Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Antiangiogénique'
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Dubrac, Alexandre. "Analyse fonctionnelle et structurale du facteur antiangiogénique pf4v1." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13751/document.
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Hamma, Kourbali Yamina. "Activités antitumorale, antiangiogénique, et anti métastatique d'un dérivé du dextrane (cmdb7) : mécanismes d'action." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA132006.
Full textJouanneau, Emmanuel. "Du concept biologique à la thérapeutique : approche antiangiogénique et immunologique dans deux modèles expérimentaux de tumeurs neurologiques." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10167.
Full textDutour, Aurélie. "Application d'une stratégie de thérapie génique antiangiogénique non virale sur un modèle d'ostéosarcome orthotopique chez le rat immunocompétent." Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/024ad7de-e6b1-4b07-b5f3-5fdef5f86a95/blobholder:0/2003LIMO310C.pdf.
Full textPéré, Hélène. "Nouvelles approches thérapeutiques d'inhibition des lymphocytes T régulateurs reposant sur l'utilisation d'un antiangiogénique ou d'un antagoniste de CCR4." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T044.
Full textNatural anti-tumor immune response is inhibited by different immunosuppresive mechanisms such as intratumor regulatory T cell recruitment which inhibits anti-tumor CD8+ T cell responses and inhibit LTreg. I analysed two novel molecules which inhibit LTreg: a CCR4 antagonist and an antiangiogenic molecule, Sunitinib. The CCR4 antagonist inhibits LTreg activity and is able to induce CD8+ T cells responses against various selfantigens when it was combined with vaccination. Sunitinib induces significannt LTreg diminution which is correlated with overall survival of patients with metastasic renal carcinoma treated by antiangiogenic therapy. The measurement of LTreg may have a predictive value on antiangiogenic clinical response. These two molecules may endogenous antitumor response and synergize with immunotherapy protocols
Asselin, de Beauville-Paturel Carine. "Analyse de l'activité antitumorale de l'interleukine-12 : rôle dans la régulation de la réponse cytotoxique t et effet antiangiogénique." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T005.
Full textMorand, Karine. "Evaluation de l'activité anticancéreuse et antiangiogénique in vitro de copolymères solubles composés d'acide methacrylique et de styrène sulfonate de sodium." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA132040.
Full textThe Laboratoire de Biomatériaux et Polymères de Spécialité has developped soluble copolymers composed of methacrylic acid and sodium styrene sulfonate. These copolymers have antiangiogenic and antitumor activities in vitro. They inhibit cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix mediated by integrins. We have shown this activity on a breast cancer cell line and on primary cultured endothelial cells. The lack of adhesion prevents the recruitment of actin cytoskeleton and induces the inhibition of cell proliferation. Cell migration ans differentiation are also inhibited and the density of microtubules decreased. The efficacy of copolymers depends o their composition and on cell type. The copolymer composed of 30% methacrylic acid and of 70% sodium styrene sulfonate seems to be the most efficient. The copolymers induce anoïkis in endothelial cells without any toxicity. These new copolymers are an interesting strategy in antiangiogenic therapies. We continue to study them to better know their mechanism of action and to evaluate their in vivo efficiency
Perino, Sandrine. "Les potentialités offertes par la vectorisation d'un agent antiangiogénique, le thalidomide et d'agents anti-cancéreux, le chlorambucil et la doxorubicine." Avignon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AVIG0215.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscrit deals with the preparation of new amphiphilic vectors endowed with thalidomide, chlorambucil or doxorubicin moities. The first chapter reminds the last disasters of thalidomide and relates the potentialities of the vectorization of this drug by telomers derived from Tham (Trishydroxymethyl) acrylamidomethane for the inhibition of angiogenesis. In this field differents derivates of thalidomide were prepared and the macromolecular prodrugs obtained were tested in vivo. The second chapter deals with the potentialities of the introduction of glucosidic units on telomeric carriers for the targeting of cancerous cells. The last chapter describes the synthesis and biological evaluations of molecular amphiphilic/ and telomeric carriers endowed with chlorambucil or doxorubicin
Di, Benedetto Mélanie. "Activités antiproliférative et antiangiogénique des dérivés du dextrane en association avec le phénylacétate de sodium et interactions avec le VEGF." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA132013.
Full textSebbah, Louriki Malika. "Mise au point d'un nouveau modèle d'angiogenèse in vitro et étude des effets antitumoral, antiangiogénique et proapoptotique du phenylacetate-bisphosphonate." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA132021.
Full textBazelaire, Cédric de. "Méthodes d'analyse de la microcirculation tumorale en IRM." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112038.
Full textAngiogenesis plays a key role in tumor growth. New approaches to treat cancer by interfering with angiogenesis stimulating factors are now available. However, clinicians need new surrogates of antiangiogenic activity. Tumor size changes occure 2 or 3 month after the beginning of the treatment, which is to late. Functional analysis of tracer kinetic in tissue in MRI may be an attractive alternative. Antiangiogenic activity of a VEGF receptor inhibitor, was evaluated by tumor blood flow, assessed by arterial spin labeling (ASL) with background suppression. Preliminary results reveal a significant correlation (Spearman r = 0. 90, p =. 0002) between the change in blood flow at 1 month and change in tumor size measured at 4 months or the time of disease progression. A capillary permeability assessment in dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) was optimized using a dual gradient echo sequence. This dual sequence was sensitive to high concentration thanks to T2* weighted images and to low concentrations with T1 weighted slices. The use of this sequence leads to reduce by 58% the permeability measurements. The development of a new technique to assess to relaxation time in the body within a single breath hold may improve perfusion and permeability measurements. Real relaxation time can be used for quantification instead of theoretical values, reducing systematic error. ASL and DCE have promise as early predictors of clinical response to antiangiogenic therapies and may help to identify non-responding patients
Carrère, Nicolas. "Thérapie génique expérimentale du cancer du pancréas par transfert in vivo du gène du récepteur de somatostatine sst2 : caractérisation de l'effet bystander antitumoral." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/136/.
Full textPancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and devastating human malignancies. The present study was conducted to determine whether in vivo sst2 gene transfer into human pancreatic tumors would impair tumor progression, and to characterize sst2 antitumoral bystander mechanisms. Sst2 administration using the synthetic vector PEI, strongly inhibited tumor progression of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma, in vivo. Sst2 gene transfer induced intratumoral production of its ligand somatostatin. Disruption of this autocrine loop by RNA interference completely reversed sst2 antitumoral activity. Microvessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were markedly reduced in sst2-transfected tumors, whereas sst3 somatostatin receptor was upregulated. Depleting somatostatin by RNA interference completely abolished the sst2 inhibitory effect on VEGF expression and tumor angiogenesis, and sst2-induced sst3 expression in peripheral tumor vessels. We conclude that in vivo sst2 gene transfer elicited intratumoral somatostatin production and strongly impaired human pancreatic tumor growth. NK cells were not involved in this antitumoral bystander effect. VEGF and tumor vascularization were identified as novel targets for sst2-mediated antitumoral bystander effect. Sst1, sst3, and sst5 somatostatin receptors were upregulated in sst2-transfected tumors. Furthermore, sst2 gene re-expression can sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. Thus, in vivo gene delivery of sst2 receptor to target the angiogenic process in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma might be a new therapeutic approach for treatment of pancreatic cancer in patients with unresectable disease
Santin, Mathieu. "Destruction et cavitation inertielle des agents de contraste ultrasonore : modélisation, expériences et applications." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066223.
Full textTouil, Yasmine. "Pharmacologie et métabolisme de la fisétine, un flavonoïde à visée antiangiogénique tumorale. Optimisation de l'effet antitumoral de la fisétine chez la souris par association avec le cyclophosphamide et encapsulation liposomale en vue d'améliorer sa biodisponibilité." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P626.
Full textTumor vasculature has become an attractive target forcancer therapy. Among 24 flavonoids, we show that fisetin, the most active compound of our series, can induce a rapid morphological modification of endothelial cells which is correlated with an increase in microtubule stability. Fisetin can significantly slow the Lewis lung tumor growth. When combined with low doses of cyclophosphamide, fisetin lead to a synergistic antitumoral action (92%) through an antiangiogenic mechanism of action. We have also identified a new metabolite of fisetin, geraldol which displayed cytotoxic activity against tumor cells in vitro. A liposomal preparation was developed. Blood concentrations of liposomal fisetin were increased compared to concentration of the free fisetin formulation. Collectively, our results have allowed the identification of new antiangiogenic antitumor agents in the flavonoid family
Papagiannaki, Chrysanthi. "Effet des antiangiogéniques sur les malformations artério-veineuses cérébrales." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0065.
Full textBrain arteriovenous malformations are dynamic, evolving vascular lesions. They present high morbidity rates due to hemorrhagic presentation that is the most frequent symptom at onset and potentially high mortality rates .Up to date imaging techniques has greatly facilitated the diagnosis of these lesions and the better understanding of their relation to adjacent brain tissue. However, it remains still a challenge to define their four dimensional nature and its consequences, a fact that can actually optimize their treatment. Embolization, surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery that are currently used in the treatment of AVMs carry also significant morbi-mortality risks. For this reason, a potential minimally invasive treatment with antiangiogenic agents was tested. A swine model was firstly created using the animal’s rete mirabile and performing an endovascular occlusion of one common and external carotid artery. This simplified model presented evidence of angiogenesis and histologic findings that are also observed in human AVMs compared to a control group. Secondly, Bevacizumab that is a monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor, was in situ administered on this model. The results showed that the antiangiogenic agent tampered angiogenesis on histologic samples by stabilizing the wall thickness of the arteries but it did not have any effect on volume that is probably depending on flow and not only on angiogenesis
Boiteau, Jean Guy. "Synthèse de nouveaux composés antiangiogéniques analogues de la fumagilline." Mulhouse, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MULH0659.
Full textOurouda, Roger. "Etude des propriétés antiangiogéniques des ségétalines et des calixarènes." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIED008.
Full textSegetalins are cyclohexapeptides extracted from the grains of vaccaria segetalis. They are organic molecules that belong to the group of phytoestrogens with structural and functional homology to estrogens, some of which have antiangiogenic effects. Calixarenes are complex molecules comprising of iron ions that are implicated in the activation of angiogenesis through hypoxia. Certain calixarenes also have antiangiogenic effects. In this study, we were interested in the antiangiogenic properties of segetalins SA, S1 and calixarenics PR0095 and PR0094 on endothelial cells and mammary adenocarcinoma cells, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. Two in vitro approaches were used in this study. The first was to test the direct antiangiogenic activity of these molecules, and the second was to measure the indirect antiangiogenic activity of these molecules through targeting VEGFA, a growth factor secreted by cancer cells, implicated in the activation of angiogenesis. Our results have shown that the segetalins SA and S1 do not have a direct effect on cell proliferation. However, S1 was shown to block the formation of capillary tubes and the migration of endothelial cells. In contrast to SA and S1, calixarenes directly inhibit cell proliferation and display cell toxicity, while segetalins were shown to produce indirect antiangiogenic effects, through their activity on VEGFA. In vivo studies confirmed that these molecules produce antiangiogenic effects, which is of great therapeutic interest, due to its potential application for the treatment of cancer
Berdugo, Polak Marianne. "Stratégies antiangiogéniques oculaires innovantes : application à des modèles animaux d'angiogénèse oculaire." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05N10S.
Full textAlivon, Maureen. "Pharmacologie des antiangiogéniques : effet sur les propriétés élastiques des grosses artères." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P609/document.
Full textAntiangiogenic drugs (AAD) are a relatively new class of anti-cancer therapy indicated in an increasing number of advanced solid tumors. By inhibiting the VEGF pathway, upstream with an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, bévacizumab, and downstream with tyrosine kinase inhibitors of receptors involved in this signaling pathway (sorafenib and sunitinib), AAD induce arterial hypertension which is the most common side effect. The principal objective of my thesis is to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of hypertension induced by AAD, by determining the effect of AAD on large arteries. The second objective is to determine early marker of efficacy and optimization of AAD, by the use of therapeutic drug monitoring. To fulfill those objectives, we set up a clinical prospective, observational, single center study in which we followed the time-course of several arterial parameters after AAD by the use of non-invasive techniques in patients with metastatic solid tumors. In a first work we showed that brachial and central blood pressure, arterial stiffness and carotid diameter significantly increased after AAD, partly independently of blood pressure changes. We also showed that high reflection waves and low aortic stiffness at baseline (i.e. before AAD initiation) predicted early systolic blood pressure (SBP) increase (regression coefficients: 0.37[0.04; 0.70] and -1.27[-2.43; -0.11], P<0.05 respectively) while only low aortic stiffness predicted SBP increase after chronic AAD exposure (-2.46 [-4.02 ; -0.90], P<0.01). Large arteries damage under AAD is positively associated with cancer progression. Indeed, early increase of aortic and carotid stiffness after AAD were associated with a higher risk of cancer progression (HR: 1.24 [1.01; 1.51], P=0.042 and 1.34 [1.03; 1.73], P=0.027 respectively). In a second part, using a pharmacokinetic model of population, we showed that large arteries damage observed after AAD was partly due to a pharmacological effect of AAD on large arteries independently of blood pressure increase. Arterial stiffness increase was proportional to AAD blood concentration and blood pressure increase (standardized correlation coefficients: 0.37 and 0.35, P<0.01, respectively), explaining 13% and 11% of the variance respectively. We also showed that progression and mortality related to cancer were lower in patients high AAD blood concentrations (HR: 0.60 [0.38; 0.97], P=0.035 and HR=0.38 [0.19; 0.79], P=0.01 respectively). And finally, we determined a target AAD blood concentration which will allow the clinicians to have an objective to reach in order to optimize the efficacy of AAD. In conclusion, we were able to demonstrate the existence of large arteries damage translated by large arteries stiffening and a remodeling of carotid artery after AAD. This arterial damage is directly related to a pharmacological effect of AAD independently of blood pressure changes induced by these treatments. We showed that infringement of the arterial wall and the therapeutic drug monitoring predicted tumor prognosis. Thus, the monitoring of arterial properties monitoring and the therapeutic drug monitoring might optimize the chances of efficiency of AAD
Albrecht, Sébastien Jean Christophe. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation d'inhibiteurs de l'Aminopeptidase membranaire N ([EC. 3. 4. 11. 2], APN ou CD13) : une cible innovante en oncologie." Mulhouse, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MULH0839.
Full textWithin the framework of the research on angiogenesis inhibitors, we are interested in a particular metalloprotease, neutral aminopeptidase or APN. We focused on 3-amino-2-tetralone, a selective but unstable in aqueous solution APN inhibitor. Several analogues were synthesized to enhance stability and affinity for APN. In this aim, modifications of the carbonyl group of 3-amino-2-tetralone by non-enolizable zinc-chelating functions were studied, then modifications of the cyclic size were examined and led to 3-amino-2-benzosuberone, our new lead. In order to improve affinity for APN, we imagined -fluorination and -alkylation of ketone, as well as substitutions on aromatic core with introduction of halogens and/or aryl groups. We also obtained stable, potent and selective APN inhibitors
Abou, faycal Chérine. "Le sVEGFR1 : quel rôle dans la réponse aux thérapies antiangiogéniques dans les carcinomes pulmonaires squameux ?" Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV022/document.
Full textVascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors are regulators of physiological and pathological angiogenesis. In patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC), clinical trials evaluating anti-angiogenic therapies (AAG) have failed to identify strong benefits. Rather, these patients are at higher risk of bleeding complications when exposed to Bevacizumab (BVZ), a humanized monoclonal anti-VEGF-A antibody. The soluble VEGF receptor-1, namely sVEGFR1, is a truncated version of the cell membrane-spanning VEGFR1 that only retains the first six N-terminal Ig-like extracellular motifs of VEGFR1 owing to alternative splicing of its pre-mRNA. As a consequence, sVEGFR1 is mainly viewed as an anti-angiogenic factor that counteracts VEGF-A functions on endothelial cells. Moreover, high levels of sVEGFR1 were correlated with bad prognosis and bad response to therapies in many cancer types. Using various SCC cell lines, we showed that Bevacizumab as well as VEGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (Semaxanib, KI8751) increase the intra- and extra-cellular levels of sVEGFR1. We confirmed this up-regulation in NCTU-induced SCC murine tumorgrafts models treated with VEGFR-TKI (sunitinib) or anti-VEGFR2 (DC101). Of note, this effect was never observed in the lung adenocarcinoma histological sub-type (ADC), using either cell lines or a mouse model treated in the same conditions. At the molecular level, we identified the VEGF165 and SOX2 proteins as crucial upstream regulators of sVEGFR1 in response to AAG. Moreover, we unraveled an original and SOX2 proteins as crucial upstream regulators of sVEGFR1 in response to AAG. Moreover, we unraveled an original ines or a mouse model treato discriminate between AAG-sensitive or -resistant SCC cells. Finally, in a series of 77 Non Small Cell Lung Carcinoma, we provided the first description of a differential pattern of sVEGFR1 expression with 11% and 44% of SCC exhibiting no or high expression respectively, high levels of sVEGFR1 being correlated with advanced pTNM stages. As a whole, our results provide the first evidence that AAG therapies upregulate sVEGFR1 expression in SCC cells. In addition, our data highlight an unexpected pro-tumoral function of sVEGFR1 through the activation of a beta 1 integrin-dependent VEGFR autocrine loop. These results might help to understand why SCC are less responsive to anti-angiogenic drugs than ADC and to identify SCC patients eligible to these therapies
Pourroy, Bertrand. "La dynamique microtubulaire : un élément clef dans les propriétés antitumorales et antiangiogéniques de la Vinflunine." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX22952.
Full textGodard, Virginie. "Nouveaux marqueurs des glioblastomes : valeur pronostique, profil d’expression, implication dans la vascularisation et la résistance aux antiangiogéniques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14982/document.
Full textAngiogenesis is a major element driving malignancy of tumors like glioblastoma (GBM). However, Avastin,a neutralizing antibody directed against VEGF, provides only a limited therapeutical benefit in terms ofprogression free survival. The mechanisms of recurrence are complex due to extreme heterogeneity ofglioblastoma at the genetic and tissular levels. There is a lack of diagnosis and prognosis markers for GBM.The relative contribution of the angiogenic, infiltrative, and stem potentials to tumor relapse is difficult tomodel. Our laboratory aims at characterizing new modulators of tumor vascularization, some of whichcould contribute to the tumor growth and resistance, independently or downstream VEGF in patientstreated with Avastin. We have studied the expression of two candidate genes, significantly overexpressedin GBM and which expression seems to be linked to tumor vascularization: DPY19L1 and KIF20A. Weidentified DPY19L1 as a prognosis marker of GBM. This gene is expressed in smooth muscle cellsspecifically in tumoral tissue, where it could participate to tumor resistance to anti-angiogenics, byinteracting with the thrombospondin/TGFβ pathway. KIF20A is expressed in glioma stem cells and seemsto be implicated in the vascularization and tumor resistance. Next, we have studied the way by whichGBM resist to anti-angiogenics such as Avastin, by the development of an in vitro and in vivo modelsystem, based on GBM cells cultured as neurospheres. When xenografted in immunodeficient mice, thesecells induce the growth of very invasive, co-optive tumors which are insensitive to angiogenesis inhibitors.These tumors will allow investigating alternative modes of vascularization which are actively involved intumor recurrence in patients treated with Avastin, namely co-option and transdifferentiation and theirmolecular regulation. In this model, one of the candidate genes defined at the beginning of this study,DPY19L1, seems to be implied in tumor growth and specifically labels tumor cells with co-optive andtransdifferenciating properties
Poncet, Gilles. "Étude de la progression tumorale dans les tumeurs endocrines digestives : intérêt des modèles animaux de xénogreffe." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10195.
Full textDigestive endocrine tumors are a rare and heterogeneous group of human tumors, and this is a major limitation for their study. In addition, many aspects of tumoral evolution, including molecular and cellular determinants are poorly understood at the present time. The aim of our experimental approach was to develop an animal model of digestive endocrine tumor, using heterotopic xenografts, reproducing all the different steps of tumoral progression: local invasion and metastatic dissemination. In particular, this model was used for the study of angiogenesis during the natural history of this specific kind of highly vascularized tumors. Recalling its human counterpart, our model is of great relevance for the identification of new diagnostic or prognostic markers, together with the development of new therapeutic approaches
Payen, de la Garanderie Thomas. "Quantification et contrôle du ciblage d'agents de contraste ultrasonore pour l'imagerie de l'effet thérapeutique in vivo." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066647.
Full textThe objective of this research was to develop and validate techniques for dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) for targeted monitoring of antiangiogenic therapy. The first part of the work implemented protocols to obtain a more robust evaluation of the tumor vascularization with DCE-US. Methods were validated for the quantification of the echo-power based on compressed video images such as those widely provided by clinical ultrasound systems. A controlled injection system was demonstrated to significantly reduce variability of DCE-US bolus-injection parameter assessments in mice. Finally, the sensitivity of these parameters to calibrated modifications in vitro of the microbubble concentration, injected volume, flow rate and flow-channel diameter were investigated. The microvascular function and VEGFR2 expression were then characterized in two different murine tumor models to demonstrate the sensitivity of the DCE-US techniques to heterogeneity and modifications during tumor development. The model presenting most marked expression of VEGFR2 was retained to test feasibility of discrimination between therapeutic response directly suppressing VEGFR2 and response with microvascular modifications but no direct VEGFR2 suppression. Sensitive analysis required local assessment of VEGFR2 marking in regions of the tumor with detectable contrast enhancement and provided early (4 days of therapy) discrimination of the anti-VEGFR2 response. Elimination of sources of measurement variability and evaluation of targeted-marking within the context of the heterogeneous microvascular network are essential in obtaining sensitive evaluation of therapeutic response in vivo
Varet, Julia. "Etude physiopathologique de l’angiogenèse et de sa régulation pharmacologique en pathologies vasculaire et cancéreuse." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES002.
Full textThe aim of my study was about physio-pathological angiogenesis and its pharmacological regulation by chemicals drugs or by gene therapy. Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. It is a physiological process tightly regulated, which occurs for example during healing. However, angiogenesis is also critically involved in several pathologies, such as cancer. Indeed, angiogenesis is implicated in tumor growth as well as dissemination of metastases. In addition, angiogenesis is also involved in atherosclerotic plaque development and weakening, responsible for acute vascular ischemic events. The first part of my work was a study of the effects of two pharmacological drugs on angiogenesis. Fenofibrate is a drug currently used in atherosclerotic patients to reduce triglycerides levels. Its clinical benefits seem to be higher than those expected for its activity on lipid mefer genes coding for anti-angiogenic molecules : tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase type-2 (TIMP-2) and angiostatin. We have also tested a new strategy to inhibit the aggressiveness of cancerous cells and tumoral angiogenesis, using RNA interference, to specifically inhibit GTPases RhoA and RhoC, involved in cellular proliferation and invasivity. This study shows the interest to use SiRNA in therapy in vivo and the importance of the specificity in the inhibition of a therapeutic target. This is a fundamental and physiopathologic work on angiogenesis and its pharmacological regulation, in classical therapeutic and in gene therapy, particularly in vascular and cancerous pathologies
Langer, Ingrid. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés antiangiogéniques de la suramine et de deux analogues :le noir eriochrome T et le S18699." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211831.
Full textThai, Hoai Thu. "Développement de modèles mécanistiques et évaluation de l'incertitude des paramètres par bootstrap : application aux médicaments anti-angiogéniques." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077025.
Full textAngiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculator, is particularly mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a therapeutic target of new anti-angiogenic drugs such as aflibercept (Zaltrap®). Because of the binding to VEGF, the pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of this new drug become more complex. In this thesis, we have studied the mechanism of action of aflibercept by building population PK/PD models. We firstly developed the joint PK model of free and bound aflibercept in healthy subjects. We then applied this model to data in cancer patients, assessed the influence of physiopathologie factors on their PK and evaluated the choice of therapeutic dose by simulation. A PD model characterizing the effect of aflibercept on tumor growth was then built for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. We also studied by simulation the contribution of bootstrap approach in nonlinear mixed-effects models (NLMEM) in estimating uncertainty of parameters. We have shown that the bootstraps only provide better estimates of uncertainty in NLMEM with high nonlinearity compared to the asymptotic method. The case bootstrap performs as well as the nonparametric bootstrap of both random effects and residuals. However, they may face practical problems, e. G skewed distributions in parameter estimates and unbalanced designs where stratification may be insufficient
Ignat, Dana Mihaela. "Characterisation of hepatocellular carcinoma development in a TIF1 alphaL2/L2/CRE-ALB mutant mouse model by in-vivo imaging techniques and its application for pharmacological testing." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6087.
Full textHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a very poor prognostic cancer resistant to conventional chemotherapy. There is therefore an urgent need for new treatment options and small animal models are the only available means of testing them. The recent discovery that mice lacking TIF1alpha gene spontaneously develop liver tumors, lead us to adapt this HCC model for pharmacological testing. Two original methods of diagnosis and on-line follow up were described: microcomputed tomography scanning (microCT scan) and fiberoptic confocal fluorescence microscopy (FCFM). An appropriate protocol of FenestraTM contrast agent use in mice was described : LC 10 µl/g ip. 6 h before imaging and VC 10 µl/g iv. 30 min before imaging. Together with description of various aspects of liver tumors in microCT scan imaging, this allowed HCC diagnosis with 87% sensitivity and 77% specificity. FCFM imaging employed with a fluorescent marker (ProSenseTM 2 nmol/mouse) allowed for the first time the minimally invasive, real-time, in vivo histological diagnosis of HCC, with 100% sensitivity and 90% specificity. The TIF1 alpha mouse model was subsequently subjected to pharmacological testing with a new antiangiogenic agent. The treated mice survived 2 months longer than the control group. However, using the newly described technique of monitoring, an acceleration of tumor growth was noted in the treatment group after starting treatment. This highlights the benefit of this new approach in providing valuable supplementary information. Minute modifications in molecular profile of treated livers suggested a possible secondary effect of the new compound
Carcinomul hepatocelular (CHC) constituie cea de-a treia cauză de deces prin cancer din lume, cu o supravieţuire la 5 ani mai mică de 7%, datorită rezistenţei importante la chimio şi radioterapia convenţională. Astfel, stabilirea de modele animale de CHC este necesară pentru înţelegerea mecanismelor hepatocarcinogenezei şi pentru validarea în fază preclinică a noilor terapii. Este cazul descoperirii recente a fenomenului de hepatocarcinogeneză spontană în urma invalidării genetice a factorului de transcripţie TIF1alpha la şoarecele de laborator. Optimizarea acestui model s-a realizat prin practicarea unei hepatectomii parţiale, care a dus la apariţia mai precoce a tumorilor hepatice. Pe parcursul acestei teze de doctorat, am pus la punct două metode inovante de diagnostic si monitoraj în timp real al dezvoltării tumorilor hepatice la animalul de laborator: microcomputer tomografia de înaltă rezoluţie (microCT) şi microscopia confocală de fluorescenţă prin fibră optică (FCFM). Pentru a depaşi toxicitatea produselor de contrast specifice microCT-ului, am pus la punct un protocol de injectare adaptat pentru şoarecele de laborator (FenestraTM LC 10 µl/g ip. 4-8 h înaintea microCT şi FenestraTM VC 10 µl/g iv. 15-30 mn înaintea microCT). Aceasta mi-a permis descrierea diverselor aspecte ale CHC în imageria prin microCT şi realizarea diagnosticului de CHC cu o sensibilitate şi o specificitate satisfăcătoare (86,7% şi, respectiv, 76,9%). Utilizarea FCFM împreună cu un marker fluorescent specific celulelor tumorale (ProSenseTM), mi-a permis descrierea pentru prima oară a aspectelor histologice ale CHC in-vivo şi în timp real, de manieră minim invazivă. FCFM permite diagnosticul diferenţial între ficatul normal şi diversele tipuri histologice de CHC, cu o bună sensibilitate şi specificitate (100% şi respectiv 90,5%). In fine, am aplicat aceată metodă pentru testarea unui nou compus anti-angiogenic. Eficacitatea acestui produs a fost evaluată prin studiul duratei de supravieţuire, comparată cu rata de creştere tumorală evaluată prin microCT, şi prin analiza modificărilor la nivel molecular. Astfel am putut demonstra, că, în pofida unei ameliorări a supravieţuirii cu două luni, există o accelerare temporară a vitezei de creştere tumorală la începutul tratamentului, şi de asemenea, modificări minime la nivel de transcriptom. Aceste rezultate paradoxale sugerează existenţa de efecte secundare grave ale tratamentului testat
Bozec, Alexandre. "Apport préclinique aux thérapeutiques moléculaires ciblées dans les carcinomes épidermoïdes des voies aérodigestives supérieures." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX20664.
Full textBonesi, Marco. "Sintesi e attività biologica di nuovi flavonoidi con attività antitumotale, antiangiogenica e antiipertensiva." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05P601.
Full textTwo series of compounds have been synthesized: on the one hand chalcones which are analogues of combretastatin A4 and their corresponding 3,5-diphenyl-1-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1-H-pyrazole derivatives and on the other hand isoflavones. The biological activities of both series were investigated: cell growth inhibition activity against the MCF-7 and the LNCaP cancer cell lines, inhibition of tubulin polymerization (ITP) and inhibition of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE). Structure-activity relationships for each series of compounds were discussed. While several chalcones exhibited interesting cytotoxic activity correlated with good ITP activity, the corresponding pyrazole derivatives were less potent with an activity almost exclusively directed against LNCaP cell line. Several tested compounds exhibited in vitro ACE inhibitory activity suggesting a potential therapeutic role as ACE inhibitors
Pemha, René. "Synthèse asymétrique d'alkylglycérols insaturés diversement substitués et d'analogues de sphingolipides." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S109.
Full textTwelve new potentially anticancerous lipidic compounds belonging to the family of alkylglycerols have been synthesized a stereo- and enantiocontrolled manner starting from ricinoleic acid, oleic acid, stearolic acid and from 4-penten-1-ol. Four of these compounds were tested in vitro for inhibition of angiogenesis (one of the mechanisms which is implied in the tumoral growth), and one appeared to be a good inhibitor (70% at 12 μM). Sphingolipids form a family of biomolecules which are involved in diverse cellular processes such as growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Their small or large scale preparation is not often easy. In this context, we have developed a new efficient synthetic process which enabled to afford analogues of well defined stereochemistry
Fournier, Pierrick. "Étude des propriétés anti-tumorales et anti-angiogéniques des bisphosphonates." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10096.
Full textTacelli, Nunzia. "Perfusion tumorale en TDM thoracique dynamique : application à l’évaluation de la néoangiogénèse des cancers broncho-pulmonaires non à petites cellules." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL2S017.
Full textRecent advances in molecular biology have dramatically accelerated our understanding of tumoral lesions and triggered development of novel targeted therapies. Among them, antiangiogenic drugs represent a promising strategy for non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). These agents are more cytostatic rather than cytotoxic, explaining the limitations of tumor response assessment based on morphological criteria, such as the RECIST criteria (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors). The purpose of this thesis was to investigate tumoral perfusion using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) CT, a novel technology enabling whole-tumor analysis with 64 slices per rotation. Our first study validated the pathological substratum of quantitative CT information on tumoral blood volume (BV) and capillary permeability (CP) in 15 NSCLC treated by surgery. Confident interpretation of CT data sets then allowed us to investigate changes in tumoral neovascularisation of NSCLC under chemotherapy. DEC-CT showed significant reduction in BV and CP of tumors treated by standard chemotherapy combined with antiangiogenic drugs (bevacizumab) (Group 1; n=17), not observed in tumors treated by standard chemotherapy alone (Group 2; n=23). In Group 1, the reduction in BV after one cycle of chemotherapy was significantly higher in responders than in non-responders (p=0.0128), response to treatment being only defined after 3 cycles of chemotherapy. DCE-CT can depict early changes in lung cancer vascularity, before tumour shrinkage, that may help predict response to antiangiogenic drugs
Aknin, Karen. "Conception et synthèse de composés anti-angiogéniques par inhibition de la thymidine phosphorylase, enzyme surexprimée dans les tumeurs solides." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P617.
Full textThymidine phosphorylase (TPase) that is over-expressed in many solid tumors, was shown to induce the expression of pro-angiogenic factors including VEGF, MMP-1 and IL-8. Consequently, this enzyme appears to be a novel cancer drug target for controlling tumor-dependent angiogenesis. The objective of this thesis was the design, the synthesis and biological evaluation of TPase inhibitors. We chose to maintain the pyrimidinedione nucleus of the natural substrate and to optimize interactions with the hydrophobic pockets of the active site using a hexagonal aromatic nitrogenous heterocycle that can be protonated at physiological pH in order to generate a zwitterion, mimicking the transition state during the enzymatic reaction. In the three novel inhibitor series, syntheses of the tricyclic moieties have been realized by three-component one-pot reactions involving commercially available starting materials. A notable advantage is tolerance for structural diversity. Prelimininary biological tests (TPase inhibition, cytotoxicities on HUVEC and tumor cells) bring to light the activity of five novel inhibitors. These results are consistent with molecular modelling studies
Snegaroff, Katia. "Synthèse de l'apicularène A par une stratégie Chiron." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13060.
Full textLe, Joncour Vadim. "Étude du remodelage tumoral associé aux effets du peptide vasoactif urotensine II sur la néoangiogenèse et la croissance des glioblastomes." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUENR01.
Full textCreoff, Estelle. "CD9P-1 et angiogénèse tumorale : étude des propriétés anti-angiogéniques de peptides dérivés du CD9P-1." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES018.
Full textCorroyer-Dulmont, Aurélien. "Intérêt de l'imagerie multimodale (IRM et TEP) dans la caractérisation et dans l'évaluation précoce de la réponse aux traitements anti-angiogénique et chimiothérapeutique des glioblastomes : une étude préclinique." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN3145.
Full textTreatment efficacy in glioblastoma is still limited with a median survival of patients above 15 months. It is now well admitted that glioblastoma are composed of several compartments (tumor cells, vascularization and hypoxic microenvironment) which participate in tumor growth and response to treatments. The therapeutic management of patients in function of these biologicals parameters is highly desirable. However, an important interpatient and also intrapatient heterogeneity is observed and multimodal imaging (MRI and PET) could be an interesting tool in their characterization. In the first part of this thesis we have shown that PET imaging by [18F]-FMISO in combination with MRI enables the characterization of the oxygen level and the vascularization in two human glioblastoma models. In a second part, we have shown that [18F]-FLT-PET imaging and to a lesser extent oedema volume and CBV can characterize earlier the efficacy of a chemotherapy (Temozolomide) associated or not to an anti-angiogenic treatment (Bevacizumab) in first line or in recurrent tumors. This work that fits well with the area of a personalized medicine reinforces the interest of multimodal imaging for glioblastoma for characterization of the tumor before treatment as well as for a real-time monitoring of treatment efficacy
Goldwirt, Lauriane. "Rôle des médicaments antiangiogéniques et de l’expression des transporteurs d’efflux de la barrière hémato-encéphalique dans la modulation du passage intracérébral et intratumoral des médicaments utilisés dans le traitement du glioblastome." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114820.
Full textGlioblastomas are the most common brain tumors occurring in France with an incidence of 4 new cases per year per 100 000 population (2400/year). The gold standard pharmacological treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma relies on temozolomide administration (75 mg/m2/d) concomitant to radiotherapy, followed by six cycles consolidation. However, despite this treatment, the median survival is only 15 months and relapse occurs within 3 to 9 months. New therapeutic approaches are needed. Among them, other chemotherapies (irinotecan) and inhibition of angiogenesis were explored. Angiogenesis is a critical process in GBM progression. Inhibition of angiogenesis, inducing a reduction of the blood vessels, reduces supply of nutrients and oxygen to the tumor. The effectiveness of GBM treatment is subjected to intra-brain diffusion through the blood-brain barrier. The objective of this study was firstly to study the impact of efflux transporter ABCB1 brain expression on temozolomide (TMZ) and irinotecan (CPT-11) brain distribution, and secondly, to assess the role of bevacizumab (BVZ)(angiogenesis inhibitor) in the modulation of TMZ and CPT-11 brain and tumor distribution. Using a comparative pharmacokinetic study in CF1 mdr1a (+/+) and CF1 mdr1a (-/-) mice, we demonstrated an active efflux of TMZ, CPT-11 and its active metabolite SN-38 from the brain to the plasma involving ABCB1. We also demonstrated in vivo that TMZ accumulates in brain tumor and BVZ pretreatment increased TMZ tumor distribution. However no effect of BVZ on CPT-11 brain or tumor distribution was evidenced. Therefore BVZ would appear to be an interesting way to increase TMZ tumor distribution. The same objective was pursued through a different approach using ultrasound unfocused to open the BBB (Carthera collaboration)
Guilmain, William. "Rôle du CD9P-1 dans l'angiogénèse tumorale : activité anti-angiogénique d'une forme tronquée de CD9P-1, la GS-168AT2." Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUES046.
Full textAnstett, Anne. "Approach of combined cancer gene therapy and radiation : Response of promoters to ionizing radiation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/ANSTETT_Anne_2005.pdf.
Full textGene therapy is an emerging cancer treatment modality. We are interested in developing a radiation-inducible gene therapy system to sensitize the tumor vasculature to the effects of ionizing radiation (IR) treatment. An expression system based on irradiation-inducible promoters will drive the expression of anti-tumor genes in the tumor vasculature. Solid tumors are dependent on angiogenesis, a process in which new blood vessels are formed from the pre-existing vasculature. Vascular endothelial cells are untransformed and genetically stable, thus avoiding the problem of resistance to the treatments. Vascular endothelial cells may therefore represent a suitable target for this therapeutic gene therapy strategy. The identification of IR-inducible promoters native to endothelial cells was performed by gene expression profiling using cDNA microarray technology. We describe the genes modified by clinically relevant doses of IR. The extension to high doses aimed at studying the effects of total radiation delivery to the tumor. The radio-inducibility of the genes selected for promoter study was confirmed by RT-PCR. Analysis of the activity of promoters in response to IR was also assessed in a reporter plasmid. We found that authentic promoters cloned onto a plasmid are not suitable for cancer gene therapy due to their low induction after IR. In contrast, synthetic promoters containing repeated sequence-specific binding sites for IR-activated transcription factors such as NF-κB are potential candidates for gene therapy. The activity of five tandemly repeated TGGGGACTTTCCGC elements for NF-κB binding in a luciferase reporter was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, the response to fractionated low doses was improved in comparison to the total single dose. Thus, we put present evidence that a synthetic promoter for NF-κB specific binding may have application in the radio-therapeutic treatment of cancer
Eddi, Dauphou. "Evaluation préclinique d'une stratégie anti-angiogenique sur la croissance des glioblastomes : effet d'une surexpression de l'angiopoïetine 2." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2055.
Full textThe anti-angiogenic therapy could be efficient against Glioblastoma (GBM), characterized by a strong vascularisation and aggressiveness. The current strategies mainly block the biological effect of VEGF. We sought to optimize this strategy by associating it with a surexpression of Ang2, an angiogenic factor, which, in absence of VEGF, induces a vascular regression. We thus showed, on an orthotopic model of GBM in the rat, that an application of Ang2 is as effective as a treatment blocking the VEGF signalling pathway (Sunitinib). Indeed, a chronic expression of Ang2 in tumor cells led to a significant reduction of tumor volume (80%) and to an increase in animal survival (70%). On the other hand, a combined treatment (Sunitinib and Ang2) is no more efficient than each treatment. By using immunohistology and several MRI methods, we also showed that Ang2-derived vascular effects depend on its concentration: a destabilizing effect is observed with a weak concentration of Ang2, but a strong concentration of Ang2 leads to a morphological vascular remodelling, hemodynamic modifications and a blockade of the anti-vascular effects of Sunitinib treatment. Our results suggest that a vascular strategy targeting the remodelling of the tumor pre-existing vessels is as effective as a strategy targeting neovessels. This study also shows the interest of MRI, which, thanks to its multimodalities, allows a longitudinal follow-up of the vascularisation in relation with tumor growth, necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of novel anti-angiogenic therapeutics
Laklai, Hanane. "Mécanismes anti-angiogéniques du récepteur de la somatostatine SST2, dans le cancer du pancréas : implication de la thrombospondine-1 et du TGF-beta." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU30093.
Full textSomatostatin receptor sst2 behaves as a tumor suppressor when expressed and stimulated by its ligand somatostatin in pancreatic cancer cells. Re-introducing sst2 into the human pancreatic cancer cells results in a decrease of tumor progression and angiogenesis. However, the intracellular mechanisms responsible for sst2-dependent inhibition of tumor angiogenesis are unknown. We first showed that sst2 up-regulates the expression of the secreted angio-inhibitory factor thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in pancreatic cancer cells. The chick chorioallantoic membrane was used as an experimental in vivo model to demonstrate that TSP-1 is a critical effector of sst2 inhibitory role on neoangiogenesis and oncogenesis induced by pancreatic cancer cells. TSP-1 inhibited tumor cell-induced neoangiogenesis by inducing endothelial cell apoptosis and by directly sequestering the proangiogenic factor VEGF, and subsequently inactivating its angiogenic action on endothelial cells. Using human pancreatic tissue-microarrays, we have shown An up-regulation of both sst2 and TSP-1 tumor suppressors in precancerous lesions which may function as an early negative feedback to restrain pancreatic carcinogenesis. As an alternative mechanism underlying sst2 angio-inhibitory activity, we also showed that this receptor decreases the activation of the pro-angiogenic factor TGF-beta1 secreted by BxPC-3 cells. Sst2 blocks TGF-ß1 activation by down-regulating the expression of the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a protease which cleaves and activates the secreted latent form of TGF-beta1 in an active form
Meffray, Emmanuelle. "Facteurs anti-angiogéniques et maladies rénales." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=906b4446-caad-4b87-9b9e-69ad6e732e63.
Full textSoluble Flt1 is an anti-angiogenic factor, secreted by endothelial cells, monocytes and placenta, which impairs the effects of VEGF on endothelium survival and repair. It results from an alternative splicing of VEGFR1 transcript and from cleavage of the membrane-bound form of VEGFR1, and is involved in several renal diseases. Notably, it is involved in chronic diseases: it contributes to endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease, and is a marker of cardiovascular risks. Our team also demonstrated a correlation between sFlt1 and delayed graft function on the one side and renal vascular injuries in acute ANCA-associated vasculitis on the other side. In this context, this study aimed to assess the impact of dialysis, the long-term treatment of end-stage renal disease, on sFlt1 secretion, and on the mechanisms responsible for this secretion. We also intented to clarify the causes of renal injuries in systemic dysfunctions such as vasculitides. We enlightened a fast and large increase in sFlt1 secretion during dialysis, and we clarified the influence of dialysis methods and heparin use. Then, in vitro studies allowed us to dismiss several hypothesis of the processes at work in this increase. In conclusion, this study gives an insight into the regulatory mechanisms of the angiogenic balance involved in renal diseases
Vieillard, Marie-Hélène. "Effet de l'acide zolédronique sur la vascularisation osseuse superficielle." Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL2S008.
Full textBisphosphonates are potent anti-osteoclastic agents. Indeed, the recent description of extra bone effects of bisphosphonates but also adverse effects so called osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) during bisphosphonate treatment would involve a vascular effect of these molecules. The aim of this work was to study the influence of zoledronic acid on bone vascularization. We used an original intra-vital animal model to study superficial bone vascularization. An optical chamber surgically implanted on the calvaria of rats allowed longitudinal tracking of bone vascularization by image analysis techniques. We initially searched the effect in the short term (five days) of high doses of zoledronic acid (400 μg / kg) on bone vascularization. The vascular density of the network, its total length and the average diameter of the vessels were studied. The results showed in the test group a significant decrease between D0 and D5 of the vascular density, of the total network length and diameter of small vessels (5-10 μm). We observed significant decrease between the two groups in the total network length at D3 (p = 0. 04) and D5 (p = 0. 02) and average diameter of the small vessels at D2 (p = 0. 03), D3 (p = 0. 02) and D5 (p = 0. 02). We have therefore concluded that a depressive effect of zoledronic acid in high doses on the superficial bone vascularization. Then we test a dose-effect of zoledronic acid on bone vascularization in the longer term (28 days). We compared the dose of 400 μg / kg to 120 μg / kg. At this dose, no effect of zoledronic acid was found regardless of the setting. We have therefore concluded that the depressive effect of zoledronic acid on the superficial bone was dosedependent. We completed our results observed in a study area by histological preliminary non demineralized bone section. Two bone sites were studied: an healing maxillary bone site after tooth extraction and standardized bone defect and non healing femoral bone site. Rats received 20 μg / kg / day of zoledronic acid in subcutaneous injection for 6 days compared to pss. These groups were compared to an untreated group. Double cyclin labelling, staining with toluidine blue and histoenzymology analysis after TRAP revelation have been achieved. Our preliminary results suggest a lower bone remodelling in the non healing femoral site in treated animals. In the healing site, bone remodeling seemed less altered, probably because of the importance of post-traumatic remodelling compared to low doses administered of zoledronic acid. These preliminary results must be confirmed on a larger sample and with quantitative methods of analysis. The potential links between these experimental results and the results of our clinical studies on ONJ are proposed in the last part of this work. We hypothesized that the effect of zoledronic acid on bone vascularization could be a contributory factor in the pathogenesis of ONJ, and the cessation of BP could improve the course of ONJ. According to our classification and in 18 patients, we describe a favorable clinical course of ONJ in 44% of cases with 2 cases of CT mandibular rebuilding from periosteum. This thesis work therefore shows a cluster of clinical and experimental arguments in favor of a depressive effect of zoledronic acid on bone vascularization. Further studies are now needed to clarify the mechanisms of action ascrible to this effect
Simon, Thomas. "Traitement anti-angiogénique par le bevacizumab des tumeurs gliales malignes : étude in vitro dans une matrice tridimensionnelle." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUES032.
