Academic literature on the topic 'Antibiotic resistances'
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Journal articles on the topic "Antibiotic resistances"
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Reinthaler, Franz Ferdinand, Herbert Galler, Gebhard Feierl, Doris Haas, Eva Leitner, Franz Mascher, Angelika Melkes, et al. "Resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from sewage sludge in comparison with those isolated from human patients in 2000 and 2009." Journal of Water and Health 11, no. 1 (November 12, 2012): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2012.207.
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For some time now, antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains have been found in the human population, in foods, in livestock and wild animals, as well as in surface waters. The entry of antibiotics and resistant bacterial strains into the environment plays an important role in the spread of antibiotic resistance. The goal of the present study was to monitor the entry of antibiotic resistances into the environment through the contamination of wastewater. To assess the extent of transmission of antibiotic resistances from human sources into the environment, the resistance patterns of Escherichia coli strains isolated from human patients have been compared to those found in strains isolated from sewage sludge. Our results may indicate if resistances to particular antibiotics are more prone than others to spread into the environment. To monitor the increase of specific resistances over time, samples taken in the years 2000 and 2009 were analysed. Our study shows that for some antibiotics a parallel development of resistance patterns has taken place in both patient and environmental samples over time. For other sets of antibiotics, independent developments have occurred in the samples. A clear increase of multi-resistant E. coli strains over time was observed in samples from both sources.
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Akkan, Tamer. "Antibiotic Resistance Case Study: Enterobacteriaceae isolated from Batlama Creek in Giresun, Turkey." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 8 (August 27, 2017): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i8.969-972.1262.
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Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from the freshwater of the Batlama Creek in Giresun, to measure their resistance levels against to antibiotics. A total of 9 antibiotics disc were applied for the resistance test. Antibiotic resistances of all isolates were at percentages for ampicillin (75%), erythromycin (64%), nalidixic acid (48%), tetracycline (39%), amikacin (34%), cefazolin and chloramphenicol (33%), cefuroxime (32%) and cefotaxime (23%), respectively. The highest resistant strain was resistant against to 9 antibiotics, while the weak resistance of 16 isolates were sensitive to all antibiotics. Moreover, Multiple antibiotic resistance index values were found to be higher than 0.2 for 77% of all isolates. High resistances of examined bacteria against to antibiotics indicated a dense and multisource pollution in the Batlama Creek. Consequently, a need for good surveillance programs to monitor antimicrobial resistance patterns in surface water bodies.
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Hummel, Anja S., Christian Hertel, Wilhelm H. Holzapfel, and Charles M. A. P. Franz. "Antibiotic Resistances of Starter and Probiotic Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 3 (November 22, 2006): 730–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02105-06.
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ABSTRACT The antibiotic resistances of 45 lactic acid bacteria strains belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus, and Leuconostoc were investigated. The objective was to determine antibiotic resistances and to verify these at the genetic level, as is currently suggested by the European “qualified presumption of safety” safety evaluation system for industrial starter strains. In addition, we sought to pinpoint possible problems in resistance determinations. Primers were used to PCR amplify genes involved in β-lactam antibiotic, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and erythromycin resistance. The presence of ribosomal protection protein genes and the ermB gene was also determined by using a gene probe. Generally, the incidences of erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, or β-lactam resistances in this study were low (<7%). In contrast, aminoglycoside (gentamicin and streptomycin) and ciprofloxacin resistances were higher than 70%, indicating that these may constitute intrinsic resistances. The genetic basis for ciprofloxacin resistance could not be verified, since no mutations typical of quinolone resistances were detected in the quinolone determining regions of the parC and gyrA genes. Some starter strains showed low-level ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline resistances, but no known resistance genes could be detected. Although some strains possessed the cat gene, none of these were phenotypically resistant to chloramphenicol. Using reverse transcription-PCR, these cat genes were shown to be silent under both inducing and noninducing conditions. Only Lactobacillus salivarius BFE 7441 possessed an ermB gene, which was encoded on the chromosome and which could not be transferred in filter-mating experiments. This study clearly demonstrates problems encountered with resistance testing, in that the breakpoint values are often inadequately identified, resistance genes may be present but silent, and the genetic basis and associated resistance mechanisms toward some antibiotics are still unknown.
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Farias, Pedro, Christophe Espírito Santo, Rita Branco, Romeu Francisco, Susana Santos, Lars Hansen, Soren Sorensen, and Paula V. Morais. "Natural Hot Spots for Gain of Multiple Resistances: Arsenic and Antibiotic Resistances in Heterotrophic, Aerobic Bacteria from Marine Hydrothermal Vent Fields." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 7 (January 30, 2015): 2534–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03240-14.
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ABSTRACTMicroorganisms are responsible for multiple antibiotic resistances that have been associated with resistance/tolerance to heavy metals, with consequences to public health. Many genes conferring these resistances are located on mobile genetic elements, easily exchanged among phylogenetically distant bacteria. The objective of the present work was to isolate arsenic-, antimonite-, and antibiotic-resistant strains and to determine the existence of plasmids harboring antibiotic/arsenic/antimonite resistance traits in phenotypically resistant strains, in a nonanthropogenically impacted environment. The hydrothermal Lucky Strike field in the Azores archipelago (North Atlantic, between 11°N and 38°N), at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, protected under the OSPAR Convention, was sampled as a metal-rich pristine environment. A total of 35 strains from 8 different species were isolated in the presence of arsenate, arsenite, and antimonite. ACR3 andarsBgenes were amplified from the sediment's total DNA, and 4 isolates also carried ACR3 genes. Phenotypic multiple resistances were found in all strains, and 7 strains had recoverable plasmids. Purified plasmids were sequenced by Illumina and assembled by EDENA V3, and contig annotation was performed using the “Rapid Annotation using the Subsystems Technology” server. Determinants of resistance to copper, zinc, cadmium, cobalt, and chromium as well as to the antibiotics β-lactams and fluoroquinolones were found in the 3 sequenced plasmids. Genes coding for heavy metal resistance and antibiotic resistance in the same mobile element were found, suggesting the possibility of horizontal gene transfer and distribution of theses resistances in the bacterial population.
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Talukder, Mukta, and HM Manir Ahmed. "Determination of antibiotics sensitivity profiles of bacteria isolated from raw milk." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2, no. 3 (November 4, 2016): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v2i3.30109.
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The extensive progress of dairy sectors in a developing country like Bangladesh, led to widespread use of antibiotics to improve the health and productivity of animals. Prolonged usage may lead to antibiotic residues in foods of animal origin; hence, the emergence of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms. Accurate data on the antibiotic usage in livestock treatment, antibiotic residues and antimicrobial resistances in raw milk in Bangladesh are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the types and usages of antibiotics in cattle, their potential microbial resistances in raw milk samples. To do so, a total of 54 raw milk samples were evaluated and the bacterial isolates were identified and measured for resistance to 4 antibiotics most commonly used during bacterial infection Bangladesh. Amongst all 54 (100%) isolates were positive to S. aureus and 36 (66.67%) isolates were positive to E coli. Determination of the antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates showed that all isolates of S. aureus were resistant to cefoxitin (81.48%), ampicillin (64.81%), ciprofloxacin (51.85%), and gentamycin (70.37%). E. coli showed resistance to cefoxitin (69.44%), ampicillin (83.33%), ciprofloxacin (77.78%), and gentamycin (86.11%). However multidrug resistance pattern was also found. The obtained results provide evidence that antimicrobial resistant strains of the above pathogens have become remarkably widespread in raw milk. This requires better management for antibiotic usages among livestock farmers to control sources of food contamination and reduce the health risks associated with the development of resistant microbial strainsAsian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2016, 2(3): 396-401
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Dang, Huong Thu, Huy Son Dinh, Tu Anh Loc, and La Anh Nguyen. "Antibiotic resistance characteristics of potential probiotic Lactobacillus strains." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 61, no. 6 (December 15, 2023): 975–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/17261.
