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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Antibiotic stewardship

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Academic literature on the topic 'Antibiotic stewardship'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 January 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Antibiotic stewardship"

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Simonson, William. "Antibiotic stewardship: Revisiting quinolone antibiotics." Geriatric Nursing 38, no. 2 (March 2017): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2017.03.008.

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Coffey, KC, Daniel J. Morgan, and Kimberly C. Claeys. "Diagnostic stewardship: what impacts antibiotics use?" Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 36, no. 4 (June 19, 2023): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qco.0000000000000927.

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Purpose of review The aim of this study was to review recently published diagnostic stewardship studies of common clinical infectious syndromes and the impact on antibiotic prescribing. Recent findings Diagnostic stewardship can be implemented within healthcare systems and tailored to infectious syndromes, including urinary tract, gastrointestinal, respiratory and bloodstream infections. In urinary syndromes, diagnostic stewardship can decrease unnecessary urine culturing and associated antibiotic prescribing. Diagnostic stewardship of Clostridium difficile testing can decrease antibiotics and test ordering with a reduction in healthcare-associated C. difficile infections. Respiratory syndrome multiplex arrays can decrease time to results and increase detection of clinically relevant pathogens but may not decrease antibiotics use, or worse, could increase over-prescribing if diagnostic stewardship of ordering practices is not exercised. Lastly, blood culturing practices can be improved by clinical decision support to safely decrease collection and broad-spectrum antibiotic use. Summary Diagnostic stewardship decreases unnecessary antibiotic use in a way that is different from and complementary to antibiotic stewardship. Further studies are needed to quantify the full impact on antibiotic use and resistance. Future considerations should be to institutionalize diagnostic stewardship in patient care activities to leverage integration into systems-based interventions.

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Uddin, Mashuk. "Antibiotic Stewardship." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v6i2.19366.

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Same, Rebecca G., and Pranita D. Tamma. "Antibiotic Stewardship." Pediatrics in Review 42, no. 4 (April 2021): 218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.2020-000885.

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Hand, Kieran. "Antibiotic stewardship." Clinical Medicine 13, no. 5 (October 2013): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.13-5-499.

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Lim, Victor. "Antibiotic Stewardship." International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education 6, Suppl1 (2012): S75—S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.56026/imu.6.suppl1.s75.

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Smith, Robert G., and Warren S. Joseph. "Antibiotic Stewardship." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 104, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0003-0538-104.1.77.

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The discovery of antibiotic drugs was one of the most significant medical achievements of the 20th century. The improper use of antibiotic drugs to prevent and treat infections has resulted in the emergence of resistance. Antimicrobic stewardship programs are becoming a mainstay in the fight against multidrug-resistant organisms. Individual clinicians should be encouraged to adopt the principles of antibiotic stewardship when treating lower-extremity infections in their scope of practice. First, a review of the available literature outlining the concept and practice of antibiotic stewardship is offered. Second, a discussion describing how to adopt and apply these principles to the individual clinician's practice as it applies to lower-extremity infections is offered. Finally, specific antimicrobial pharmacologic spectra and antibiogram information are offered.

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Wlodaver, Clifford G., and Christopher May. "Antibiotic Stewardship." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 20, no. 1 (January 2012): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ipc.0b013e31822e9bba.

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Cunha, Cheston B., and Steven M. Opal. "Antibiotic Stewardship." Medical Clinics of North America 102, no. 5 (September 2018): 831–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2018.04.006.

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Bal, Abhijit M., and Ian M. Gould. "Antibiotic stewardship." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 24, no. 4 (August 2011): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qco.0b013e3283483262.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Antibiotic stewardship"

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Carter, Rebecca Rosaly Carter. "ANTIBIOTIC STEWARDSHIP IN AMERICAN NURSING HOMES." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1538588980802258.

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Ramkhalawon, Shabeerah. "Antibiotic stewardship: the role of clinical pharmacist." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/10858.

