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1
Tisa, Louis S., Matthew S. Chval, Glenn D. Krumholz, and Joel Richards. "Antibiotic resistance patterns ofFrankiastrains." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 9 (December 18, 1999): 1257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-067.
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A major hurdle in the development of a genetic system for Frankia is the lack of genetic markers. To identify potential genetic markers, 12 strains of Frankia were screened for resistance to antibiotics by the use of a growth inhibition assay. All of the strains demonstrated sensitivity to tested antibiotics. Several strains had distinctive patterns of antibiotic resistance that are potentially useful as genetic markers. Novobiocin was the antibiotic to which the most strains were resistant.Key words: genetics, genetic markers, Frankia, actinorhizal, nitrogen fixation, vesicles.
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Simoes, Jose A., Alla A. Aroutcheva, Ira Heimler, and Sebastian Faro. "Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Group B Streptococcal Clinical Isolates." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 12, no. 1 (2004): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10647440410001722269.
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Objectives:To determine thein vitroresistance of group B streptococcus (GBS) to 12 antibiotics. To determine if there has been any decrease in sensitivity to the penicillins or other antibiotics currently used for GBS chemoprophylaxis in pregnant women. Find suitable alternative antibiotics to penicillin. Find an antibiotic that will have minimal selective pressure for resistance among the endogenous resident vaginal microflora.Methods:The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of 52 clinical isolates of GBS were evaluated to 12 antibiotics: ampicillin, azithromycin, cefamandole, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, nitrofurantoin, ofloxacin, penicillin and vancomycin. Antibiotic sensitivities were determined using disk diffusion and microdilution methods according to the guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS).Results:All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, ofloxacin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin and penicillin. However, the following number of clinical isolates exhibited intermediate or decreased sensitivity, nine (17%) to ampicillin, eight (15%) to penicillin, 14 (32%) to ciprofloxacin and one (2%) to nitrofurantoin. Thirty-one percent of the isolates were resistant to azithromycin and ceftriaxone, 19% to clindamycin, 15% to cefazolin and 13% to cefamandole. Eighteen (35%) of the clinical isolates tested were resistant to 6 of the 12 antibiotics tested.Conclusions:The relatively high rates of resistance for 6 of the 12 antibiotics tested suggest that for women allergic to penicillin and colonized with GBS, antibiotic sensitivities to their isolates should be determined. The antibiotic selected for intrapartum chemoprophylaxis should be guided by the organism’s antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Patients with GBS bacteriuria should be treated with nitrofurantoin.
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Bari, Md Abdul, Mashiur Arefin, Moriom Nessa, Golam Mostofa, and Tafiqul Islam. "Recent Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Escherichia Coli in Urinary Tract Infection." TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 30, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v30i1.39125.
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The objective of the study is to assess the recent sensitivity pattern of Escherichia coli in Urinary tract infection (UTI). Widespread use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of resistant microorganisms. As the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the microorganisms are frequently changing, this retrospective analysis was designed to assess the recent antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in urinary tract infection among the human population. Details of 358 urine culture positive reports for E. coli and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern pertaining to the study period of 6 months from Jan 2017 to June 2017 were collected from Microbiology Laboratory of Diagnostic Centers at Rajshahi and the results were statistically analyzed. The antibiotics tested for sensitivity were amikacin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, nitrofurantoin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and cefixime. The sensitivity pattern of E.coli to antibiotics in UTI was amikacin (82.68 gentamycin (75.97%), nitrofurantoin (70.67), levofloxacin (44.13%), ceftazidime (42.17%), co-trimoxazole (40.78%), ceftriaxone (38.54%), ciprofloxacin (35.75%), and cefixime (24.02%). The study highlighted the marked resistance of E. coli to quinolones and third generation cephalosporins.TAJ 2017; 30(1): 61-65
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Ali, Md Khoyber, and Shahin Sultana. "Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of salmonella typhi in children." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 15, no. 3 (November 3, 2016): 416–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v15i3.30198.
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Background: Enteric fever is an important public health problem in developing countries including Bangladesh. A changing antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi and emergence of resistance has increased to a great concern. Objective: Aim of the study was to investigate the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi. Methods: A total of 181 Salmonella typhi samples from 5 to 15 years age group were collected from blood culture during the period of October to December 2014 from IBN SINA Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Specimens from the blood culture were identified by standard procedures as needed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to The Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. Results: Among the tested antibiotics, S. typhi was susceptible to ceftriaxone 100%, followed by cefixime and gentamicin 99.4%, ciprofloxacin 98.6%, cotrimoxazole 88.9%, azithromycin 88.4 % and least susceptible antibiotic was Ampicillin 62.5% and nalidixic acid 5%. Conclusion: The antimicrobial sensitivity testing showed that the Salmonella typhi were highly sensitive (>88%) to most of the drugs used in this study, whereas nalidixic acid showed only 5% sensitivity. So this study indicates that ceftriaxone, cefixime, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin can be used as a first line therapy and nalidixic acid should be avoided for treatment.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(3) 2016 p.416-418
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Atmawati, Tri Utami, M. Ali Faisal, and Rahmiati Rahmiati. "POLA KEPEKAAN ISOLAT BAKTERI AEROB PADA KONJUNGTIVITIS TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK TERPILIH DI POLIKLINIK MATA RSUD ULIN BANJARMASIN." Berkala Kedokteran 13, no. 1 (May 12, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jbk.v13i1.3435.
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Abstract: Bacterial conjunctivitis is a conjunctiva inflammation that caused by bacterial. This disease including to the most ten diseases of ophthalmology polyclinic at RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin; however there is no data given on the sensitivity pattern to the antibiotic. The aim this research was to assess aerob bacterial sensitivity patterns causes conjunctivitis to a topical antibiotic. This research used the descriptive method with a cross-sectional study. The result with 21 samples isolate bacteria demonstrated that aerob bacterial sensitivity patterns to tobramicin (100%), to gentamicin (80,95%), to polymixin (80,95%), to ofloxacin (61,90%), to levofloxacin (61,90%), to chloramphenicol (42,86%); resistance to chloramphenicol (23,80%), to ofloxacin (9,52%), and to levofloxacin (9,52%). Based on the result, it can be concluded that tobramicin has the highest sensitivity pattern, followed by gentamicin, polymixin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin. However, chloramphenicol has the smallest sensitivity pattern. Keywords: bacterial conjunctivitis, sensitivity patterns, antibiotic, ophthalmology polyclinic Abstrak: Konjungtivitis bakteri merupakan suatu peradangan pada konjungtiva yang disebabkan oleh bakteri. Penyakit ini masih termasuk di dalam sepuluh besar penyakit yang ada di poliklinik mata RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin dan belum ada data pada kepekaan isolate terhadap terhadap antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola kepekaan isolat bakteri aerob penyebab konjungtivitis terhadap antibiotik topikal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan crossectional. Hasil penelitian dengan jumlah 21 sampel isolat bakteri didapatkan gambaran pola kepekaan bakteri aerob sensitive terhadap tobramisin (100%), gentamisin (80,95%), polimiksin (80,95%), ofloksasin (61,90%), levofloksasin (61,90%), dan kloramfenikol (42,86%); resisten terhadap kloramfenikol (23,80%), ofloksasin (9,52%), dan levofloksasin (9,52%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa tobramisin merupakan antibiotik dengan kepekaan tertinggi, diikuti gentamisin, polimiksin, ofloksasin, dan levofloksasin. Sedangkan kloramfenikol memiliki kepekaan terendah. Kata-kata kunci: konjungtivitis bakteri, pola kepekaan, antibiotik, poliklinik mata
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Srinivasa, Jyothsnya, and Vijaya Rajendran. "Antibiotic prescription analysis of inpatients in a tertiary care teaching hospital." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 9, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 1792. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20205003.