Full textGlioblastomas (grade IV gliomas) are one of the most invasive and aggressive solid tumors. Bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the pro-angiogenic factor Vascular and Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A), is used in the treatment of glioblastomas. Although most patients respond initially to this treatment, studies have shown that glioblastomas eventually recur. Several non-mutually exclusive theories based on the anti-angiogenic effect of bevacizumab have been proposed to explain these mechanisms of resistance. In this report, we studied whether bevacizumab can act directly on malignant glioblastoma cells. We observe changes in the expression profiles of components of the VEGF/VEGF-R pathway and in the response to a VEGF-A stimulus following bevacizumab treatment. In addition, we show that bevacizumab itself acts on glioblastoma cells by activating intracellular survival signaling pathways. Bevacizumab also enhances proliferation and invasiveness of glioblastoma cells in Hyaluronic Acid (HA) hydrogel. We propose that the paradoxical effect of bevacizumab on glioblastoma cells could be due to changes in the VEGF-A-dependent autocrine loop as well as in the intracellular survival pathways, leading to the enhancement of tumor aggressiveness. Identification of mediators involved in the direct effect of bevacizumab on glioblastoma cells and the resulting downstream signaling pathways will help to develop multi-targeted therapies useful in the treatment of glioblastomas
Assam, Evoung Jean Norbert. "Utilisation et Modification de la β-cyclodextrine et de système mono-osidique en angiogenèse." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENCM0027/document.
Full textTumor growth and development of metastasis are dependent on angiogenesis and based on an « angiogenic switch». Therefore, to inhibit angiogenesis appears quite evidently as a new anticancer strategy which corresponds simply to starve a tumor by depriving its vascularisation. Angiogenesis is a physiological process that involves many receptors, including the RM6P/IGF-2. Previous work conducted in the laboratory has shown that analogues of M6P are effectors of angiogenesis but during administration, these compounds are easily removed due to their hydrophilicity. To increase the lipophilicity of the M6P analogues, we have replaced the methyl group at the anomeric position by a pentyl group. Also to study the “cluster” effect and the protective transport of molecules, a new family of compounds derived from β-cyclodextrin were prepared. Original derivatives, having azido and phosphate functions, and a crown made of mannose were synthesised
Sarraf, Michel. "Evaluation non-invasive des Gliomes par Imagerie Résonance Magnétique : Effets des traitements anti-angiogéniques (Avastin) sur la microvascularisation et la microarchitecture tumorale et péritumorale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAS040.
Full textIn neuro-oncology, the effects of anti-angiogenic treatments are not predictable, as observed in glioblastomas treated with Avastin. Only a minority of patients show a significant response to treatment. Conventional imaging modalities are not able to evaluate the efficiency in the early phase of the treatment. Thus, the challenge remains to find and to validate new biomarkers that are able to predict the early response to such therapies.The aim of this work is to develop and implement a preclinical multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol for the characterization and follow up of early microvascular and microstructural changes in the tumor and its peritumoral regions after treatment with Avastin. For this purpose, the quantification of the blood volume and Kmodel (an apparent coefficient that is related to the contrast agent (CA) uptake rate), and evaluation of brain microarchitecture by diffusion tensor imaging were developed and evaluated as biomarkers.The Rapid Steady State T1 (RSST1) method was initially developed for blood volume quantification in the absence of CA extravasation. In the first part of this thesis, we have implemented and adapted this MRI technique for the quantification of both blood volume and Kmodel in tumors where the CA extravasates. We developed a mathematical model for the RSST1 signals that accounts for the unidirectional bi-compartmental exchange of CA from the vascular towards the extravascular compartment. This development allows to the quantification of vascular parameters in a rat glioma model (C6). The results were confirmed using another MRI modality, the steady state magnetic susceptibility method, and quantitative histology.In the second part, we studied the sensitivity of the RSST1 method for the follow up of the glioma response to anti-angiogenic treatment under clinical conditions. In this study, the effect of Avastin treatment in a murine orthotopic U87 MG glioma model was analyzed. The RSST1 method demonstrated a high reproducibility in the blood volume quantification and a superior sensitivity in comparison to CA enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1W-Gd-DOTA) for the detection and follow-up of the tumor response to Avastin, especially in early stages of tumor progression. Blood volume quantification by MRI was correlated to measures obtained by two-photon microscopy.In the last part of this thesis, we have studied the capacity of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) coupled with FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) MRI and T1w-Gd-DOTA, to characterize tumor, peritumoral, and contralateral regions of the U87MG glioma model. We quantified DTI parameters before and during the invasion of tumor cells induced by Avastin in the peritumoral zone for different administration modes: intravenous and intratumoral via Convention-Enhanced Delivery. Therefore, the delineation of peritumoral regions for each tumor in an early stage was based on anatomical images, that took into account the individual tumor progression at later stages. Significant differences were detected for DTI parameters between the tumor, peritumoral, and contralateral regions and a different evolution of these parameters was noticed according to the Avastin injection mode
Mateo, Lou. "Synthèse et évaluation de nouveaux antagonistes des récepteurs CXCR1-2 pour cibler conjointement l’angiogenèse et l’inflammation dans les pathologies cancéreuses." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4006.
Full textCancer is one of the main causes of death in the world. Angiogenesis and inflammation represent two essential hallmarks in the development and progression of tumors and are essential for the survival of the cancer cells. Better knowledge of cellular mechanisms has enabled the development of targeted anti-angiogenic therapies. However, the emergence of resistance constitutes the main limitation of these current anti-angiogenics targeted therapies, as you may know the anti-VEGF therapies. But in parallel to the VEGF pathway, another crucial pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory axis in cancers is required: the CXCL-ELR+/CXCR pathway, particularly in metastatic kidney cancer. The aim of this work was to develop original small organic molecules able to inhibit the ligand/receptor interaction (CXCL-ELR+ / CXCR1-2) in order to have both anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities. The 2-aminobenzothiazinone pattern was chosen for the preparation of 3 new classes of inhibitors. Divergent synthesis strategies were used to obtain the members of families 1 & 2, although the conditions have been adapted according to the reactivity of each substrate. The last family of molecules was prepared according to a linear synthesis. However, this latter strategy displayed some limitations during the cyclisation step. Thereafter, biological evaluations revealed a promising compound exhibiting an IC50 of 0.6 μM on the 786-O cell line compared with our reference molecule (IC50 = 2 μM). Other result highlighted that this compound also exerted an inhibition of the chemotaxis of cells expressing CXCR1-2 receptors. Further studies on zebrafish are planned with this compound in order to study its ability to interfere with the angiogenesis phenomenon in vivo