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Journal articles on the topic 'Anti-Poverty Programmes'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kochar, Anjini. "The Effectiveness of India's Anti-Poverty Programmes." Journal of Development Studies 44, no. 9 (October 2008): 1289–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220380802265074.

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2

Avram, Silvia. "Social assistance performance in Central and Eastern Europe: A pre-transfer post-transfer comparison." Journal of European Social Policy 26, no. 5 (November 21, 2016): 428–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928716664296.

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The anti-poverty impact of national social assistance programmes in eight Central and Eastern European countries is examined using data from the European Union-Survey of Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). Results indicate that social assistance programmes achieve only limited poverty reduction, while spending a significant amount of their resources on the non-poor. The more extensive and generous programmes achieve higher effectiveness in reducing poverty. Efficiency on the other hand appears to be linked only to programme size and not to benefit levels. Unlike Western Europe, no trade-off between effectiveness and efficiency could be detected.
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3

Feldman, Guy. "Saving from poverty: A critical review of Individual Development Accounts." Critical Social Policy 38, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018317695451.

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The much-heralded anti-poverty strategy of asset-building has been adopted by many countries across the world. Asset-building programmes are designed to help low-income families achieve long-term financial stability through savings and asset accumulation. This article offers a comprehensive and critical review of the current state of theory and research on asset-building programmes, with an emphasis on Individual Development Accounts (IDAs) in the United States. Studies of IDAs have involved quantitative evaluations of the programme, focusing on three key topics: the programme’s effects on clients’ savings behaviour, its effects on clients’ outlook on life, and its long-term impact. On the basis of a careful review of these findings, it is argued that the claim that IDA programmes and asset-building in general have the potential to reduce poverty is overrated and premature. The article builds on theoretical insights regarding the nature of neoliberalism to make sense of the picture portrayed in the research literature.
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4

Masiero, Silvia, and Soumyo Das. "Datafying anti-poverty programmes: implications for data justice." Information, Communication & Society 22, no. 7 (May 13, 2019): 916–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2019.1575448.

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5

Ahmad, Mokbul Morshed, and Janet Gabriel Townsend. "Changing fortunes in anti-poverty programmes in Bangladesh." Journal of International Development 10, no. 4 (June 1998): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1328(199806)10:4<427::aid-jid536>3.0.co;2-n.

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6

Guan, Xinping. "Poverty and Anti-Poverty Programmes in Rural China Since the Mid-1980s." Social Policy & Administration 29, no. 3 (September 1995): 204–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.1995.tb00465.x.

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7

Awojobi, Oladayo Nathaniel. "A Systematic Assessment of Anti-poverty Programmes in Nigeria." African Research Review 13, no. 2 (April 25, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v13i2.5.

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8

Ro, Kong-kyun, and Sang-bong Oh. "Anti-poverty programmes for the urban poor in Korea." International Social Work 31, no. 2 (April 1988): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002087288803100205.

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9

Joshi, A., and M. Moore. "Enabling Environments: Do Anti-Poverty Programmes Mobilise the Poor?" Journal of Development Studies 37, no. 1 (October 2000): 25–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713600057.

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10

Bowen, G. A. "An analysis of citizen participation in anti-poverty programmes." Community Development Journal 43, no. 1 (September 5, 2006): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/bsm011.

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11

Hillebrecht, Michael, Stefan Klonner, Noraogo A Pacere, and Aurélia Souares. "Community-Based versus Statistical Targeting of Anti-Poverty Programs: Evidence from Burkina Faso." Journal of African Economies 29, no. 3 (December 10, 2019): 271–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jafeco/ejz026.

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Abstract Targeting of governmental welfare programmes in low-income countries commonly relies on statistical procedures involving household-level data, while smaller-scale programmes often employ community-based targeting, where village communities themselves identify beneficiaries. Combining original data from community-based targeting exercises in Burkina Faso with a household survey we compare the targeting accuracy of community-based targeting with four common statistical targeting methods when the objective is to target consumption-poor households. We find that community-based targeting is substantially less accurate than statistical targeting in villages, while it is as accurate as the much more costly statistical methods in semi-urban areas. We show that this difference is due to differences in poverty concepts held by rural and urban communities. Its large cost advantage makes community-based targeting far more cost-effective than statistical targeting for common amounts of welfare programme benefits.
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12

Chant, Sylvia. "The ‘Feminisation of Poverty’ and the ‘Feminisation’ of Anti-Poverty Programmes: Room for Revision?" Journal of Development Studies 44, no. 2 (February 2008): 165–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220380701789810.

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13

Gaiha, Raghav. "Do Anti-poverty Programmes Reach the Rural Poor in India?" Oxford Development Studies 28, no. 1 (February 2000): 71–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713688307.

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14

Layton, Matthew L. "Welfare Stereotypes and Conditional Cash Transfer Programmes: Evidence from Brazil’s Bolsa Família." Journal of Politics in Latin America 12, no. 1 (April 2020): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1866802x20914429.

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Some observers claim that conditional cash transfer programmes limit the stigma of taking welfare and thereby promote social inclusion for beneficiaries. This article uses data from the 2014 AmericasBarometer to test these claims in relation to Brazil’s Bolsa Família programme (BFP). The results show that, despite the programme’s innovative design, beneficiaries encounter the stigmatisation and negative self-stereotypes that characterise more traditional anti-poverty programmes. Many Brazilians, recipient and non-recipient alike, endorse explicitly negative stereotypes of Bolsa Família assistance recipients. Moreover, the level to which respondents endorse these stereotypes strongly predicts their level of support for the BFP. These results highlight the pervasive nature of negative stereotypes towards the poor, even in the context of the developing world, and are consistent with the predictions of social psychological theories of system justification.
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15

Ebert, Udo. "Optimal Anti-Poverty Programmes: Horizontal Equity and the Paradox of Targeting." Economica 72, no. 287 (August 2005): 453–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-0427.2005.00425.x.

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16

Atteh, Samuel O. "Grassroots development: American private voluntary organizations’ anti‐poverty programmes in Africa." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 17, no. 2 (July 1999): 245–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589009908729649.

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17

Kiggundu, Moses N. "Anti-poverty and progressive social change in Brazil: lessons for other emerging economies." International Review of Administrative Sciences 78, no. 4 (December 2012): 733–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852312455553.

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This article examines Brazil’s experiences with anti-poverty and progressive social change, and spells out possible lessons for emerging economies with similar challenges. It draws on the Bolsa Familia conditional cash transfers (CCT) and the continuous cash benefits programmes and discusses important aspects of programme leadership, management and coordination. After a brief discussion of poverty, it presents a framework synthesizing key success factors for effective and sustaining programme implementation. Brazil does not offer a ‘blueprint’ for other countries to copy; only lessons from experience. Therefore the article concludes by discussing key ongoing challenges and suggests areas for future research, focusing on comparative studies across countries. Points for practitioners Progress has been made against global poverty, notably in countries experiencing sustained economic growth like Brazil. In spite of these remarkable efforts, challenges remain especially for countries which focus only on macroeconomic growth but not equity or inclusive development. Growth without equity does not eradicate poverty. Accordingly, emerging economies are being urged to pursue multipronged strategies: crafting innovative public policies, reshaping institutions for macroeconomic management, reaching out and engaging target communities, democratization, legislated and constitutionally mandated progressive social change. This article provides practical lessons from experience from Brazil, which practitioners from other emerging economies can adapt to their own circumstances for the effective and sustaining implementation of anti-poverty and progressive social change. It also provides a holistic framework for better understanding the institutional context, leadership, management, inter-government and cross-sectoral coordination and private sector participation. Finally, it identifies some of the key ongoing challenges in Brazil, and suggests areas for applied comparative research.
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18

Srivastava, Ravi S. "Performance of Anti-Poverty Programmes in Indian States: Identifying the Achilles' Heel." Indian Journal of Human Development 6, no. 2 (July 2012): 149–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973703020120201.

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19

Houtzager, Peter P. "The Silent Revolution in Anti-Poverty Programmes: Minimum Income Guarantees in Brazil." IDS Bulletin 38, no. 6 (December 2007): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2007.tb00419.x.

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20

Midgley, James. "Microenterprise, global poverty and social development." International Social Work 51, no. 4 (July 2008): 467–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872808090240.

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English Microenterprise and microfinance are widely promoted today as comprising an important anti-poverty strategy. While they have a role to play, this article shows that claims about their successes are exagge rated. It concludes that these programmes are most effective when incorporated into a wider set of social development policies and programmes specifically designed to address the problem of global poverty. French Micro-entreprise et micro-finance sont généralement présentées aujourd'hui comme faisant partie d'une importante stratégie anti-pauvreté. Bien qu'elles jouent effectivement un rôle, ce papier montre que leurs prétentions aux succés en la matiére sont exagérées. L'article conclut sur le fait que ces méthodes sont le plus efficaces lorsqu'elles sont intégrées dans un ensemble plus large de politiques de développement social et de programmes visant spécifiquement à résoudre le probléme de la pauvreté mondiale. Spanish Hoy se promueve ampliamente la pequeña empresa y el pequeño crédito como estrategia importantes en contra de la pobreza. Aunque dichas estrategias tienen un papel que cumplir, este ensayo muestra que se exageran sus éxitos. Se concluye que tales programas son más efectivos cuando se les incorpora a un conjunto más amplio de políticas sociales y programas específicamente diseñados para bregar con el problema de pobreza global.
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21

Kundu, Amitabh. "Urban poverty in India: Issues and perspectives in development." Social Change 30, no. 1-2 (March 2000): 8–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004908570003000202.

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The present paper examines the trends in rural and urban poverty, analyses the interstate variations and explains these in terms of socio-economic factors. It shows that rural poverty declines smoothly with economic development, which unfortunately is not the case with urban poverty. The availability of water supply, toilets and electricity, that are not explicitly incorporated in the official definition of poverty, has also been analysed at the state level as also across size class of urban settlements. It is argued that the small and medium towns have a weak and unstable economic base. As a consequence, most of these are not in a position to generate funds to provide civic services to all sections of population. These towns, particularly those located in less developed states, should, therefore, be the major concern of government policy. Further, overviewing the changing system of governance, it argues that the seventy-fourth Constitutional Amendment, has not succeeded in genuine empowerment of civic bodies. The power now seems to have shifted from the state governments to the financial institutions, international donors and credit rating agencies. Finally, the capacity of the government to generate employment directly through anti-poverty programmes would remain limited. The paper, therefore, recommends that the anti-poverty programmes should primarily be focussed on provision of basic amenities.
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22

Ganiee, Farooq Ahmad. "A Case Study of Rural Development Programmes In India." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 1, no. 5 (February 28, 2014): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v1i5.3051.

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The Rural development generally refers to the process of improving the quality of life and economic welfare of people living in relatively isolated and sparsely populated areas. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is considered as a “Silver Bullet” for eradicating rural poverty and unemployment, by way of generating demand for productive labour force in villages. It provides an alternative source of livelihood which will have an impact on reducing migration, restricting child labour, alleviating poverty, and making villages self-sustaining through productive assets creation such as road construction, cleaning up of water tanks, soil and water conservation work, etc. For which it has been considered as the largest anti-poverty programme in India. In this paper, based on the secondary data, an attempt has been made to comprehensively understand the development effort to rebuild the rural life and livelihood on the basis of various secondary data.
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23

CHOI, YOUNG JUN, and JIN WOOK KIM. "Contrasting approaches to old-age income protection in Korea and Taiwan." Ageing and Society 30, no. 7 (August 18, 2010): 1135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x10000413.

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ABSTRACTOld-age income security has become one of the most important social policy issues in two East Asian emerging welfare states, South Korea and Taiwan, as they transform at a remarkable pace into societies with a representation of older people approaching that of western countries. During the last two decades, the two countries have developed different forms of social protection for older people. South Korea has expanded social insurance pensions with means-tested benefits, whereas Taiwan has introduced flat-rate old-age allowance programmes that exclude the rich rather than target the poor. much has been written about these programmes, but their actual performance in reducing old-age poverty has not been thoroughly examined. This paper analyses the anti-poverty effect of these programmes, firstly by describing recent developments in the two countries, and secondly by examining headcount poverty rates and the size and incidence of the ‘poverty gap’ using nationally-representative micro-household datasets. We argue that while the programmes have increasingly reduced old-age income security, the different policy choices have resulted in distinctive welfare outcomes in the two countries. In the final section of the article, we discuss the long-term implications of the recent policy reforms.
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24

Masiero, Silvia, and Amit Prakash. "ICT in social protection schemes: deinstitutionalising subsidy-based welfare programmes." Information Technology & People 33, no. 4 (December 6, 2019): 1255–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-02-2018-0086.

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Purpose While the potential of information and communication technology (ICT) for poverty reduction is widely recognised, limited knowledge exists on its use in the social protection schemes devised for the world’s poor. Drawing on the institutionalist vision of IS development and organisational change put forward by Avgerou (2000), the authors propose that computerisation of these schemes entails two processes, namely, the progressive affirmation of ICT innovation and a shift in the programmes' organisational structure, which moves from a subsidy-based model to one grounded on direct cash transfers. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how the role of ICT in anti-poverty schemes results from concomitance of such processes. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on a study of the public distribution system (PDS), the main food security scheme in India, as it is being computerised in the state of Karnataka. Following an interpretive case study methodology, it investigates the ongoing computerisation of the Karnataka PDS through a combination of back-end and front-end technologies, based on biometric recognition of the programme’s users. Findings The data reveal that transformation of the PDS results from the simultaneous processes of institutionalisation of ICT innovation and deinstitutionalisation of the extant state-led subsidy scheme, in favour of a leaner social protection system centred on cash transfers to beneficiaries. This illustrates the point that ICT innovation is intertwined with the decline of an extant social welfare structure and the rise of a new one, based on the direct transfer of benefits. Originality/value The paper offers a new theoretical perspective to illuminate the computerisation of anti-poverty programmes, a phenomenon that affects the entitlements of millions of poor people on a global scale. In parallel, it draws practical implications for countries embarking on the digitalisation of their social protection schemes.
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Dey, Sagarika. "Assessing the Poverty Impact of India’s Largest Livelihood Security Programme: A Study Based on 68th Round of NSSO." Journal of Development Policy and Practice 2, no. 1 (January 2017): 56–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455133316671801.

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The enactment of India’s historic livelihood guarantee programme in the form of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA) has been coterminous with a phase of rapid decline in India’s rural poverty rates. This naturally motivates the question as to whether the observed decline in rural poverty can be attributed, at least partly, to efficient targeting and implementation of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MNREGS). This study underscores the fact that the welfare impact of anti-poverty programmes such as the MNREGS is critically dependent on whether these programmes actually reach the intended beneficiaries. Using the unit-level data from the 68th round of the NSSO survey on Employment and Unemployment, the article first investigates the possible ‘capture’ of the MNREGS at the national and also at the state levels and the consequent ‘crowding out’ of asset poor rural households. Statistical analysis of household data reveals that although at the national level, the scheme seems to be predominantly directed towards the poor, considerable variations exist among states. After correcting for confounders in treatment and control groups, the study finds that access to MNREGS employment significantly lowers the probability of a rural household of falling in the poverty trap. The article, therefore, concludes that the scheme has the potential of favourably impacting and protecting consumption standards among rural poor. Maximisation of this potential, however, would depend upon proper identification of needy households and rooting out of the pseudo-poor from the ambit of the programme.
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Gaiha, Raghav, Katsushi Imai, and P. D. Kaushik. "On the Targeting and Cost-Effectiveness of Anti-Poverty Programmes in Rural India." Development and Change 32, no. 2 (March 2001): 309–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-7660.00207.

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27

Waddan, Alex. "President Obama, poverty, and the scope and limits of social policy change." Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy 35, no. 1 (February 2019): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21699763.2018.1563560.

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AbstractThere has been a growing discussion in recent years about rising inequality in the U.S. Yet, this discourse, in focusing on the fortunes of the top 1%, distracted attention from the design of policy initiatives aimed at improving socio-economic conditions for the poor. This paper examines the development of anti-poverty politics and policy in the US during the Obama era. It analyses how effective the strategies and programmes adopted were and asks how they fit with models of policy change. The paper illustrates that the Obama administration did adopt an array of anti-poverty measures in the stimulus bill, but these built on existing programmes rather than create new ones and much of the effort was stymied by institutional obstacles. The expansion of the Medicaid program, which was part of the ACA, was also muted by institutional opposition, but it was a more path breaking reform than is often appreciated.
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Said, Nadzirah Mohd, Noorshella Che Nawi, and Noorul Azwin Md Nasir. "Intention towards Using Loan in Income Generating Activities: A Conceptual Study among Poor and Low-Income Households in Malaysia." 12th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 12, no. 1 (October 8, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2021.12(67).

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Even though the country has done a fantastic job of eradicating poverty, some significant challenges and concerns come as a result of globalisation. The following are important concerns that must be solved as the country enters a new category of poverty. Malaysia is an impendence country which variety population segmentation based on ethnicity as well as religion. In actuality, it has the potential to aggravate social issues, particularly in Malaysia. Indeed, Malaysia has adopted many social programmes including economic and social investment. However, poor people in rural and urban areas since poverty has long been seen to be a rural issue with more than half of all family units falling into this category in Malaysia. Besides, there is a lack of awareness of the causes and sources of poverty as well as a strategy for dealing with the issue. In addition, there is currently a scarcity of research on the influence of anti-poverty initiatives on community welfare in the Malaysian context. Hence, low-income people's goals regarding the Malaysian government's incentive or programme to improve their income are conceptualised in this paper by concern the Theory of Planned Behaviour with four variables namely attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and entrepreneurial competencies. Keywords: Attitude, Entrepreneurial Competencies, Entrepreneurial Intention, Perceived Behavioural Control, Subjective Norms
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Jha, Yatindra Kumar. "Government Schemes and Its Implementation on Poverty Alleviation : A Special Study of U.P. Urban Areas in India." Think India 22, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8083.

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Urban poverty alleviation is the major thrust of development planning in India. However, poverty eradication is a daunting task as the problem is gradually increasing due to migration of rural poor people in urban centres. Urban poverty is a major challenge before the urban managers and administrators of the present time. Though the anti-poverty strategy comprising of a wide range of poverty alleviation and employment generating programmes has been implemented but results show that the situation is grim. Importantly, poverty in urban India gets exacerbated by substantial rate of population growth, high rate of migration from the rural areas and mushrooming of slum pockets. Migration alone accounts for about 40 per cent of the growth in urban population, converting the rural poverty into urban one. Moreover, poverty has become synonymous with slums. The relationship is bilateral i.e. slums also breed poverty. This vicious circle never ends. Most of the world’s poor reside in India and majority of the poor live in rural areas and about one-fourth urban population in India lives below poverty line. If we count those who are deprived of safe drinking water, adequate clothing, or shelter, the number is considerably higher. Moreover, the vulnerable groups such as Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, minorities, pavement dwellers etc., are living in acute poverty. Housing conditions in large cities and towns are depicting sub human lives of slum dwellers. With the reconstruction of poverty alleviation programmes in urban India, it is expected that social and economic benefits will percolate to the population below the poverty line. However, eradication of poverty and improving the quality of life of the poor remain one of the daunting tasks. Government of India has introduced numerous centrally sponsored schemes from time to time. Rajiv Awas Yojana, Rajiv Rin Yojana and National Urban Livelihood Mission are the new addition for poverty alleviation in urban area.
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30

BARRIENTOS, ARMANDO, and CLAUDIO SANTIBÁÑEZ. "New Forms of Social Assistance and the Evolution of Social Protection in Latin America." Journal of Latin American Studies 41, no. 1 (February 2009): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x08005099.

