program.
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Fentahun, Netsanet, Tefera Belachew, and Carl Lachat. "Determinants and morbidities of multiple anthropometric deficits in southwest rural Ethiopia." Nutrition 32, no. 11-12 (November 2016): 1243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2016.03.023.
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Ahmed, Kedir, Kingsley Agho, Andrew Page, Amit Arora, and Felix Ogbo. "Mapping Geographical Differences and Examining the Determinants of Childhood Stunting in Ethiopia: A Bayesian Geostatistical Analysis." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (June 19, 2021): 2104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13062104.
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Understanding the specific geographical distribution of stunting is essential for planning and implementing targeted public health interventions in high-burdened countries. This study investigated geographical variations in the prevalence of stunting sub-nationally, and the determinants of stunting among children under 5 years of age in Ethiopia. We used the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset for children aged 0–59 months with valid anthropometric measurements and geographic coordinates (n = 9089). We modelled the prevalence of stunting and its determinants using Bayesian geospatially explicit regression models. The prevalence of stunting among children under five years was 36.3% (95% credible interval (CrI); 22.6%, 51.4%) in Ethiopia, with wide variations sub-nationally and by age group. The prevalence of childhood stunting ranged from 56.6% (37.4–74.6%) in the Mekelle Special zone of the Tigray region to 25.5% (10.5–48.9%) in the Sheka zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples region. Factors associated with a reduced likelihood of stunting in Ethiopia included non-receipt of breastmilk, mother’s BMI (overweight/obese), employment status (employed), and higher household wealth, while the enablers were residence in the “arid” geographic areas, small birth size of the child, and mother’s BMI (underweight). The prevalence and determinants of stunting varied across Ethiopia. Efforts to reduce the burden of childhood stunting should consider geographical heterogeneity and modifiable risk factors.
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Tsegaye, Behailu, Amha Mekasha, and Solomon Genet. "Serum Transthyretin Level as a Plausible Marker for Diagnosis of Child Acute Malnutrition." Biochemistry Research International 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9196538.
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Malnutrition is a major underlying condition for mortality in children under five years of age in developing countries, particularly in Ethiopia. The most important forms of malnutrition in Ethiopia are protein and energy deficiencies. There is no reliable laboratory method at present to assess acute malnutrition. Transthyretin is a homotetrameric serum protein with half-life of two days. The main objective of this study was to assess the estimation of serum transthyretin level as a useful diagnostic method to evaluate nutritional status of children. We used a newly designed transthyretin test kit to evaluate nutritional status of children admitted to our hospital. There is no national reference standard; hence we made a comparative study using anthropometric measurements and measurement of serum albumin level. A total of 102 children (51 controls and 51 study subjects) were included in this study. Transthyretin was found to be more sensitive to changes in acute malnutrition than albumin, and its level reflects recent dietary intake compared to overall nutritional status. The method is more sensitive and reliable for detection of acute malnutrition, along with anthropometric methods. Measurement of serum transthyretin level can be used as a valuable diagnostic method for assessment of acute malnutrition among children.
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Grijalva-Eternod, Carlos S., Emma Beaumont, Ritu Rana, Nahom Abate, Hatty Barthorp, Marie McGrath, Ayenew Negesse, et al. "Malnutrition in Infants Aged under 6 Months Attending Community Health Centres: A Cross Sectional Survey." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 2489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082489.
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A poor understanding of malnutrition burden is a common reason for not prioritizing the care of small and nutritionally at-risk infants aged under-six months (infants u6m). We aimed to estimate the anthropometric deficit prevalence in infants u6m attending health centres, using the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF), and to assess the overlap of different individual indicators. We undertook a two-week survey of all infants u6m visiting 18 health centres in two zones of the Oromia region, Ethiopia. We measured weight, length, and MUAC (mid-upper arm circumference) and calculated weight-for-length (WLZ), length-for-age (LAZ), and weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ). Overall, 21.7% (95% CI: 19.2; 24.3) of infants u6m presented CIAF, and of these, 10.7% (95% CI: 8.93; 12.7) had multiple anthropometric deficits. Low MUAC overlapped with 47.5% (95% CI: 38.0; 57.3), 43.8% (95% CI: 34.9; 53.1), and 42.6% (95% CI: 36.3; 49.2) of the stunted, wasted, and CIAF prevalence, respectively. Underweight overlapped with 63.4% (95% CI: 53.6; 72.2), 52.7% (95% CI: 43.4; 61.7), and 59.6% (95% CI: 53.1; 65.9) of the stunted, wasted, and CIAF prevalence, respectively. Anthropometric deficits, single and multiple, are prevalent in infants attending health centres. WAZ overlaps more with other forms of anthropometric deficits than MUAC.
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Abebe, Haile, and Abebaw Melaku. "Prevalence of Undernutrition and Associated Factors among Children Aged 6- 59 Months in Bishoftu Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia." Food Processing & Nutritional Science 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46619/fpns.2020.1-1002.
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Malnutrition is decreasing during the two-decade but still in a major public health problem in the world especially in developing countries including Ethiopia. The study was aimed to assess the prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among children of aged 6 months - 59 months of Bishoftu town, Oromia region. Community based cross-sectional design was employed in the randomly selected five kebele. The sample size was determined by using single population proportion formula then adjusted by finite population correction factor to draw the final 410 sample children and then allocated proportionally to each Kebele in the town. The survey was conducted using standard procedures developed questionnaires with experienced enumerators. Anthropometric measurement was used to collect height, weight and MUAC following the standard measurement tools and procedures. Information was entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and anthropometric measurements were converted into Z scores by WHO Anthro version 3.2.2., 2011 software. Then exported to STATA 13 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The result revealed that the prevalence of overall malnutrition was (46.1%); specifically, stunting was (16.1%), underweight (22.6%) and wasting (7.4%). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze prevalence of child malnutrition. The result of multivariate model revealed that Family size, Birth interval, Child age and Frequency of breast feed as significant determinants for wasting. While for stunting, family size, level of mother’s education, birth order, currently breast feeding, exclusive breast feeding and monthly income were found as statistically significant (p<0.05) determinants of child malnutrition. Additionally, age of child and household who hadn’t got advice and visited by health extension workers were more than five as likely to be underweight compared to those who are frequently advised? Thus, the studied households need continues training, awareness creation activities, special attention for child and maternal healthcare services by the Health Office and other practitioners in different income generating activities to improve child nutrition.
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Fekadu, S., M. Yigzaw, S. Alemu, A. Dessie, H. Fieldhouse, T. Girma, E. R. Trimble, D. I. W. Phillips, and E. H. O. Parry. "Insulin-requiring diabetes in Ethiopia: associations with poverty, early undernutrition and anthropometric disproportion." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 64, no. 10 (July 28, 2010): 1192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2010.143.
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Gezahegn, Dawit, Gudina Egata, Tesfaye Gobena, and Berhanu Abebaw. "Predictors of stunting among pediatric children living with HIV/AIDS, Eastern Ethiopia." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v9i2.20422.
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Globally, there were about 3.4 million pediatric children (<15 years of age) who were living with HIV/AIDS. Ethiopia has one of the highest rates of malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa. As of 2013, there were about 160,000 pediatric children living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. Even though undernutrition makes it difficult to combat HIV/AIDS, there is paucity of information on the magnitude of stunting and its predictors among seropositive pediatric children in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Institution based quantitative cross sectional study design was employed on 414 randomly selected pediatric (5-15 years) children living with HIV/AIDS in Harari Region and Dire Dawa City Administration Public Hospitals, Eastern Ethiopia. Pretested interviewer administered questionnaire and patient card review was held to collect data. Data were entered through Epi-data and exported to SPSS for analysis. The WHO Anthros plus software was used to calculate the anthropometric indices. Bivariate and Multivariable analysis along with 95%CI were done to identify predictors of stunting. Level of statistical significance was declared at P-value <0.05. The prevalence of stunting was found to be 30.9% (95%CI: 26.0-36.0%). Rural residence [AOR=4.0, (95%CI: 2.22, 7.17)], family monthly income of ≤500 ETB [AOR=5.79, (95%CI: 2.82, 11.60)], being anemic [AOR=3.17, (95% CI: 2.13, 4.93)] and the presence of diarrhea [AOR=6.21, 95% (CI: 3.39, 9.24)] were predictors of stunting. Thus, collaborative measures should be undertaken (to decrease frequent infections and to improve the economic status) to combat chronic malnutrition during HIV/AIDS treatment.
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Woldegebriel, Ataklti Gebertsadik, Kiros Ajemu Fenta, Asfawosen Berhe Aregay, Abraham Desta Aregay, Nega Bezabih Mamo, Tewolde Woldearegay Wubayehu, Alemayehu Bayray, and Afework Mulugeta. "Effectiveness of Anthropometric Measurements for Identifying Diabetes and Prediabetes among Civil Servants in a Regional City of Northern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2020 (April 7, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8425912.
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Back ground. Diabetes mellitus is an emerging noncommunicable disease in Ethiopia. Overlooking an appropriate tool for identifying diabetes and prediabetes would have significant impact for future diabetes and prediabetes projections and its management. Therefore, the study aims to examine the effectiveness of anthropometric measurements for identifying prediabetes and diabetes in Mekelle city, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Methods. The study involved a cross-sectional survey carried out from October 2015 to February 2016 among 1504 subjects aged from 18 to 75 years of age. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to select the most effective anthropometric cut-off point among waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and BMI for identifying prediabetic and diabetes. Statistical significance was declared at p value of ≤0.05. Results. Waist circumference was found better for identifying diabetes (AUC = 0.69) and prediabetes (AUC = 0.63) in women, respectively. Waist-to-hip ratio was better identifying diabetes (AUC = 0.67) while waist circumference-to-height ratio was better identifying prediabetes (AUC = 0.63) in men compared to body mass index. The optimal cut-off point with maximum sensitivity and specificity of waist circumference for identifying diabetes and prediabetes was 83.5 cm and 82.9 cm in women, respectively. The optimal ut-off point with maximum sensitivity and specificity of waist-to-hip ratio for identifying diabetes and prediabetes was 0.97 and 0.82 in men, respectively. Conclusion. Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio exhibited better discriminate performance than BMI for identifying prediabetes and diabetes in women and men, respectively.
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Berra, Wondu Garoma, and Nian-hong Yang. "Households Hunger: The Key Attribute to Anthropometric Failures of Children in West Oromia (Ethiopia)." Current Medical Science 40, no. 3 (June 2020): 580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11596-020-2216-y.
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Gebru, Kebede, Maggi Leung, Crelis Rammelt, Annelies Zoomers, and Guus van Westen. "Vegetable Business and Smallholders’ Food Security: Empirical Findings from Northern Ethiopia." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (January 31, 2019): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030743.
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In Ethiopia, there have been increased efforts to promote market-oriented vegetable production. Given that food security is a crucial issue in Ethiopia, the question is whether market-oriented vegetable production will actually help farmers to become more food secure. Using a mixed methods approach, the present research gathered empirical evidence on the determinants of participation in the vegetable business and its food security impacts in the Raya Azebo district. The Heckman two-stage selection model was used to identify factors affecting participation in the vegetable business and its effects on several food security outcomes. A thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative data. The results show that a farmer’s participation in the vegetable business increased significantly with adequate household productive resources (e.g., land size and access to irrigation), cooperative memberships and access to extension services. On the other hand, the age of the head of household, the market distance and risk perceptions significantly decreased participation. Additionally, the results indicate participation in the vegetable business results not only in higher food availability and access but also in lower food variety and diet diversity scores. Participation has less of an impact on per capita kilocalorie consumption and child anthropometric measures of food security. The policy implication is that, while Ethiopia is going ahead with inclusive market-driven approaches to food security, alternative mechanisms must be put in place to address the negative impacts and to empower those living in the most vulnerable conditions.
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Gamecha, Rahel, Tsegaye Demissie, and Amha Admasie. "The Magnitude of Nutritional Underweight and Associated Factors Among Children Aged 6-59 Months in Wonsho Woreda, Sidama Zone Southern Ethiopia." Open Public Health Journal 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501610010007.
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Background: Childhood under-nutrition is a major global health problem. Although the rate of under-nutrition in southern Ethiopia has substantially declined in the last decade, but it still remains the major causes of morbidity and mortality of children under-five years. Unfortunately, there was no study in this study area with respect to this topic of interest and therefore, this study was carried out to assess the magnitude of underweight and associated factors among children aged 6-59 months. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Wonsho Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 595 randomly selected child mother pairs were selected using cluster sampling method. Data were collected using a face-to-face interview and children anthropometric measurements. Child Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) was determined. World Health Organization Anthro software was used to convert anthropometric measurements into Z-scores. The data was analyzed using Epidata version 3.1 and SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model was used. A statistical significance was declared at p-value less than 0.05. Result: The overall prevalence of underweight was 122(20.5%) (95% CI, 17.3-23.8%), meanwhile, the prevalence of severe and moderate underweight was 7.1% and 13.4% respectively. Male children were 1.78 times more likely to be underweight than female children (AOR=1.78; 95%CI=1.17, 2.70). Unimmunized, children were 2.45 times more likely to be underweight (AOR=2.45; 95%CI=1.41, 4.24). Conclusion: Prevalence of nutritional underweight was high in the study area. Driving factors of underweight were investigated and therefore, strong stakeholders’ collaboration is compulsory to address the future public health burden.
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Otero, Liliana, Luis Bermudez, Karina Lizarraga, Irene Tangco, Rocelyn Gannaban, and Daniel Meles. "A Comparative Study of Facial Asymmetry in Philippine, Colombian, and Ethiopian Families with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip Palate." Plastic Surgery International 2012 (October 24, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/580769.
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Objective. To compare the asymmetry displayed by Philippine, Colombian, and Ethiopian unaffected parents of patients with nonsyndromic cleft palate (NSCLP) and a control population. Methods. Facial measurements were compared between unaffected parents of NSCLP patients and those in the control group for three populations from South America, Asia, and Africa by anthropometric and photographic measurements. Fluctuating and directional asymmetries, height and width proportions, were analyzed and compared. Results. Fluctuating asymmetries (ear length, middle line to Zigion perpendicular for left and right sides) and variations in the facial thirds demonstrated statistical significance in the study group of unaffected parents from Colombia and Philippines, while increased interorbital distance was evident in the unaffected Ethiopian parents of NSCLP patients. Conclusions. The facial differences in unaffected parents could indicate an underlying genetic liability. Identification of these differences has relevance in the understanding of the etiology of NSCLP.
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Kenate, Sileshi, Temamen Tesfaye, Solomon Berhanu Mogas, Belay Zawdie, Yonas Tesfaye, Lelisa Sena Dadi, Mulualem Tadesse, Ayantu Kebede, Esayas Kebede Gudina, and Dessalegn Tamiru. "Validity of Anthropometric Cut-Offs for Early Diagnosis of Dyslipidemia Among Ethiopian Adults." Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy Volume 13 (October 2020): 3831–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/dmso.s278291.
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Gessesse, Girum W., Asrat Sime Debela, and Dereje Hayilu Anbesse. "Ocular Biometry and Their Correlations with Ocular and Anthropometric Measurements Among Ethiopian Adults." Clinical Ophthalmology Volume 14 (October 2020): 3363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/opth.s277359.
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Tiruneh, Chalachew. "Estimation of Gestational Age Using Neonatal Anatomical Anthropometric Parameters in Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia." Risk Management and Healthcare Policy Volume 13 (December 2020): 3021–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s280682.
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Dereje, Rahel, Kalkidan Hassen, and Getu Gizaw. "Evaluation of Anthropometric Indices for Screening Hypertension Among Employees of Mizan Tepi University, Southwestern Ethiopia." Integrated Blood Pressure Control Volume 14 (July 2021): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ibpc.s317018.
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Kebede, Assegid, and Charles Larson. "The Health Consequences of Intrauterine Growth Retardation in Southwestern Ethiopia." Tropical Doctor 24, no. 2 (April 1994): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559402400207.
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Although over 90% of low birth weight deliveries occur in the developing world, knowledge of its occurrence and consequences are largely based on studies in developed populations. The aim of this investigation was to determine the health consequences of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) among an historical cohort of children delivered in a regional hospital located in southwestern Ethiopia. Following a census of all births over a three year period 116 full-term, IUGR and normal birth weight (NBW) matched pairs between 3 and 40 months of age were identified. IUGR children were found to be at elevated risk for moderate to severe malnutrition [relative risk (RR) = 2.26 (1.15, 4.43)], frequent illnesses (RR = 1.29 (1.13, 1.46)), and current illness (RR 1.52 (1.10, 2.09)). Catch-up growth among IUGR children did not occur. A steady decline in the growth of NBW children resulted in similar anthropometric outcomes by 2 years of age between the two groups.