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Background: Antibiotics are one among the commonly prescribed drugs. Patterns of antibiotic resistance widely follows local patterns of antibiotic prescribing and usage. Periodic surveillance of antibiotic prescriptions at regional level are essential to understand and combat antimicrobial resistance. To study the prescribing pattern of antibiotics among inpatients of various specialties in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Method: A prospective observational study of prescribing pattern of antibiotics was conducted among inpatients of various specialties in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Antibiotic prescribing data was collected using a semi structured proforma. The data obtained was analyzed and the conclusions were drawn using descriptive analysis.Results: A total of 1161 prescriptions were collected. 3211 antibiotics were prescribed. Mean average duration of treatment with antibiotics per patient was 11.8 days. Use of 3rd generation cephalosporins, imipenem, piperacillin and vancomycin observed. 75% of antibiotics were prescribed for prophylactic use. Antibiotics prescribed for therapeutic indication were supported by clinical, radiological and other investigations like culture and sensitivity reports.Conclusions: The present study highlights the use of antibiotics for long duration among admitted patients. Implementation of antimicrobial stewardship program with adherence to standard treatment guidelines is essential to combat antimicrobial resistance.
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Gupta, Astha, Yogendra Singh, and Ramesh Yadav. "Neonatal Septicemia: Microbiological Profile and Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, no. 08 (August 10, 2019): 2807–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.808.323.
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Abeyagunawardena, AS, RS Thalgahagoda, CA Pathinayake, and CK Abeysekera. "Antibiotic sensitivity patterns in childhood urinary tract infections." Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health 35, no. 2 (September 23, 2008): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljch.v35i2.13.
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Bhuiya, Mahmudullah, Mohammad K. I. Sarkar, Mehadi H. Sohag, Hafij Ali, Chapol K. Roy, Lutfa Akther, and Abu F. Sarker. "Enumerating Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Different Sources in Dhaka City." Open Microbiology Journal 12, no. 1 (May 15, 2018): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801812010172.
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Background:Pseudomonas aeruginosais a ubiquitous free-living bacterium and is responsible for severe nosocomial infections, life-threatening infections in immune compromised persons. The bacterium, along with its natural resistance, can acquire resistance to many antibiotics by a variety of methods.Method:Therefore, to compare the antibiotic sensitivity pattern ofPseudomonas aeruginosa, a total of seventeen isolates ofP. aeruginosawere isolated from different sources; for example environmental sources, frozen food sources, clinical sources and medical waste materials. Isolates were confirmed to beP. aeruginosaby cultural and biochemical properties.Result:The isolates were tested against seventeen commercially available antibiotics to observe the antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Imipenem and meropenem were the most potent antibiotics (100% sensitivity) followed by amikacin and piperacillin with maximum sensitivity. Among others, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and aztreonam were found to be fairly active. A good number of isolates were intermediately resistant to ceftriaxone. The rates of resistance to aztreonam, cefotaxime and ceftazidime were 11.76%, 82.35% and 5.88% respectively. Complete resistance was observed against penicillin, ampicillin, cefixime and cefpodoxime.Conclusion:It can be concluded that the clinical isolates including isolate from medical waste, were multi-drug resistant than environmental and food isolates indicating the risk of transmission of resistance to the environmental isolates ofP. aeruginosa.
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Arora, Balvinder Singh, Santhosh Rajan, Ravinder Mohil, and Neeraj Narayan Mathur. "Antibiotics sensitivity status and antibiogram patterns of aerobic bacterial isolates from surgical site infections." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20195901.
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Background: Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are the third most common nosocomial infections. Emergence and spread of drug resistant strains have been found to pose a serious challenge in the management of such infections. There is limited information on the epidemiology of such pathogens. The antibiotic sensitivity patterns of aerobic bacterial isolates from post-operative SSIs show wide variations that lead to difficulties in empirical selection of the right kind of drug for treatment. Properly planned studies about antibiotic sensitivities patterns of such isolates can help in judicious management of SSIs and cause reduction in morbidity and mortality.Methods: A total of 50 patients diagnosed by the surgeon and fulfilling the case definition of SSI, were studied for bacteriological analysis. All the clinical specimens were cultured and identified applying standard culture techniques. The aerobic bacterial isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method to arrive at the drug sensitivity patterns. Data were entered in MS Excel spread sheet and analysed using SSPP software version 21.00Results: A total of 32 patterns of sensitivity were observed. For Esch. coli, a total of nine patterns were observed. All strains of Esch. coli were found sensitive to tigecycline (100%) and colistin (100%). For Klebsiella spp. a total of 9 patterns were obtained with TIG-COL being the predominant pattern in 6 cases. For Acinetobacter spp. only colistin was found most effective drug. In case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, except colistin (100% sensitivity), there were wide variations in sensitivity with imipenem (71%) as next most effective drug. In Proteus spp. - most of the in-use drugs were effective except cephalosporins. Among gram positive organisms, only three strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated, and these were MRSA (100%). Two strains of enterococcus were isolated, and these showed sensitivity to linezolid only.Conclusions: Wide variations in sensitivity status observed in the study are suggestive that antibiotic usage should be tailored to individual needs and proper selection of antibiotics for management of SSIs must be guided by laboratory antibiogram.
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Misra, RN, M. Bhagat, and N. Ahmed. "Helicobacter pylori in Dyspepsia – Antibiotic Sensitivity and Virulence Patterns." Medical Journal Armed Forces India 62, no. 1 (January 2006): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-1237(06)80147-4.
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Luke, N., S. Wickramasinghe, B. Sebastiampillai, M. Gunathilake, N. Miththinda, S. Fernando, S. Silva, and R. Premaratna. "Antibiotic sensitivity patterns among ESBL UTIs in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 45 (April 2016): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.283.
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Ata, Maliha, Rozina Hoque, Rajat Shankar Roy Biswas, Asma Mostafa, Faheem Ul Hasan, and Happy Rani Barua. "Antibiotics Prescribing Pattern at Outpatient Department of A Tertiary Medical College Hospital." Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal 17, no. 2 (January 14, 2019): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v17i2.39775.
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Background: In order to improve the prescription quality and promoting rational prescription pattern, there is an obligatory need to investigate the factors that affect doctors' prescription patterns. The study was conducted to observe the antibiotics prescribing pattern at outpatient department of a tertiary medical college hospital.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study in a tertiary medical college hospital during the period of January 2018 to June 2018 which was conducted on 300 prescriptions collected from different outpatient department.
Results: Average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 3.70 (Optimal value 1.6–1.8). Antibiotics (Oral, injectable and topical) were prescribed 46% (Optimal value 20.0–26.8%) and antibiotic as only injected form 19.71% (Optimal value 13.4–24.1% of total injectable drug). Drugs prescribed from the Essential Drugs List( EDL) equated to 52.90% (Optimal value 100%). The antibiotics given in most of the patients ( 91%) were without doing culture sensitivity test before prescribing. Out of 46% prescriptions with antibiotics, 79.9% had one antibiotic, 19.6% included two antibiotics and 0.7% had three antibiotics. Cefuroxime was the most commonly prescribed antibiotics (22.5%) followed by Azythromycin (11.6%) Cefixime (11.5%) Ciprofloxacin (10.9%) Flucloxacillin (10.9%) and Metronidazole (8.7%).
Conclusion: This study revealed that percentage of antibiotic was high and most of the antibiotic was given without culture and sensitivity.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.17 (2); Jul 2018; Page 36-39
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Syahputra, Ryan Ravi Is, Dini Agustina, and Septa Surya Wahyudi. "The Sensitivity Pattern of Bacteria Against Antibiotics in Urinary Tract Infection Patients at RSD DR. Soebandi Jember." Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences 4, no. 3 (October 11, 2018): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ams.v4i3.6786.