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AbstractThis article discusses the evolution of social protection in Latin America and proposes a conceptualisation and contextualisation of new forms of social assistance. It begins by outlining the main features of social protection prior to the ‘lost decade’ of the 1980s and the changes enforced by crises and structural adjustment. It then focuses on the new forms of social assistance emerging in the region, especially conditional and unconditional income transfers and integrated anti-poverty programmes. The article draws out their common features, identifies possible underlying conceptual frameworks, and places their introduction and evolution within the broader context of the new dynamics of poverty and vulnerability in the region.
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Matsaganis, Manos, Cathal O'Donoghue, Horacio Levy, Manuela Coromaldi, Magda Mercader-Prats, Carlos Farinha Rodrigues, Stefano Toso, and Panos Tsakloglou. "Reforming Family Transfers in Southern Europe: Is there a Role for Universal Child Benefits?" Social Policy and Society 5, no. 2 (April 2006): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746405002873.

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The drive to reduce child poverty is of particular interest in southern Europe, where public assistance to low-income families with children is often meagre or not available at all. The paper examines the effect of income transfers to families in Greece, Italy, Spain and Portugal using a benefit-tax model. The distributional impact of actual programmes is shown to be weak, hence the scope for reform great. As an illustration, the European benefit-tax model EUROMOD is used to simulate universal child benefits equivalent to those in Britain, Denmark and Sweden. The anti-poverty effect of such benefits is found to be in proportion to their fiscal cost.
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32

De Benedictis, Sara, Kim Allen, and Tracey Jensen. "Portraying Poverty: The Economics and Ethics of Factual Welfare Television." Cultural Sociology 11, no. 3 (July 13, 2017): 337–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749975517712132.

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Since 2013 there has been an explosion of a new genre of factual programming on British television that centres on the everyday lives of people claiming benefits. The emergence of Factual Welfare Television (FWT) has coincided with intensifying public and political debates about poverty and the British welfare state, and has proved a deeply controversial and contested genre. While programme-makers have argued that FWT fulfils a public service mandate to inform audiences, critics have accused producers of making inaccurate, provocative and unethical television. Sociological enquiries into FWT have focused on the representations within these programmes and audience reception, arguing that these contribute to hardening anti-welfare sentiment. This article presents a complementary and urgent line of enquiry into FWT, locating it squarely within the conditions of its production by including questions of cultural labour, diversity in the workforce, and increasing competition and deregulation within broadcasting. We argue that market logics governing broadcasting discipline cultural workers and contribute to the production of reductive and stigmatising representations of social class and poverty. In doing so, we offer new insights into relationships between television production, representation and – consequently – consumption.
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Subocz, Elżbieta. "Rola wczesnej edukacji i opieki w ograniczaniu skutków ubóstwa wśród dzieci." Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji 38, no. 3 (May 24, 2017): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/pwe.2017.38.02.

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This article attempts to answer the question: what role does the process of early childhood education and care play in reducing the effects of poverty among children? The main argument of the article states that education (started as early and lasting as long as possible) is the only chance to limit the negative consequences of poverty, as well as to overcome the intergenerational transmission of poverty and social exclusion. Relying on the results of foreign (mostly American) surveys, it has been proven that good quality early childhood education and care is beneficial for children living in poverty, as well as for society as a whole. It positively influences the social and emotional development of children, their language skills and school achievements. Children who benefited from institutions / programmes for early childhood education and care, in adulthood do better in the labour market, have higher earnings and are less likely to seek stimulants. Society bears lower costs of special education, anti-social behaviour, criminal proceedings, social welfare and health of young people and adults.
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34

Medrano, Anahely. "CCTs for Female Heads of Households and Market Citizenship at State-Level in Mexico." Social Policy and Society 15, no. 3 (May 27, 2016): 495–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746416000099.

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Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have become key anti-poverty reduction strategies in Latin America. There are different types of CCTs implemented at the national and subnational level in this region. This paper analyses the design of CCT programmes directed to assist female heads of households at the state level in Mexico. To do so, the study applies an analytical framework to make a comparative study of the key features of the design, looking specifically at the way the target population is constructed as welfare recipients and citizens. The results of this qualitative study suggest that, irrespective of the purposes of these social programmes, the design reflects certain values and normative beliefs related to the notion of market citizenship, which also seem to intersect with certain ideas about motherhood and the poor in Mexico.
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Tian, Tian, Stijn Speelman, and Ting Zuo. "From elite capture to marginalization of the poorest: a new social exclusion in anti-poverty programmes in China." Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies 17, no. 1 (September 20, 2018): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14765284.2018.1521594.