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Ersino, Getahun, Carol J. Henry, and Gordon A. Zello. "Higher Maternal and Child Undernutrition in Pulse than Cereal Growing Rural Communities of Ethiopia: A comparative Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Food Research 8, no. 2 (March 7, 2019): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v8n2p100.
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Background: Whether growing pulses (low fat legumes rich in protein and micronutrients) translates to nutritional health benefits has not been well documented in Ethiopia. In pulse- and cereal-based agricultural communities, we compared the nutrition of mothers and children (<5y) through anthropometric and dietary assessment to document evidence of pulse agriculture translating to nutritional health benefits. We also explored contextual factors influencing nutritional status.
Methods: Comparative study was conducted in purposively selected pulse- and cereal-growing Ethiopian communities, from rural Halaba and Zeway, with randomly selected individual participants of 413 and 217 mother-child dyads, respectively. Dietary diversity scores (DDS) and consumption indexes for selected food groups were assessed; median intakes of energy, protein, Fe, Zn, Ca were determined from a single-day weighed food records (in a subsample). Mother-child undernutrition was estimated using anthropometric assessments of weight, length/height and mid-upper-arm-circumference, MUAC.
Results: Median energy and nutrient intakes for pulse-mothers, but not children, were significantly higher than cereal-mothers (p<0.01); Median DDS for mothers-children were three, out of nine food groups, in both communities; consumption index of pulses, although higher in the pulse-community (p<0.001), was generally low amounting to consumption of only 1-2/week; consumption from animal sources was minimal. Undernutrition in mothers was 22% in pulse and 14% in cereal. Child stunting, wasting and underweight were 53.5%, 10.4% and 36.5% in pulse and 41.8%, 4.1% and 21.6% in the cereal group, respectively. Gender-sensitive factors, such as access to own-land and work-burden predicted maternal-MUAC. Stunting, household size, land size, antenatal-clinic visits and frequency of dairy consumption also predicted maternal-MUAC. Child age, community (i.e., pulse- or cereal-growing), household size and land size predicted chid height-for-age z-score (HAZ). Pulses were mostly sold and women had limited control; mothers’ knowledge of the nutrition benefits of pulses was lower in pulse community (p<0.01).
Conclusions: Poor DDS, pulse or animal-source food consumption and high levels of maternal and child undernutrition were found in both communities. The unexpected finding of greater undernutrition in the pulse-growing Halaba communities was of concern needing further investigation. The pulse-community could benefit from educational nutrition-intervention focusing on nutrition and other benefits of pulses.
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Groenewold, W. G. F., and M. Tilahun. "Anthropometric indicators of nutritional status, socioeconomic factors and mortality in hospitalized children in Addis Ababa." Journal of Biosocial Science 22, no. 3 (July 1990): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000018733.
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SummaryThe influence of some household and maternal variables on three anthropometric nutritional status indices of hospitalized children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, are examined. On admission, only 30% of these children can be classified as being of a normal overall nutritional status. There are no significant differences in weight-for-age of hospitalized children between those residing in Addis Ababa and those residing in the rural areas. Income and father's occupation appear to be the major household factors influencing the level of two of the three indices (weight-for-age and weight-for-height). Length of last closed birth interval and, to a lesser degree, maternal age appear to have significant effects on all three nutritional status indices. Upon admission to hospital, children who will in the end survive their hospital stay are on average nutritionally normal or in a mild state of malnutrition, whereas children who will die during their stay arrive in a moderate or severe state of malnutrition. The degree of malnutrition is positively related to the risk of mortality in respiratory disease patients.
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Fentahun, Netsanet, Yeabsira Anteneh, and Yonatan Menber. "Malnutrition in the Outcome of Wound Healing at Public Hospitals in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2021 (February 18, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8824951.
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Background. Poor nutritional status affects the normal process of the wound healing stage. There is limited evidence regarding the association between malnutrition and wound healing in Ethiopia. Objective. To assess the association between nutritional status and wound healing progress among adult individuals who had undergone abdominal surgery at Public Hospitals, Ethiopia. Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted on 310 adult patients who had undergone abdominal surgery from August to December 2019. Data were collected using a standardized, structured, and pretested questionnaire. Anthropometric and serum albumin measurements were used to measure nutritional status. A multivariable Cox-regression analyses model was fitted to show the association between malnutrition and wound healing and p value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance value. Results. The cumulative incidence rate of good wound healing was 65.5% (95% CI: 60.0–71.0). Patients who had normal preoperative body mass index (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 2.22 (95% CI: 1.55–3.19)) and normal range of serum albumin level (≥3.5) (AHR = 1.56 (95% CI: 1.05–2.29)) were significantly associated with better wound healing outcomes. Conclusion. Nutritional status had a strong association with good wound healing outcomes. Therefore, nutritional status screening should be done for all adult patients before undergoing abdominal surgery to improve wound healing outcomes and reduce hospital stays.
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Nandi, Arindam, Anita Shet, Jere R. Behrman, Maureen M. Black, David E. Bloom, and Ramanan Laxminarayan. "Anthropometric, cognitive, and schooling benefits of measles vaccination: Longitudinal cohort analysis in Ethiopia, India, and Vietnam." Vaccine 37, no. 31 (July 2019): 4336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.025.
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KELLY, MARION. "Operational Value of Anthropometric Surveillance in Famine Early Warning and Relief: Wollo Region, Ethiopia, 1987-88." Disasters 17, no. 1 (March 1993): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00487.x.
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Tiruneh, Chalachew, and Daniel Teshome. "Prediction of Birth Weight by Using Neonatal Anthropometric Parameters at Birth in Finote Selam Hospital, Ethiopia." Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics Volume 12 (June 2021): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/phmt.s309573.
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Usman, Muhammed A., and Nicolas Gerber. "Irrigation, drinking water quality, and child nutritional status in northern Ethiopia." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 3 (August 6, 2020): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.045.
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Abstract In this paper, we investigate the relationship between household drinking water quality and irrigation and child nutrition using primary household survey data and microbiological water sample testings in two rural districts of Ethiopia. Anthropometric measures such as height-for-age z-scores (HAZ), weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ), and weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) were used to measure stunting, underweight, and wasting, respectively. Our survey results show that 41% of the children are stunted, 26% underweight, and 8% wasted. More than 58% of household's stored drinking water samples were also contaminated with Escherichia coli bacteria. The multivariate regression results suggest that irrigation farming and on-premises water sources are significantly associated with lower HAZ, while uncontaminated household stored drinking water quality is correlated with higher WAZ. The results also reveal that dietary diversity score and the number of antenatal care visits by the primary caretaker are statistically significant predictors of child nutritional status. These findings, however, cast doubt on the hypothesis that irrigated agriculture exclusively has a positive effect on child nutrition outcomes.
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Lisanu Mazengia, Amare, and Gashaw Andargie Biks. "Predictors of Stunting among School-Age Children in Northwestern Ethiopia." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2018 (September 20, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7521751.
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Background. Stunting is a major public health problem in most developing countries, and it increases the risk of illness and death throughout childhood. It is also a major public health problem in Ethiopia. Most of the few studies done in Ethiopia were done in schools. However, the prevalence of stunting of school-age children at the community level is largely unknown. Objective. To assess prevalence and predictors of stunting among school-age children in Mecha District, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 28, 2017, to October 10, 2017. Target population for the study was school-age children (children of age 5–15). A total of 802 children were included in the study. The multistage sampling procedure was applied. Data were collected through face-to-face interview using the structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurement was performed and analyzed using ENA SMART software. Association was assessed using logistic regression (backward LR). Statistical significance was measured using adjusted odds ratio at 95% CI and P value less than 0.05. Results. About 37.9%, with 95% CI (34.6, 41.3), of children were stunted. The predictors of stunting were child age with AOR (95% CI) 1.4 (1.02, 1.91), family size with AOR (95% CI) 1.83 (1.21, 2.75), mother’s education with AOR (95% CI) 1.81 (1.01, 3.24), father’s occupation with AOR (95% CI) 5.23 (1.55, 17.64), and child’s immunization status with AOR (95% CI) 5.6 (2.90, 10.82). Conclusion. Stunting is still an important problem among children in the age of 5–15 years. Therefore, special attention should be given to child’s full immunization, limiting of family size, continued promotion of female education, and appropriate feeding practice of children depending on their age.