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Urinary tract infection (UTI) was infection by microorganisms in the urinary tract. Treatment of UTI required supportive therapy and adequate antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance was the solution in the treatment of UTI, so it is important to assess the factors of bacterial resistance and strategies to control the incidence of resistance by choosing antibiotics in accordance with the pattern of sensitivity of germs obtained. This study aimed to determine the pattern of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics in patients with UTI in RSD dr. Soebandi Jember. This research used descriptive research design by taking secondary data that was medical record data of urine culture examination and sensitivity test to antibiotics in UTI patients who have been diagnosed in inpatient and outpatient room RSD dr. Soebandi Jember between the period January 1, 2014 until November 30, 2017. The results of this study obtained 57 samples of urine positive bacteria, which found 18 types of bacteria that caused UTI. Of the 18 types of bacteria, there were 16 Gram negative bacteria and 2 Gram positive bacteria. Five bacteria divided among others E. coli on 24 samples, K. ornithinolytica on 5 samples, K. pneumoniae on 4 samples, B. cepacia on 4 samples, and E. cloacae on 3 samples. The results of bacterial sensitivity to antibiotic pattern showed the highest sensitivity level ie amikacin, fosfomicin, netilmicin, gentamicin, and nitrofurantoin. While the results of patterns of bacterial resistance to antibiotics based on hormonal levels of cephalotin, cephazolin, ampicillin, sulphametoxazole, and trimetoprim.
Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Bacterial sensitivity, Antibiotics
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Lawhale, Madhuri Ashok, and Rahul Naikwade. "Recent pattern of drug sensitivity of most commonly isolated uropathogens from Central India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 8 (July 26, 2017): 3631. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173576.
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Background: The objective of the study is to assess the latest antibiotic sensitivity pattern of most commonly isolated organisms in urinary tract infection (UTI). Widespread and irrational use of antibiotics has led to development of highly resistant microorganisms. As the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the microorganisms are frequently changing, this study was performed to assess the recent antibiotic sensitivity pattern in urinary tract infection among the human population.Methods: The study conducted from July 2016 to April 2017, in clinical microbiology laboratory, Sara Diagnostics (fully automated) laboratories, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. 3000 urine samples were studied. The processing of the samples were done by standard microbiological methods. The antibiotic susceptibility was measured by disk diffusion test. CLSI guidelines were used for the antibiotic susceptibility evaluation.Results: Out of these, 1729 (57.63%) samples were culture positive showing significant bacteriuria. The most common bacteria isolated was E. coli (n=1040, 60.15%), followed by Enterococcus spp. (n=275, 15.90%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=210, 12.14%), Staphylococcus aureus (n=105, 6.07%) and Pseudomonas spp. (n=50, 2.89%) in this study. The study showed marked resistance to doxycycline, quinolones, cephalosporins and greater sensitivity to nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin, showing them better treatment options.Conclusions: The study confirmed, E.coli is still the most common bacteria to cause UTI, irrespective of geographical area. Nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin showed very high susceptibility to urinary tract infection pathogens, which include most commonly isolated gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive cocci, which were resistant to other various antibiotic groups. Thus, nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin seemed to be promising drugs.
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S., Shanmugapriya, Saravanan T., and Janani K. "Antibiotic sensitivity pattern to urinary tract infections in a tertiary care hospital in South India." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 6 (May 23, 2017): 1445. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20172239.
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Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial illnesses and hence one of the most important indications for antibiotic treatment. Current knowledge of the common organisms implicated in causing UTI in the local community and surveillance to monitor the changes in susceptibility of uropathogens are imperative to ensure appropriate therapy. The study objectives were to assess the proportion of UTI caused by each of the common urinary pathogens, to study the antibiotic drug sensitivity patterns by analyzing the culture and sensitivity reports and to identify the drugs which would be potentially favourable candidates for empirical therapy in the study locale.Methods: This hospital based cross sectional study was done by collecting the data from case records of patients who attended OPD or were admitted with diagnosis of UTI during the study period.Results: Escherichia coli was the single most important cause of UTI, accounting for 70% of the infection among the studied subjects, amongst which 55% was extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing organisms. A pattern of increased susceptibility to higher antibiotics like ertapenem, tigecycline and decreased sensitivity to fluroquinolones was evident. In addition, nitrofurantoin was found to be one of the antibiotics to which most of the organisms were susceptible (85%) favouring its use in empirical therapy of UTI.Conclusions: The pattern of accentuated susceptibility to higher antibiotics in the face of declining trend in the sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics necessitates promoting awareness on the need for rational prescribing of antibiotics among clinicians.
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Okomo, Uduak A., Danlami Garba, Augustin E. Fombah, Ousman Secka, Usman N. A. Ikumapayi, Jacob J. Udo, and Martin O. C. Ota. "Bacterial Isolates and Antibiotic Sensitivity among Gambian Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition." International Journal of Pediatrics 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/825123.
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Background. Establishing the pattern of infection and antimicrobial sensitivities in the local environment is critical to rational use of antibiotics and the development of management algorithms.Methods. Morbidity history and physical examination of 140 children with severe acute malnutrition were recorded. Their blood, stool, and urine samples were cultured and antibiotic sensitivity patterns determined for any bacterial pathogens isolated.Results. Thirty-eight children had a pathogen isolated from blood culture, 60% of which were considered contaminants. Coagulase negative staphylococcus was the predominant contaminant, while the major causes of bacteraemia were nontyphoidalSalmonella(13%),S. pneumoniae(10%), andE. coli(8%).E. coliaccounted for 58% of the urinary isolates. No pathogen was isolated from stool. In vitro sensitivity by disk diffusion showed that 87.5% of the isolates were sensitive to ampicillin and/or gentamicin and 84.4% (27/32) to penicillin and/or gentamicin.Conclusions. A combination of ampicillin and gentamicin provides adequate antibiotic cover for severely malnourished children in The Gambia.
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Sur, Somen, Dr Pallavi, Sanjib Mondal, and Atul Kumar Gupta. "Culture and Sensitivity Pattern of Sepsis in Ventilated Newborns." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 36, no. 1 (October 22, 2016): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v36i1.12936.
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Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in modern neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Increasing trend of antibiotic resistance makes this problem more difficult to tackle, at present. Haemodynamically compromised neonates, particularly those requiring ventilator support, often suffer from multidrug resistant sepsis. The objectives of this study were to determine micro-organisms causing sepsis in those neonates requiring ventilator support and the sensitivity patterns of those micro-organisms.Material and Method: During 18 months of study period, 48 neonates, who had fulfilled the chosen inclusion criteria were included in this study. They were investigated with blood culture, urine culture, CSF culture, and endotracheal tube tip culture (taken within 48 hours of starting ventilation), as per relevance. Those who were found positive to any micro-organism, were also explored. They were studied further for antimicrobial sensitivity pattern. Data obtained from this study were analysed using SPSS-20.0.Results: 15(31.3%) neonates were found to be culture positive. Klebsiella sp. was most common (33.3%) organism isolated, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20%). Most common antibiotic found to be sensitive was Meropenem (86.67%), followed by Colistin and Tigecycline (80% each).Conclusion: Nowadays, all NICUs throughout the world face a common problem of multidrug resistant sepsis. There is always a doubt regarding choice of second line antibiotics, when one considers for upgradation. As per this study, authors considered Meropenem as second line antibiotic of choice, as other sensitive antibiotics like Colistin, Tigecycline wield more adverse effects on neonates.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(1):34-37
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Chowdhury, Mostofa Kamal, Ashfaque Ahmed Siddique, Prodip Kumar Sarkar, Md Manjurul Haque, Prodip Kumar Biswas, Sarmistha Biswas, and HAM Nazmul Ahasan. "Pattern of Antibiotic Use in Different Departments of Dhaka Medical College Hospital." Journal of Medicine 16, no. 1 (February 25, 2015): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v16i1.22399.