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Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are increasingly common and threaten human health. Recently, antibiotic resistance in food associated bacteria become an emerging threat to this state. These bacteria may act as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes and transfer to commensal or pathogenic bacteria in the human intestines. Therefore, either probiotics or starter cultures have to be evaluated for antibiotic interaction. In this study, the antibiotic susceptibility of seven Lactobacillus strains was determined. The MIC values revealed that all strains were resistant to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and aminoglycoside antibiotics group (gentamicin, neomycin, kanamycin and streptomycin). However, the results from PCR analysis showed that parC gene for ciprofloxacin resistance was only present in Lb. fermentum SMC2; vanX gene, responsible for the vancomycin resistance, was found in two strains Lb. plantarum AS34 and TJ26. Most strains showed susceptibilityto at least one type of protein synthesis inhibit antibiotics: chloramphenicol, erythromycin and clindamycin. Four strains Lb. brevis NCTH24, Lb. casei PK2, Lb. fermentum SBV2, and Lb. plantarum NCDC3 did not carry any antibiotic resistance genes which indicates these antibiotic resistances are intrinsic and nontransmissible.
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Saha, Mousumi, and Agniswar Sarkar. "Review on Multiple Facets of Drug Resistance: A Rising Challenge in the 21st Century." Journal of Xenobiotics 11, no. 4 (December 13, 2021): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jox11040013.
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With the advancements of science, antibiotics have emerged as an amazing gift to the human and animal healthcare sectors for the treatment of bacterial infections and other diseases. However, the evolution of new bacterial strains, along with excessive use and reckless consumption of antibiotics have led to the unfolding of antibiotic resistances to an excessive level. Multidrug resistance is a potential threat worldwide, and is escalating at an extremely high rate. Information related to drug resistance, and its regulation and control are still very little. To interpret the onset of antibiotic resistances, investigation on molecular analysis of resistance genes, their distribution and mechanisms are urgently required. Fine-tuned research and resistance profile regarding ESKAPE pathogen is also necessary along with other multidrug resistant bacteria. In the present scenario, the interaction of bacterial infections with SARS-CoV-2 is also crucial. Tracking and in-silico analysis of various resistance mechanisms or gene/s are crucial for overcoming the problem, and thus, the maintenance of relevant databases and wise use of antibiotics should be promoted. Creating awareness of this critical situation among individuals at every level is important to strengthen the fight against this fast-growing calamity. The review aimed to provide detailed information on antibiotic resistance, its regulatory molecular mechanisms responsible for the resistance, and other relevant information. In this article, we tried to focus on the correlation between antimicrobial resistance and the COVID-19 pandemic. This study will help in developing new interventions, potential approaches, and strategies to handle the complexity of antibiotic resistance and prevent the incidences of life-threatening infections.
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Goñi-Urriza, Marisol, Michèle Capdepuy, Corinne Arpin, Nathalie Raymond, Pierre Caumette, and Claudine Quentin. "Impact of an Urban Effluent on Antibiotic Resistance of Riverine Enterobacteriaceae andAeromonas spp." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.1.125-132.2000.
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ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the impact of an urban effluent on antibiotic resistance of freshwater bacterial populations, water samples were collected from the Arga river (Spain), upstream and downstream from the wastewater discharge of the city of Pamplona. Strains ofEnterobacteriaceae (representative of the human and animal commensal flora) (110 isolates) and Aeromonas (typically waterborne bacteria) (118 isolates) were selected for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Most of the Aeromonas strains (72%) and many of the Enterobacteriaceae (20%) were resistant to nalidixic acid. Singly nalidixic acid-resistant strains were frequent regardless of the sampling site forAeromonas, whereas they were more common upstream from the discharge for enterobacteria. The most common resistances to antibiotics other than quinolones were to tetracycline (24.3%) and beta-lactams (20.5%) for Enterobacteriaceae and to tetracycline (27.5%) and co-trimoxazole (26.6%) forAeromonas. The rates of these antibiotic resistances increased downstream from the discharge at similar degrees for the two bacterial groups; it remained at high levels for enterobacteria but decreased along the 30-km study zone for Aeromonas. Genetic analysis of representative strains demonstrated that these resistances were mostly (enterobacteria) or exclusively (Aeromonas) chromosomally mediated. Moreover, a reference strain of Aeromonas caviae (CIP 7616) could not be transformed with conjugative R plasmids of enterobacteria. Thus, the urban effluent resulted in an increase of the rates of resistance to antibiotics other than quinolones in the riverine bacterial populations, despite limited genetic exchanges between enterobacteria and Aeromonas. Quinolone resistance probably was selected by heavy antibiotic discharges of unknown origin upstream from the urban effluent.
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Krishna, M. P., Rinoy Varghese, and A. A. Mohamed Hatha. "Heavy metal tolerance and multiple drug resistance of heterotrophic bacterial isolates from metal contaminated soil." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 30, no. 1 (2012): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp12006.
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The development of multiple metal/antibiotic resistances among the bacterial population causes a potential risk to human health. Metal contamination in natural environments could have an important role in the maintenance and proliferation of antibiotic resistance. In the present study, a total of 46 heterotrophic bacterial isolates from metal contaminated soil were tested for their sensitivity to 10 widely used antibiotics such as ampicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, penicillin, amikacin, lincomycin, novobiocin, vancomycin and tetracycline. Metal tolerant ability of these isolates against five heavy metals such as lead, zinc, copper, cadmium and nickel were also determined. The results revealed that most of the bacterial isolates were resistant to one or more heavy metals/ antibiotics against which they are tested. Tolerance to heavy metal showed the following pattern; lead > zinc > nickel > copper > cadmium. Resistance to ampicillin (73.91%), penicillin (60.8%), lincomycin (43.47%) and nalidixic acid (21.73%) were encountered frequently. None of the isolates were resistant to amikacin, while resistance to gentamicin and tetracycline were low (2.17%). Out of the 46 bacterial isolates, 36 isolates showed multiple metal and antibiotic resistances. Isolate LOC 10 showed significantly high tolerance (100-300�g/mL) to all the metals and was resistant to 6 antibiotics.
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Büyükkaya Kayış, Fikret, Sadık Dinçer, Fatih Matyar, Hatice Aysun Mercimek Takcı, Melis Sümengen Özdenefe, and Afet Arkut. "Gölbaşı ve Azaplı Göllerinden (Adıyaman) İzole Edilen Bakterilerin Tiplendirilmesi ve Çoklu Antibiyotik Dirençliliklerinin Araştırılması." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (January 15, 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i1.43-47.819.
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Identification and multiple antibiotic resistances of amphicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and tetracycline resistant gram-negative bacteria that isolated microorganisms from Gölbaşı and Azaplı lakes (Adiyaman) were investigated in this study. Seasonally taken isolates of totally 386 bacteria in 10 different species from 7 genera were scanned against 16 antibiotics [gentamycin, imipenem, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, meropenem, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, penicillin, cephalothin, cefazolin, cefpirome, ceftizoxime, cefuroxime, streptomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (Bioanalyse)] by using the disc diffusion method to determine the prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance. Multiple antibiotic resistance of stations showed seasonal changes between 0.29 and 0.91. In generally, multiple antibiotic resistance in Golbasi and Azapli lakes were higher than the reference value and highest multiple antibiotic resistance values were obtained at summer season (3th period).
When the obtained data are considered, high multiple antibiotic resistance poses a risk in terms of public health and for economically important animals.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Antibiotic resistances"
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COLOMBO, STEFANO. "DISCLOSING THE PHAGE-MEDIATED ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCES IN THE FOOD CHAIN." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/487927.
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The aim of this PhD project is to evaluate the presence and the role of viruses in food related environment with particular attention on the mobilization of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). During the last three years it has been investigated samples from different food related environments in order to fully characterize the respective microbial and viral communities with a focus on the identification of ARGs in virome and microbiomes. Water from aquaculture was the first sample analyzed (i) being a matrix that has a strong direct contact with the respective food; secondly, it has been analyzed water from Lambro river (ii) since it is used in the field’s irrigation so it directly came in contact with cereals and vegetables. Last project involved the analysis of air surrounding different moment of cheesemaking production (iii). Once again the viruses present in the air could deposit on the surface of the food and they can be ingested by humans. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to study both microbes and viruses, while 16S rRNA profiling analysis completed the characterization of the bacterial community.
The three different projects showed how antibiotic resistance genes are wide spread in the viromes of different environments irrespective of the presence of associated anthropic activities. In this context, we hypothesize that the release of antibiotics molecules in the environment by the microbiota is a driving force able to maintain ARGs in the microbiome and, consequently, mobilize them in the virome. In addition, we should consider the effect of the intense environmental release of antibiotics by humans activities. For these reasons this novel approach even if really useful to collect a high amount of information on the sample, is insufficient to discriminate how ARGs have mobilized to the virome and from the virome to the microbiome. In this context, the development of mesocosms can be the turning point since this system let us to work with complex environmental samples but focusing the attention only at one variable at time as, for example, the supplementation of defined amount of antibiotics.
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Monchique, Cláudia Raquel Oliveira. "Evolução da resistência aos antibióticos em Staphylococcus spp. : 1999 a 2006." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6229.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaO género Staphylococcus tem importância a nível clínico e económico, sendo que a emergência de estirpes meticilina resistente e multirresistentes tornam-no num assunto atual em Medicina Humana e Veterinária. As 383 amostras de infeções clínicas analisadas foram recebidas pelo Laboratório de Análises Clínicas da FMV-UL ao longo de um período de 8 anos (1999-2006). O teste de susceptibilidade aos antibióticos foi realizado por difusão de disco usando 37 antibióticos. As espécies de estafilococos foram identificadas por amplificação por PCR dos respetivos genes nuc. Os genes mecA e mecC foram pesquisados por PCR. No total, 293 isolados foram resistentes a pelo menos um antibiótico (76,50%), com as maiores frequências de resistência à penicilina e ampicilina (53%). A maior percentagem de resistência a um antibiótico verificou-se em S. pseudintermedius (80,84%), seguido dos S. aureus (75%), estafilococos coagulase-negativo (ECN) (68,18%) e S. schleiferi (63,44%). Globalmente, 132 isolados foram multirresistentes (34,36%) e apenas 23,50% dos isolados foram suscetíveis a todos os antibióticos testados. A resistência aumentou com o tempo, sendo 2004 o ano com maior percentagem de isolados resistentes de estafilococos (85%). Dez isolados eram resistentes à oxacilina, mas só oito eram mecA positivo (sete ECN e um S. aureus) e nenhum foi positivo para o mecC. Os nossos resultados confirmam a elevada resistência aos antibióticos em estafilococos e ressaltam a importância de uma monitorização contínua dos padrões de resistência para ajustamento da estratégia antimicrobiana.
ABSTRACT - Evolution in antibiotics resistance in Staphylococcus spp. – 1999 a 2006 - The genus Staphylococcus has importance at clinical and economic level, with the emergence of methicillin-resistant and multiresistant strains making it a current issue in Human and Veterinary Medicine. The 383 clinical samples analyzed were received by the Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the FMV-UL over a period of 8 years (1999-2006). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion using 37 antibiotics. Staphylococcal species were identified by PCR amplification of the respective nuc gene. The mecA and mecC genes were screened by PCR. In total, 293 isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic (76,50%), with higher frequencies of resistance to penicillin and ampicillin (53%). The highest resistance to one antibiotic was found in S. pseudintermedius (80,84%) followed by S. aureus (75%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) (68,18%) and S. schleiferi (63,44%). Overall, 132 isolates were multidrug resistant (34,46%) and only 23,50% of the isolates were susceptible to all the antibiotics tested. Resistance increased over time, with the highest level observed in 2004 (85%). Ten isolates were resistant to oxacilin, but only 8 were mecA-positive (seven CNS and one S. aureus) and none was mecC-positive. Our results confirmed that antimicrobial resistance is very frequent in staphylococci, and highlights the importance of a continuous monitoring of the resistance patterns for adjustment of antimicrobial strategy.
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Schmidt, K. "Evaluation of new diagnostic technologies for rapid detection of urinary pathogens and their antibiotic resistances." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/66564/.
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Background: Most urinary tract infections (UTIs) are trivial; but complicated UTIs are a growing reason for hospitalisation in the UK, and are among the commonest sources of sepsis. Increasing resistance among uropathogens complicates treatment and drives wider empirical use of previously-reserved antibiotics. Rapid precise detection of pathogens and resistances, without culture, might better guide early therapy in deteriorating UTI patients. Methods: Two approaches were evaluated: i) MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for direct identification of pathogens from urine together with multiplex, tandem PCR (MT-PCR) for resistance gene profiling. MALDI-TOF was also explored for rapid detection of β-lactamase activity in bacteria harvested from urine; ii) MinION sequencing for bacterial and resistance gene identification, again directly from urine. As background, an epidemiological surveillance of uropathogens from the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital in July and November 2014 was performed. Results: Direct MALDI-TOF on urines could achieve rapid bacterial identification within 1.5 h and also allowed direct detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) activity. MT-PCR showed satisfactory results in detecting the commonest resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae directly from urines and cultivated isolates within 3 h. Weaker association was found between streptomycin resistance and aadA1/A2/A3 genes. Fluoroquinolone-susceptible and -resistant Escherichia coli were distinguished by the melting temperatures of their gyrA product. MinION sequencing correctly identified uropathogens and their resistances in all urine samples within < 5 h, without culture. Acquired resistance genes agreed with resistance phenotypes and closely matched Illumina sequencing, albeit with poor discrimination within some β-lactamase families (e.g. blaTEM). Epidemiological surveillance showed E. coli predominant in all age groups and location types, with high resistance rates to amoxicillin and trimethoprim. Conclusion: Either a MALDI-TOF plus PCR or a sequencing approach could significantly shorten the time required for microbiological investigation of urosepsis, allowing clinicians to adjust therapy before the second dose of a typical (i.e. q8h) antibiotic.
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Sutera, Vivien. "Francisella et antibio-resistance : aspects génétiques, phénotypiques et cliniques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV064/document.
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Francisella tularensis est une bactérie à Gram négatif intracellulaire facultative, agent causal de la tularémie. Cette zoonose est induite principalement par deux sous espèces : F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A) et F. tularensis subsp. holarctica (type B) retrouvées respectivement en Amérique du Nord et dans tout l’hémisphère Nord. Cette seconde sous espèce, moins virulente que la première induit majoritairement des formes cliniques de sévérité moyenne à modérée dites ganglionnaires. Leur traitement est basé sur l’utilisation des antibiotiques de la classe des fluoroquinolones ou des tetracyclines, l’utilisation des aminosides étant réservée aux formes graves. Les adénopathies évoluent cependant souvent vers la suppuration et la chronicité (20 à 40% des cas), malgré l’administration d’un traitement antibiotique adapté.Les travaux réalisés visent à étudier l’hypothèse de l’émergence de la résistance bactérienne chez Francisella, expliquant ces échecs thérapeutiques. Ils sont basés sur le développement et l’étude d’un modèle d’évolution in vitro de la bactérie en présence de ciprofloxacine, une fluoroquinolone. Nos travaux ont confirmé la capacité de la bactérie à évoluer vers un haut niveau de résistance à ces antibiotiques, corrélée à l’accumulation de mutations dans les gènes codant pour les topoïsomérases de type II. De plus, nous avons observé la présence sur l’ensemble des souches de F. tularensis subsp. holarctica d’un niveau de résistance cliniquement significatif induit par des mutations modifiant la sous-unité GyrA de l’ADN gyrase sur les acides aminés en position 83 et 87. La recherche de ce marqueur dans des prélèvements de patient en échec thérapeutique suite à divers traitements antibiotiques s’est avérée infructueuse.Après avoir vérifié l’action de l’antibiotique sur les bactéries dans le compartiment intracellulaire (fibroblates), nous avons recherché les autres mutations induites lors de l’évolution de Francisella en présence de fluoroquinolones. Cette étude a permis l’implication de plusieurs systèmes de transports transmembranaires dans la résistance antibiotique. Nous avons également révélé l’existence d’une seconde cible majeure impliquée dans le métabolisme du fer de la bactérie. L’altération de cette cible (FupA/B) en plus d’être associée à une augmentation de la résistance aux fluoroquinolones est corrélée à une forte diminution de la capacité de la bactérie à se multiplier dans les cellules phagocytairesFrancisella tularensis is a gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium, causing tularemia. This zoonosis is mainly related to two subspecies: F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A) and F. tularensis subsp. holarctica (type B) in North America and throughout the Northern Hemisphere, respectively. Infections with this second subspecies, less virulent than the first one, predominantly induce glandular clinical forms of mild to moderate severity. Their treatment is based on antibiotherapy using a fluoroquinolone or a tetracycline. The use of aminoglycosides is reserved for severe clinical forms. The lymph nodes infection, however, often become chronic (20 to 40% of cases), despite administration of an appropriate antibiotic treatment.The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis of the emergence of bacterial resistance in Francisella, which could explain treatment failures. It is based on the development and study of an in vitro evolutionary experiment of the bacterium in the presence of ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone. Our work confirmed the bacterium's ability to evolve towards a high-level of resistance to fluoroquinolones, this evolution being correlated with the accumulation of mutations in the genes encoding for type II topoisomerases. In addition, we observed in all strains of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica resistant to fluoroquinolones at a clinically significant level, the presence of mutations altering the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase at amino acids positions 83 and 87. The research of this marker in clinical samples from patients with treatment failure following appropriate antibiotic treatment was however unsuccessful.After checking the action of antibiotics on bacteria internalized in the intracellular compartment in fibroblast cells, we looked for other mutations induced during the evolution of Francisella to resistance to fluoroquinolones. This study unveiled the involvement of several transmembrane transport systems in antibiotic resistance. We also revealed the existence of a second major target involved in Francisella iron metabolism. The alteration of this target (FupA/B), in addition to being associated with an increase in fluoroquinolone resistance, is correlated with a sharp decrease in the ability of the bacteria to multiply in phagocytic cells
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Dodgen, Taylor L. "Escherichia coli and Antibiotic Resistance to Tetracycline Antibiotics." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2008. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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Lee, Henry Hung-Yi. "A systems approach to the evolution of antibiotic resistance." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/31582.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
Antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains continually arise and their increasing prevalence poses significant clinical and societal challenges. Functional analyses of resistant mutants and the study of general stress responses perturbed by antibiotic treatment have yielded valuable insights into how resistance arises through mutations. However, less is known about the population dynamics and communal interactions that underlie the development of resistance through mutations. In this work, we utilize systems approaches to study the functional dynamics of bacterial populations evolving antibiotic resistance. We follow a continuous culture of Escherichia coli facing increasing levels of antibiotic and show that the vast majority of isolates are less resistant than the population as a whole. We find that the few highly resistant mutants improve the survival of the populations less resistant constituents, in part, by producing indole, a signaling molecule generated by actively growing and unstressed cells. We show, through transcriptional profiling, that indole serves to turn on drug efflux pumps and oxidative stress protective mechanisms. The indole production comes at a fitness cost to the highly resistant isolates, and wholegenome sequencing reveals that this bacterial altruism is enabled by drug-resistance mutations unrelated to indole production. This work establishes a population-based resistance mechanism constituting a form of kin selection whereby a small number of resistant mutants can, at some cost to themselves, provide protection to other more vulnerable cells, enhancing the survival capacity of the overall population in stressful environments. Deeper studies into cooperative strategies bacteria use to evade antibiotics may prove critical for the rational design of more effective antimicrobial interventions.
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Shadoud, Lubana. "Approches moléculaires de l'épidémiologie de la légionellose et de la résistance aux antibiotiques chez Legionella pneumophila." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV008/document.
