Academic literature on the topic 'Antibacterial efficacy'

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Journal articles on the topic "Antibacterial efficacy"

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Pratiwi, Esti Rizkiana, Nadiah Al Batati, and Nuzzulul Anisa Firamadhani. "Antibacterial of Endophytic Bacteria from Papaya (Carica papaya) Seeds Againts Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 24, no. 1b (2024): 230–36. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v24i1b.8018.

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Endophytic bacteria were produce antibacterial compounds from various plants has been widely reported as considered efficient in overcoming resistant pathogen infections. This study aims to obtain endophytic bacteria from papaya seeds which can produce antibacterials. Papaya seeds were used to isolate endophytic bacteria, which were then examined for antibacterial activity. The dics diffusion method is used to determine the antibacterial activity's efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. There are nine isolates of endophytic bacteria in all. According to a potency test, th
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Jamieson, N., R. Drew, and I. Cock. "BiopharmingCarica papayacompounds with antibacterial efficacy." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1155 (March 2017): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1155.85.

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Uslu, Hilal, Faruk Haznedaroglu, Yasar Nakipoglu, and Hüseyin Gürkan Günec. "Antibacterial efficacy of hypochlorous acid." International Dental Journal 74 (October 2024): S103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2024.07.887.

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Sharma, Vikas, Arti Heer, Navneet Kour, and Shivangi Sharma. "Antibacterial efficacy of amla leaves." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis 10, no. 3 (2023): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpca.2023.034.

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The present study was carried out to evaluate antibacterial potential of methanolic extract from amla leaves via agar-well diffusion method against two gram positive ( subtilis MTCC2389, MTCC7443) and three gram negative (MTCC4821, MTCC2127, MTCC7162) strains. Susceptibility of plant extract was tested by serial microdilution method (MIC) and agar well diffusion method was determined. The extract showed maximum zone of inhibition against (17.6 mm) followed by (16.5 mm) and (16.2 mm). However, activity was also reported against (15.5 mm) and (15 mm). The different concentrations of extract (10μ
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Kisiel-Nawrot, Ewa, Malgorzata Latocha, Andrzej Bak, Violetta Kozik, Josef Jampilek, and Andrzej Zieba. "Anticancer Efficacy of Antibacterial Quinobenzothiazines." Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (2023): 2886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13052886.

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The antitumor potency of a series of designed and prepared antibacterial quinobenzothiazines was evaluated against different types of human cancer cell lines, such as glioblastoma SNB-19, lung adenocarcinoma A549 and breast cancer T47D, and the activities of the compounds were compared to cisplatin and doxorubicin. 9-Propoxy-5-methyl-12H-quino[3,4-b][1,4]benzo- thiazinium chloride (4a), 9-allyloxy-5-methyl-12H-quino[3,4-b][1,4]benzothiazinium chloride (4d) and 11-benzyloxy-5-methyl-12H-quino[3,4-b][1,4]benzothiazinium chloride (4l) were the most active compounds; their IC50 values against all
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Sheu, Shu-Yun, Kang-Yuan Lee, Ching-Fen Shen, Kiera Lin, Chung-Hsiang Lin, and Chao-Min Cheng. "Antibacterial efficacy of nanostructured surfaces." Applied Materials Today 44 (June 2025): 102717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2025.102717.

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Yang, Hui, Peng Fei Gao, Wen Bi Wu, et al. "Antibacterials loaded electrospun composite nanofibers: release profile and sustained antibacterial efficacy." Polym. Chem. 5, no. 6 (2014): 1965–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3py01335a.

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You, Xiu Dong, Meng Fu Zhu, Hong Bo Su, Ping Chen, and Cheng Deng. "Study on Antibacterial Efficacy and Catalytic Capability of Nanocrystalline Magnesia." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.515.