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Background: Antibiotics are available as non-prescription drugs in pharmacies and irrational use is not uncommon. Diagnosis and treatment of most of the bacterial diseases are empirical. Microbial sensitivity patterns of common infections like respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, enteric fever, wound infection are not routinely available for decision making in drug selection. Lack of hospital restrictions on antibiotic use and inappropriate usage for prophylaxis are the main reasons for inappropriate therapy. Objective: To determine the pattern of antibiotic use in hospitalized patients of different departments of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Materials & Methods: In this observational study, hospital records of total 400 patients were surveyed on 2 separate days of December 2013. Patients of both sexes from different departments receiving antibiotics were included in the study. Data was collected in a predesigned data collection sheet. Results: Of the total 400 patients 53.5% were male & 46.5% were female. 21% patients were of paediatric age group (upto 12 years) and 79% were adults. In maximum number of patients empirical antibiotic therapy was started. Culture and sensitivity tests were done before or during the course of treatment in only 48 patients (12%). Most commonly used antibiotic was ceftriaxone (49.75%) followed by metronidazole (17.5%) and ciprofloxacin (12.75%), while 7 patients (1.75%) received anti tubercular regimen. Combined antibiotics were used in 162 patients (40.5%). Conclusion: Most of the patients received empirical antibiotic therapy. Culture and sensitivity tests should be more practiced and emphasized before starting treatment. Energetic measures to stop inappropriate use of antibiotics should be taken to slow down the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v16i1.22399 J MEDICINE 2015; 16 : 35-38
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Ghosh, Sanjoy, Swagatam Banerjee, Puranjay Saha, and Biswajit Sikder. "Analysis of Microbes and their Sensitivity Patterns in Chronic Otitis Media in West Bengal." Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery 28, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47210/bjohns.2020.v28i2.337.
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Introduction
Chronic otitis media (COM) is a commonly encountered condition in India because of socio-economic factors. Empirical antimicrobial therapy is crucial till definitive surgical management can be done. Periodic updating of prevalence and antibiogram of the etiological microorganisms of COM is thus important.This hospital based study aimed to detect the ongoing trend of microbes associated with chronic otitis media in eastern India and determination of antibiotic sensitivity patterns of bacteria.
Materials and Methods
A prospective study was conducted wherein ear swabs were taken from discharging ears of selected patients and sent for culture and antibiotic sensitivity tests.
Results
One hundred and forty two (142) samples were collected from 104 patients. 124 samples revealed monomicrobial involvement while 5 samples did not reveal any pathological organism. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common isolates comprising 31.33 % and 30.67 % respectively. Most organisms were susceptible to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides along with imipenem, meropenem followed by penicillin group of antibiotics.
Conclusion
The huge burden of chronic otitis media patients in India makes it essential to have an evidence-based protocol for initiation of empirical treatment. Hence, an idea about the microbes commonly responsible for disease and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns is helpful in clinical practice.
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Cherny, Stacey S., Daniel Nevo, Avi Baraz, Shoham Baruch, Ohad Lewin-Epstein, Gideon Y. Stein, and Uri Obolski. "Revealing antibiotic cross-resistance patterns in hospitalized patients through Bayesian network modelling." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 76, no. 1 (October 6, 2020): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa408.
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Abstract Objectives Microbial resistance exhibits dependency patterns between different antibiotics, termed cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity. These patterns differ between experimental and clinical settings. It is unclear whether the differences result from biological reasons or from confounding, biasing results found in clinical settings. We set out to elucidate the underlying dependency patterns between resistance to different antibiotics from clinical data, while accounting for patient characteristics and previous antibiotic usage. Methods Additive Bayesian network modelling was employed to simultaneously estimate relationships between variables in a dataset of bacterial cultures derived from hospitalized patients and tested for resistance to multiple antibiotics. Data contained resistance results, patient demographics and previous antibiotic usage, for five bacterial species: Escherichia coli (n = 1054), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 664), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 571), CoNS (n = 495) and Proteus mirabilis (n = 415). Results All links between resistance to the various antibiotics were positive. Multiple direct links between resistance of antibiotics from different classes were observed across bacterial species. For example, resistance to gentamicin in E. coli was directly linked with resistance to ciprofloxacin (OR = 8.39, 95% credible interval 5.58–13.30) and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (OR = 2.95, 95% credible interval 1.97–4.51). In addition, resistance to various antibiotics was directly linked with previous antibiotic usage. Conclusions Robust relationships among resistance to antibiotics belonging to different classes, as well as resistance being linked to having taken antibiotics of a different class, exist even when taking into account multiple covariate dependencies. These relationships could help inform choices of antibiotic treatment in clinical settings.
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Taktak, Samih, Zara Gall, and James Dyer. "Bacteriuria resistance patterns and the suitability of urinalysis as an initial diagnostic tool in a post-antibiotic era." Therapeutic Advances in Urology 13 (January 2021): 175628722110180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17562872211018004.
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Aims: Urinalysis is used as a first-line investigation throughout healthcare to indicate bacteriuria and guide treatment of potential urinary tract infections. In light of rising bacterial multi-resistance, we aim to analyse its diagnostic accuracy, determine its usefulness in a present-day setting and evaluate current antibiotic resistance patterns across a Trust population. Methods: A retrospective case series of 712 paired urinalysis and urine culture results was obtained over a 1-month period. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were calculated, and resistance profiles of commonly used Trust antibiotics assessed using statistical analysis. Results: A high false negative rate of nitrites on urinalysis, with sensitivity of 38.4%, was found. Leucocyte sensitivity was 87.6% and specificity 39.7%, with no improvement in diagnostic accuracy seen when combining both. Positive urine culture growth demonstrated a substantial resistance pattern to trimethoprim of 48%, compounded by a statistically significant correlation with gentamicin resistance ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Our study has highlighted a reduced accuracy of urinalysis compared with previous literature, questioning its usefulness in the real world. We have consolidated growing published trends doubting the efficacy of trimethoprim, revealing co-existing resistance patterns between commonly used antibiotics. This will have implications for future antibiotic-prescribing protocols and requires further research to ensure guidelines are progressive in consciously managing this growing concern in modern-day healthcare.
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Sara Najeeb, Naima Tariq, Muniba Kanwal, Gul-e-Rehan, M. Usman Sadiq, and M. Irfan Sadiq. "Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns of Uropathogens in Children: The Current Trend." Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College 8, no. 3 (September 29, 2019): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v8i3.415.
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Background: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant infections has led to increased health care costs and mortality among children. The purpose of this study was to determine the causative organisms responsible for urinary tract infection and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern among pediatric patients of Rawalpindi/Islamabad.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2014 to June 2015, in the Department of Microbiology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, affiliated with the Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. About 270 urine samples of children with UTI were analyzed through Analytical Profile Index (API) 20E and biochemical test strips system. Their antibiotic susceptibility was determined by using standard techniques. Data were assessed and analyzed by SPSS version 17.
Results: Most common uropathogen was Escherichia coli (61.48%), followed by Proteus (15.5), Klebsiella (12.3%), Pseudomonas (4.5%), Enterococcus (3.7%) and Enterobacter (2.5%). Gram-negative rods, were most sensitive to imipenem (100%), Gentamycin (86%) and Amikacin (78.3%). They were least sensitive to Ampicillin (4.2%) and Norfloxacin (5.5%). Gram-positive cocci showed highest sensitivity for Vancomycin (100%) while displayed relatively less sensitivity for Nitrofurantoin (61.2%) and Gentamycin (48.7%). Cephalosporins also showed increased resistance with only 14% of gram-negative rods showing sensitivity to Cefotaxime. These organisms were highly resistant to Penicillin, showing a sensitivity of only 12.4%.
Conclusion: Decreased sensitivity against penicillin and cephalosporins is seen in uropathogens causing UTI in children. High sensitivity towards Nitrofurantoin makes this drug an empirical treatment in UTI. Regular surveillance of the developing resistance in uropathogens due to inappropriate use of antibiotic is necessary to reduce complication in children with urinary tract infection.
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Rajan, Asha K., S. Vedha Pal Jeyamani, R. Lavanya, U. Kaviya, and Merlin Joan. "Assessment of Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns in A Primary Care Hospital." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 11, no. 8 (2018): 3411. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2018.00628.5.
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Shivachandra, S. B., A. A. Kumar, A. Biswas, M. A. Ramakrishnan, Vijendra P. Singh, and S. K. Srivastava. "Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns among Indian Strains of Avian Pasteurella multocida." Tropical Animal Health and Production 36, no. 8 (November 2004): 743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:trop.0000045950.35070.7f.
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Flynn, Harry W. "Endophthalmitis Therapy: Changing Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns and Current Therapeutic Recommendations." Archives of Ophthalmology 109, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1991.01080020021012.
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Hernandez-Camarena, Julio C., Enrique O. Graue-Hernandez, Mariana Ortiz-Casas, Arturo Ramirez-Miranda, Alejandro Navas, Lucero Pedro-Aguilar, Nadia L. Lopez-Espinosa, Carolina Gaona-Juarez, Luis A. Bautista-Hernandez, and Victor M. Bautista-de Lucio. "Trends in Microbiological and Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns in Infectious Keratitis." Cornea 34, no. 7 (July 2015): 778–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ico.0000000000000428.
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Sanjana, RK, and PC Majhi. "Microbial infection and antibiotic patterns among intensive care unit patients in a tertiary hospital in Central Nepal." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 8, no. 3 (September 18, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i3.8678.
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Aims The present study is a fundamental effort to evaluate the bacteriological and antibiotic patterns in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting in a tertiary care hospital. This study was carried out to guide the clinician in choosing the appropriate antibiotics and to prevent emergence of multidrug resistance bacteria. Materials and Methods Between March 2009 to Feb 2012, the samples from various ICUs that were submitted to the microbiology laboratory for culture and sensitivity were included in this study. All the organisms were identified morphologically and biochemically by standard laboratory procedure and antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by disc diffusion methods. Result Of 3,780 specimens, 2,312 (61.1%) isolates were recovered. Single organisms were isolated from 1,746 (75.5%) samples while the remaining 566 (24.4%) had two or more organisms isolated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate 819 (35.4%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 637 (27.5%). Antibiotics sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that almost all isolates were resistant to cephalexin (97.8%) and ciprofloxacin (80.3%). However (95.8%) of the isolates were sensitive to tobramycin, (92.0%) to meropenem & (74.80 %) to amikacin. Conclusion It is concluded that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the predominate pathogen isolated from ICUs of this Hospital. Most of the frequently isolated pathogens are resistant to cephalosporins and quinolone antibiotics as compared to aminoglycosides and carbapenem. Regular surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility pattern is very important for setting a guideline to the clinician in choosing an appropriate therapy of infected patients of ICUs. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2012, Vol-8, No-3, 1-8 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i3.8678
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Duquino, Helda Hernandez, and Fred A. Rosenberg. "Antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas in bottled drinking water." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 33, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m87-049.
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Eight different bottled drinking waters were tested weekly over an 8-month period to determine the diversity of their Pseudomonas population and their sensitivity to eight antibiotics used in treating Pseudomonas infections. Nine species of Pseudomonas were recovered, with P. stutzeri (24%) and P. diminuta (18.8%) being the most common isolates. Sensitivity patterns of environmental and clinical isolates were shown to differ to some degree. Statistical analyses indicated a significant effect of specific antibiotic on the size of the inhibition zone, a significant difference between species and size of inhibition zone, and a strong species–antibiotic interaction. Distribution of species within the brands of water was also significantly different in 68% of the paired comparisons.
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Beckley, Andrew, and Erik S. Wright. "1593. Analysis of Hospital Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Results for Patterns of Antibiotic Resistance." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1457.
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Abstract Background Antimicrobial susceptibility tests (ASTs) are routinely performed on pathogens isolated from clinical samples. ASTs are used by clinicians to select the most appropriate treatment for antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. In aggregate, ASTs offer insight into the rise and spread of antibiotic resistance across hospitals. Here, we used ASTs to identify patterns of antibiotic resistance across drugs and microorganisms. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 364,813 AST results from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from 2015 to 2018. Data regarding infection site, hospital laboratory testing, organism identification, and antibiotic susceptibilities were extracted from the laboratory information system and anonymized prior to use. The pathogens studied included Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, and Enterococcus faecalis. Results We identified 21 antibiotic-pathogen combinations where resistance was found in less than 1% of AST results. Concordant susceptibility results of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin occurred the most frequently among antibiotic pairs. Additionally, concordant susceptibility results were more common within antibiotics belonging to the same antibiotic class than between classes. P. aeruginosa had the highest rate of overall concordant results with concordance occurring within all -lactam classes. In contrast, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis showed the least concordance, suggesting that their resistance profiles are less predictable. Notably, we did not identify any pairs of antibiotics that strongly exhibited discordant susceptibility results regardless of the microorganism. Conclusion Using routinely collected clinical microbiological data, we were able to characterize pathogen-antibiotic combinations where resistance is rarely seen. Additionally, we identified pairs of antibiotics that frequently exhibited concordance susceptibilities both within and between classes. Lastly, we were unable to find evidence of discordant susceptibility results, indicating that more clinical research is needed to determine the efficacy of collateral sensitivity treatment techniques. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Horn, William A., Elaine L. Larson, Kenneth J. McGinley, and James J. Leyden. "Microbial Flora on the Hands of Health Care Personnel: Differences in Composition and Antibacterial Resistance." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 9, no. 5 (May 1988): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/645831.
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AbstractThe composition and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacteria recovered from the hands of nurses and physicians in two service units of a major teaching hospital were compared with those found in a control population. Significant differences in the composition of bacteria were found in dermatology and oncology unit personnel.Staphylococcus aureuswas recovered from 31% of dermatology nurses and37%of dermatology physicians compared with 20% of oncology nurses, 15% of oncology physicians, and 17% of controls. Oncology personnel had a significantly higher carriage of gramnegative bacteria, yeasts, and multiple antibiotic-resistant, aerobic coryneforms (group JK bacteria). Both dermatology and oncology nursing personnel were colonized by organisms resistant to multiple antibiotics. Methicillin resistance was found in 26% and 66% of the staphylococci recovered from dermatology and oncology nurses respectively. Flora from physicians on the two units had sensitivity patterns similar to controls.
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Iqbal, Shahid, Fazal Ur Rehman, Waqas Ali, and Sanam Bano Rajper. "Pattern of bacterial isolates causing neonatal septicemia along with their pattern of antibiotic susceptibility." Professional Medical Journal 27, no. 04 (April 10, 2020): 737–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.04.3524.
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Objectives: We planned this study to observe the pattern related to bacterial isolates causing neonatal septicemia along with their pattern of antibiotic susceptibility. Study Design: Prospective study. Setting: Department of Neonatology, Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zaid Al Nahyan Teaching Hospital, Rawlakot. Period: From 1st January 2018 to 30th June 2018. Material & Methods: Prior to empiric antibiotic usage, blood was collected from neonates having clinical sepsis and sent for blood culture. A total of 60 neonates with culture proven sepsis were enrolled for this study. Reports of blood culture were evaluated for isolates of bacteria as well as patterns of sensitivity for frequently used antibiotics in the institution. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data entry and analysis. Results: A total of 60 neonates having culture proven sepsis were enrolled in the current study. Amongst these, 39 (65.0) were male and 21 (35.0%) female. Early onset of sepsis was diagnosed in most, 42 (70.0%) neonates. Majority of neonates, 50 (83.3%) were delivered in the same hospital. Gram negative isolates were found in 43 (71.7%) and 15 (25.0%) gram positive while 2 (3.3%) candida spp. In terms of pattern of antibiotic sensitivity, 4 (9.3%) isolates of gram negative were found resistant to every antibiotic routinely used while gram positive isolates showed excellent sensitivity to vancomycin. Conclusion: Gram negative isolates of organisms were found to be the most sensitive to carbepenems (especially meropenem) as well as aminoglycosides while gram positive isolates showed excellent sensitive regarding vancomycin.
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Parveen, Rezina, Md Abdullah Yusuf, Ishrat Sharmin, Md Saiful Islam, and Ina Rahim. "Antibiotic Sensitivity of Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection." Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjid.v2i1.31324.
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Background: Urinary tract infection is very common in both male and female.Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to see the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolated from urinary tract infected patients.Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka for a period of 12 months. Clinically diagnosed cases of urinary tract infection irrespective of age and sex having pus cells ?5/HPF in the deposits of centrifuged urine were selected as study population. Data regarding organisms causing UTI and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns were collected. For urine culture the urine samples were inoculated on HiCrome UTI agar, CLED agar, 5% sheep blood agar and MacConkeys agar media with a calibrated loop having diameter of 1.45 mm which contains 0.001 ml of urine. The inoculation at 37o C for 24 hours and CFU count of 105/ml of urine were considered positive for UTI. Identification of bacteria was done by standard biochemical techniques and their distinct colony characteristics. All the isolated organisms were tested for antimicrobial sensitivity against different antimicrobial agents by disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar plates.Result: Diagnosis of bacteria causing UTI with their sensitivity to different antibiotics was performed with a total of 300 samples from both male (38.66%) and female (61.33%) of different age groups. Among 300 samples 107 strains were isolated. Out of 107 identified strains, 95(31.67%) samples showed single growth and 6(2%) samples showed mixed growth. Escherichia coli (64.49%) was found to be the predominant organism. Regarding antimicrobial sensitivity pattern Esch. coli showed 98.55 to 63.77% sensitivity to imipenem, amikacin, ceftazidime and nitrofurantoin. Other isolated organisms showed 50 to 100% sensitivity to ceftazidime, amikacin, imipenem except Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and enterococci spp. which showed 40% and less sensitivity.Conclusion: In conclusion Escherichia coli is the most commonly isolated bacteria which is highly sensitive to imipenem.Bangladesh J Infect Dis 2015;2(1):13-18
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Gupta, Sumit Kumar, and Siddhartha Ghosh. "Antimicrobial prescribing patterns in surgical inpatient of tertiary care hospital in Eastern India." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 8 (July 23, 2019): 1902. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20193199.
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Background: Antimicrobials form the cornerstone of prescriptions for treating infection. Surgical management cannot be possible without the use of antibiotics. Severity of infection, suspected spectrum of organisms and their sensitivity, co-morbidities of the patient, route of antibiotic administration are the important parameter to consider before selecting antibiotic.Methods: Cross-sectional, hospital based, descriptive study was conducted in the ward of Surgery Department of IQ City Medical college, Durgapur over a period of 1 year. The relevant information was entered into the pretested preformats (containing name, age, sex, diagnosis, ongoing treatment as recorded from patients’ prescription slips or CRFs) and analyzed. Necessary permission was granted by the Institutional Ethical Committee and written informed consent was obtained from the patients prior to collecting their prescription slips/CRF.Results: Commonest cause of hospitalization was cholelithiasis (318 (32.7%)). Antimicrobials were the most commonly prescribed drugs (1626 (31.6%)). Single antibiotic prescribing frequency are similar to two antibiotic prescribing (both 44%). Piperacillin+Tazobactum combination most commonly prescribe antibiotic.Conclusions: Beta lactam antibiotic specifically Piperacillin (ATC class: J01D) were the most commonly prescribed antibiotic agents both before and after surgical procedures.
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Haque, Md Azizul, Laila Shamima Sharmin, KM Faisal Alam, Md Mohimanul Hoque, M. Morsed Zaman Miah, and Md Shah Alam. "Antibiotic Sensitivity and Resistance Patterns of Salmonella Typhi in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital." TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 33, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v33i2.51307.
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Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers, collectively known as enteric fever, is caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C. Despite this declining global trend, enteric fever is still considered to be a major public health hazard in Bangladesh and other developing countries due to poor sanitation, inadequate food safety measures and poor personal hygiene. In Bangladesh, the incidence of typhoid fever was reported to be 200 episodes per 100,000 person-years during 2003–2004. Multidrug-resistant (resistance to the first-line antimicrobials ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, and chloramphenicol) strains of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi are on the rise globally and even cases of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid cases resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are being reported from many corners of the world. This descriptive, observational study was carried out in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from July 2017 to June 2019. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of total 76 cases of enteric fever due to Salmonella Typhi were studied. Blood culture was carried out by BACT ALERT-3D, Automated blood culture analyzer from BioMeriuex SA, France Patented FAN Plus method. Based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the organism was categorized as sensitive, intermediate, and resistant against the respective antibiotics as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. We are reporting antibiotic sensitivity and resistant patterns of S. Typhi documented in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, a large tertiary care hospital in Northern Bangladesh.
TAJ 2020; 33(2): 10-14
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Chachar, A. Z. K., M. Haider, S. Ali, N. Yaqoob, N. A. Lashari, and H. B. Ahmed. "A study of Ascitic Fluid of Cirrhotic patients with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis; common microorganisms and their antibiotic Senstivity." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 1415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211561415.
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Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is an acute infection of otherwise sterile ascitic fluid in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Gram negative bacteria are considered the main causative microorganisms of SBP. However, widespread use of antibiotics in cirrhotic patients has changed the microbial spectrum and the sensitivity patterns. Aim: To determine the frequency of different microorganisms and their sensitivity patterns in ascitic fluid of cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and to see the impact of age, gender and duration of SBP on these patterns. Study design and duration: It was a prospective observational study conducted at Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore from December 2015 to December 2016. Methods: A total of 200 patients with clinical suspicion of SBP were enrolled in the study. Ascitic fluid sample was obtained within 6 hours of hospitalization and was sent to hospital laboratory. Culture reports were reviewed to determine the frequency of different microorganism as well as their sensitivity patterns to different antibiotics. Results: Out of 200 patients, the culture was positive in 113(56.53%) patients. Escherichia coli was seen in 35 (31.2%) patients, Acinobacter Spp was present in 18 (15.3%), Streptococcus in 15 (13.4%), Enterococcus in 14 (12.1%), Staphylococcus aureus in 13 (11.4%), MRSA in 12 (10.8%), and K. Pneumonia in 6 (5.7%) patients. Ceftazidime was sensitive in 73 (64.9%) cases, Cefotaxime was sensitive in 55 (49%), Ceftriaxone was sensitive in 50 (43.9%), Ciprofloxacin was sensitive in 49 (43.3%), Amikacin was sensitive in 36 (31.8%) Conclusion: The most frequent organism in ascitic fluid of SBP patients was E Coli, and the most sensitive antibiotic was ceftazidime. Keywords: Microbial Spectrum, Sensitivity Pattern,Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP), Ascitic Fluid
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Mardhia, Mardhia, Mahyarudin Mahyarudin, and Abror Irsan. "Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern Among Diabetic Outpatients with Urinary Tract infection in Pontianak." Microbiology Indonesia 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5454/mi.14.3.1.
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Diabetic patients are associated with a higher risk of infection. The research purposed to identify antibiotic susceptibility patterns among diabetic outpatients with urinary tract infection in Pontianak. An experimental study was performed for 13 bacterial isolates of diabetic outpatients with urinary tract infection in the Clinic of Diabetes Mellitus, Sultan Syarif Mohamad Alkadrie Hospital, Pontianak. The disc diffusion method was used to perform the susceptibility of antibiotics to the bacterial isolates. Among 13 isolates, the most common causative agent of urinary tract infection was Escherichia coli (53.85%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30.77%). Klebsiella spp and Enterobacter aerogenes were 7.69%. Most isolates of bacteria of the study had a high sensitivity to Cefepime (92.31%), then followed by Levofloxacin, Amikacin, and Meropenem for 84.62%. The study revealed low sensitivity of bacteria to Amoxicillin/Clavulanate, Co-Trimoxazole, Cefazoline and Ceftriaxone (30.77%, 23.08 %, 23.08%, 23.08%, respectively). All bacterial isolates had high resistance to Ampicillin. Moreover, multidrug resistance observed among bacterial isolates.
Keywords: antibiotic susceptibility, diabetes, urinary tract infections
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S., Sindhu, and Syed Mohsin Ahmed. "Prescription pattern analysis of antibiotic use in a paediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 6 (May 22, 2018): 1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20182016.
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Background: Antibiotic resistance is rising to alarming levels that necessitates the evaluation of prescription patterns for the rational use of antibiotics. Hence this study was conducted to evaluate antibiotic use in a government run general hospital.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted to evaluate the rationality of antimicrobial prescription in a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a government run tertiary care teaching hospital using the USAID indicators for rational use of antibiotics. Case records of 104 patients were documented and analysed.Results: The most common antimicrobials prescribed were 3rd generation Cephalosporins namely Ceftriaxone, followed by Aminoglycosides (Amikacin), Imipenams (Meropenam), Anti-Influenza Antiviral (Oseltamivir) and Oxazolidinones (Linezolid). A common trend of antibiotic overuse emerged due to paucity of resources to support decision making and choice of antibiotic. This led to patients being exposed to a high number of antibiotics with an associated increase in morbidity.Conclusions: Antibiotic resistance would remain a challenge until systems for rapid, precise and low cost detection of the causative micro-organisms and antibiotic sensitivity are developed, surveillance systems are increased and antibiotic stewardship programs are enforced.
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Akhter, Rowshan Jahan, Md Mahbubul Hoque, BH Nazma Yasmeen, and MAK Azad Chowdhury. "Bacteriological profile and sensitivity pattern of neonatal sepsis." Northern International Medical College Journal 8, no. 1 (April 30, 2017): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/nimcj.v8i1.32391.
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Introduction : Neonatal sepsis remains an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in NICU setup and a major challenge for the neonatologists. The prevalent organisms and their antibiotic resistance patterns evolve with time and with the usage of antimicrobials.Aims and Objectives : To analyze the bacteriological profile and antibiotic resistance patterns of proven neonatal sepsis cases in Dhaka Shishu Hospital.Materials and Methods : The study was Prospective observational study. All the clinically suspected cases of Neonatal Sepsis admitted to the Neonatal word from January 2015 to December 2015 were included in the study. Clinically suspected cases of neonatal sepsis further evaluated with blood cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Data was collected for the following variables: Demographic profile, haematological profile, blood culture result and antibiotic sensitivity patterns.Results : Total 96 cases clinically suspected neonatal sepsis were included in the study. Among them 29 cases (30.21%) was culture positive septicemia. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common isolate accounting for 31.03% cases followed by Escherichia coli 27.59%. In Klebsiella infection most common sensitivity were Imipenum and Ciprofloxacin which were 77.78 and 33.33% respectively. In E.coli common sensitive drugs were Imipenum and Amikacin. In serratia common sensitive drugs were Imipenum, Netlmicin and Ciprofloxacin.Conclusion : K. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen. Most common sensitivity was Imipenum, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Netlmicin, and Ceftazidime,.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.8(1) July 2016: 174-177
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CHAN-TACK, KIRK M. "Changing Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns at a University Hospital, 1992 Through 1999." Southern Medical Journal 94, no. 6 (June 2001): 619–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-200106000-00016.
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CHAN-TACK, KIRK M. "Changing Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns at a University Hospital, 1992 Through 1999." Southern Medical Journal 94, no. 6 (June 2001): 619–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-200194060-00015.
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Martin, Daniel. "Endophthalmitis Therapy: Changing Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns and Current Therapeutic Recommendations-Reply." Archives of Ophthalmology 109, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1991.01080020021013.
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Braunstein, Inbal, Karolyn A. Wanat, Katrina Abuabara, Karin L. McGowan, Albert C. Yan, and James R. Treat. "Antibiotic Sensitivity and Resistance Patterns in Pediatric Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome." Pediatric Dermatology 31, no. 3 (August 23, 2013): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pde.12195.
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Soujanya, Betu Rama, and Banashankari G S. "Utility of Chromogenic Medium in Characterization of Enterococci in Urinary Tract Infection and Phenotypic Detection of Their Virulence Factors." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 5 (May 21, 2021): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210544.
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Introduction: Enterococci from being intestinal commensals have evolved in becoming pathogens and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality Aims & Objectives: This study was done to speciate the uropathogenic Enterococci using the chromogenic medium and to determine the antibiogram also to detect virulence factors phenotypically. Materials and methods: The study included a total of 30 uropathogenic Enterococci isolated over 6 months. Speciation was done using HiCrome Enterococcus faecium agar base. Antibiotic sensitivity was done by the Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Among the virulence factors hemolysin, haemagglutination, and gelatin liquefaction tests were done. Results: Amongst the 30 enterococci isolates, 17 were Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) (56.66%) & 13 were Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) (43.33 %). 100% of the Enterococcus species were sensitive to Vancomycin & Teicoplanin. 66.67% of the Enterococci showed hemolysis, 10% haemagglutination, and 43.33% gelatinase property. Conclusion: Most common isolated species were Enterococcus faecalis. The changing patterns of antibiotic sensitivity to Enterococci in patients with urinary tract infection possess difficulty in selection of the antibiotics. Failure to synergistic therapy is seen in cases of resistance to High-level Gentamicin. Therefore, speciation and antibiotic sensitivity patterns will help in setting up an empirical therapy and thereby help in the reduction of morbidity and mortality. Key words: Antibiotic susceptibility, Chrome agar, Enterococcus species, virulence factors.
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Putra, Adnal K. P. Husein, and Sri Sundari. "Analysis of antibiotics administration in diabetic ulcer patients at Panembahan Senopati regional hospital Bantul." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 3782. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213003.
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Background: This study provides an overview of diabetic ulcer infection, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, the most common types of antibiotics, factors influence in antibiotics administrations, and verifying the guideline used of antibiotics.Methods: The research used descriptive analysis combined with interviews. The study was starting from February-March 2021. Eighty-six diabetic ulcer patients were selected considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We interviewed seven doctors.Results: 71 bacterias were found with a gram-negative bacteria count of 80.3%- higher than gram-positive bacteria (19.7%). The most common gram-negative bacteria found are Escherichia coli (12.7%) and show the most heightened sensitivity with imipenem (80.7%), while cefuroxime and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole show the highest resistance (64.9%). The most common gram-positive bacteria found are Staphylococcus aureus (14.1%), and vancomycin shows the most heightened sensitivity (100%), while penicillin shows the highest resistance (71.4%). The most common single antibiotic administration was ceftriaxone, as well as a combination of two antibiotics, namely ceftriaxone and metronidazole.Conclusions: Escherichia coli was the most gram-negative bacteria, which has the highest sensitivity with imipenem, while Staphylococcus aureus was the most gram-positive bacteria, which has the most heightened sensitivity with vancomycin. The most common single antibiotic administration was ceftriaxone, as well as a combination of two antibiotics, ceftriaxone and metronidazole. Factors that influence antibiotics administration are patient condition, susceptibility testing, training, and advice from colleagues. Every doctor uses different guidelines for diabetic foot ulcer.
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Akindolire, Abimbola Ellen, Olukemi Tongo, Hannah Dada-Adegbola, and Olusegun Akinyinka. "Etiology of early onset septicemia among neonates at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10, no. 12 (December 30, 2016): 1338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.7830.