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Legionella pneumophila est une bactérie à Gram négatif, intracellulaire facultative, responsable de la légionellose (ou maladie des Légionnaires) chez l'Homme. Les fluoroquinolones et les macrolides sont utilisés en première intention dans le traitement antibiotique de cette maladie. Cependant, les échecs thérapeutiques sont fréquents, et le taux de mortalité demeure élevé (10-15% des cas, plus de 30% chez le patient immunodéprimé). Bien qu'aucune souche de L. pneumophila résistante à ces antibiotiques n'ait été isolée à ce jour, ces échecs peuvent faire évoquer la possibilité d'une sélection in vivo de mutants résistants. Le mécanisme génétique principal d'acquisition de la résistance aux fluoroquinolones correspond à l'accumulation de mutations au niveau des gènes codant pour l'ADN gyrase et la topoisomérase IV ; en particulier celles affectant les codons en positions 83 et 87 du QRDR (quinolone resistance determining region) du gène gyrA entrainent une résistance de haut niveau à ces antibiotiques. Le première aspect de notre projet était d'élaborer un test de PCR en temps réel permettant de détecter chez L. pneumophila des mutants gyrA résistants aux fluoroquinolones et de les différencier des souches sauvages par analyse des températures de fusion des amplifias obtenus. Après optimisation, ce test nommé qPCRgyrALp amplifie spécifiquement une portion du QRDR du gène gyrA de l'espèce L. pneumophila et permet de détecter et de différencier les mutations gyrA83 et gyrA87. Nous avons ensuite utilisé ce test pour la recherche de mutants gyrA directement dans divers prélèvements respiratoires provenant de 82 patients atteints de légionellose, certains en échec thérapeutique après traitement par une fluoroquinolone. Les résultats ont montré pour quatre patients un profil de courbe de fusion semblable à celui du mutant gyrA83. Le séquençage du QRDR de gyrA à partir de ces prélèvements respiratoires a confirmé cette mutation chez deux patients. L'utilisation de la technique de séquençage à haut débit a permis de quantifier ces mutants gyrA83 chez ces deux patients, permettant de montrer un remplacement progressif in vivo de la population de L. pneumophila sensible aux fluoroquinolones par une population résistante à ces antibiotiques. Le deuxième aspect de notre travail a été de développer des tests de PCR quantitative en temps réel (qPCR) permettant de quantifier la charge bactérienne à L. pneumophila dans les prélèvements cliniques des patients infectés, avant et au cours du traitement antibiotique, dans la but de prédire l'évolution clinique et le pronostic final de ces patients. Nous avons utilisé deux tests de qPCR, ciblant soit le gène codant pour l'ARNr16s (qPCR16S) soit le gène mip (qPCRmip) dans des prélèvements respiratoires de 116 patients atteints de légionellose. Chez certains patients, nous avons pu déterminer la cinétique de la charge bactérienne au cours du temps, alors que les patients recevaient une antibiothérapie adaptée. Les premières cinétiques recueillies montrent la possibilité de différencier les patients qui répondent rapidement au traitement antibiotique et évoluent favorablement au cours de la 1ère semaine d'hospitalisation, de ceux qui présentent une réponse modeste au traitement et nécessitent une hospitalisation prolongée, voire décèdent. La PCR en temps réel semble donc représenter un outil pronostique d'intérêt au cours de la légionellose. Le type de cinétique observé chez un patient donné semble pouvoir prédire l'évolution des patients et la nécessité d'ajuster le traitement antibiotiqueLegionella pneumophila is a Gram- negative, facultative intracellular bacterium responsible for legionellosis (or Legionnaires' disease ) in humans. The fluoroquinolones and the macrolides are used as first-line antibiotic treatment of this disease. However, treatment failures are common, and the mortality rates remain high (10-15 % of cases, more than 30% in immunocompromised patients). Although L. pneumophila strain resistant to these antibiotics have never been isolated, treatment failures may suggest the possibility of in vivo selection of resistant mutants. The main genetic mechanisms associated with acquired resistance to fluoroquinolones correspond to the accumulation of mutations in the genes encoding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, especially those affecting codons 83 and 87 of the QRDR (quinolone resistance determining region) of the gyrA gene, which are associated with high level resistance to these antibiotics. The first aspect of our project was to develop a real-time PCR test to detect gyrA QRDR mutants and differentiate them from wild-type strains of L. pneumophila by analysis of melting temperatures of the amplified DNA. After optimization, the qPCRgyrALp test specifically amplified a portion of the gyrA QRDR of L. pneumophila and could detect and differentiate gyrA83 and gyrA87 mutations. Then, we checked the presence of gyrA mutants directly in respiratory samples collected in 82 legionellosis patients, including some after treatment failure with a fluoroquinolone. For four patients, results corresponded to a melting curve profile similar to that of the gyrA83 mutant. Amplification and sequencing of the gyrA QRDR directly from these respiratory samples confirmed this mutation in two patients. The use of high-throughput sequencing technology allowed us to quantify the gyrA83 mutants in these two patients, allowing demonstration of in vivo gradual replacement of the fluoroquinolones susceptible population of L. pneumophila by a resistant one. The second aspect of our work was to develop quantitative real-time PCR tests offering the possibility to quantify the L. pneumophila bacterial load in respiratory specimens before and during antibiotic treatment, in order to predict the clinical course and the final prognosis of these patients. We used two qPCR tests, either targeting the gene encoding 16S rRNA (qPCR16S ) or the mip gene (qPCRmip ) in respiratory samples from 116 patients with Legionnaires' disease. In some patients, we determined the kinetics of bacterial loads over time, while patients received appropriate antibiotic therapy. The kinetics we observed allowed differentiation of patients who respond quickly to antibiotic treatment and were released from hospital within the first week following admission, from those with a modest response to treatment and requiring prolonged hospitalization or finally died. Thus, our real-time PCR tests seem to be good prognostic tools for evaluation of legionellosis prognosis. The type of kinetics observed in a given patient may allow the clinician to predict the evolution of patients and the need to adjust the antibiotic treatment
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DeSilva, Malini. "Efficacy of Print Media Risk Communication About Antibiotic Resistance." Thesis, Boston College, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/427.
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Thesis advisor: Roche P. JohnThe growing threat of antibiotic resistance makes it extremely important that citizens be informed about the risks posed by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and measures with which they can reduce these risks. The print media are major sources of such information for members of the public. In the present study, articles from major newspapers in the United States and Canada appearing between 1998 and 2002 were surveyed to determine the extent to which mention was made of antibiotic resistance and the risks associated with antibiotic resistance, the contextual precision with which this information was communicated, and the extent to which information was presented about causes, and risk-reduction measures, associated with antibiotic resistance. The majority of articles surveyed mentioned antibiotic resistance, but most failed to mention associated risks (i.e., the risk of illness and/or the risk of mortality). Articles that did report risks, did so only at a low level of contextual precision. A relatively low percentage of articles mentioned causes of antibiotic resistance, and even fewer mentioned risk reduction measures. These findings suggest that the print media could improve the efficacy with which they inform the public about issues associated with antibiotic resistance
Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2003
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Biology
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Millar, Michael. "Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance : what do we owe to each other?" Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4780/.
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There is a tension between the need to use antibiotics to prevent adverse outcomes from infection, and a consequence of their use, which is antibiotic (treatment) resistant infection. Actions taken to control the spread of antibiotic resistant microbes, and constraints on the use of antibiotics both give rise to ethical tensions. I consider the evaluative framework and the principles that might be used to decide a just distribution of burdens and benefits associated with the use of antibiotics. Nussbaum specifies a list of capabilities. A minimum sufficiency of each capability is required for a life of human dignity. Nussbaum’s approach provides a richer framework for the evaluation of the distribution of burdens and benefits associated with the use of antibiotics than prevailing health economic, or prevalence of disease measures. There are contexts in which we cannot assure a sufficiency of capabilities. I consider the potential for Scanlon’s contractualism to provide principles for deciding the distribution of burdens and benefits associated with the use of antibiotics under differing levels of resource constraint. Finally I consider the influence of metaphor and analogy in the context of the human relationship with microbes.
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Fisher, Morgane, (Dennison) Jaime Thomas, and Danielle Weimann. "Effects of an Educational Intervention on Parental Knowledge Regarding Antibiotic Resistance." The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624276.