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South Africa has a high prevalence of infectious diseases; the major ones being the Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome epidemic, and tuberculosis. South Africa’s burden of resistant bacteria is also increasing. Antibiotic resistance in hospitalised patients leads to an increase in morbidity and mortality, resulting in longer hospital stays, and an increase in hospital costs. In order to counteract the problem of antibiotic resistance in hospitals and other healthcare facilities and preserve the efficacy of currently available antibiotics, there is a need for serious antibiotic management. Antibiotic stewardship initiatives have thus been put in place to guide healthcare professionals on the correct use of antibiotics. Clinical pharmacists can intervene and contribute to antibiotic stewardship owing to comprehensive knowledge of antibiotics, including the properties, uses, safety and efficacy of individual agents. There is a paucity of research to support the role of the clinical pharmacist in antibiotic stewardship in public sector hospitals. The current pharmacist staffing system within public sector hospitals does not adequately support pharmacists, in particular clinical pharmacists, to participate actively in antibiotic stewardship. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the role of the clinical pharmacist in antibiotic stewardship in a public hospital setting. A secondary aim was to contribute towards more rational inpatient use of antibiotics in the general medical ward. The hypothesis for the study was that clinical pharmacists can make a positive contribution to the correct use of antibiotics in a public hospital setting. The study showed that the introduction of a pharmacist-driven antibiotic stewardship in the ward, using a prospective audit and feedback strategy, had a positive effect on overall appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing (Chi2=7.89; df=3; p=0.04815, Cramer’s V=0.13). However, this finding did not show any reduction in the volume of antibiotic use. Positive patient outcomes were achieved and shown through a reduction in the length of hospital stay (p=0.00487; one-way ANOVA). Although patients were not followed up on discharge to assess re-admission rates, the results are relevant in order to inform the hospital staff about the implementation of antibiotic stewardship at the public hospital setting with the aims of reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and improving patient outcomes. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the hypothesis was achieved and that the clinical pharmacist did play an integral role in antibiotic prescribing at the public hospital setting. Thus, it can be concluded that the study, though limited in its scope, achieved its aims and objectives, and showed that the clinical pharmacist does play an integral role in the rational use of antibiotics in a public hospital setting.

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Shohel, Mohammad. "Antibiotic Stewardship in Residential Aged Care Facilities." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/86378.

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Aged care residents are at increased risk of infections due to their frailty and comorbidities. This study aimed to identify and reduce the risk of antibiotic-related misadventure in this population. Particular medicines were associated with use of antibiotics, suggesting compromised immunity via numerous mechanisms. Potential interactions between antibiotics and residents’ other medicines were also identified, and may increase morbidity in this vulnerable group. Expanded scope of antimicrobial stewardship in aged care facilities is recommended.

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Gravander, Nikkinen Anna, and Ellen Haglund. "Sjuksköterskans potentiella roll i antimicrobial stewardship : En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för omvårdnad - grundnivå, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-16790.

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Background The antimicrobial stewardship is developed to provide a guide on the responsible use of antimicrobial drugs. Thus, slowing down the development of antimicrobial resistance. However, the nurse's role in antimicrobial stewardship is not clarified. Failure toinclude the nurse within the antimicrobial stewardship guidelines may result in poor execution of antimicrobial stewardship.Aim To explore the role of nurses in antimicrobial stewardship and how it can be practically implemented within the medical field.Method This is a literature review where seven qualitative studies, two quantitative studies and a mix-methods study examines the nurse's role in antimicrobial stewardship.Results Two main themes and five sub-themes were created. The two main themes were clinical role and collaboration. The clinical role described the nurse's role as a patient advocate and the nurse's contribution to antimicrobial stewardship through monitoring and evaluation of the patient and treatment, as well as through safe sampling, drug administration and hygiene. The collaboration showed and identified the nurse's role as a communicator and educator. Conclusion Conclusions that can be drawn from the literature review are that the potential roles the nurse may have in antimicrobial stewardship are many and those we have identified are already included in the nurse's daily work.

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Steuart, Rebecca. "Antibiotic Prescribing and Subsequent Antibiotic Resistance of Respiratory Cultures in Children with Tracheostomies." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1623170006733706.

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Kelly, Kimberley Allison. "Antibiotic Overuse in the Geriatric Population." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5734.

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The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid are requiring long-term care facilities (LTCFs) to implement antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) to alleviate overuse of antibiotics in the nursing home population. Current research shows that the benefits of ASPs include improved patient outcomes, reduced adverse events related to Clostridium difficile (C-diff) infection, improvement in rates of antibiotic susceptibilities, and optimized resource utilization. This project addressed the problem of antibiotic overuse and misuse in the geriatric population and whether the implementation of an ASP reduced the overuse of antibiotics, C-diff infection, and resistance rates in the LTCF. Application of the Johns Hopkins nursing model and Centers for Disease Control framework informed this project. An ASP was implemented by the organization. This project evaluated the program preASP and postASP over a 10-month period. A descriptive analysis was used to compare the number of new antibiotic starts, C-diff cases, and resistant cases before and after ASP implementation. The total number of cases of resistance declined from 12 to 10 cases after the ASP was implemented, which was a 16.67% decline. The number of monthly new antibiotic orders for the time period evaluated declined from 120 to 110 respectively, which was an 8.3% change. There was no change in the number of C-diff infections. The results demonstrated that implementing the ASP led to a decline in antibiotic misuse, overuse, and resistance cases. This project supports social change by expanding the healthcare team's knowledge regarding the project problem and informing future interventions to be implemented to help reduce antibiotic overuse and misuse in the geriatric population.

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Hamilton, Robert M. "Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Nurse Practitioners about Antibiotic Stewardship." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8550.

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Background: Antibiotic stewardship (ABS) is a set of strategies to optimize the use of antibiotics with the goal of reducing antibiotic resistance, improving patient outcomes and decreasing unnecessary costs. ABS affects all venues of patient care, including outpatient, inpatient, and long-term care. While many strategies for ABS exist and best practice continues to evolve, successful ABS programs utilize a multidisciplinary approach. Nurse practitioners (NPs) play an essential role in health care education and represent a valuable potential resource for ABS efforts. The purpose of this study is to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of NPs towards ABS.Methods: A convenience sample of NPs attending the American Association of Nurse Practitioners annual conference was given a modified descriptive survey developed for use in a previous study conducted at a university-affiliated hospital in Florida. Descriptive statistics were used to assess normality. Chi-Square test of independence was used to test differences categorical scores by NP setting, gender, and level of education. Pearson r correlation was completed to measure the relationship between age and years in practice.Results: Two hundred NPs completed the questionnaire (88% female; 70% Master’s degree). The range of experience was 0-45 years (mean 11 years). Most NPs worked in a private office (23%) or community setting (29%). Factors affecting the decisions of antibiotic prescriptions included patient condition (79%) and patient cost (58%). NPs in this study also based their antibiotic decisions on the antibiogram (63%) in their setting, while 56% indicated they start with broad spectrum and tailor antibiotic choices when culture results are received. NPs reported understanding that inappropriate use of antibiotics causes resistance (97%), harms the patient (97%), and optimum antibiotic use will reduce resistance (94%). Participants also recognized that strong knowledge of antibiotics was important for their job (94%) and felt confident in their use of antibiotics (86%). However, while 94% of respondents somewhat or strongly agreed that antibiotics are overused nationally, only 62% thought antibiotics were overused in their health care setting. Conclusion: In this study, most NPs reported that antibiotic resistance is a problem and antibiotics are overused nationally. Fewer believe that antibiotic resistance is a problem locally and fewer still that they, personally, contribute to the problem. NPs recognize that knowledge about antibiotics is important to their career and would like more education about antibiotics and feedback about their antibiotic choices. Finding effective ways to provide this education could change practice and improve antibiotic use.

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Hamidi, Maryam. "MICROBIOME OF PRETERM INFANTFROM SKIN-TO-SKIN CARE TO ANTIBIOTIC STEWARDSHIP." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1625851422254064.

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Thompson, Mellisa. "Antibiotic Prescribing Habits of Urgent Care Providers." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5791.

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Antibiotics are commonly prescribed and requested for viral illnesses despite evidence-based research studies and societal guidelines that advise against this practice. Literature has indicated that antibiotic decision-making comes from a provider's experience or exposure to illness, uncertainty of illness, or from being pressured by the patient. Nurses and advanced practice nurses are important participants in the antibiotic stewardship initiative. The purpose of this project was to examine potential knowledge deficits responsible for inappropriate antibiotic prescribing at a rural urgent care clinic in the southeastern United States, which when addressed could promote an educational in-service to decrease the number of antibiotics prescribed during a high-volume cough, cold, and flu months. The health belief model was used as a foundational model and a knowledge, attitude, and practice survey to collect data. Antibiotic prescribing habits were evaluated in the preintervention group (n = 250) and a year later in the postintervention group (n = 265). Antibiotic prescribing decreased positively from 80% to 70% and watchful waiting also increased positively from 4% to 30%; X-² (1) = 12.302, p = .000. The increase in educational awareness from these results can support a decrease in inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions, which prevents the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, contributing to positive social change.

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Metz, Jakob Friedrich [Verfasser]. "Ein Antibiotic Stewardship Programm an der Kinderklinik München-Harlaching / Jakob Friedrich Metz." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221597604/34.

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Books on the topic "Antibiotic stewardship"

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Schulz-Stübner, Sebastian. Antibiotic Stewardship im Krankenhaus. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60558-5.

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Schulz-Stübner, Sebastian. Antibiotic Stewardship in Arztpraxis und Ambulanz. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60560-8.

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Schulz-Stübner, Sebastian. Antibiotic Stewardship in Krankenhaus und Arztpraxis. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-68836-6.

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Prins, Jan, Suzanne Geerlings, Marlies Hulscher, Dilip Nathwani, and Peter Davey. Practical Antibiotic Stewardship. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2017.

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Prins, Jan, Suzanne Geerlings, Marlies Hulscher, Dilip Nathwani, and Peter Davey. Practical Antibiotic Stewardship. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2017.

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Prins, Jan, Suzanne Geerlings, Marlies Hulscher, Dilip Nathwani, and Peter Davey. Practical Antibiotic Stewardship. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2017.

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Schulz-Stübner, Sebastian. Antibiotic Stewardship im Krankenhaus. Springer, 2020.

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Schulz-Stübner, Sebastian. Antibiotic Stewardship in Arztpraxis und Ambulanz. Springer, 2020.

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Antibiotic Stewardship in Krankenhaus und Arztpraxis. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2024.

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Barlam, Tamar F., Melinda M. Neuhauser, Pranita D. Tamma, and Kavita K. Trivedi, eds. Practical Implementation of an Antibiotic Stewardship Program. Cambridge University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316694411.

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Book chapters on the topic "Antibiotic stewardship"

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Salzberger, Bernd, Wulf Schneider-Brachert, and Winfried V. Kern. "Antibiotika und Antibiotic Stewardship." In Praktische Krankenhaushygiene und Umweltschutz, 1–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41169-4_15-1.

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Salzberger, Bernd, Wulf Schneider-Brachert, and Winfried V. Kern. "Antibiotika und Antibiotic Stewardship." In Praktische Krankenhaushygiene und Umweltschutz, 245–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40600-3_15.

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Flynn, Harry W., Nidhi Relhan Batra, Stephen G. Schwartz, and Andrzej Grzybowski. "Antibiotic Stewardship." In In Clinical Practice, 171–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66351-7_8.

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Baird, Stephen D. "Antibiotic Stewardship." In Neonatal Infections, 239–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90038-4_27.

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Todi, Subhash, and Rajesh Chawla. "Antibiotic Stewardship." In ICU Protocols, 505–10. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0898-1_51.

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Todi, Subhash, and Rajesh Chawla. "Antibiotic Stewardship." In ICU Protocols, 389–93. India: Springer India, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0535-7_49.

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Flynn, Harry W., Nidhi Relhan Batra, Stephen G. Schwartz, Prashanth G. Iyer, Lyubomyr Lytvynchuk, and Andrzej Grzybowski. "Antibiotic Stewardship." In In Clinical Practice, 197–200. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35184-6_11.

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Sloane, Philip D., and Christine E. Kistler. "Antibiotic Stewardship." In Geriatric Medicine, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01782-8_121-1.

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Sloane, Philip D., and Christine E. Kistler. "Antibiotic Stewardship." In Geriatric Medicine, 1425–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74720-6_121.

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Schulz-Stübner, Sebastian. "Diagnostic Stewardship." In Antibiotic Stewardship im Krankenhaus, 145–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60558-5_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Antibiotic stewardship"

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Hung, Ka Yee, Mei Ju Su, and Ya Chi Lee. "Enhancing Antibiotic Stewardship with Power BI Visualization Dashboards: A User Experience Evaluation." In 2024 E-Health and Bioengineering Conference (EHB), 1–4. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ehb64556.2024.10805731.

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Kreusel, J., C. Benter, and MB Bloching. "Der Peritonsillarabszess im Fokus des Antibiotic Stewardship." In Abstract- und Posterband – 89. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e.V., Bonn – Forschung heute – Zukunft morgen. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1639928.

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Kreusel, J., C. Benter, and MB Bloching. "The peritonsillar abscess in focus of Antibiotic Stewardship." In Abstract- und Posterband – 89. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e.V., Bonn – Forschung heute – Zukunft morgen. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1639929.

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Green, R. J. J., F. Mustafa, L. Koekemoer, A. Turner, P. Becker, and I. van Biljon. "Successful Antibiotic Stewardship in Hospitalized Children in a Developing Nation." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a3400.

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Fernandes, M., R. Jammal, O. Aroyewun, and I. Nwachukwu. "Improving Antibiotic Stewardship in COVID-19: A Quality Improvement Initiative." In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a3155.

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Mioljević, Vesna, Goran Stevanović, Biljana Damnjanović, Aleksandra Barać, Snežana Jovanović, Martina Glidžić-Pakenham, Dragana Rajinac, and Jelena Vrućinić-Kozić. "The importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the fight against MDRO." In Proceedings of the International Congress Public Health - Achievements and Challenges, 221. Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/batutphco24173m.

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Introduction: The emergence of organisms resistant to multiple antibiotics (MDRO) is a major public health problem in the twenty-first century in all countries of the world. The emergence of MDRO limits the possibilities of adequate antimicrobial treatment of infections and increases morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs in healthcare institutions worldwide. Numerous studies indicate a significant association between the level of antibiotic consumption and the frequency of antibiotic resistance. According to data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (SDS) from 2019, 2.8 million infections and 32,000 deaths caused by pathogens resistant to antimicrobial drugs are registered every year. In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) has approved guidelines for the monitoring and assessment of emerging antimicrobial resistance. The European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) estimates that nearly 9 million nosocomial infections (or healthcare-associated infections) occur each year in European hospitals alone, with 1/3 of these infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Objective: The objective of the paper is to point out the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. Methodology: WHO Organization Antimicrobial Resistance Division https://www.who.int/ antimicrobial-resistance/en/; CDC Training on Antibiotic Stewardship; Antimicrobial stewardship interventions: a practical guide (WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2021). We searched PubMed to identify eligible systematic reviews from 2015 to May 2023. Results: Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) are instrumental and crucial in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. ASP is effective in the fight against the growing resistance of pathogens to antimicrobial drugs. Due to the importance of the problem of resistance of pathogens to antimicrobial drugs, a multidisciplinary approach to solving the problem of AMR is necessary, in which doctors of various specialties participate (infectologist, anesthesiologist, surgeon, microbiologist, epidemiologist, clinical pharmacologist... ). These activities are necessary for the purpose of reducing antimicrobial resistance, reducing healthcare-related infections and reducing treatment costs, with an emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach in solving this major global public health problem. Conclusion: Approaches to the prevention and control of MDRO need to be adapted to the specific needs of each population and individual institution. Prevention and control of MDRO is a national priority - a priority that requires all health institutions and agencies to undertake appropriate activities. A multidisciplinary approach to solving the growing resistance to antimicrobial drugs is of great importance in solving this major global public health problem.

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Lutfiyati, Heni, Zullies Ikawati, Jarir Atthobari, and Nanang Munif Yasin. "Pharmacists’ Knowledge, Perception and Practice on Antibiotic Stewardship: A Survey in Indonesia." In Proceedings of the 2nd Borobudur International Symposium on Humanities and Social Sciences, BIS-HSS 2020, 18 November 2020, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.18-11-2020.2311802.

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Eltai, Nahla O., Sara H. Al-Hadidi, Asmaa A. Al Than, Sanjay H. Doiphode, and Hadi M. Yassine. "Salmonellosis among Pediatric Population in Qatar: Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0126.

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Objectives: This study aims to characterize at the molecular level the genes encoding resistance in Salmonella and explain the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to ceftriaxone, cefepime, amoxicillin-clavulanate, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, colistin and azithromycin in Salmonella. It aims as well to characterize the 16S rRNA gene region by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to investigate if this region constitutes an appropriate ‘coincidental’ marker to distinguish important pathogenic Salmonella species. Finally, determine the lineages of Salmonella species and evolutionary relationships among bacteria classified within the same genus. Methodology: 246 Salmonella isolates were collected from children under 16 years old during Jan. 2018 - Dec 2019, presented with gastroenteritis at Hamad Medical Corporation. Isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility against nineteen relevant antibiotics using E-test. Isolates that harbor antibiotic resistance were confirmed using PCR specific primers for 38 genes. In addition, the variable region of class 1 and 2 integrons were identified by PCR among amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC) resistant samples. RFLP targeting16S rRNAwas performed using seven restriction enzymes including AluI, Bgl I, Bgl II, EcoR I, SmaI, Hinf I & Hae III. Results: Resistance was detected against 15 antibiotics and (38.2%) of isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Overall, high resistance was reported to tetracycline (23.9%), ampicillin (21.1%), AMC (18.7%) and sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim (13%). Further, 22.4% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), with 4.1% being ESBL producers. 90 % of ESBL producers had one of bla CTX-M-Group. Class (1) AMC resistant samples showed the highest resistance to different antibiotics. 16S rRNA-RFLP analysis divided Salmonella isolates into two main groups. Conclusion: Our results indicate a high antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella, which necessities the development of regulatory programs to combats antimicrobial resistance. In particular, our results showed high resistance to Class (1) AMC cassette that involves the transmission and expression of the resistance. This might lead to a concern of increased multidrug resistance in the future. This study provides evidence guidance to activate and implement the pillars of an antimicrobial stewardship program in animal and human health to reduce MDR salmonellosis.

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Garcia, Angelica M., Sofia Athanasopoulou, and Beth Emerson. "Pneumonia Antibiotic Stewardship in a Children’s Hospital Pediatric Emergency Department: A Quality Improvement Project." In AAP National Conference & Exhibition Meeting Abstracts. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.147.3_meetingabstract.140.

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Lázaro Cebas, A., P. Tejedor Prado, E. Izquierdo García, A. Such Díaz, I. Cañamares Orbis, J. Garrido Dorronsoro, L. Cano Alcalde, et al. "5PSQ-138 Influence of antibiotic stewardship programme interventions in a hospital at home unit." In 25th Anniversary EAHP Congress, