Academic literature on the topic 'Anti-Solvent Method'
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Journal articles on the topic "Anti-Solvent Method"
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Jin, Gang, Hai V. Ngo, Jing-Hao Cui, Jie Wang, Chulhun Park, and Beom-Jin Lee. "Role of Surfactant Micellization for Enhanced Dissolution of Poorly Water-Soluble Cilostazol Using Poloxamer 407-Based Solid Dispersion via the Anti-Solvent Method." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13050662.
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This study aimed to investigate the role of micellization of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in poloxamer 407 (POX)-based solid dispersions (POX-based SDs) using the anti-solvent method in enhancing the dissolution rate of practically water-insoluble cilostazol (CLT). Herein, SLS was incorporated into CLT-loaded SDs, at a weight ratio of 50:50:10 of CLT, POX, and SLS by three different methods: anti-solvent, fusion (60 °C), and solvent (ethanol) evaporation. The SDs containing micellar SLS in the anti-solvent method were superior in the transformation of the crystalline form of the drug into a partial amorphous state. It was notable that there was an existence of a hydrophobic interaction between the surfactant and the hydrophobic regions of polymer chain via non-covalent bonding and the adsorption of micellar SLS to the POX-based SDs matrix. Moreover, SLS micellization via the anti-solvent method was effectively interleaved in SDs and adhered by the dissolved CLT, which precluded drug particles from aggregation and recrystallization, resulting in improved SD wettability (lower contact angle) and reduced particle size and dissolution rate. In contrast, SDs without micellar SLS prepared by the solvent method exerted drug recrystallization and an increase of particle size, resulting in decreased dissolution. Incorporation of surfactant below or above critical micellar concentration (CMC) in SDs using the anti-solvent method should be considered in advance. Dissolution results showed that the pre-added incorporation of micellar SLS into POX-based SDs using the anti-solvent method could provide a way of a solubilization mechanism to enhance the dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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An, Ji-Hun, Alice Nguvoko Kiyonga, Eun Hee Lee, and Kiwon Jung. "Simple and Efficient Spherical Crystallization of Clopidogrel Bisulfate Form-I via Anti-Solvent Crystallization Method." Crystals 9, no. 1 (January 17, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9010053.
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Clopidogrel bisulfate (CLP) form-I crystals are irregular, rectangular-shaped crystals. Because of their poor compressibility, flowability and their strong surface tension, manufacturers apply spherical crystallization methods to produce CLP form-I spherical agglomerates with a uniform particle size distribution. Consequently, manufacturers primarily synthesize CLP form-I crystal salts utilizing very complex methods, which produces form-I spherical agglomerates by means of spherical crystallization. In this study, spherical crystals of CLP Form-I were directly prepared from CLP Form-II, the most stable polymorph at room temperature, by using ethanol as solvent and a mixture of isopropyl alcohol (IPA)/n-Hexane (Hex) as an anti-solvent. To provide systematic inputs for the development of spherical agglomerates of optimal morphology, size, particle size distribution (PSD), and polymorphic form, processing parameters such as anti-solvent type, a mixture of IPA/Hex, pure Hex, or pure acetone; stirring speeds of 500, 600, 700, or 800 rpm; and temperatures ranging from 25 to 40 °C were explored. The effects of these parameters on spherical crystallization and polymorphic form were studied in terms of supersaturation, a driving force for polymorphic transformation, and the crystallization solution. Notably, our method does not require a large volume of anti-solvent which is the main complication of conventional anti-solvent crystallization methods.
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Reza Pouretedal, Hamid, Sajjad Damiri, and Javad Moslemi. "Re‐Crystallization of HNS‐IV by Optimization of Solvent/Anti‐Solvent Method through Taguchi Analysis Design." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 45, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 1111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.201900370.
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Wang, Jiayuan, Lingyu Zhu, and Richard Lakerveld. "A Hybrid Framework for Simultaneous Process and Solvent Optimization of Continuous Anti-Solvent Crystallization with Distillation for Solvent Recycling." Processes 8, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8010063.
