Academic literature on the topic 'Anti-Epilepsy Drugs'
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Journal articles on the topic "Anti-Epilepsy Drugs"
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Mehr Musani, Muhammad Wasim, Hassan Salman Siddiqi, Saara Muddasir, and Fazal Manzoor Arain. "Herbal extracts: the future treatment option for drug-resistant epilepsy." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 73, no. 6 (2023): 1266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.7081.
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Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterised by two or more unprovoked seizures. The high prevalence and incidence of epilepsy globally, especially in Asia, has remained a big concern over the course of centuries. Patients are usually prescribed the already known anti-epileptic drugs, but even after going through three different generations of anti-epileptic drugs, some people still suffer from drug-resistant form of epilepsy. These patients are usually prescribed a higher dose of anti-epileptic drugs, which results in more adverse effects. That is why new treatment options, like herbal extracts, should be explored for patients who do not respond to the classic anti-epileptic drugs. The current narrative review was planned to explore if herbal extracts can be the future for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. Key Words: Epilepsy, Herbal extracts, Drug-resistant epilepsy, Anti-epileptic drugs.
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Gayatri, NA, and JH Livingston. "Aggravation of epilepsy by anti-epileptic drugs." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 48, no. 5 (2006): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012162206000843.
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Rangarajan, Punitha, Kulandaiammal Moorthy, and Arunan Subbiah. "Observational study on the utilization pattern of adjuvant anti-epileptics and their adverse effects." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 9, no. 1 (2019): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20195781.
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Background: Epilepsy is a disease characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures. Pharmacological therapy is the cornerstone of treatment of epilepsy. In more than 50% patients seizure not controlled with first-line anti-epileptic drugs so added with adjuvant drugs. Therefore adjuvant anti-epileptic drugs play an important role in preventing seizure remission in known epilepsy patients. Observational study was to evaluate the utilisation pattern of adjuvant anti-epileptic drugs and to assess their clinical correlation and observe the adverse effects of the adjuvant anti-epileptics.Methods: Eligible 100 patients who attended the neurology outpatient department where enrolled in the study. Demographic data, type of epilepsy, presence or absence of seizure episode (4 months), adjuvant anti-epileptic prescribed along with the first-line drugs and adverse effects were noted. Clinical correlation and rationale for the usage of adjuvant anti-epileptics were assessed. Descriptive statistics used for statistical analysis.Results: The most common types of seizures were generalised tonic clonic seizures (41%) and complex partial seizures (37%). Most commonly used 1st line drug was phenytoin tablet. Most common adjuvant anti-epileptics used were clonazepam (30), clobazam (24) tablets. Most common adverse effect noted was dizziness (31%).Conclusions: Tablet clonazepam is effective adjunct for tonic clonic seizures. Clobazam table is recommended as add-on drug for focal and generalised seizures. Adjuvant anti-epileptic drugs decrease seizure remission with fewer tolerable adverse effects.
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Maden, Buse Nur, and Saliha Ece Acuner. "Investigation of anti-inflammatory drug usage in the treatment of epilepsy through analyzing the epilepsy-inflammation relation at the molecular level." Biotech Studies 34, SI (2025): 9–24. https://doi.org/10.38042/biotechstudies.1662530.
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Epilepsy is a neurological brain disorder that affects social life by causing seizures, loss of consciousness, and muscle contractions. The causes of epilepsy include tumors, genetic diseases, brain injuries during childbirth, and infections affecting the body. Antiepileptic drugs are commonly used for treatment, but about one-third of individuals continue to experience seizures despite medication. These drugs effectively prevent seizures but do not address the underlying mechanisms of the disease. Inflammation, i.e. biological response of the body's immune system to harmful stimuli, can be the result or cause of various diseases and is recognized as one of the contributing factors to epilepsy. This study investigates the molecular-level connection between inflammation and epilepsy through mapping transcriptomic data to reconstructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, reveal important subnetworks and detect potential common drug targets for inflammation and epilepsy. The most connected hub proteins of the subnetwork related to inflammation, derived from the expression data mapping are AKT1, IL6, and TLR4. After conducting molecular docking studies of anti-inflammatory drugs with these targets, Resveratrol and Fentanyl were identified as potential drugs with anti-inflammatory effects and suitable for epilepsy. Thus, we suggest further experimental studies for validation of using anti-inflammatory drugs Resveratrol and Fentanyl against epilepsy.
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Zaib-un-nissa*, Muhammad Iqbal Suhail Ahmed Almani Aatir H. Rajput Muhammad Muneeb Hamid Memon Syed Jehangir and Shahrukh Shaikh. "CASUAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GINGIVAL INDEX SCORE AMONG EPILEPTIC PATIENTS USING CARBAMAZEPINE, SODIUM VALPROATE AND PHENYTOIN." Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 04, no. 06 (2017): 1565–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.817621.
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Abstract: Objective: This research hoped to compare the periodontal health of epileptic patients using three different anti-epilepsy drugs, namely, carbamazepine, phenytoin and sodium valproateusing the gingival index score. Methodology: This casual comparative analysis of periodontal health was conducted at Liaquat University Hospital from January to March (2017) upon 3 groups of patients, each using a different anti-epileptic drug. The groups comprised of 15 patients each and the groups were matched for age, sex and duration of drug therapy. All recordings made on the gingival index score on each patien t were carried out by two independent observers and neither of the observers knew what anti-epilepsy therapy the patients were taking. The observers had tools (other than the gingival index score and visual comparison chart) such as mouth mirror and periodontal pr obe at their disposal. Informed (written) consent was taken from the subjects and the data collected was analyzed using SPSS v. 21.0 and MS. Excel 2016. It was ensured through rigorous questioning that the patients had each been using anti-epilepsy drug monotherapy i.e. the patients had been using only one of the aforementioned drugs. This ensured the validity and reliability of the results. Result: Differences were observed in periodontal health of patients using the different anti-epilepsy drugs. Patients using sodium valproate monotherapy had the highest gingival index scores that correspond to poorer periodontal health and gingival condition. The duration of therapy was directly proportional to the higher gingival index score. Conclusion: Anti-Epilepsy drugs namely, carbamazepine, sodium valproate and phenytoin have marked ill-effects on periodontal health, as is revealed by the gingival index score. The magnitude damage that each drug causes differs and is higher than the reported literature norms of healthy individuals. Patients on sodium valproate monotherapy had the highest gingival index score followed closely by patients using phenytoin monotherpay. Carbamazepine was by far the safest of the three, with lowest gingival index score. Key Words: Epilepsy, Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Sodium Valproate, Anti-Epilepsy Drugs, Anti-Convulsion Drugs, Periodontal Health and Gingival Index.
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Tri Utami, Melinda, Refani Adisti Rahmadini, Adelia Putri, et al. "REVIEW ARTIKEL : PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTI EPILEPSI DI RUMAH SAKIT." Medimuh : Jurnal Kesehatan Muhammadiyah 4, no. 2 (2023): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37874/mh.v4i2.632.
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ABSTRAK 
 Epilepsi adalah gangguan pada sistem saraf pusat akibat pola aktivitas listrik yang berlebihan di otak (Rahmat, 2021). Epilepsi memerlukan pengobatan yang lama (Dewi, 2020). Kepatuhan minum obat akan mempengaruhi hasil pengobatan. Hal ini menyebabkan penderitanya mengalami kejang secara berulang pada sebagian atau seluruh tubuh. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penggunaan obat antiepilepsi di Rumah Sakit dan untuk mengetahui beberapaorang yang menderita epilepsi di berbagai kota di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam artikel ini dengan mengumpulan jumlah penelitian sebanyak 11 jurnal dari situs “Google Scholar” dengan kata kunci anti epilepsi, epilepsi, pengobatan anti epilepsi, penggunaan obat anti epilepsi.
 Kata kunci : anti epilepsi, pengobatan antiepilepsi, epilepsi, penggunaan obat anti epilepsi.
 
 ABSTRACT 
 Epilepsy is the use of disordes of the central nervous system due to excessive electrical activity patterns in the brain. Epilepsy requires prolonged treatment. Medication adherence will affect the outcome of treatment. This causes the sufferer to experience repeated seizures in parts or the whole body. The purpose of this study was to dertemine the use of anti-epileptic drugs in hospitals and to find out how many people suffer from epilepsy in various cities in Indonesia. The research method used in this article by collecting 11 research journals from the “Google Scholar” site with the keywords antidpilepticm,epilepsy, anti-epileptic medication, use of antiepileptic drugs.
 
 Keywords: anti epilepsy, anti epileptic medication, epilepsy, use of anti-epileptic drugs
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Lv, Yu-Qin, Xing Wang, Yu-Zhuang Jiao, et al. "Interactome overlap between risk genes of epilepsy and targets of anti-epileptic drugs." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (2022): e0272428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272428.
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Aanti-epileptic drugs have been used for treating epilepsy for decades, meanwhile, more than one hundred genes have been identified to be associated with risk of epilepsy; however, the interaction mechanism between anti-epileptic drugs and risk genes of epilepsy was still not clearly understood. In this study, we systematically explored the interaction of epilepsy risk genes and anti-epileptic drug targets through a network-based approach. Our results revealed that anti-epileptic drug targets were significantly over-represented in risk genes of epilepsy with 17 overlapping genes and P-value = 2.2 ×10 −16. We identified a significantly localized PPI network with 55 epileptic risk genes and 94 anti-epileptic drug target genes, and network overlap analysis showed significant interactome overlap between risk genes and drug targets with P-value = 0.04. Besides, genes from PPI network were significantly enriched in the co-expression network of epilepsy with 22 enriched genes and P-value = 1.3 ×10 −15; meanwhile, cell type enrichment analysis indicated genes in this network were significantly enriched in 4 brain cell types (Interneuron, Medium Spiny Neuron, CA1 pyramidal Neuron, and Somatosensory pyramidal Neuron). These results provide evidence for significant interactions between epilepsy risk genes and anti-epileptic drug targets from the perspective of network biology.
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Bharat, Sharma, and Sakshi Parul. "Interactions Between Anti-Epileptic Drugs and Contraceptives: A Review." International Healthcare Research Journal 5, no. 1 (2021): RV14—RV18. https://doi.org/10.26440/IHRJ/0501.04409.
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Around half of the pregnancies in women with epilepsy are unplanned and the choice of contraceptive method in epileptic women is important, since it requires considering their possible pharmacological interactions with certain types of anti-epileptic drugs. Drugs from this class which induce hepatic enzyme activity may alter the metabolism of most hormonal methods of contraception, and this may affect their contraceptive efficacy. Hormonal contraception is regarded as highly effective, but its interaction with anti-epileptics may accelerate the metabolism of the latter with the consequent risk of failure, reduction of plasma concentration predisposing to seizures, risk of unwanted pregnancies, abortions, teratogenicity, maternal or fetal complications and difficulty in the management of epilepsy during pregnancy. In case of prescribing both medications, the combined use with a barrier method should be considered. Family planning counseling at the first visit has been shown to influence the choice of the contraceptive method. In conclusion, the different therapeutic options should be analyzed together with the epileptic patients in order to achieve and optimize the best goal for each one This article reviews these issues and offers practical recommendations for the management of contraception in epileptic patients.
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Kulshreshtha, Dinkar, Pradeep Maurya, Ajai Singh, and Anup Thacker. "Withdrawal of anti-epileptic drugs: A review." International Journal of Epilepsy 02, no. 01 (2015): 038–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijep.2015.03.002.
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AbstractAnti-epileptic drugs are the mainstay in treatment of epilepsy. It requires a strong clinical decision in patients who are well controlled on medications to withdraw anti-epileptic drugs. This decision has to be based on the clinical profile, epilepsy type, neuroimaging and electroencephalography (EEG) findings and has to be more individualized as per the patient needs. In the context of drug withdrawal, it is necessary to look into the details of why, how and when to withdraw anti-epileptics. In this article, we critically try to answer such queries and look into the established guidelines with respect to drug withdrawal. We shall look into the chances of recurrence on stopping these drugs. Also, in the end we shall discuss briefly some special clinical scenarios where decision to stop anti-epileptic drugs is a challenging task.
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Muralinath, E., Devi Pooja, Chbukdhara Prasanta, et al. "The Complex Relationship between Drugs and Epileptic Patients: A Comprehensive Exploration." Journal of Trauma, Orthopaedic and Urological Nursing 2, no. 1 (2023): 7–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10416835.
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<em>Epilepsy is a neurological disorder manifested by recurrent seizures, influencing millions of people worldwide. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are treated as primary treatment for epilepsy. Anti-epileptic drugs show their action on various targets particularly within the brain, namely ion channels, neurological transmitter system. Types of Anti-epileptic drugs include calcium channel blockers, GABA enhancers, glutamate receptor antagonist and sodium channel blockers. Side effects of AEDs are dizziness or drowsiness, life style factors namely sleep, stress management. Some studies indicate that cannabidol (CBD) may decrease seizure frequency particularly in certain types of epilepsy. Finally it us concluded that health care professionals play a major role in monitoring and managing drug interactions, educating patients regarding potential risks and. Providing holistic care to address both seizure control and overall health.</em>
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Anti-Epilepsy Drugs"
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Omtzigt, Juliette Geertruida Caecilia. "Epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs, and birth defects." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/12101.
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Fluet-Chouinard, Adrien. "Synthesis of Analogs of a Potential Drug for Treatment of Epilepsy." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39257.
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Prior work in the Durst group had generated more than forty analogs of the potent anticonvulsant isoxylitone isolated isolated from a medicinal plant Delphinium denudatum Wall. The nitrile designated as TD532 was the most potent compound generated by A. Saikaley. The starting material for the synthesis of TD532 is isophorone. The observation that TD532 showed considerable potential as an anticonvulsant suggested that other cyclohexenones might have have similar activity. During this project close to fifty derivatives of cyclohex-2-enone, focusing mainly on 3-arylcylohex-2-enones, were prepared. The synthesis of these compounds is described and structure activity relationships are discussed. Based on all the available structure activity data, we have designated the indicated portion of structure A as the pharmacophore for anticonvulsant and anti-epileptic activity.
The ester designated as TD561 (compound 40) showed excellent potential in both in vitro and in vivo assays. It has been shown to be a pro-drug of the corresponding acid TD562 (compound 48). These two compounds and the sodium salt of TD562 are currently undergoing final pre-clinical studies at the Center for Drug Research and Development in Vancouver. Five analogs, including TD561 are also under investigation by the Epilepsy and Seizure Division of the US National Institutes of Health.
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Gillies, Stuart Graham. "The NRSF and USF transcription factor families regulate pro-convulsant neuropeptides and are targets for anti-convulsant drug treatment: implications for epilepsy." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/1302/.
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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder which can arise following an initial insult that over time, progresses into a condition characterised by recurrent spontaneous seizures. During a latent period between the initial insult and the epilepsy condition proper, major changes occur within the brain at both a cellular and molecular level, in a process known as epileptogenesis. It is postulated that during epileptogenesis, signal transduction pathways are perturbed following the initial insult, which may bring about long term changes in gene expression profiles. For example, the expression of a host of neuropeptides is known to be modulated in response to an initial insult, including the up-regulation of the pro-convulsant tachykinins Substance P and Neurokinin B, encoded by the TAC1 and TAC3 genes, respectively. In this thesis I have explored the regulation of both of these genes by two distinct transcription factor (TF) families; the Neuron Restrictive Silencing Factor (NRSF) isoforms, and the Upstream Stimulatory Factor (USF) proteins. I demonstrate that both NRSF and USF variants regulate TAC3 promoter activity, and that NRSF isoforms can modulate endogenous NKB expression in a human neuroblastoma cell line. Furthermore, these distinct TF families are shown to work in cooperation to regulate the activity of the rat TAC1 promoter. Thus, both NRSF and USF variants are shown to be important in the regulation of pro-convulsant neuropeptides and as both NRSF and USF proteins have been shown to be induced by pro-convulsant stresses here, they are potential key TFs in epileptogenesis, responding to an initial insult, and orchestrating downstream gene expression changes. Consistent with such a model, I have also revealed that both NRSF and USF variants are modulated by anti-convulsant drug treatment. Here, three distinct anti-convulsant drugs, were found to differentially modulate the expression of both the full-length NRSF, and its truncated isoform, as well as the USF proteins USF1 and USF2. Furthermore, whilst the drugs had limited impact upon the localisation of these TFs in human neuroblastoma cells, they did affect the binding of these TFs to target DNA sequences, particularly NRSF binding to its recognition DNA sequence, the NRSE, in a number of genes. In addition, due to an increasingly appreciation of the role of cocaine and the dopaminergic pathways in seizure progression, I explored the impact of cocaine treatment on the expression of these TFs. Cocaine was found to modulate both NRSF and USF variant expression, and NRSF binding to target DNA sequences. These findings suggest that both NRSF and USF variants are important in epileptogenesis and are targets for modulation by the anti-convulsant drugs investigated here. To further explore the significance of NRSF expression in seizure progression, I explored the impact of over-expression of NRSF isoforms, modelling that which occurs in response to seizure in animal models, on global gene expression pathways. I reveal that NRSF isoform over-expression significantly modulates the expression of a host of genes with known associations with epilepsy, supporting a model that NRSF isoforms are key TFs which respond to the initial insult and coordinate long-term changes in gene expression. These findings may help our understanding of the molecular mechanisms at work during epileptogenesis, and may better our understanding of the progression of epilepsy.
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Carona, Andreia Filipa Correia. "Development of an analytical technique for the quantification of anti-epileptic drugs in saliva as a new toll for therapeutic monitoring of epileptic patients." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/92959.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Farmacologia Aplicada apresentada à Faculdade de Farmácia<br>A epilepsia é uma das doenças neurológicas mais comuns, afetando aproximadamente 1% da população mundial. Caracteriza-se pela ocorrência de convulsões recorrentes e espontâneas, provocadas por um desequilíbrio entre os sistemas excitatórios e inibitórios cerebrais. Atualmente, o principal objetivo do tratamento é reduzir a ocorrência das convulsões, melhorando a qualidade de vida dos doentes. Existem dezenas de fármacos antiepiléticos disponíveis na clínica para controlar/prevenir as crises epiléticas e prevenir a evolução da doença. No entanto, o número de doentes que continua a não responder ao tratamento é elevado. Para além disso, uma elevada variabilidade farmacocinética inter- individual tem demostrado a importância da monitorização da terapêutica, de forma a individualizar a terapêutica. As principais matrizes biológicas utilizadas na monitorização terapêutica de antiepiléticos são o plasma e o soro. Contudo, o uso destas matrizes requer profissionais especializados para fazer a colheita, constituindo um obstáculo à recolha de amostras em ambulatório. Desta forma, a saliva pode ser uma excelente alternativa, pois a sua recolha é simples e rápida, o próprio doente pode recolher a amostra, promovendo a adesão dos doentes aos estudos de monitorização terapêutica de fármacos. Mais ainda, torna possível a recolha de amostra em doentes com dificuldade de acesso venoso, como os idosos e doentes epiléticos antes, durante ou após uma crise epilética.O presente trabalho consistiu no desenvolvimento e validação, de acordo com as diretrizes internacionais, de uma técnica de cromatografia líquida de elevada resolução (HPLC) com deteção de fotodíodos (DAD) para quantificar com exatidão e precisão a carbamazepina, carbamazepina-10,11-époxido, S-licarbazepina, lacosamida e levetiracetam em amostras de saliva. A técnica revelou ser linear nas gamas entre 0,2–6 mg/L para a carbamazepina e carbamazepine-10,11-époxido, 0,3–9 mg/L para a S-licarbazepina, 1–30 mg/L para a lacosamida e 0,8–24 mg/L para o levetiracetam. Os valores de exatidão variaram entre -14,76 a 9,35% e - 12,87 e 11,18% para os valores de intra e inter-dia, respetivamente. No caso da precisão, os valores de intra-dia estiveram entre os 3,45 to 10,76% e os de inter-dia entre 3,85 to 13,05%. Os valores de recuperação foram reprodutíveis (73,46–90,16% para os controlos de qualidade de baixa concentração e 78,19–90,76% para os controlos de qualidade de alta concentração). Para além disso, as amostras de saliva mostraram-se estáveis à temperatura ambiente durante 72h (87,12–113,19%), criando a oportunidade de implementar a recolha de saliva em ambulatório com o subsequente transporte para o laboratório onde a amostra é analisada. Com esta nova estratégia, espera-se aumentar o número de doentes incluídos nos estudos de monitorização da terapêutica e investigar a correlação entre as concentrações de saliva, efeitos adversos e terapêuticos e otimização do regime terapêutico.Uma vez validada, a técnica foi utilizada para quantificar os antiepiléticos supramencionados na saliva de doentes epiléticos internados no Centro de Epilepsia Refratária do Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC EPE, Coimbra). Em simultâneo, os fármacos foram também quantificados em plasma. Os resultados obtidos mostraram uma correlação estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05) entre as amostras de plasma e saliva de carbamazepina (r2 = 0,6013; r = 0,7754), carbamazepina-10,11-epóxido (r2 = 0,9062; r = 0,9520), S-licarbazepina (r2 = 0,7980; r = 0,8933) e de levetiracetam (r2 = 0,7468; r = 0,8642). Relativamente à lacosamida, e apesar de haver evidência de as concentrações plasmáticas se correlacionarem com as salivares (r = 0,8543; r2 = 0,7298), o número de amostras foi bastante baixo (n = 4).Estes resultados preliminares sugerem a possibilidade de implementar a monitorização terapêutica da carbamazepina, carbamazepina-10,11-epóxido, S-licarbazepina, lacosamida e levetiracetam em amostras de saliva humana. Esta será uma estratégia promissora para estabelecer o intervalo de concentrações terapêuticas individuais destes fármacos e avaliar a adesão à terapêutica.<br>Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders, affecting approximately 1% of the world population. It is a state of recurrent and unprovoked seizures, due to an imbalance in the excitatory and inhibitory neuronal systems of the brain. The main goal of epilepsy treatment is to reduce the occurrence of seizures and give the best quality of life to patients. There are dozens of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), but the number of patients who do not respond to treatment remains significant. Furthermore, high pharmacokinetic inter- individual variability has shown the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in order to individualize drug posology. Plasma and serum are the main biological matrices applied for TDM of AEDs. Nevertheless, the necessity of a specialized professional to collect the samples has been an obstacle to sample collection in ambulatory. Therefore, saliva can be an excellent alternative to be easily applied in ambulatory. It is simpler and faster to collect, promoting patients’ compliance. Moreover, saliva sample collection avoids complications associated to patients with difficult venous access, such as elderly and epileptic patients during seizures.Herein, a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique with diode-array detection (DAD) was developed and full validated according to international guidelines, in order to quantify carbamazepine, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, S-licarbazepine, lacosamide and levetiracetam in saliva. The technique was linear in the following concentrations ranges: 0.2–6 mg/L for carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, 0.3–9 mg/L for S- licarbazepine, 1–30 mg/L for lacosamide and 0.8–24 mg/L for levetiracetam. Accuracy values ranged from -14.76 to 9.35% and -12.87 and 11.18%. in intra-day and inter-day analysis, respectively. Intra-day values of precision varied between 3.45 to 10.76% and inter-day values ranged from 3.85 to 13.05%. Reproducible recovery yields were achieved (73.46–90.16% for the low quality control and 78.19–90.76% for the high quality control). Moreover, the high stability of saliva samples at room temperature during 72h (87.12–113.19%) creates the opportunity to implement saliva collection in ambulatory with subsequent transport of samples to the laboratory for analysis. This new strategy is expected to increase the number of patients subjected to TDM and investigate the correlation between saliva concentrations, therapeutic and adverse effects and optimize drug posology.The validated technique was subsequently applied to saliva samples of epileptic patients admitted to the Refractory Epilepsy Centre of Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC EPE, Coimbra). Simultaneously, plasma samples were determined for the same patients and correlated with saliva concentrations. The obtained results showed a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05) between plasma and saliva concentrations for carbamazepine (r2 = 0.6013; r = 0.7754), carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (r2 = 0.9062; r = 0.9520), S- licarbazepine (r2 = 0.7980; r = 0.8933) and levetiracetam (r2 = 0.7468; r = 0.8642). Regarding lacosamide, even though there is evidence of correlation (r = 0.8543; r2 = 0.7298), the number of samples were small (n = 4) and statically evidence was not found.These preliminary results support the implementation of TDM of carbamazepine, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, S-licarbazepine, lacosamide and levetiracetam in human saliva samples. This would be a simple and promising approach to establish the individual therapeutic range of those AEDs and assess drug compliance.
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Teixeira, Liliana Sofia Martins. "Contribuição do tratamento com fármacos antiepiléticos para o declínio cognitivo na epilepsia." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/6352.
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Orientação: Marisa Helena Fonseca Nicolai<br>A epilepsia é uma das doenças neurológicas mais graves e prevalentes que
afeta todas as idades. É um distúrbio anormal da atividade elétrica do cérebro,
caraterizado pela ocorrência de convulsões intermitentes, imprevisíveis de forma
repetitiva. As suas crises epiléticas são classificadas de acordo com a classificação
adotada pela Liga Internacional Contra Epilepsia (LICE). O tratamento ideal visa o
controlo completo das crises sem ocorrência de efeitos secundários por parte dos
antiepiléticos. Os fármacos antiepiléticos caracterizam-se por atuarem nos neurónios,
em quatro locais específicos: nos neurónios que são, canais de sódio, cálcio, potássio
e sobre os neurotramissores do GABA (ácido gama-aminobutírico).
Ao longo deste trabalho é possível observar a evolução dos fármacos
antiepiléticos usados no tratamento da epilepsia. Sendo um dos problemas do seu
tratamento, o aparecimento de doentes resistentes à terapêutica, que desenvolvem as
designadas crises refratárias, que comprometem o estilo de vida do doente,
aumentando do risco de morte súbita.
A elaboração desta dissertação remete para um trabalho de revisão
bibliográfica, que visa compreender a etiologia da epilepsia, bem como as medidas
farmacológicas usadas no seu tratamento, abordando, deste modo, a importância do
tratamento farmacológico, bem como alguns dos problemas associados ao
aparecimento das crises refratárias.<br>Epilepsy is one of the most serious and prevalent neurological disease that
affects all ages. It is a disorder of anormal electrical activity of the brain, characterized
by the occurrence of intermittent seizures, unpredictable repetitively. His seizures are
classified according to the classification adopted by the International League Against
Epilepsy. Your ideal treatment is aimed at the complete seizure control without
occurrence of side effects from the antiepileptic. Antiepileptic drugs are characterized
by acting in four specific sites on neurons: sodium channels, calcium, potassium and
neurotransmitters on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Throughout this paper it is
possible to observe the evolution of antiepileptic drugs used to treat epilepsy. As one of
its treatment problems, the emergence of resistant patients to therapy, developing the
so-called refractory seizures that compromise the patient's lifestyle and increase the
risk of sudden death.
The preparation of this work refers to a work literature review. That aims to
understand the etiology of epilepsy and the pharmacological mediated used in its
treatment. Thereby addressing the importance of drug therapy as well as some of the
problems associated with the development of refractory seizures.
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Doccini, Viola. "Efficacy, Long-term Efficacy and Tolerability of Lacosamide, Stiripentol, Fenfluramine Hydrochloride and Levetiracetam in children, adolescents and young adults with different types of epilepsy." Doctoral thesis, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2158/1293559.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION. Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders characterized by the presence of spontaneous and recurrent seizures and it affects 1% of the population worldwide. Up to 30% of patients continue to have seizures despite an adequate and well-tolerated treatment with antiepileptic drugs (ASMs), used singularly or in combination. These individuals are regarded as having refractory or drug- resistant epilepsy. In 2010, an Internationally accepted definition of refractory epilepsy was proposed by a Task Force of International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) as “failure of adequate trials of two tolerated, appropriately chosen and used ASM schedules to achieve sustained seizure freedom”. Regardless of the advances in the field of epilepsy and the acquisition of new antiepileptic drugs, the proportion of drug-resistant patients remain unchanged.
Dravet syndrome (DS) is a rare, drug-resistant, developmental epileptic encephalopathy with onset in infancy characterized by multiple types of frequent, disabling epileptic seizures, developmental delay/cognitive impairment and an increased risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). In more than 80% of patients, a sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 1 gene (SCN1A) genetic variant can be demonstrated, although diagnosis is based on clinical criteria.
Idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs) are the most common group of epilepsies in children and adolescents and include four well-characterized epilepsy syndromes: childhood absence epilepsy, juvenile absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, and IGE with generalized tonic–clonic seizures only. Distinctive features of IGE syndromes are typical age of onset, specific generalized seizures type, normal background EEG activity and interictal generalized spike-and-wave (GSW) discharges in the absence of any brain lesion and with normal developmental skills.
Lacosamide (LCM) is a third generation ASM approved by European Medicines Agency (EMA) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as both monotherapy and adjunctive therapy in treatment of focal seizures, with or without bilateral tonic-clonic seizures, in patient older than 16 (EMA) or 17 (FDA) years old.
Stiripentol (STP) is a third generation ASM indicated as adjunctive therapy in Dravet syndrome, whose seizures are not adequately controlled with clobazam and valproate.
Fenfluramine (FFA) Hydrochloride is fourth generation ASMs, recently noticed as effective for the treatment of convulsive seizures and non-convulsive SE in DS. In the 2019, Zogenix supported an EAP of FFA in patients with a clinical diagnosis of DS, without echocardiographic signs of cardiac valve disfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension and in June 2020 FDA approved FFA for the treatment of seizures in DS.
Levetiracetam (LEV) is one of the most widely used ASMs for both adults and children. It is approved by EMA and FDA as adjunctive therapy in IGEs with myoclonic or tonic-clonic seizures in patients >12 years, as monotherapy in focal seizures in patients >16 years and as add-on therapy in focal or focal to bilateral tonic- clonic seizures in children and adults.
AIM OF THE STUDY. To evaluate efficacy, long-term efficacy and tolerability of LCM, STP, FFA, or LEV in a cohort of children, adolescents and young adults with different types of refractory epilepsies, including focal and generalized forms and epileptic encephalopathies such as DS.
METHODS. Patients treated with Study Drugs as therapy for different, refractory, types of epilepsy and seen at the Neuroscience Center of Excellence-Meyer Children Hospital in different period time were included in our studies. Data were retrospectively reviewed. Responder rate, relapse free survival and retention rate were calculated. Tolerability was assessed by reporting adverse events.
RESULTS. Lacosamide: A total of 88 individuals (41 female) aged 4 months to 18 years (median 10.5 years; mean ± SD 10.6 ± 4.8 years) received add-on LCM treatment for refractory epilepsy. Thirty-four patients (38.6%) were responders with a median time to relapse of 48 months. Nine (26.4%) of the 34 responders were seizure-free. For all 88 patients, the probability of remaining on LCM without additional therapy was 74.4% at 6 months, 47.7% at 12 months, 27.9% at 24 months, 18.0% at 48 months, and 8.2% at 72 months of follow-up. No statistically significant differences in relapse and retention time were observed with regard to epilepsy and seizure types, duration and course of epilepsy, number and type of antiepileptic
drugs (AEDs; sodium channel blockers vs others) used in add-on. The most frequent adverse events were dermatological (4/11) and behavioral (3/11).
Stiripentol first study: A total of 132 individuals aged from 5 months to 43 years received add-on STP, including 30 patients with DS. The median follow-up was 14.8 months (range=4 months-18 years, interquartile range=25.72). Twenty-nine individuals (22%) received more than two ASMs. Benzodiazepines, mainly clobazam, were the most commonly used add-on drugs. Sixty-six patients (50%) were responders, and 13 of them (9.8%) were seizure-free. Responder rate was higher in the genetic etiology group (57%), especially in DS (18/30; 60%), and in patients with refractory focal onset epilepsy without bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (5/15; 33%). The median relapse-free survival was 27 months in the 66 responders. The median time to STP failure was 24.6 months in all 132 individuals.
Stiripentol second study: We expanded our analysis to a larger cohort of 196 patients with long-term follow-up. We observed a responder rate of 53% including seizure freedom in 9%. Etiology was associated with sustained response over time, with DS being the etiology with the highest responder rate (64%) at 48 months compared with syndromes with other genetic causes (13%) or unknown etiology (38%). A higher responder rate over time was also observed in patients with generalized (44%) and combined focal and generalized epilepsies (28%) than in patients with focal epilepsies (20%). The highest relapse free-survival was observed when STP was initiated at the youngest age (0-4 years) or in adulthood.
Fenfluramine:
Levetiracetam: A total of 88 patients with IGEs aged from 3.4 to 33.8 years, started LEV as monotherapy or add-on therapy. The median follow-up was 7.3 months (range=0.5-106 months). Thirty-four individuals (46.6%) received more than two ASMs. Thirty-five patients (39.8%) were responders, and 26 of them (29.5%) were seizure-free. The median time to LEV failure was 42 months and the median retention time was 10 months in all 88 individuals. A higher retention time was observed in patient older than 14 years. Fifty-
Fifty-two patients were enrolled, with a median age of 8.6 years (interquartile range
[IQR] = 4.1-13.9). Forty-five (86.5%) patients completed the efficacy analysis. The median follow-up was 9.0
months (IQR = 3.2-9.5). At last follow-up visit, there was a 77.4% median reduction in convulsive seizures.
Thirty-two patients (71.1%) had a ≥50% reduction of convulsive seizures, 24 (53.3%) had a ≥75% reduction,
and five (11.1%) were seizure-free. The most common adverse event was decreased appetite (n = 7, 13.4%).
No echocardiographic signs of cardiac valvulopathy or pulmonary hypertension were observed. There was no
correlation between type of genetic variants and response to FFA.
seven patients changed their therapy regimen by replacing LEV with another ASMs. Fourty-two (73.4%)
remained responders at the last evaluation. About patients that replaced LEV with VPA or ETS, 23/27 (85.2%)
or 9/12 (75%) were responders, respectively (p=0.19).
neurological/psychiatric (17/18).
CONCLUSIONS. Lacosamide:
This study documents a real-world progressive and significant loss
Stiripentol: suggest that STP is an effective and well-tolerated therapeutic option not only in DS but also in other epilepsy syndromes with or without an established genetic etiology, with sustained response over time.
Fenfluramine:
Levetiracetam: This study suggests that LEV did not result in a satisfactory clinical response in IGEs, considering their known good prognosis
The most frequent adverse events were
of LCM efficacy over time in a pediatric population. Further prospective studies on larger populations are
required to confirm the remarkable loss of LCM efficacy over time.
These studies
In this real-world study, FFA provided a clinically meaningful reduction in convulsive
seizure frequency in the majority of patients with DS and was well tolerated.
Further confirmations based on prospectively or controlled designed studies with larger population are
required to confirm our data.
Books on the topic "Anti-Epilepsy Drugs"
1
Hosten, Willard, and Aleph Burtsev. Seizures and anti-epileptic drugs. Nova Science Publishers, 2012.
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S, Meldrum Brian, Williams, Michael, 1947 Jan. 3-, and Princeton Drug Research Symposia (1st : 1989 : Princeton, N.J.), eds. Current and future trends in anticonvulsant, anxiety, and stroke therapy: Proceedings of a symposium held at Princeton, New Jersey, May 21-23, 1989. Wiley-Liss, 1990.
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3
R, Trimble Michael, and Hindmarch I. 1944-, eds. Benzodiazepines. Wrightson Biomedical Pub., 2000.
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4
David, Chadwick, Browne Thomas R, Epilepsy Europe 1992, and Warner-Lambert/Parke-Davis, eds. New trends in epilepsy management: The role of gabapentin : proceedings of a satellite symposium held during Epilepsy Europe 1992. Royal Society of Medicine Services, 1993.
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(Editor), E. Ben-Menachem, Mervyn J. Eadie (Editor), and F. J. E. Vajda (Editor), eds. Antiepileptic Drugs: Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Springer-Verlag Telos, 1999.
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Eadie, Mervyn J. Antiepileptic Drugs: Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.
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Lozsadi, Dora A. Sleep and epilepsy—chicken or egg? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778240.003.0011.
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Epilepsy is the commonest serious chronic neurological condition, affecting 0.5% of the population in the UK. Subjective sleep disturbance and excessive daytime sleepiness are reported to be 50% more frequent in those with epilepsy than in controls. Causes are multiple. Both poor seizure control and nocturnal attacks are known to contribute to such sleep disorders. Epilepsy also increases the risk of associated sleep disorders, and additional neurological conditions, such as dementia, learning disability, and depression. These all affect sleep hygiene. Prescribed anti-epileptic drugs will further aggravate the problem. Side-effects will include drowsiness. Sedating benzodiazepines and barbiturates are considered worst offenders. Others affect sleep architecture to varying degrees and/or cause insomnia. While hyper-somnolence in patients with epilepsy will raise the possibility of any of the above issues, sleep deprivation is one of the commonest seizure triggers. This chapter will shed more light on the intricate relationship between sleep and epilepsy.
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Avanzini, G., G. Avanzini, G. Regesta, P. Tanganelli, and M. Avoli. Molecular and Cellular Targets for Anti-Epileptic Drugs. John Libbey Eurotext Limited, 1997.
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Lynch, Tara A., and J. Christopher Glantz. Seizure Medications Effects on Fetus, Neonate, and Lactation. Edited by Emma Ciafaloni, Cheryl Bushnell, and Loralei L. Thornburg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667351.003.0021.
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Medication use in pregnancy requires a careful balance between the risks of fetal teratogenicity and the maternal benefits of disease treatment. For women with epilepsy, there are many antiepileptic medications available for use in pregnancy. Each varies in their safety profile, risk for fetal anomalies, and effectiveness of seizure control. In most scenarios, the benefits of maternal treatment outweigh the risk of fetal effects, especially in cases of refractory epilepsy or severe disease. Many of the newer anti-epileptic drugs appear to have less teratogenic risk than the older medications. The ideal AED is one that is effective from the woman, is least teratogenic, and used at the lowest possible dose. Overall, a detailed understanding of antiepileptic efficacy, the pharmacologic differences in pregnancy, and the potential adverse fetal effects are required for optimal treatment of pregnant patients with epilepsy.
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Cavanna, Andrea E. Behavioural Neurology of Anti-epileptic Drugs. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198791577.001.0001.
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The Behavioural Neurology of Antiepileptic Drugs is the first clinically oriented reference book on the use of antiepileptic drugs with a focus on their behavioural effects in both patients with epilepsy and patients with primary psychiatric conditions. This book provides a pocket-sized guide to assist neurologists in the use of antiepileptic drugs when treating patients with epilepsy and associated behavioural problems. Psychiatrists treating patients with affective, anxiety, and psychotic disorders will also find this compendium on the behavioural aspects of antiepileptic drugs as a useful tool for their clinical practice. The book is organized alphabetically by antiepileptic drug for easier information gathering, enabling physicians to use the text as a standalone reference in busy clinical settings, such as specialist epilepsy clinics or general psychiatry ward rounds. Particular care was taken in covering the breadth of medications used in modern epilepsy and psychiatry practice, including each drug’s indications, contra-indications, side-effects and important interactions. The underlying pharmacology is also presented to provide a quick refresher and background on the underlying mechanisms. Practical aspects related to prescribing and therapeutic drug monitoring are covered following the most up-to-date evidence based guidance. Each drug monograph closes with a section providing a visual rating in terms of antiepileptic indications, behavioural tolerability, interactions in polytherapy, and psychiatric use, again drawing on the existing evidence. A selected reference list is included to provide readers with the primary sources for clinically-relevant information presented in a concise way within each chapter.
Book chapters on the topic "Anti-Epilepsy Drugs"
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Valle-Dorado, María Guadalupe, Laura Elena Córdova-Dávalos, Daniel Pérez-Pérez, Rosalinda Guevara-Guzmán, and Luisa Rocha. "The Use of Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Epilepsy." In Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology. Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6355-3_2.
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Marescaux, C., M. Vergnes, and R. Bernasconi. "GABAB receptor antagonists: potential new anti-absence drugs." In Generalized Non-Convulsive Epilepsy: Focus on GABA-B Receptors. Springer Vienna, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9206-1_12.
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Hopkins, Anthony, and Richard Appleton. "The treatment of epilepsy." In Epilepsy. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192625489.003.0007.
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Abstract The treatment of epilepsy begins with making a correct diagnosis— the diagnosis that the events are truly seizures, the diagnosis of the seizure type, and the diagnosis of the epilepsy syndrome (pp. 10-22). This is particularly important in children in whom other non epileptic, brief disturbances may be confused with and misdiagnosed as epilepsy (pp. 54; 57-8). The drugs which are used to prevent or control epileptic seizures (anti-epileptic drugs; anticonvulsant drugs) may have to be used for some years—even for life—and have side effects which are occasionally serious. It is therefore important that the diagnosis of epilepsy is correct before these are prescribed.
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Samandouras, George. "Introduction to epilepsy." In The Neurosurgeon's Handbook. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570677.003.0605.