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Class of 2008 AbstractObjectives: To evaluate changes in parental knowledge regarding antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance with an educational intervention given at elementary school parent-teacher association (PTA) meetings. Methods: This was an analytical pre-test/post-test study of an educational intervention given at two elementary schools in the Phoenix metro area. The primary dependent variable was a knowledge measure, calculated as a total score. The changes between the pre- and post-test total score means were compared using a dependent t-test. The a-priori alpha level used was 0.05. Results: The study sample consisted of 25 participants. Study data were collected between September 2007 and December 2007. The mean (SD) pre- and post-test scores were 33.7 (4.4) and 40.7 (2.7), respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The educational intervention presented at elementary school PTA meetings resulted in a significant knowledge increase regarding the appropriate use of antibiotics when pre- and post-test scores were compared.
Books on the topic "Antibiotic resistances"
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Sköld, Ola. Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118075609.
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Hays, Virgil W. Antibiotics for animals: The antibiotic-resistance issue. Ames, Iowa: Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, 1989.
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Coates, Anthony R. M., ed. Antibiotic Resistance. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28951-4.
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United States. Food and Drug Administration. Office of Women's Health., ed. Antibiotic resistance. [Rockville, MD?]: FDA Office of Women's Health, 2007.
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Gillespie, Stephen H., and Timothy D. McHugh, eds. Antibiotic Resistance Protocols. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-279-7.
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Gillespie, Stephen H., ed. Antibiotic Resistance Protocols. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7638-6.
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The antibiotic paradox: How the misuse of antibiotics destroys their curative power. 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Pub., 2002.
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Gould, Ian M., and Jos WM van der Meer, eds. Antibiotic Policies: Fighting Resistance. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70841-6.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Antibiotic resistances"
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Spigaglia, Patrizia, Paola Mastrantonio, and Fabrizio Barbanti. "Antibiotic Resistances of Clostridium difficile." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 137–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72799-8_9.
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Elwell, Lynn P. "R Plasmids and Antibiotic Resistances." In Molecular Genetics of Bacterial Pathogenesis, 17–41. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818340.ch2.
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Kak, Vivek, and Joseph W. Chow. "Acquired Antibiotic Resistances in Enterococci." In The Enterococci, 355–83. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817923.ch9.
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Spigaglia, Patrizia, Paola Mastrantonio, and Fabrizio Barbanti. "Antibiotic Resistances of Clostridioides difficile." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 169–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42108-2_9.
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Millar, Michael. "A Capability Perspective on Antibiotic Resistance, Inequality, and Child Development." In Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health, 225–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27874-8_14.
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Abstract Nussbaum’s capability theory by drawing attention to multiple determinants of wellbeing provides a rich and relevant evaluative space for framing antibiotic resistance. I consider the implications of antibiotic resistance for child development and adult capabilities. There are common risk factors for childhood growth stunting and the spread of infectious diseases in both antibiotic sensitive and resistant forms. The interaction between infectious diseases, antibiotic resistance and growth stunting illustrates a clustering of disadvantage. The control of antibiotic resistance requires wide-ranging cooperative action. Cooperation is predicated on an expectation of equitable access to effective antibiotics. This expectation is confounded by inequality both in access to antibiotics, and in the risk that available antibiotics will be ineffective. Securing child development (and adult capabilities) requires that inequalities both in access to antibiotics and in risk factors for the dissemination and transmission of antibiotic resistance are addressed. Inequality undermines the cooperative activity that is control of infectious diseases and compounds the threat to the securing of capabilities that arises from antibiotic resistance.
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Villa, T. G., L. Feijoo-Siota, JL R. Rama, A. Sánchez-Pérez, and M. Viñas. "Horizontal Gene Transfer Between Bacteriophages and Bacteria: Antibiotic Resistances and Toxin Production." In Horizontal Gene Transfer, 97–142. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21862-1_3.
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Littmann, Jasper, Annette Rid, and Alena Buyx. "Tackling Anti-microbial Resistance: An Ethical Framework for Rational Antibiotic Use." In Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health, 321–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27874-8_20.
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Abstract To reduce the effect of antimicrobial resistance and preserve antibiotic effectiveness, clinical practice guidelines and health policy documents call for the “rational use” of antibiotics that aims to avoid unnecessary or minimally effective antibiotic prescriptions. In this paper, we show that rational use programmes can lead to ethical conflicts because they place some patients at risk of harm – for example, a delayed switch to second-line antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia is associated with increased fatality rates. Implementing the rational use of antibiotics can therefore lead to conflicts between promoting patients’ clinical interests and preserving antibiotic effectiveness for future use. The resulting ethical dilemma for clinicians, patients and policy makers has so far not been adequately addressed. We argue that existing guidance for acceptable risks in clinical research can help to define risk thresholds for the rational use of antibiotics. We develop an ethical framework that allows clinicians and policy-makers to evaluate policies for rational antibiotic use in six practical steps.
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Safari-Sinegani, Ali-Akbar, Mehdi Rashtbari, Nayereh Younessi, and Babak Mashkoori. "Antibiotics and Microbial Antibiotic Resistance in Soil." In Bacterial Adaptation to Co-resistance, 211–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8503-2_11.
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Shlaes, David M. "Resistance." In Antibiotics, 15–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9057-7_3.
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Marathe, Nachiket P., and Michael S. Bank. "The Microplastic-Antibiotic Resistance Connection." In Microplastic in the Environment: Pattern and Process, 311–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78627-4_9.
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AbstractMicroplastic pollution is a big and rapidly growing environmental problem. Although the direct effects of microplastic pollution are increasingly studied, the indirect effects are hardly investigated, especially in the context of spreading of disease and antibiotic resistance genes, posing an apparent hazard for human health. Microplastic particles provide a hydrophobic surface that provides substrate for attachment of microorganisms and readily supports formation of microbial biofilms. Pathogenic bacteria such as fish pathogens Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., and opportunistic human pathogens like Escherichia coli are present in these biofilms. Moreover, some of these pathogens are shown to be multidrug resistant. The presence of microplastics is known to enhance horizontal gene transfer in bacteria and thus, may contribute to dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Microplastics can also adsorb toxic chemicals like antibiotics and heavy metals, which are known to select for antibiotic resistance. Microplastics may, thus, serve as vectors for transport of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in the aquatic environment. In this book chapter, we provide background information on microplastic biofouling (“plastisphere concept”), discuss the relationship between microplastic and antibiotic resistance, and identify knowledge gaps and directions for future research.
Conference papers on the topic "Antibiotic resistances"
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Niyonshuti, Eric, Zacharia Waithaka Ng’ang’a, Özer Hakan Bayraktar, and Figen Kırkpınar. "Antibiotic Free Poultry Production-Focus on Antimicrobial Resistance, Challenges, and Alternatives." In 6th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2022.008.
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Antibiotics play a huge role in poultry production as they are used to treat clinical diseases, to prevent and control common diseases and to enhance animal growth. However, misuse of antibiotics over time has led to the development of antimicrobial resistance in both animals and humans. Therefore, antibiotic free production of poultry has been on an increase in line with consumers’ preference for the same. However, a ban on antibiotics places a heavy burden on disease control and production costs of poultry. It also creates a need for alternatives whereby major companies have developed products like probiotics and essential oils in order to reduce the need for antibiotics in poultry production. The aim of this review is to highlight the journey towards antibiotic-free poultry production, role of antibiotics in the development of resistance, challenges encountered and alternatives used in antibiotic free production. In conclusion, this article recommends that antibiotics should not be completely banned due to poultry welfare issues. However, antibiotics should be used by trained personnel to only treat and control diseases.
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Khudadad, Hanan, and Lukman Thalib. "Antibiotics Prescription Patterns in Primary Health Care in Qatar – A Population based study from 2017 to 2018." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0169.
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Background: Antibiotics are antimicrobial drugs used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. They played a pivotal role in achieving major advances in medicine and surgery (1). Yet, due to increased and inappropriate use of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance (AR) has become a growing public health problem. Information on antibiotic prescription patterns are vital in developing a constructive approach to deal with growing antibiotic resistance (2). The study aims to describe the population based antibiotic prescriptions among patients attending primary care centers in Qatar. Methodology: A population based observational study of all medications prescribed in the all Primary Health Care Centers during the period of 2017-2018 in Qatar. Records with all medication prescriptions were extracted and linked to medical diagnosis. Antibiotics prescriptions records were compared to non- antibiotics records using logistic regression model in identifying the potential predictors for antibiotic prescriptions. Results: A total of 11,069,439 medication prescriptions given over a period of two-years, we found about 12.1% (n= 726,667) antibiotics prescriptions were antibiotics, and 65% of antibiotics are prescribed and received by the patients at the first visits. Paracetamol (22.3%) was the first highest medication prescribed followed by antibiotics (12.1 %) and vitamin D2 (10.2 %). More than half of all antibiotics prescribed during the period of January 2017 to December 2018 were Penicillin (56.9%). We found that half of the antibiotics (49.3 %) have been prescribed for the respiratory system comparing to the other body system. We found that males were 29% more likely be given an antibiotic compared to females (OR=1.29, 95% CI= 1.24- 1.33). Implications: The study provides a baseline data to enable PHCC management to design effective intervention program to address the problem of antibiotics resistance. Furthermore, it will help the policymakers to comprehend the size of the issue and develop a system to manage the antibiotics therapy. Conclusion: Antibiotics was the second highest medication prescribed in the Primary Health Care Centers in Qatar after paracetamol and most of the patients received it at the first visit. Most of the prescriptions in Primary Health Care Centers in Qatar were for the respiratory system, and Penicillin was the highest class prescribed. Male visitors were prescribed antibiotics more than female visitors.
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Vasić, Katja, Mateja Primožič, Mislav Trbušić, Viktor Goričan, Marko Jesenik, Anton Hamler, Željko Knez, Yilmaz Yürekli, and Maja Leitgeb. "Magnetic Field as a Tool for Enhancing β -Lactamase Activity." In International Conference on Technologies & Business Models for Circular Economy. University of Maribor Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fkkt.1.2024.11.
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β-Lactam antibiotics have been extensively employed in bacterial treatment ever since penicillin's groundbreaking discovery. Despite the proliferation of antibiotics in the pharmaceutical sector today, bacteria often evolve defense mechanisms. Chief among these is the production of β-lactamase enzymes, which degrade β-lactam antibiotics, representing a prevalent form of antibiotic resistance. Additionally, these antibiotics exhibit limited biodegradability, with only 20% breaking down naturally. Hence, finding effective methods to mitigate the presence of β-lactam antibiotics is crucial in combating antibiotic pollution.
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Malancea, Nicolae, and Nicolae Starciuc. "Date statistice privind consumul de antibiotice utilizate în creșterea păsărilor din Republica Moldova." In Scientific and practical conference with international participation: "Management of the genetic fund of animals – problems, solutions, outlooks". Scientific Practical Institute of Biotechnologies in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61562/mgfa2023.56.
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The development of antimicrobial resistance is closely related to the consumption of antibiotics in poultry, with the increase in the use of antibiotics, the incidence of antimicrobial resistance also increases, therefore it is important to monitor and verify the effectiveness of the antibiotics used in poultry farming. The probability of antibiotic treatment failure rises as a result of the transfer of resistance genes from poultry to people. Both human and animal welfare have benefited from the usage of antibiotics. However, improper use of antibiotics in any sector leads to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microorganisms that have negative health effects on both people and animals. It is well known that more than 50% of all antibiotics produced globally are used in animal production, both therapeutically and non-therapeutically. This study documents antibiotic usage in poultry farming with specific focus on the role of poultry production in the development of antimicrobial resistance pathogens. The market of veterinary medicines, including antibiotics, in the Republic of Moldova is mainly covered by imports. Thus, about 87% of the antibiotics that can be used in poultry farming are imported and only 13% from local production. Another important aspect with reference to antibiotics used in poultry farming is the fact that about 21% of antibiotics are part of category B (the group of antibiotics that are of critical importance in human medicine), according to the classification of AntiMicrobial Expert Group. Therefore inappropriate use of antibiotics from this category represent an increased risk to human health.
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Tikhomirov, Savva V., and Elena A. Sazonova. "Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in animal products." In Агропромышленный комплекс: проблемы и перспективы развития. Благовещенск: Дальневосточный государственный аграрный университет, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22450/9785964205494_3_30.
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Eltai, Nahla Omer, Hadi M. Yassine, Sara H. Al-Hadidi, Tahra ElObied, Asmaa A. Al Thani, and Walid Q. Alali. "Retail Chicken Carcasses as a Reservoir of Antimicrobial- Resistant Escherichia coli." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0115.
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The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria has been associated with the inappropriate use of antibiotics in both humans and animals and with the consumption of food contaminated with resistant bacteria. In particular, the use of antibiotics as prophylactic and growth promotion purposes in food-producing animals has rendered many of the antibiotics ineffective. The increased global prevalence of AMR poses a significant threat to the safety of the world’s food supply. Objectives: This study aims at determining the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from local and imported retail chicken meat in Qatar. Methodology: A total of 270 whole chicken carcasses were obtained from three different hypermarket stores in Qatar. A total of 216 E. coli were isolated and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing against 18 relevant antibiotics using disc diffusion and micro- dilution methods. Furthermore, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was determined via a double-disc synergetic test. Isolates harboring colistin resistance were confirmed using multiplex-PCR and DNA sequencing. Results: Nearly 89% (192/216) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotics. In general, isolates showed relatively higher resistance to sulfamethoxazole (62%), tetracycline (59.7%), ampicillin and trimethoprim (52.3%), ciprofloxacin (47.7%), cephalothin, and colistin (31.9%). On the other hand, less resistance was recorded against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (6%), ceftriaxone (5.1%), nitrofurantoin (4.2%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (4.2%), cefepime (2.3%), meropenem (1.4%), ertapenem (0.9%), and amikacin (0.9%). Nine isolates (4.2%) were ESBL producers. Furthermore, 63.4% were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The percentage of MDR, ESBL producers, and colistin-resistant isolates was significantly higher among local isolates compared to imported chicken samples. Conclusion: We reported a remarkably high percentage of the antibiotic-resistant E. coli in chicken meat sold at retail in Qatar. The high percentage of MDR and colistin isolates is troublesome to the food safety of raw chicken meat and the potential of antibiotic resistance spread to public health. Our findings support the need for the implementation of one health approach to address the spread of antimicrobial resistance and the need for a collaborative solution.
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Pečan, Luka Irenej, Francisco-Righoberto Barrios, and Jeran Marko. "Cannabinoid Molecules from Cannabis Sativa L. as a Promissing Solution for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)." In Socratic Lectures 8. University of Lubljana Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2023.i15.
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Scientists are working to develop new types of antibiotics to combat the growing problem of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. One potential source of these new drugs is the plant Cannabis sativa L., which has been used for medical purposes for centuries. The beneficial properties of this plant are mainly due to the presence of compounds called cannabinoids. Researchers are currently exploring the use of cannabinoids to treat various infections, although they are mainly known for their psychoactive effects. Some studies have shown that certain cannabinoids can be effective against harmful bacteria including those that are resistant to common antibiotics. In addition, a combination of different antibiotics has been shown to be more effective than a single antibiotic. Keywords: Cannabis sativa L.; Cannabinoids; Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA); Antibiotics; Bacteria; Biological activity
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V.E., Kuskaeva. "ANTIBIOTICS IN AGRICULTURE." In OF THE ANNIVERSARY Х INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE «INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION» («ITSE 2022» CONFERENCE). DSTU-Print, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itse.2022.103-106.
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In recent years, the problem of antibiotic resistance has become more and more relevant. The trend of development of this problem is gaining momentum due to many different factors, but it is difficult to imagine life without antibiotics today. We need to learn how to use antibiotics properly to avoid further problems.
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Terekhova, M. I., E. V. Rogacheva, I. A. Derevyanchenko, and L. A. Kraeva. "WHOLE-GENOME SEQUENCING-BASED ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PROFILE OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES STRAINS FROM SAINT-PETERSBURG AND THE VOLOGDA REGION." In Molecular Diagnostics and Biosafety. Federal Budget Institute of Science 'Central Research Institute for Epidemiology', 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/978-5-9900432-9-9-109.
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The increasing number of antibiotic-resistant isolates of L. monocytogenes is required to establish a genotypic resistance profile to ensure appropriate antibiotic therapy of listeriosis. In this study, whole-genome sequencing and de novo assembly was performed on L. monocytogenes strains from St. Petersburg and the Vologda region. We obtained the MLST ST, phylogenetic lineage and PCR-serogroups in silico for isolates under the study, revealed genes and mutations associated with antibiotic resistance. In general, the genetic composition was similar between the strains from different regions and included a wide range of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Listeria strains possessed genes that code for resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and macrolides, — classes that are commonly used in the treatment of listeria infection. The present study is important in the sanitary and epidemiological surveillance of listeriosis in Russia.
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MAJEED, Huda Zuheir, Firas Nabeeh JAAFAR, Mohammed Twfeek ABID ALHUSAIN, Shatha Zuheir MAJEED, and Nadia Kamil BASHAR. "THE ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF GREEN TEA EXTRACT ON RESISTANT BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM HUMAN EYE INFECTIONS." In IV.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Appliedand Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress4-28.
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Ocular infection is a world wide issue especially for public health field which could be a result to its own normal flora due to subjection to external factors (e.g. stress, getting older, hits, surgical operations, systemic diseases and losing commensal flora). Ocular pathogens could be healed by a group of topical antibiotics, but with time, drug resistance had been developed, which more magnified by wrong diagnosis and random use of antibiotics leading to unexpected complications e.g. visual problems, leading to blindness at last . Alternative therapy had been used to treat such infections including plant extracts like Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) . Eye swabs about (50) samples were gathered from people had ocular infections,then biochemical tests diagnosed (30) bacterial isolates. There were (17) isolates (6 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. and 11 isolates were Enterococcus) out of the (30) isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance to nine antibiotics by disc-diffusion method,there were high complete resistance to Moxifloxacin and Bacitracin, in contrast to Ciprofloxacin and Chloramphenicol. The antibacterial effects of hot water, cold water,Acetone, Ethanol and Methanol Green tea extracts was examined against the (17) multiple antibiotic resistant isolates by agar-well diffusion method using. Only the Ethanol and Methanol green tea extract showed promising results, without any effect of the remaining green tea extracts. Green tea extracts were equal to Ciprofloxacin and Sulphamethoxazole in effectiveness against antibiotic resistant isolates . The (17) isolates were tested for production of biofilm and protease. (12) isolates were biofilm-producer but after subjection to Ethanol Green tea extract changed into non biofilmformer. (13) isolate were protease-producer but after subjection to Ethanol Green tea extract changed into non protease-former. Key words: Eye Swabs, Antibiotic Resistance, Alternative Therapy, Green Tea Extracts, Biofilm and Protease.
Reports on the topic "Antibiotic resistances"
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Peñaloza, Blanca. Which interventions can improve antibiotic prescription in ambulatory setting? SUPPORT, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/11080608.
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The unnecessary use of antibiotics in the ambulatory setting can produce increased antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens. This increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has led to the use of more expensive and broad spectrum antibiotics, contributing to increasing health care costs. Numerous strategies to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics have been implemented by investigators and organizations at the clinician, patient and organization level.
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Wierup, Martin, Helene Wahlström, and Björn Bengtsson. How disease control and animal health services can impact antimicrobial resistance. A retrospective country case study of Sweden. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/bull.2021.nf.3167.
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Data and experiences in Sweden show that it is possible to combine high productivity in animal production with the restricted use of antibiotics. The major key factors that explain Sweden’s success in preventing AMR are: Swedish veterinary practitioners were aware of the risk of AMR as early as the 1950s, and the need for prudent use of antibiotics was already being discussed in the 1960s. Early establishment of health services and health controls to prevent, control and, when possible, eradicate endemic diseases reduced the need for antibiotics. Access to data on antibiotic sales and AMR made it possible to focus on areas of concern. State veterinary leadership provided legal structures and strategies for cooperation between stakeholders and facilitated the establishment of coordinated animal health services that are industry-led, but supported by the State.
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Melander, Christian. Chemical Countermeasures for Antibiotic Resistance. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada562202.
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Melander, Christian, Roberta J. Worthington, Tyler L. Harris, Andrew Yeagley, Zhaoming Su, Robert Furlani, Lingling Peng, et al. Chemical Countermeasures for Antibiotic Resistance. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada599268.
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Gupta, Shweta. Antibiotic Resistance: A Threat to Global Health. Edited by Science Repository. Science Repository OÜ, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/sr.blog.06.
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Maltz, Lauren. Bacterial Enzymes and Antibiotic Resistance- Oral Presentation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1213182.
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Pikkemaat, M. G., H. Yassin, H. J. Fels-Klerx, and B. J. A. Berendsen. Antibiotic residues and resistance in the environment. Wageningen: RIKILT Wageningen UR, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/388253.
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Top, Eva M., and Ben Ridenhour. Persistence of Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids in Biofilms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada614277.
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Top, Eva M., and Silvia E. Smith. Persistence of Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids in Biofilms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada615372.
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Jeffrey Paer, Jeffrey Paer. Antibiotic Resistance: Between the Environment and Our Bodies. Experiment, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/3432.
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