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Anti-solvent crystallization is frequently applied in pharmaceutical processes for the separation and purification of intermediate compounds and active ingredients. The selection of optimal solvent types is important to improve the economic performance and sustainability of the process, but is challenged by the discrete nature and large number of possible solvent combinations and the inherent relations between solvent selection and optimal process design. A computational framework is presented for the simultaneous solvent selection and optimization for a continuous process involving crystallization and distillation for recycling of the anti-solvent. The method is based on the perturbed-chain statistical associated fluid theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state to predict relevant thermodynamic properties of mixtures within the process. Alternative process configurations were represented by a superstructure. Due to the high nonlinearity of the thermodynamic models and rigorous models for distillation, the resulting mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem is difficult to solve by state-of-the-art solvers. Therefore, a continuous mapping method was adopted to relax the integer variables related to solvent selection, which makes the scale of the problem formulation independent of the number of solvents under consideration. Furthermore, a genetic algorithm was used to optimize the integer variables related to the superstructure. The hybrid stochastic and deterministic optimization framework converts the original MINLP problem into a nonlinear programming (NLP) problem, which is computationally more tractable. The successful application of the proposed method was demonstrated by a case study on the continuous anti-solvent crystallization of paracetamol.
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Shashidhar, G. M., G. V. Pravin, and B. Manohar. "Nano-engineering of liposomes using a supercritical CO2 mediated gas anti-solvent method." RSC Advances 6, no. 62 (2016): 57739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra09530e.
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Kakran, Mitali, Nanda Gopal Sahoo, Lin Li, and Zaher Judeh. "Fabrication of quercetin nanoparticles by anti-solvent precipitation method for enhanced dissolution." Powder Technology 223 (June 2012): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2011.08.021.
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Hao, Jiabin, Huiying Hao, Feiyu Cheng, Jianfeng Li, Haiyu Zhang, Jingjing Dong, Jie Xing, Hao Liu, and Jian Wu. "Improved performance of mesostructured perovskite solar cells via an anti-solvent method." Journal of Crystal Growth 491 (June 2018): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2018.03.030.
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Yang, Wang, Zhang, Chang, and Zhang. "A Facile Way to Improve the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells by Toluene and Diethyl Ether Mixed Anti-Solvent Engineering." Coatings 9, no. 11 (November 18, 2019): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9110766.
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Solvent engineering is one of the most widely applied preparation methods for the high- quality perovskite films. In this method, the choice of anti-solvent plays a very important role to improve the perovskite crystal quality. Here, we report a facile way to regulate the crystal quality of perovskite film by adjusting the ratio of toluene and diethyl ether in the mixed anti-solvent. Through the combination of characterization and measurements including scanning electron microscopy, the atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and the steady-state photoluminescence spectra, it reveals that the quality of perovskite films is obviously improved when the volume ratio of toluene to diethyl ether in the mixed anti-solvent is 1:1. The optimal device obtains power conversion efficiency of 16.96% with a short-circuit current density of 20.60 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 1.03 V, and a fill factor of 79.96%. At the same time, the device shows negligible current–voltage hysteresis and steady power output. Moreover, the stability of PSCs is significantly enhanced due to the perovskite film quality improvement by adopting 50% toluene mixed anti-solvent.
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Utami, Larasati Arum, and Dwi Hilda Putri. "The Effect of Ethanol Solvent Concentration on Antimicrobial Activities The Extract of Andalas Endophytic Bacteria (Morus Macroura Miq.) Fermentation Product." Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA 21, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/eksakta/vol21-iss1/210.