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36

Chant, Sylvia. "Exploring the “feminisation of poverty” in relation to women’s work and home-based enterprise in slums of the Global South." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 6, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 296–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-09-2012-0035.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore links between a revisionist view of the “feminisation of poverty” in developing countries and women’s work and home-based enterprise in urban slums. Design/methodology/approach – The paper’s discussion of the “feminisation of poverty” draws substantially from ethnographic field research conducted in The Gambia, The Philippines and Costa Rica. This research led the author to propose the notion of a “feminisation of responsibility and/or obligation”. The latter approach draws attention to issues such as gendered disparities of labour, time and resource inputs into household livelihoods, which are often most marked in male-headed units, and are not captured in conventional referents of the “feminisation of poverty”, which are rather narrowly confined to incomes and female household headship. Findings – An integral element of the author’s critique is that the main policy response to classic “feminisation of poverty” thinking, to date, has been to “feminise” anti-poverty initiatives such as Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) and microfinance programmes. Originality/value – The paper argues that the “feminisation of poverty” compounds the tensions women already face in terms of managing unpaid reproductive and/or “volunteer” work with their economic contributions to household livelihoods, and it is in the context of urban slums, where housing, service and infrastructure deficiencies pose considerable challenges to women’s dual burdens of productive and reproductive labour. The paper emphasizes that to more effectively address gender inequality while also alleviating poverty, policy interventions sensitive to women’s multiple, time-consuming responsibilities and obligations are paramount.
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37

Ismail, Zafar H., and Sehar Rizvi. "Governance, Decentralisation, and Poverty: The Case of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 39, no. 4II (December 1, 2000): 1013–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v39i4iipp.1013-1030.

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Human development and human rights share a common vision and purpose: to secure the freedom, well being and dignity of humanity. Human development is as essential for human rights as the latter is for the former. Historical evidence suggests that the more civilised societies were those that gave a higher priority to both, for example, the Greek, the Roman and the enlightened years of early Islam. The freedom from want is perhaps the one inalienable right of humanity which stands between dignity and indignity and which must be mitigated against by both state and individual.1 For the first time in history mankind adopted these and other human rights when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations in 1948. Today all but one of the six core covenants and conventions have been ratified by at least 140 countries and state sponsored anti-poverty programmes were initiated globally, most with the help of civil society [UNDP (2000)].
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38

Abdel Mohsin, Magda Ismail. "A Fresh View On Zakah As A Socio-Financial Tool To Promote Ethics, Eliminate Riba And Reduce Poverty." International Journal of Management and Applied Research 7, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18646/2056.71.20-004.

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Current statistical data shows that almost all Muslim countries are facing economic and social problems such as the spread of poverty, mounting outstanding external debt due to compound interest and widespread unethical behaviour. Some contemporary scholars relate these problems to the oppression and the crippling policies of former colonial administrations, while others point to the governmental incompetence and corruption that triggered the last Arab spring. However, this paper contends that although the above mentioned issues may have served as catalysts that led to the worsening of socio-economic situation in many countries, the main reason for the overwhelming problems plaguing Muslim countries is their neglect of many Islamic financial and socio-financial duties, including zakah (alms) which is conceived to spread ethical behaviour, eliminate riba (interest), empower the poor and needy and so reduce and may even end poverty. This study aims to demonstrate how zakah, as a socio-financial tool, can help promote sound standards of ethics, generate funds to counter external borrowing endorsed by anti-poverty programmes, empower the poor, and eradicate poverty in Muslim societies. This paper uses a secondary source based meta-analysis of books, articles, journals, annual reports, and websites, besides referring to the Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet (PBUH) whenever necessary. The findings show it is imperative that zakah to be recognised as an effective socio-financial tool to counter the ills currently plaguing Muslim societies. Adequately managed and distributed zakah can help to promote good ethics, overreliance on external borrowing, empower the poor and end their poverty hence, resulting in a just and a caring society.
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39

Gopalan, Aparna. "Rights-Politics and the Politics of Rights in Neoliberal India." Social Change 50, no. 2 (June 2020): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085720920238.

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In 1991, the Indian economy, was finally proclaimed liberalised from the control of the state; the market was now to be the sole engine of growth, development and poverty alleviation. But just over a decade later, a series of rights-based legislations––rights to food, work, information, education, and forests were seen as challenging the market’s dominance over an anti-poverty agenda and heralding the birth of India’s welfare state. These rights-based legislations have animated a growing field of social scientific inquiry which assesses the genesis and career of the different pro-poor laws that have passed since 2005. This paper reviews two recent contributions to that scholarship: Rob Jenkins and James Manor’s Politics and the Right to Work and Indrajit Roy’s Politics of the Poor, both of which are concerned with the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). After contextualising the two books within an emerging legal activism and providing an in-depth discussion of their key concepts, arguments and methods, attention is paid to each author's explanation of the contradictions between India’s neoliberal economy and welfare state. In conclusion, the strengths and limitations of prevailing approaches studying India’s poverty alleviation programmes are discussed and it is suggested that a theoretical cross-fertilisation with neoliberalism studies could further reinvigorate and give shape to this promising literature.
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40

Esho, Hideki. "Modinomics 1.0 and the Indian Economy." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 32, no. 1 (December 9, 2019): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0260107919875569.

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In this study, we recapitulate the economic policies/measures implemented by Narendra Modi in his first five-year term (2014–2019), referred to as ‘Modinomics’. It rests on two pillars, namely growth strategy and anti-poverty programmes, represented by the ‘Make in India’ and ‘JAM trinity’ initiatives, respectively. Further, we assess the economic performance achieved in his first term. Macro-economic indicators, such as economic growth and inflation rates, show satisfactory results; however, we do not find enough evidence of the main objective of ‘Make in India’ being fulfilled, which is ‘to make India a global hub of manufacturing, design, and innovation’. The continuation/aggravation of ‘jobless growth’ is concerning; thus, India should adapt export-oriented industrialization strategy to enhance the viability of ‘Make in India’ and create enough jobs opportunities. JEL: E24, E61, N15, N35, N65
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41

Matafwali, Muleba, and Kenny Makungu. "An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Communication Strategies for Achieving Millennium Development Goals in Zambia." Journal of Law and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 141–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.2.1.438.

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According to various reports by the UN and other organizations, Africa is facing big challenges in achieving the world's anti-poverty Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). This prompted a study by Muleba Matafwali (2010) which aimed at enhancing the understanding that communication plays a very critical role in the quest to attain development in Zambia. Key findings were that Twenty-Five point Five percent (25.5%) of the respondents indicated that television and radio documentaries were the most useful tool sources of information on MDGs for them. Forty-Three point Six percent (43.6%) indicated that community education on MDGs should be intensified. A total of 16.4% of respondents indicated that radio and television programmes should be prioritized in an effort to accelerate the achievement of MDGs. The findings also revealed that MDG experts and politicians make up 19.1% and 18.2% respectively of people who were good sources of information for them. A total of 126 people were sampled for the study. In the conclusion, the study noted that all key players in the MDG campaign were making significant efforts to reach the wider public with the MDG message. However there was need to accelerate these efforts in order to reach the wider population. The study recommended that MDG campaigners should use more inexpensive communication methods such as folk media alongside conversional means of communication such as radio.
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Enwereji, Prince Chukwuneme, and Dominique Uwizeyimana. "Municipal Consumer Debt in South African Municipalities: Contexts, Causes, and Realities." Research in World Economy 11, no. 3 (June 16, 2020): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n3p333.

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The payment for municipal services by the residents in South Africa has been a much-deliberated issue as consumer debts in many municipalities continue to intensify due to payment default or non-payment. The main aim of this study was to investigate the development of non-payment culture for municipal services, the main causes of non-payment for municipal services, and the measures to improve the payment culture for municipal services. This study adopted a mixed-methods research approach incorporating both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. A convergent parallel mixed methods design was adopted which enhanced the richness of data by triangulating the findings from quantitative and qualitative datasets. Data was collected from the residents using questionnaires and online interviews with executive municipal employees. Findings obtained from the study indicate that the non-payment culture for municipal services has its origin from the anti-apartheid struggle. Furthermore, it was disclosed that the reasons for non-payment for municipal services are compounded as poverty, unemployment, the culture of entitlement, dissatisfaction with service provision, corruption of municipal workers, rise in the cost of municipal services, communication gap issues, and problems associated with the municipal decision-making process. The study recommends that the municipalities should provide adequate services to the residents and adequately engage in a wide outreach to residents through various electronic media or IDP programmes to educate them on the advantages of paying for the services consumed.
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43

QIAN, Jiwei. "Anti-Poverty in China: Minimum Livelihood Guarantee Scheme." East Asian Policy 05, no. 04 (October 2013): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930513000366.

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“Di Bao” or Minimum Livelihood Guarantee Scheme is a national means-tested programme to provide cash transfers to the poor based on a locally set minimum income level. In 2011, the outlay of “Di Bao” reached RMB134 billion and more than 70 million people were covered. Issues to be addressed for the “Di Bao” programme include low financial coverage, fragmented management, mistargeting as well as incentive compatibility of the scheme.
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44

K, Nithya Kala, Vidya Kala K, and Poornima S. "Micro finance – an anti poverty vaccine for rural india." Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2011.11.

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Micro- finance interventions are well-recognized world over as an effective tool for poverty alleviation and improving soc ioeconomic status ofrural poor.In India too, micro- finance is making headway in its effort for reducing poverty and empowering rural women. The need of micro finance arises because the rural Indiarequires sources of finance for poverty alleviation, procurement of agricultural and farms Micro finance is a programme to support the poor rural people to pay its debt and maintain social and economic status in the villages. As we know that India is agriculturebased economy, micro finance may be a tool to empower the farmers and ruralpeoples to make agriculture profitable. This research paper is highlighting a picture rural India as a developing segment for micro finance institutions.
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45

Mandal, Kalyan Sankar. "Social Stratification and Benefit Distribution From an Anti-Poverty Programme in India." Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics 30, no. 4 (December 1, 1988): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.21648/arthavij/1988/v30/i4/116359.

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46

Davie, Georgina, Mark Wang, Sarah Rogers, and Jie Li. "Targeted Poverty Alleviation in China: A Typology of Official–Household Relations." Progress in Development Studies 21, no. 3 (July 2021): 244–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14649934211018911.

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‘Targeted Poverty Alleviation’ (TPA) is the Chinese government’s latest anti-poverty policy, aiming to lift the remaining 70 million Chinese citizens above the poverty line by 2020. The TPA scheme is novel in that every impoverished household is paired one-on-one with a local government official, who then bears responsibility for the eradication of their poverty. Despite being at the core of TPA, this pairing mechanism has received little academic attention. Based on an empirical case study of ten households across two villages in rural Shaanxi Province, China, this article aims to investigate this pairing mechanism at the micro level and its outcomes for poverty alleviation, in order to better understand how the notion of ‘precision’ is being realized through TPA. Two distinct traits that influence the TPA pairing system emerged: first, the ranking of the assigned local official is important in that higher-ranked officials have greater social and financial resources at their disposal, bringing about enhanced poverty alleviation outcomes for their households compared with lower-ranked officials. Secondly, the willingness and ability of impoverished households to actively participate in their poverty alleviation programme is beneficial within the TPA scheme, achieving better outcomes in the long-term compared with households who are passive receivers. TPA has the potential to work effectively and to achieve China’s poverty reduction goals; however, our analysis shows that some pairing mechanisms are more effective in achieving poverty alleviation goals than others.
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47

Asadullah, M. Niaz, and Jinnat Ara. "Evaluating the long-run impact of an innovative anti-poverty programme: evidence using household panel data." Applied Economics 48, no. 2 (August 6, 2015): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1073846.

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48

LARRAÑAGA, OSVALDO, DANTE CONTRERAS, and JAIME RUIZ-TAGLE. "Impact Evaluation of Chile Solidario: Lessons and Policy Recommendations." Journal of Latin American Studies 44, no. 2 (May 2012): 347–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x12000053.

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AbstractThis article evaluates the impact of the Chile Solidario anti-poverty programme. The evaluation is based on propensity score matching and a difference-in-difference estimator along with databases of Social Assistance Committee forms. The results show a positive but small impact on employment and housing along with a slightly negative impact on self-generated income. They also suggest that gains tend to be concentrated in the first phase, during which beneficiaries work with a family support professional, and that these benefits may not be sustainable. Participant families show absolute gains in income and employment, but these may be attributed to environmental conditions rather than the programme; this raises doubts about the premise that these families were initially marginalised from the economy and social networks.
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49

Kuhn, Lena, Stephan Brosig, and Linxiu Zhang. "The Brink of Poverty: Implementation of a Social Assistance Programme in Rural China." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 45, no. 1 (April 2016): 75–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261604500105.

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The Rural Minimum Living Standard is an important component of social security in rural areas of China, as it provides social assistance to poor rural households. The country's size and large development heterogeneities, however, make the policy's implementation a challenging task. Using quantitative and qualitative data from rural households and administrators in five provinces, we identify the pitfalls of multi-level implementation along with the difficulty of measuring income in rural, underdeveloped areas as key sources of an implementation gap that has led to a considerable degree of misallocation of monetary transfers. Changes in the budgeting process and the distribution method might improve the anti-poverty effect of social assistance without having to carry out additional monitoring.
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50

Macnicol, John. "Reconstructing the Underclass." Social Policy and Society 16, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746416000403.

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In late 2011, the Conservative and Liberal Democrat coalition government announced the launch of a new programme on ‘troubled families’ – a term used to describe the estimated 120,000 most behaviourally anti-social families in England and Wales. To many social scientists, this appeared to be yet another reconstruction of the broad ‘underclass’ concept that has run like a thread of analysis through UK poverty discourses over the last 150 years. The symbolic nature and coded meanings of this particular concept of poverty are very interesting, as is the way it has been reconstructed periodically. This paper summarises these reconstructions, and the analytical issues raised by them: the ‘residuum’ concept of the 1880–1914 period; the ‘social problem group’ of the inter-war years; the ‘problem family’ of the 1940s and 1950s; the ‘cycle of deprivation’ of the 1970s; and the ‘underclass’ of the 1980s and 1990s.
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