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Jakeer Hussain, Shaik, and Gurajapu Raja Sumant. "Epileptic Seizure Prediction." In Epilepsy [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94005.
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Epilepsy is a nervous disease which causes seizures. Electroencephalography (EEG) gives complex information about the brain dynamics but its visual inspection is difficult and requires skilled interpreters. Source localization means identifying the area of the brain where a seizure can occur. In general, source localization is necessary for patients with a special condition in epilepsy, i.e. when their disease is resistant to drugs. One-third of the people having epilepsy are drug resistant and the latest anti-epileptic drugs cannot stop the seizures completely. Unexpected occurrence of seizure disturbs the quality of life and causes physical damage and thus epilepsy should be predicted. This study will use various signal processing methods to extract features by studying the pre-ictal and inter-ictal periods, localize the source and then finally predict epilepsy with the help of Artificial Neural Networks. The knowledge thus derived can help in preparing a wearable brain - computer interface.
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"The future: hope or hype?" In Epilepsy, edited by Richard E. Appleton and Anthony G. Marson. Oxford University PressOxford, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199233687.003.0010.
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Abstract There is no doubt that the understanding and treatment of epilepsy has improved considerably over the past twenty years and particularly over the past decade. Improvement has been obvious in the following areas: basic, laboratory-based, scientific research, which has given new insights into understanding how and why epilepsy occurs and how epilepsy may be related to a group of disorders called channelopathies the genetics, or inheritance, of epilepsy and the recognition that many epilepsies have a genetic basis, although the genetics is still very complex the development of drugs that are targeted against the precise causes of seizures, including the channels through which the chemicals and neuro- transmitters pass that are responsible for causing the seizures the development of more effective, but more importantly, safer anti- epileptic drugs by the pharmaceutical industry the consideration of performing a surgical procedure sooner rather than later the establishment of epilepsy nurses, which are becoming as common as diabetes nurses.
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Hopkins, Anthony, and Richard Appleton. "The promise of the future." In Epilepsy. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192625489.003.0011.
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Abstract The understanding and treatment of epilepsy has improved considerably over the past fifty years. Most of this improvement has resulted from basic scientific research into how and why epileptic seizures start, and from the development of safer and more effective anti-epileptic drugs by the pharmaceutical industry. However, there is still much work which needs to be carried out, not just to improve our understanding and knowledge, but to improve the quality of life of a child or man or woman with epilepsy.
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Sharma, Gauri. "Application of Deep Learning in Epilepsy." In Approaches and Applications of Deep Learning in Virtual Medical Care. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8929-8.ch004.
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Over the past few decades, chronic illnesses have been on a continuous rise of which epilepsy has been the most common neurological disorder. However, due to the recent progress that has been made by medical science, epilepsy can be controlled for about 70% of the cases. To diagnose epilepsy, EEG, CT scan, MRI, etc. are some of the most common ways, but in this chapter, diagnosis using EEG shall be most focused upon. Although EEG can be considered a good way to decide upon the results of epilepsy proving whether a person is epileptic or not, it is not a completely reliable method. Hence, for its accurate detection we must use sophisticated techniques like CNN and LSTM that will provide a timely and correct diagnosis, reducing the chances of frequent epileptic seizures and SUDEP. Using anti-epileptic drugs cannot guarantee epilepsy prevention, and even if they do, these drugs come with some serious side effects, so people must look back to yoga for a probable permanent treatment.
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Camargo, Carlos Henrique Ferreira, Alexandre Novicki Francisco, Alessandra Zanatta, Francisco Manoel Branco Germiniani, and Hélio A. G. Teive. "Neurosurgical Treatments of Neurodegenerative Disorders." In Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5282-6.ch019.
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Functional neurosurgery consists of procedures that either promotes judicious destruction or chronic stimulation of the nervous system in order to treat disordered behavior or aberrant function, as it is expected in neurodegenerative disorders ([NDs], e.g., movement disorders [Parkinson's disease, Tourette's syndrome, essential tremor, ballism, and dystonia]). Over the past 20 years, approximately 100,000 deep brain stimulation implant procedures have been performed worldwide. Neurosurgery is also a well-established therapeutic option for people with epilepsy whose seizures are not controlled by anti-epilepsy drugs. The most common pathological finding in patients with drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is hippocampal sclerosis. The aim of this chapter is to present the main NDs that can be treated through surgical procedures, and to describe the surgeries with a focus on the pathophysiology of diseases.
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Vezzani, Annamaria, Silvia Balosso, Nicholas H. Varvel, and Ray Dingledine. "Anti-inflammatory Strategies for Disease Modification." In Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, 5th ed., edited by Michael A. Rogawski. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197549469.003.0074.
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Abstract Clinical and preclinical studies have confirmed that neuroinflammation is a salient feature of the epileptic brain. The engagement of several neuroinflammatory pathways has been documented after epileptogenic injuries and in the aftermath of ongoing seizure activity. Preclinical research over the past decade has demonstrated that the ensuing neuroinflammation after epileptogenic triggers promotes seizures, neuronal injury, blood–brain barrier dysfunction, and behavioral comorbidities. Thus, successful modulation of the neuroinflammatory cascade is a potential therapeutic strategy. An overarching goal of anti-inflammatory approaches is to quench pathogenic neuroinflammation while maintaining, or promoting, the homeostatic effects. In this chapter we focus on treatments that are close to clinical translation, outlining the experimental evidence supporting the use of the anti-inflammatory therapy for both reducing drug-resistant seizures and for providing disease-modification effects. Approaches targeting IL-1β-IL-1R1 signaling, COX-2 pathways, immune-endothelial cell interations, statins, and dexamethasone are discussed. Recent combinatorial approaches with disease-modifying effects are highlighted. Successful development of anti-inflammatory therapies for epilepsy faces hurdles. The timing of therapeutic administration after epileptogenic triggers should, ideally, preserve the physiological roles of inflammation while opposing pathological ones. Biomarkers and consideration of epilepsy etiology can help identify patients who will best benefit from anti-inflammatory drugs. Clinical studies of anti-inflammatory treatments are underway in patients with drug-resistant seizures, and the results are described here. New clinical trial designs are likely needed to take into account the differences in mechanism of action between anti-inflammatory and conventional antiseizure medications.
Conference papers on the topic "Anti-Epilepsy Drugs"
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Santos, Maria do Carmo Vasconcelos, Mariana Moreira Soares de Sa, Emanuelle Ferreira Barreto, Aline Cursio Moraes, Roberta Kelly Netto Vinte Guimarães, and Antonio Pereira Gomes Neto. "Progressive myoclonic epilepsy: case report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.688.