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Abstract: Objective: To study the antibacterial efficacy and the catalytic capability of nanocrystalline magnesia powder(nano-MgO). Methods: The antibacterial efficacy was evaluated in Bacteriostatic circle and the shake flask test and the catalytic capability was evaluated by paraoxon. Results: The nano-MgO had good antibacterial efficacy and highly catalytic capability. The catalytic capability was not influenced by light. When 50mL 20μg/L paraoxon solution was catalyzed by 0.5g nano-MgO for 5min, the disappearance of paraoxon was about 77.9%, and for 60min, the disappearances of them was 99
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Park, Kyung Min, Sung-Geon Yoon, Tae-Ho Choi, Hyun Jung Kim, Kee Jai Park, and Minseon Koo. "The Bactericidal Effect of a Combination of Food-Grade Compounds and their Application as Alternative Antibacterial Agents for Food Contact Surfaces." Foods 9, no. 1 (2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9010059.

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Chemical antibacterials are widely used to control microbial growth but have raised concerns about health risks. It is necessary to find alternative, non-toxic antibacterial agents for the inhibition of pathogens in foods or food contact surfaces. To develop a non-toxic and “green” food-grade alternative to chemical sanitizers, we formulated a multicomponent antibacterial mixture containing Rosmarinus officinalis L., Camellia sinensis L., citric acid, and ε-polylysine and evaluated its bactericidal efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella Enteritidi
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Rajalakshmi M. "Preparation and testing for the efficacy of polyherbal hand wash." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Life Sciences 7, no. 1 (2020): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijprls.v7i1.1163.

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Skin is the largest organ that is covering the human body, which helps in the regulation of the temperature of the body, responding to the sensory stimulus and fighting the harmful microbes that are concerning it. So that is the reason, the cleanliness of the hands are the minimum necessary for preventing and combating the probable infections. Currently, herbs like citrus, neem, turmeric, garlic, aloe are serving humans as antibacterials and antibiotics. These herbs are potent in fighting viruses, bacteria and fungus. In the current research, a hand wash is prepared using various drugs or herb
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Antibacterial efficacy"

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Waldbrook, Matthew George. "In vivo efficacy of novel antibacterial and immunomodulatory peptides." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2850.

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Despite the success of modern medicine in treating infections, infectious diseases remain a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The evolution of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria means that new innovations in therapeutics must be pursued to combat this emerging threat. A novel approach is to utilize the anti-infective properties of endogenous host defense peptides by creating smaller synthetic peptides with enhanced protective activities. Some of these peptides directly kill bacteria and many display varied immunomodulatory activities, enhancing the host innate immune res
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Hendry, Maureen M. "The efficacy of topical honey to heal wounds and burns : systematic review and meta-analysis /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16941.pdf.

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Carver, Keith Charles. "The in vivo antibacterial efficacy of ultrasound after hand and rotary instrumentation in human mandibular molars." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186689182.

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Elashi, Balsam. "The antimicrobial and antifungal efficacy of indigenous plant extracts against streptococcus mutans, Escherichia colia and Candida albicans." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4246.

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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)<br>The antimicrobial and antifungal efficacy of indigenous plant extracts against Streptococcus mutans , Escherichia coli and Candida albicans .Aim: To determine the antimicrobial and antifungal efficacy of indigenous plant extracts, Tamarindus Indica (T. ndica), Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdaraffi), Adansonia digitata (A.digitata) and Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) against Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans ), Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) objectives:The objectives of this study were to: 1.Measure the zones of growt
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Thiessen, Craig B. D. "Antibacterial efficacy of 0.12-percent and 2.0-percent chlorhexidine gluconate at 37° C and 46° C against Enterococcus faecalis." Connect to resource online, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2226.

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Thesis (M.S.D.)--Indiana University School of Dentistry, 2010.<br>Title from PDF t. p. (viewed July 28, 2010) Advisor(s): Mychel Vail, Chair of the Research Committee, Richard Gregory, Joseph Legan, Kenneth Spolnik, Susan Zunt. Curriculum vitae. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-120).
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Jode, Mathieu de. "Two examples of exploiting bacteriophages to defeat Pseudomonas aeruginosa : study of the viral protein Gp92 and in vivo evaluation of the efficacy of a bacteriophage cocktail to treat pneumonia in immunocompromised animals." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS030.

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Nous avons étudié des phages infectant Pseudomonas aeruginosa pour développer des stratégies antibactériennes. Nous avons d’abord étudié les mécanismes des stratégies virales détournant les fonctions bactériennes, et découvert que l’expression du gène phagique gp92 altère la morphologie bactérienne, la motilité et le protéome cellulaire, sans affecter la croissance. Gp92 altère également la réponse au stress membranaire médiée par AlgU, via son interaction avec MucA. Cette perturbation pourrait aider le phage à contrôler la lyse. Enfin, l'expression de gp92 augmente la sensibilité de P. aerugi
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Tung, Yu-Chieh, and 董宇傑. "Polylactic Acid Antimicrobial Composite Films:Preparation and Antibacterial Efficacy." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66082866229803025598.

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碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>纖維與複合材料學系<br>104<br>Organic polymer antibacterial agents exhibit good antibacterial properties and high durability, and they have the advantage of efficient processing, which allows for applications in costumes, medicine, and food packaging. In this study, free radical polymerization (FRP) is used to form antibacterial polymer materials. FRP is a living radical polymerization technique which can manipulate parameters for the preparation of polymer materials in terms of molecular weight and structure. A monomer {2-(tert-butylaminoethyl)meth-acrylate (TA)} is made into cationic ant
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Vosloo, Chiquita. "The efficacy of thymus vulgaris tincture as an antibacterial agent." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1993.

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A dissertation in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master's Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Technikon Natal, 2002.<br>The aim of this study was to establish the effect of Thymus vulgaris tincture prepared in 43% ethanol and 70% ethanol in comparison to 43% ethanol and 70% ethanol only upon Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, using a disc diffusion method, and to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MEC) of Thym
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Proença, Daniela Sofia Moreira 1983. "Bacteriophage lytic enzymes and their engineering towards improved antibacterial efficacy." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/16174.

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Tese de doutoramento, Farmácia (Microbiologia), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2015<br>Increasing antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens has been promoting the studyof bacteriophage (phage) lytic enzymes (bacterial cell wall hydrolases) asalternatives/complements to antibiotics. Phages can employ two types of these enzymesduring their life cycle: i) virion-associated lysins (VALs), which promote a local cleavageof cell wall bonds to facilitate phage genome entry into the host cell; and ii) endolysinsthat destroy the wall at the end of infection, leading to cell burst a
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Manurung, Brian S., and 馬白彥. "Antibacterial efficacy and biological evaluation of high-valence silver material." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87267869746253579311.

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碩士<br>中原大學<br>生物科技研究所<br>104<br>Antibacterial efficacy of products can be improved by coating silver (Ag) with polymers. Four designs have been planned in the current study. First, the antibacterial efficacy of the Ag-coated iron-zinc plates using different polymers as adhesive, the plates without Ag, and the plates with Ag but without using polymers were determined. Second, weathering resistance tests were performed on the Ag-coated iron-zinc plates by polymers after storage at 250C and 85% of relative humidity for different periods of time. Third, the consumption rates of the Ag-coated iron-
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Books on the topic "Antibacterial efficacy"

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M, Ohkoshi, Kawada Y, and International Symposium on Drug Efficacy in UTI (1st : 1989 : Tokyo, Japan), eds. Clinical evaluation of drug efficacy in UTI: Proceedings of the first international symposium, held in Tokyo, Japan, 27-28 October 1989. Excerpta Medica, 1990.

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Pargal, Anisha. Efficacy Evaluation of Antibacterial Agents (AZREFI Special Publication). AstraZeneca Research Foundation India, 2000.

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Featherston, Robert Harold. Comparative Efficacy of Some of the Commonly Used Urinary Antibacterial Agents in the Treatment of Experimental Canine Bacterial Nephritis. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2021.

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Klein, Eili Y. Antibiotic Resistance. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0068.

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Antibacterial resistance threatens the ability of physicians to treat infections, reversing medical gains and increasing the probability of morbidity and mortality in infected patients. Decreased antibiotic efficacy also threatens advanced surgical procedures dependent on antibiotic effectiveness, such as organ and prosthetic transplants. Even simple procedures consider antibiotic prophylaxis to be a standard means of controlling surgical site infections. Despite the link between increased antibiotic use and resistance, a large fraction of antimicrobial use is inappropriate, particularly for a
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Kenney, Ashley J. Herbal Antibiotics: A Comprehensive Guide to the Safety and Efficacy of Plant-Based Antibacterials. Amoley, 2023.

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Book chapters on the topic "Antibacterial efficacy"

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Qais, Faizan Abul, Samreen, and Iqbal Ahmad. "Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles: Characterization and their Antibacterial Efficacy." In Antibacterial Drug Discovery to Combat MDR. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9871-1_28.

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Marra, Andrea. "Developing In Vivo Infection Models with MDR Pathogens for Evaluating Compound Efficacy." In Antibacterial Drug Discovery to Combat MDR. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9871-1_6.

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Khan, Mohd Sajjad Ahmad. "Combination of Drugs: An Effective Approach for Enhancing the Efficacy of Antibiotics to Combat Drug Resistance." In Antibacterial Drug Discovery to Combat MDR. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9871-1_19.

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Nadtoka, O., P. Virych, O. Krupka, et al. "Hybrid Hydrogels with Biologically Active Dyes and Their Antibacterial Efficacy." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74800-5_23.

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Romanò, Carlo Luca, Delia Romanò, Sara Scarponi, and Lorenzo Drago. "Paradigm Change in Antibacterial Coatings: Efficacy of Short-Term Local Prophylaxis." In Periprosthetic Joint Infections. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30091-7_28.

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Jang, Hye-Jeong, Hee-Won Bae, and You-Hee Cho. "Exploitation of Drosophila Infection Models to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy of Phages." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8940-9_15.

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Edelblute, C. M., M. A. Malik, and L. C. Heller. "Antibacterial Efficacy of a Novel Plasma Reactor without an Applied Gas Flow." In 1st World Congress on Electroporation and Pulsed Electric Fields in Biology, Medicine and Food & Environmental Technologies. Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-817-5_77.

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Sarojini, Suma, and Saranya Jayaram. "An Impact of Antibacterial Efficacy of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: A Promise for Future." In Bio-manufactured Nanomaterials. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67223-2_18.

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Swain, Subhasmita, Priyabrata Swain, Sapna Mishra, and Tapash Rautray. "Polarized Chitosan with Cu Substituted Hydroxyapatite Composite Exhibits Enhanced Osteogenicity and Antibacterial Efficacy In Vitro." In Springer Proceedings in Materials. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5509-1_13.

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Stephan, W. "Investigations to Demonstrate the Antibacterial and Antitoxic Efficacy of an IgM-Enriched Intravenous Immunoglobulin Preparation." In Immune Consequences of Trauma, Shock, and Sepsis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73468-7_62.

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Conference papers on the topic "Antibacterial efficacy"

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Song, HongSeok, YoungGeun Kim, Yeseul Sin, YoungHyo Chang, and YongSoo Park. "Development of Antibacterial Coating against Sulfate Reducing Bacteria." In CORROSION 2011. NACE International, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2011-11225.

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Abstract In a case that coating like heat shrinkable sheet (HSS) or cold tape is detached from buried pipeline surface, cathodic protection current can’t penetrate into the pipeline surface enough to polarize cathodically due to the impervious characteristic of outer backing layer. Microbiologically induced corrosion can develop seriously at the pipeline inside the failed coating under the favorable environment for sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) proliferation. A series of works have been performed in order to develop the antibacterial coating against SRB. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC
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Costerton, J. W., G. G. Geesey, and P. A. Jones. "Bacterial Biofilms in Relation to Internal Corrosion Monitoring and Biocide Strategies." In CORROSION 1987. NACE International, 1987. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1987-87054.

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Abstract This paper is a review of leading research in the field of bacterial corrosion monitoring with specific emphasis on systems that transport liquids rather than gases. However, the principles of bacterial corrosion presented below are universal and independent of whatever media is transported through the pipeline. It has now been established that the primary mechanism of bacterial corrosion of metal surfaces involves the creation, within an adherent biofilm, of local physiochemical "corrosion cells". The practical consequence of this perception is that we now know that bacteria must be
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Aktan, T., L. Oksuz, H. E. Guldas, et al. "Antibacterial efficacy of nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma against." In 2011 IEEE 38th International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2011.5993232.

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Pattabi, Rani M., G. Arun Kumar Thilipan, Vinayachandra Bhat, K. R. Sridhar, and Manjunatha Pattabi. "Antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles against Escherichia coli." In SOLID STATE PHYSICS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 57TH DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2012. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4791066.

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Saraswathy, R., G. Krithika, M. Muralidhar, et al. "Antibacterial efficacy of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on Vibrio anguillarum." In 2013 International Conference on Advanced Nanomaterials and Emerging Engineering Technologies (ICANMEET). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icanmeet.2013.6609295.

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"Antibacterial Efficacy of Three Different Extracts of Polygonum Minus (Huds.)." In Emirates Research Publishing. Emirates Research Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/er1515231.

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Munshi, Sujay, A. M. Roychaudhury, Debtanu Ghosh, Partha Chatterjee, and Apurba Kanti Deb. "Synthesis of nanocrystalline doped SnO2: Structural study and antibacterial efficacy." In 66TH DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0178096.

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Rupiasih, Ni Nyoman, Ria Yuliani, Dewa Ayu Pranastia, et al. "PVA/Chitosan Composite Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Wound Dressing and Antibacterial Efficacy." In The 4th International Conference on Science and Technology Applications. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-64xk11.

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A Research has been carried out on the manufacture and characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/Chitosan composite nanofiber membranes using electrospinning technique which addressed for wound dressing and antibacterial efficacy. The electrospun composite nanofiber membranes were made with various volume ratios of PVA:Chitosan, namely 1:9, 2:8, and 3:7, which were named P9K1, P8K2, and P7K3 respectively. The electrospinning was performed at a voltage of 10 kV, the distance between the nozzle tip to the collector was 10 cm, a flow rate of 1 µl/h, at room temperature, a relative humidity (RH)
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Pop, Georgeta, Ersilia Calina Alexa, Ilinca Merima Imbrea, Marinel Horablaga, and Diana Obistioiu. "STUDY OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF DIOECIOUS CANNABIS SATIVA L. EXTRACTS." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/6.2/s25.47.

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Dioecious Cannabis sativa L. is grown for derived products that are of industrial, food and therapeutic importance. The research aims to highlight the therapeutic potential. The study's main objective is to examine the antibacterial activity of dioecious hemp extracts on two bacterial strains. The plant material comes from 4 varieties of dioecious hemp CS (Cannabis sativa L.): CS1-Armanca, CS2- Lovrin 110, CS 3- Silvana and CS 4- Teodora. The antibacterial property of the plant biological material was tested on two bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATC
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Boselli, Marco, Francesca Cavrini, Vittorio Colombo, et al. "Investigation of antibacterial efficacy of a plasma gun source for endodontic applications." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2015.7179903.

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Reports on the topic "Antibacterial efficacy"

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Ramnaraine, Daveena. Beyond Antibiotics: Exploring the Antibacterial Mechanisms and Efficacy of Medicinal Plants and Endophytic Fungi. Florida International University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.25148/fiuurj.3.1.14.

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Due to the overuse of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance has become a global health crisis, and has forced an exploration of alternative antibacterial agents. This review explores natural solutions through the antibacterial potential of medicinal plants and their symbiotic endophytic fungi. Medicinal plants have been utilized for centuries to treat infections because of their rich phytochemical content, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins, which exhibit antibacterial properties. Their efficacy is measured through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, which showcase their abi
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Hou, Shunxin, Haiming Jiang, and Haoran Liu. Efficacy and safety of different antibacterial regimens in the treatment of severe bacterial pneumonia: A network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0093.

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Ficht, Thomas, Gary Splitter, Menachem Banai, and Menachem Davidson. Characterization of B. Melinensis REV 1 Attenuated Mutants. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580667.bard.

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Brucella Mutagenesis (TAMU) The working hypothesis for this study was that survival of Brucella vaccines was directly related to their persistence in the host. This premise is based on previously published work detailing the survival of the currently employed vaccine strains S19 and Rev 1. The approach employed signature-tagged mutagenesis to construct mutants interrupted in individual genes, and the mouse model to identify mutants with attenuated virulence/survival. Intracellular survival in macrophages is the key to both reproductive disease in ruminants and reticuloendothelial disease obser
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