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Introduction: Neonatal septicemia remains a major cause of newborn deaths in developing countries. Its burden is further compounded by the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, which is related to a lack of antibiotic protocols resulting in unrestricted use of antibiotics. The absence of reliable antibiotic sensitivity testing makes the formulation of antibiotic guidelines and judicious use of antibiotics difficult. This study sought to identify the current bacterial agents associated with early onset septicemia (EOS; age <72 hours) and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns among neonates at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 202 inborn and outborn neonates with risk factors for or clinical features of septicemia in the first 72 hours of life had samples for blood cultures and antibiotic sensitivity patterns taken prior to treatment. Results: Of the subjects, 95 (47.0%) were inborn and 107 (53.0%) outborn, with a M:F ratio of 1.3:1; 12.5% were culture positive, and the prevalence of EOS was 8.8/1,000 live births. The isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (52%), 30.7% of which were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12%), Enterobacter aerogenes (8%), Enterococcus spp. (8%), Eschericia coli (4%), and other Gram-negatives (12%). All the isolates except Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, amikacin, gentamicin, and third-generation cephalosporins. All MRSA were sensitive to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol, while all methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to ampicillin/sulbactam. Conclusions: Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest cause of EOS in our setting, with 30.7% of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates being MRSA. Only MRSA demonstrated multidrug resistance.
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Kanodia, Piush, Sunil Kumar Yadav, Rupa Rajbhandari Singh, and Nisha Keshari Bhatta. "Bacteriological Profile of Blood Culture Positive Sepsis in Newborn at BPKIHS, Dharan Nepal." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 13, no. 1 (March 10, 2017): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v13i1.16663.
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Background & Objectives: Neonatal infections currently cause about 1.6 million deaths annually in developing countries. Sepsis and meningitis is responsible for most of these deaths. This study was undertaken to determine the bacteriological profiles and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolates from blood cultures of neonates admitted in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Nepal.Materials & Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at pediatric department from January, 2014 to December 2014. Total 1009 newborns blood sample with suspected and clinical sepsis were cultured by using standard microbiological technique and antibiotic sensitivity patterns were studied. Results: The positive blood culture was 32.4% (327/1009). Gram positive bacteria were more common 231(71%) than gram negative bacteria 96(29%). Staphylococcus aureus 174 (53.2%) and acinetobacter 46(14.1%) were the commonest isolates in blood culture. Most of the organisms showed sensitivity with aminoglycosides (gentamicin and amikacin) and third generation cephalosporins.Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter and Klebsiella species remain the principal organisms causing neonatal sepsis and antibiotics like amino glycosides should be first choice of drugs.
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Sharmin, Lazina, and Shaheen Akter. "Bacterial Aetiology and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Children in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh." Journal of Enam Medical College 7, no. 3 (October 30, 2017): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v7i3.34072.
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Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children are among the most common bacterial infections. Community-acquired urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are often treated empirically with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Pattern of aetiologic agents and their antibiotic sensitivity may vary according to geographical and regional location. So, knowledge of antibiotic resistance trends is important for improving evidence-based recommendations for empirical treatment of UTIs.Objectives: To determine the common bacterial aetiologies of CAUTIs and their antibiotic resistance patterns in a tertiary care hospital, Savar.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Enam Medical College Hospital, Savar from May 2016 to April 2017. We collected clean-catch mid-stream urine samples from 257 patients having clinical diagnosis of UTI and submitted to the clinical microbiology laboratory for culture and sensitivity.Results: A total of 120 (46.7%) samples were positive for bacterial growth. Escherichia coli (79%) was the most common pathogen, followed by Klebsiella spp. (14%). Bacterial isolates showed high prevalence of resistance to multiple antibiotics. Resistance against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxacin was higher compared to newer quinolones and aminoglycosides.Conclusion: Esch. coli and Klebsiella spp. were the predominant bacterial pathogens. The resistance pattern to commonly prescribed antibiotics was quite high and alarming.J Enam Med Col 2017; 7(3): 134-139
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Bhat, Sevitha, Shruthi Muthunatarajan, Shalini Shenoy Mulki, K. Archana Bhat, and K. Himani Kotian. "Bacterial Infection among Cancer Patients: Analysis of Isolates and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern." International Journal of Microbiology 2021 (January 7, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8883700.
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Introduction. Cancer patients being immunosuppressed are vulnerable to develop infections. Knowledge of the changing epidemiology of infections has a pivotal role in its management. Aims and Objectives. The study is undertaken to assess the types of bacterial infections in cancer patients undergoing anticancer treatment, the associated bacterial pathogens, and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. Materials and Methods. A retrospective surveillance study was undertaken in our center. Positive culture reports and other clinical details of cancer patients diagnosed with infection during a stay in the tertiary care center from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2016 were analysed by descriptive statistical methods chi-square test and odds ratio to study the association. Results. Out of 638 cancer patients diagnosed with infections in the 2-year period, 140 patients had positive cultures, representing 272 specimens and 306 isolates. Common specimens sent for culture were blood sputum, urine, and pus. 214 isolates (69.9%) were gram-negative bacilli, and 92 (30.1%) were gram-positive cocci. The most common isolates were Klebsiella spp. (18.30%), Pseudomonas spp. (17.65%), and Escherichia coli (14.71%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (13.72%). Among the gram-negative organisms, the antibiotic resistance rates reported to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and third-generation cephalosporins were 45.13%, 39.20%, and 48.58%, respectively. 26.92% of the organisms are resistant to all three antibiotics. 50.4% of Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli were ESBL producers. Gram-negative organisms showed 11.63% resistance to β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination, and 22.22% of gram-negative organisms are resistant to carbapenems. 50% of the Staphylococcus spp. were methicillin resistant, but all were sensitive to vancomycin. Conclusion. The surge in the number of gram-negative infections emphasizes the need for broad-spectrum empirical therapy targeting the same. Rate of resistance of the isolated gram-negative organisms to the routinely used empirical therapy is alarming. Prudent use of antibiotics, based on culture reports wherever possible, is of utmost importance to save the lives of infected patients and prevent further development of antibiotic resistance.
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Bhat, Sevitha, Shruthi Muthunatarajan, Shalini Shenoy Mulki, K. Archana Bhat, and K. Himani Kotian. "Bacterial Infection among Cancer Patients: Analysis of Isolates and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern." International Journal of Microbiology 2021 (January 7, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8883700.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Cancer patients being immunosuppressed are vulnerable to develop infections. Knowledge of the changing epidemiology of infections has a pivotal role in its management. Aims and Objectives. The study is undertaken to assess the types of bacterial infections in cancer patients undergoing anticancer treatment, the associated bacterial pathogens, and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. Materials and Methods. A retrospective surveillance study was undertaken in our center. Positive culture reports and other clinical details of cancer patients diagnosed with infection during a stay in the tertiary care center from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2016 were analysed by descriptive statistical methods chi-square test and odds ratio to study the association. Results. Out of 638 cancer patients diagnosed with infections in the 2-year period, 140 patients had positive cultures, representing 272 specimens and 306 isolates. Common specimens sent for culture were blood sputum, urine, and pus. 214 isolates (69.9%) were gram-negative bacilli, and 92 (30.1%) were gram-positive cocci. The most common isolates were Klebsiella spp. (18.30%), Pseudomonas spp. (17.65%), and Escherichia coli (14.71%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (13.72%). Among the gram-negative organisms, the antibiotic resistance rates reported to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and third-generation cephalosporins were 45.13%, 39.20%, and 48.58%, respectively. 26.92% of the organisms are resistant to all three antibiotics. 50.4% of Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli were ESBL producers. Gram-negative organisms showed 11.63% resistance to β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination, and 22.22% of gram-negative organisms are resistant to carbapenems. 50% of the Staphylococcus spp. were methicillin resistant, but all were sensitive to vancomycin. Conclusion. The surge in the number of gram-negative infections emphasizes the need for broad-spectrum empirical therapy targeting the same. Rate of resistance of the isolated gram-negative organisms to the routinely used empirical therapy is alarming. Prudent use of antibiotics, based on culture reports wherever possible, is of utmost importance to save the lives of infected patients and prevent further development of antibiotic resistance.