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Context: Progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PMS) begins in childhood or during adolescence, being a heterogeneous group of symptomatic progressive progressive generalized epilepsy. Composed of cortical myoclonus, multiple epileptic seizures, delayed or regressed neuropsychomotor development and cerebellar manifestations. Genetics is heterogeneous with a similar clinical presentation, which makes etiological definition difficult. Report a clinical case of generalized epilepsy, myoclonus, cerebellar condition and severe mental impairment. Analysis of medical records of a patient at Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte. Case report: MVPP, 17 years old, previously healthy, adopted son, normal neuropsychomotor development, first generalized tonic-clonic seizure at 8 years old, recurrence at 12 years old, being initiated by Valproato and Clobazam. In 2018 there was a worsening of the crises, perceived myoclonus, added Lamotrigine and Oxcarbazepine. EEG with continuous diffuse epileptic activity of subclinical epilepticus status and unchanged skull MRI. In 2019 he started with gait ataxia, balance changes, dysarthria, dysmetria, cognitive decline, loss of functionality and refractoriness to treatment. Valproate reduced and oxcarbazepine suspended. Video- EEG with ictal pattern of generalized wave polyspicle. Deteriorated cerebellar condition with extensive propaedeutic without alterations. There was no feasibility of genetic testing at the time. Methylprednisolone pulse therapy with partial improvement. Unsuccessful attempt to levetiracetam due to psychotic symptom. He presented lowering of the sensorium, bronchoaspiration and orotracheal intubation. He evolved with myoclonic status, adjusted for anti-crisis drugs, midazolam, thiopental, tracheostomy and gastrostomy. He maintained super- refractory status, being opted for callosotomy. He died within weeks of the procedure. Conclusion: The early diagnosis of PMS is a challenge, and its evolution is usually debilitating, with a poor prognosis and scarce specific treatment. Whenever possible, a genetic study is needed to define an etiological diagnosis.
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Yılmaz, Buse, Ayşenur Coşkun, Canan Üstün, Mutluay Arslan, and Bülent ÜNAY. "OP-128 Evaluation of interictal anxiety level and anxiety-related factors in children with epilepsy using anti-seizure drugs." In 11th Europaediatrics Congress, Antalya, Türkiye, 17 – 21 April 2024. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2024-epac.126.
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Anand, Pooja, Rahul Oinam, and Mamta Bhushan Singh. "Efficacy and Safety of Prednisolone as an Adjunct to Anti-epileptic Drugs in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy (Predrep): A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Control Study." In ECON 2023. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1791476.
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João, Rafael Batista, Mateus Henrique Nogueira, Lucas Scárdua Silva, et al. "Evaluation of suicidal ideation in adult people with epilepsy and caregivers in a tertiary center." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.472.
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Background: Epilepsy is a risk factor for suicidal ideation (SI). SI still poorly investigated in caregivers of people with epilepsy (PWE). Aim: We aimed to analyze the prevalence and predictors of SI in adults PWE and caregivers. Methods: We analyzed 548 consecutive PWE (60% women; median age 41 [18-83]) and 191 caregivers (72% women; median age 47 [18-82]) followed at Outpatients’ epilepsy clinics from a tertiary center. We used “item nine” (item scores ≥1) of the BDI-II to determine the SI presence. The presence of symptoms of anxiety (with BAI) and depression (with BDI-II) was defined with scores ≥14 (for both PWE and caregivers). The presence of anti-seizure drugs (ASDs) adverse effects was defined with the “Liverpool Adverse Events Profile” score≥46. Epidemiological factors and anxiety were investigated as predictors of SI in caregivers and PWE (along with seizure frequency, epilepsy-type, and ASDs’ adverse events). Results: Depression was present in 41% of the PWE and 32% of the caregivers (p=0.04). Anxiety was observed in 37% of PWE and 33% of caregivers (p=0.32). The SI frequency was higher in PWE (19%) compared to the caregivers (11%; p=0.02). Logistic regression analyses were performed for both groups separately. For the PWE (model accounted for 17%-27%), the most significant predictors were anxiety (OR 4.4, p<0.001), presence of ASDs’ adverse effects (OR 2, p=0.021), recurrent seizures (OR 3, p<0.004), and younger age (OR 0.98, p<0.037). For the caregivers (model accounted for 18-37%), only anxiety (OR 43, p<0.001) predicted SI. Conclusion: Identifying SI predictors is equally necessary for PWE and caregivers.
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Moura, Ludmila Sandy Alves, André Taumaturgo Cavalcanti Arruda, and Mário Luciano de Melo Silva Júnior. "Case Report of Tuberous Sclerosis with early West Syndrome." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.542.
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Context: We present a patient diagnosed with Tuberous Sclerosis (TS) who developed West Syndrome (WS) early on. Early diagnosis of TS is important for genetic counseling and WS requires early intervention to avoid neurodevelopmental deficits. Case report: Y.S.L.C., female, 45 days old, presented cardiac rhabdomyoma and 9 hypomelanotic lesions, being diagnosed with TS. At 2 months old, she presented epileptic seizures of flexion spasms, which progressed in 1 week to neuropsychomotor development (NP) regression and hypsarrhythmia. She was diagnosed with WS and treated with vigabatrin. There was suppression of hypsarrhythmic pattern at 8 months old. Currently 8 years old, she has hypochromic stains, hemangiomyolipomas in the right kidney, bilateral renal cysts, sebaceous adenomas, facial angiofibromas, cortical tubers, subependymal nodules, Intellectual Disability and Focal Epilepsy. Conclusions: ET is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in TSC1 and TSC2 genes leading neurodevelopmental changes and cellular hyperplasias. TE diagnosis is clinical, based on major (such as facial angiofibromas, nail fibroma and hypopigmented macules) and minor criteria and molecular tests in doubtful cases. TE is associated with epilepsy in 80-90% of cases (30 to 50% of infantile spasms). WS is an encephalopathy of infantile spasms, NP arrest/regression and hypsarrhythmia. Early diagnosis and use of anti-epileptic drugs are necessary to avoid cognitive impairment.
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Wang, Yuxing, Jingbo Xia, Kaiyin Zhou, et al. "An Active Gene Annotation Corpus and Its Application on Anti-epilepsy Drug Discovery." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm47256.2019.8983031.
Full textReports on the topic "Anti-Epilepsy Drugs"
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Xin, Wu, and Xue Tao. The efficacy and safety of neuromodulation in refractory epilepsy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0042.
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Review question / Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of different neuromodulation applied to the refractory epilepsy and provide a better choice for clinical practice. Condition being studied: Epilepsy is a frequent neurologic illness defined by bursts of hypersynchronized neural network activity that afflict about 1% of the global population. Unfortunately, roughly 30% of people with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) continue to experience seizures despite three anti-seizure drugs. In most cases, resective surgery, as the first-line treatment for DRE, is considered a curative therapy for achieving long-term seizure-free status, but about half of patients are not candidates for surgery due to a variety of factors such as multiple/diffuse/widespread seizure foci, epileptic foci arising from eloquent, primary generalized epilepsy, or patients unwilling to undergo surgery. Neuromodulation, albeit palliative, is an important alternative treatment for these individuals to prevent or decrease ictal episodes, which can affect the nervous system in a variety of ways.
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A range of anti-epilepsy drugs are effective as first-line treatment. National Institute for Health Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000476.
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