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Anti-Biotic resistance is a health problem globally. It is able to overcome with a new anti-microbial compound that can be produced from Andalas endophytic bacteria. This compound can be obtained through the fermentation process. In order to separate this active-compound, it is needed to use the extraction method. In this method, the solvent is functioned as the extractor. One of the solvent which is commonly used is ethanol. This research is aimed to know the effect of ethanol concentration toward antibacterial activity from extracted bacterial fermentation products of Andalas endophytic bacteria isolate JDT 1B. The fermented products are extracted by using the maceration method. The concentrations are 100%, 80%, 70%. A test of anti-microbial activity is used disk diffusion method. The extracted concentrations tested for each solvent are 50%, 25%, 12,5%, and 6.25%. Anti-bacterial activity is analyzed by using factorial design. The factorial result showed there is no significant contrast between ethanol concentration mentioned toward anti-bacterial activity from extracted bacterial fermentation products of Andalas endophytic bacteria Isolate JDT 1B. The concentration of extracted fermentation product using 70% ethanol has the same inhibition zone as control is 6,25%.
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ZHAO, Hong, Jiexin WANG, Haixia ZHANG, Zhigang SHEN, Jimmy Yun, and Jianfeng CHEN. "Facile Preparation of Danazol Nanoparticles by High-Gravity Anti-solvent Precipitation (HGAP) Method." Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 17, no. 2 (April 2009): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1004-9541(08)60210-4.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Anti-Solvent Method"
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Othman, Rahimah. "Production of functional pharmaceutical nano/micro-particles by solvent displacement method using advanced micro-engineered dispersion devices." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/22905.
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The rapid advancement of drug delivery systems (DDS) has raised the possibility of using functional engineered nano/micro-particles as drug carriers for the administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to the affected area. The major goals in designing these functional particles are to control the particle size, the surface properties and the pharmacologically active agents release in order to achieve the site-specification of the drug at the therapeutically optimal rate and dose regimen. Two different equipment (i.e. glass capillary microfluidic device and micro-engineered membrane dispersion cell) were utilised in this study for the formation of functional nano/micro-particles by antisolvent precipitation method. This method is based on micromixing/direct precipitation of two miscible liquids, which appear as a straightforward method, rapid and easy to perform, does not require high stirring rates, sonication, elevated temperatures, surfactants and Class 1 solvents can be avoided. Theoretical selection of a good solvent and physicochemical interaction between solvent-water-polymer with the aid of Bagley s two-dimensional graph were successfully elucidated the nature of anti-solvent precipitation method for the formation of desired properties of functional pharmaceutical nano/micro-engineered particles. For the glass capillary microfluidic experiment, the organic phase (a mixture of polymer and tetrahydrofuran/acetone) was injected through the inner glass capillary with a tapered cross section culminated in a narrow orifice. The size of nanoparticles was precisely controlled by controlling phase flow rates, orifice size and flow configuration (two- phase co-flow or counter-current flow focusing). The locations at which the nanoparticles would form were determined by using the solubility criteria of the polymer and the concentration profiles found by numerical modelling. This valuable results appeared as the first computational and experimental study dealing with the formation of polylactide (PLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation in a co-flow glass capillary device. The optimum formulations and parameters interactions involved in the preparation of paracetamol encapsulated nanoparticles (PCM-PCL NPs) using a co-flow microfluidic device was successfully simulated using a 25-full factorial design for five different parameters (i.e. PCL concentration, orifice size, flow rate ratios, surfactant concentration and paracetamol amount) with encapsulation efficiency and drug loading percentage as the responses. PCM-loaded composite NPs composed of a biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) polymer matrix filled with organically modified montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticles were also successfully formulated by antisolvent nanoprecipitation in a microfluidic co-flow glass capillary device. The incorporation of MMT in the polymer matrix improved the drug encapsulation efficiency and drug loading, and extended the rate of drug release in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4). The encapsulation of MMT and PCM in the NPs were well verified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). PCL drug-carrier nanoparticles were also produced by rapid membrane micromixing combined with nanoprecipitation in a stirred cell employing novel membrane dispersion. The size of the NPs was precisely controlled by changing the aqueous-to-organic volumetric ratio, stirring rate, transmembrane flux, the polymer content in the organic phase, membrane type and pore morphologies. The particle size decreased by increasing the stirring rate and the aqueous-to-organic volumetric ratio, and by decreasing the polymer concentration in the aqueous phase and the transmembrane flux. The existence of the shear stress peak within a transitional radius and a rapid decline of the shear stress away from the membrane surface were revealed by numerical modelling. Further investigation on the PCL nanoparticles loaded immunosuppressive rapamycin (RAPA) drug were successfully synthesised by anti-solvent nanoprecipitation method using stainless steel (SS) ringed micro-engineered membrane. Less than 10 μm size of monohydrate piroxicam (PRX) micro-crystals also was successfully formed with the application of anti-solvent precipitation method combined with membrane dispersion cell that has been utilised in the formation of functional engineered nanoparticles. This study is believed to be a new insight into the development of integrated membrane crystallisation system.
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Sarvari, Hojjatollah. "FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRID PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ece_etds/123.
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Solar energy as the most abundant source of energy is clean, non-pollutant, and completely renewable, which provides energy security, independence, and reliability. Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) revolutionized the photovoltaics field not only by showing high efficiency of above 22% in just a few years but also by providing cheap and facile fabrication methods.
In this dissertation, fabrication of PSCs in both ambient air conditions and environmentally controlled N2-filled glove-box are studied. Several characterization methods such as SEM, XRD, EDS, Profilometry, four-point probe measurement, EQE, and current-voltage measurements were employed to examine the quality of thin films and the performance of the PSCs. A few issues with the use of equipment for the fabrication of thin films are addressed, and the solutions are provided.
It is suggested to fabricate PSCs in ambient air conditions entirely, to reduce the production cost. So, in this part, the preparation of the solutions, the fabrication of thin films, and the storage of materials were performed in ambient air conditions regardless of their humidity sensitivity. Thus, for the first part, the fabrication of PSCs in ambient air conditions with relative humidity above ~36% with and without moisture sensitive material, i.e., Li-TFSI are provided. Perovskite materials including MAPbI3 and mixed cation MAyFA(1-y)PbIxBr(1-x) compositions are investigated. Many solution-process parameters such as the spin-coating speed for deposition of the hole transporting layer (HTL), preparation of the HTL solution, impact of air and light on the HTL conductivity, and the effect of repetitive measurement of PSCs are investigated. The results show that the higher spin speed of PbI2 is critical for high-quality PbI2 film formation. The author also found that exposure of samples to air and light are both crucial for fabrication of solar cells with larger current density and better fill factor. The aging characteristics of the PSCs in air and vacuum environments are also investigated. Each performance parameter of air-stored samples shows a drastic change compared with that of the vacuum-stored samples, and both moisture and oxygen in air are found to influence the PSCs performances. These results are essential towards the fabrication of low-cost, high-efficiency PSCs in ambient air conditions.
In the second part, the research is focused on the fabrication of high-efficiency PSCs using the glove-box. Both single-step and two-step spin-coating methods with perovskite precursors such as MAyFA(1-y)PbIxBr(1-x) and Cesium-doped mixed cation perovskite with a final formula of Cs0.07MA0.1581FA0.7719Pb1I2.49Br0.51 were considered. The effect of several materials and process parameters on the performance of PSCs are investigated. A new solution which consists of titanium dioxide (TiO2), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and anhydrous ethanol is introduced and optimized for fabrication of quick, pinhole-free, and efficient hole-blocking layer using the spin-coating method. Highly reproducible PSCs with an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.4% are fabricated using this solution by spin-coating method compared to the conventional solution utilizing both spin-coating with an average PCE of 10.6% and spray pyrolysis with an average PCE of 13.78%. Moreover, a thin layer of silver is introduced as an interlayer between the HTL and the back contact. Interestingly, it improved the current density and, finally the PCEs of devices by improving the adhesion of the back electrode onto the organic HTL and increasing the light reflection in the PSC. Finally, a highly reproducible fabrication procedure for cesium-doped PSCs using the anti-solvent method with an average PCE of 16.5%, and a maximum PCE of ~17.5% is provided.
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Liu, Chun-Hung, and 劉俊鴻. "Micronization of Allopurinol and Dapsone by Using Supercritical Anti-solvent Method." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64245356178912309817.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
化學工程學研究所
100
In order to enhance the dissolution rate and bioavailability in human beings, this study focused on the micronization of poor water soluble pharmaceuticals by using supercritical antisolvent method (SAS). The target pharmaceuticals used in this research are Allopurinol and Dapsone. Allopurinol is an oral drug for gout treatment and Dapsone is an oral durg for leprosy. Both two drugs have poor water solubility and low dissolution rate. Therefore, the purpose of this study is trying to make these two drugs micronized and enhance their dissolution rate. In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide was used as antisolvent. Different experimental results were obtained by different effect parameters, including solvent, operation temperature, pressure, solution flow rate, nozzle diameter and solution concentration. About the micronization of Allopurinol, it could be successfully micronized from 8.9 μm to 0.8 μm at the optimal operating conditions. About the micronization of Dapsone, it could also be successfully micronized from 40.9 μm to 2.2 μm at the optimal operating conditions. From the DSC result we can find another crystalline form after SAS processed. After the micronization process, the processed and unprocessed pharmaceuticals were tested by using a dissolution tester. The results of dissolution rate test, both the processed drugs have higher dissolution rate than the original drugs.
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Wu, Chih Chung, and 吳至中. "Precipitation of PCL Microparticles Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Anti-solvent Method." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90078402715896991563.
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碩士長庚大學
化工與材料工程研究所
97
Because the biomedical industry is developing fast and the gradually raised awareness on environmental protection, the application of biodegradable material is increasingly important. Polycaprolactone(PCL) can be used for surgical suture, drug-coating and biodegradable plastic bags. Micron and even nano-particles of PCL can be used for direct drug coating and also contribute to the follow-up medical applications. However, preparation by traditional way easily lead to wide particle size distribution and organic solvents residual. Here, PCL particles precipitated by the supercritical fluid anti-solvent method was studied. This process produce nano particle size distribution PCL particles, solvent recycles and shows no organic solvent residuals. So it is very appropriate to use in biomaterials. The effect of the solution concentrations, the operating temperature and the operating pressure, the time to build pressure and solvents . Selections on the PCL particle properties were studied in 1800 psi, 303 K, 0.01 wt%, using ethyl acetate as the solvent, fast pressure building time (8 seconds) and under agitation, PCL particles with the particle size smaller than 5μm were obtained.
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Shen, Siou Hong, and 沈修弘. "Precipitatin of Clotrimazole Microparticles by Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Anti-solvent Method." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74594284661459584460.
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碩士長庚大學
化工與材料工程學系
101
In this study, micronization of pharmaceuticals, Clotrimazole has been successfully performed by the Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) method. The parameters such as temperature, pressure, solution concentration, agitation speed, carbon dioxide flow rate and pressure release rate were discussed in order to find the optimal operating condition for micronization. The physicochemical properties of the original materials and the SAS processed samples were analyzed with SEM, TGA, XRD and HPLC, respectively. According to the experimental results, at the solution concentration of 0.01 wt%, the temperature of 30 ℃ and pressure of 2600 psi, with the agitation speed of 900 rpm, and the carbon dioxide flow rate of 1 L/min, we can obtain ideal Clotrimazole micronization and enhance Clotrimazole dissolution rate about 2.25 times.
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Yu, Wen-Lin, and 游文霖. "Micronization and Amorphization of Lapatinib and Nitrofurantoin Using Supercritical Anti-solvent Method." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00183530496084847530.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
化學工程學研究所
99
This study is focus on the micronization and amorphization of poorly water soluble pharmaceuticals using supercritical anti-solvent method to enhance the dissolution rate and bioavailability in human. The target pharmaceuticals used in this research include lapatinib ditosylate and nitrofurantoin. Lapatinib ditosylate is an orally active drug for breast cancer and nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic which is usually used in treating urinary tract infection. Both the drugs has poor water solubility and hence the low dissolution rate and low bioavailability in human. Therefore, the object of this study is to assess the possibility of micronization and amorphization of these two target drugs. The supercritical carbon dioxide was employed as the anti-solvent in this study. The effects of six process parameters were compared and discussed, including solvent, operation temperature, pressure, solution concentration, solution flow rate and nozzle diameter. About the micronization of lapatinib ditosylate, it could be successfully micronized from original 11.87 μm to 0.32 μm at the optimal operating conditions. From the results of XRD, the micronized lapatinib ditosylate was almost become amorphous since there were no characteristic peak in the XRD patterns. About the micronization of nitrofurantoin, it could also be successfully micronized from original 202 μm to 2.93 μm at the optimal operating conditions. And from the result of XRD, the micronized nitrofurantoin had lower crystallinity compared with the original drug since several characteristic peaks were weakended or disappeared in the XRD patterns. After the micronization process, the processed and unprocessed pharmaceuticals were tested using a dissolution tester. From the results of dissolution rate test, both the processed lapatinib ditosylate and nitrofurantoin has higher dissolution rate than the original drug.
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Deng, Yu-Ting, and 鄧育庭. "Precipitation of PMMA Microparticles by Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Anti-solvent Method." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83864393168563022315.
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碩士長庚大學
化工與材料工程研究所
94
Promote Taiwan's color imaging industry to become the world's largest supplier of TFT displays that is an important issue in economical development. Liquid Crystal Displayer(LCD) is one important item in this industries. Diffuser is one of important component in LCD. In general, the Diffuser is made by one thin film and coating one layer of Polymethyl Methacrylate(PMMA) particle on two sides to let light scattering uniform. The price of PMMA particle for diffuser is higher tenfold than that of PMMA for usual use. The PMMA particle for LCD diffuser is specified on 5-30μm. In this study, we investegate the use of supercritical CO2 as anti-solvent in PMMA/THF(tetrahydrofuran) solution system to manufacture PMMA particle. In order to determine the pressure－volume expansion－temperature behavior of the tetrahydrofuran/supercritical CO2, the modified Peng-Robison equation of state was used. A novel experimental apparatus, which is involving, view window and stirrer has been used to carry out the study. The PMMA powder can be obtained by controlling the operation factors such as pressure, temperature, concentration, pressurized rate, pressure release rate, etc. Learnt by the experimental result, we can obtain the PMMA microparticles with diameter 1-23μm by Supercritical Anti-solvent Method under 2000psi, 323K, 0.1wt%, and shorter time for evaluated pressure will help to produce the small particle.
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王詩涵. "Precipitation of PLGA Microparticles by Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Anti-solvent Method." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52587903805418752763.
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碩士長庚大學
化工與材料工程研究所
92
Control release has been the key point in the medical development. The shell material plays an important role in releasing. Also, a uniform particle size will cause a durative release rate. However, during producing the particles, toxic organic solvent, like chloroform et al., was used, which will hurt the human health and environment, so does the residual solvents. The aim of our research is to produce the PLGA particles, which are the shell materials of drugs by supercritical anti-solvent method. Then find out the relationship between parameter and result obtained by Supercritical Anti-solvent (SAS) operation. The result of SEM shows the best operating condition is under 293K, 1500 psi and the concentration is 0.005 g/ml. And TGA results show there were not residuals. Furthermore, the glass transition temperature drops and the particles crystalized after processing, approved by XRD and DSC. Keywords: Supercritical Anti-solvent, PLGA micro-particle, Carbon Dioxide
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Chang, Chiung-Yun, and 張瓊云. "Micronization of D-isoascorbic Acid, Propyl Gallate and Curcumin by Supercritical Anti-solvent Method." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38833450601943491329.
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碩士臺灣大學
化學工程學研究所
98
In this study, micronization of antioxidant, including D-isoascorbic acid, propyl gallate, and natural colorant curcumin has been successfully performed by using the Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) method. The aim of this research was to increase the antioxidant activity of antioxidant after the SAS process. The parameters such as temperature, pressure, solution flow rate, solution concentration and nozzle diameter were discussed in order to find the optimal operating condition for micronization. For D-isoascorbic acid, the optimal result was obtained under the following conditions: solvent = acetone, T = 35 ℃, P = 100 bar, solution flow rate = 1mL/min, concentration = 5 mg/mL, nozzle diameter = 200 μm. The mean particle size was decreased from 101 μm to 3.30 μm. In the antioxidant activity test, the antiradical efficiency was increased about 1.64 times. In the second part, for propyl gallate, the optimal result was obtained under the following conditions: solvent = acetone, T = 35 ℃, P = 140 bar, solution flow rate = 1mL/min, concentration = 30 mg/mL, nozzle diameter = 100 μm. The mean particle size was decreased from 531.13 μm to 7.70 μm. In the antioxidant activity test, the antiradical efficiency was increased about 1.93 times. For curcumin, the optimal result was obtained under the following conditions: solvent = ethyl acetate, T = 35 ℃, P = 100 bar, solution flow rate = 5 mL/min, concentration = 12 mg/mL, nozzle diameter = 200 μm. The mean particle size was decreased from 17.74 μm to 2.78 μm. When changing the concentration to 10 mg/mL and fixing other parameters, the spherical particles could be obtained.
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Hung, Wei En, and 洪偉恩. "Precipitation of Penicillin G Potassium Salt Microparticles by Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Anti-solvent Method." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36775188413378595132.
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碩士長庚大學
化工與材料工程學系
99
The penicillin G potassium is a kind of antibiotic which is raised by the mold. The penicillin G potassium which has the widespread application is playing an important role in the medicine and it is a very great prescription to the humans. However, there are so may kinds of traditional method prepare powders. But the above-mentioned easy to cause powders distribute not quite uniform, the products may remain organic solvent. Now we use the supercritical fluid Anti-solvent Method to prepare particles which are becoming uniform, without residual of organic solvent and the solvent can be recycled, It is a new development of green technology. Therefore, we investigate the penicillin G potassium powder prepared by supercritical fluid Anti-solvent Method without organic solvent in order to achieve goals of energy conservation and the environmental protection . In this study, we investigate that after the penicillin G potassium dissolve the methanol, in the supercritical carbon dioxide environment Let the supercritical carbon dioxide carry out the methanol, for controlling the operation factors such as concentration of solution, operating Temperature, operating pressure and the time of building pressure. In the experimental result, we can obtain the penicillin G potassium microparticles with 2~5μm by Supercritical Anti-solvent Method under 1500psi、303k、0.01wt％, using methanol as the solvent, fast pressure building time(3seconds) and under agitation.
Book chapters on the topic "Anti-Solvent Method"
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Takiyama, Hiroshi. "Anti-solvent Crystallization Method for Production of Desired Crystalline Particles." In Advances in Organic Crystal Chemistry, 53–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5085-0_3.
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Taber, Douglass F. "Reactions of Alkenes." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0030.
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Fung-E Hong of the National Chung Hsing University devised (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2011, 353, 1491) a protocol for the oxidative cleavage of an alkene 1 (or an alkyne) to the carboxylic acid 2. Patrick H. Dussault of the University of Nebraska found (Synthesis 2011, 3475) that Na triacetoxyborohydride reduced the methoxy hydroperoxide from the ozonolysis of 3 to the aldehyde 4. Reductive amination of 4 can be effected in the same pot with the same reagent. Philippe Renaud of the University of Bern used (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 5913) air to promote the free radical reduction to 6 of the intermediate from the hydroboration of 5. Robert H. Grubbs of Caltech showed (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 6429) that the phosphonium tetrafluoroborate 8 prepared by hydrophosphonation of 7 could be used directly in a subsequent Wittig reaction. Dominique Agustin of the Université de Toulouse epoxidized (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2011, 353, 2910) the alkene 9 to 10 without solvent other than the commercial aqueous t-butyl hydroperoxide. Justin M. Notestein of Northwestern University effected (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 18684) cis dihydroxylation of 9 to 11 using 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide. Chi-Ming Che of the University of Hong Kong devised (Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 10963) a protocol for the anti-Markownikov oxidation of an alkene 12 to the aldehyde 13. Aziridines such as 14 are readily prepared from alkenes. Jeremy B. Morgan of the University of North Carolina Wilmington uncovered (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 5444) a catalyst that rearranged 14 to the protected amino alcohol 15. A monosubstituted alkene 16 is particularly reactive both with free radicals and with coordinately unsaturated metal centers. A variety of transformations of monosubstituted alkenes have been reported. Nobuharu Iwasawa of the Tokyo Institute of Technology employed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 12980) a Pd pincer complex to catalyze the oxidative monoborylation of 16 to give 17. The 1,1-bis boryl derivatives could also be prepared. Professor Renaud effected (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 13890) radical addition to 16 leading to the terminal azide 18.
Conference papers on the topic "Anti-Solvent Method"
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Herman, A. G., and H. Bult. "RED BLOOD CELL LYSIS MAY INFLUENCE PLATELET AGGREGATION IN WHOLE BLOOD AGGREGOMETER." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644552.
Full textAbstract:
The electronic whole blood aggregometer (WBA) has the advantage that it enables the study of platelet aggregation in whole blood shortly after blood collection. Using the WBA varying results have been obtained with respect to the anti-aggregating activity of dipyridamole. As dipyridamole is an efficient inhibitor of adenosine uptake, we tested whether the degree of red blood cell lysis (and thus availability of adenine nucleotides) affected its efficacy. Citrate (10.7 mM) blood was stored in sealed tubes and used between 20 and 100 min after venipuncture. One ml was placed in a Chronolog Model 540 WBA together with 10 μl 0.9 % NaCl, dipyridamole (final conc. 3, 10 or 30 μM) or its solvent (final conc. 0.03, 0.1 or 0.3 %). After reaching a stable baseline and WBA calibration, aggregation was induced by injection of 10 μM ADP dissolved in 10 μl 0.9 % NaCl (one channel) or 10 μl distilled water (other channel). Maximum impedance increase in 10 min was measured, red blood cells were removed by centrifugation, and from microhematocrit and absorbance at 416 nm the volume of lysed packed red blood cells was estimated. ADP caused aggregation (12.9 ± 1.9 and 11.1 ± 0.8, Ohm) and there was red blood cell lysis (2.8 ± 0.5 and 0.8 ± 0.2 μl red blood cells, ADP resp. in H20 and 0.9 % NaCF, n = 6). Dipyridamole (30 μM) suppressed aggregation when compared with solvent, but only when ADP was given in H20 (reduction resp. 4.4 ± 1.4 and 1.9 ± 1.6 ohm). Moreover, there was a negative correlation between the degree of haemolysis and the aggregation response at 10 as well as 30 μM dipyridamole. This reduced aggregation with increasing haemolysis was not observed in the presence of the corresponding solvent concentrations. The red blood cell lysis was proportional to the plasma ATP (luciferine-luciferase method) concentration as an index of adenine nucleotide leakage. In conclusion, a certain degree of haemolysis caused by stirring and injection with a microsyringe is inherent to the WBA, but use of hypotonic vehicles should be avoided. Release of red blood cell constituents may affect platelet aggregation as such, or interfere with the activity of adenosine uptake inhibitors and possibly other drugs. It may help to explain some of the variable results obtained with dipyridamole.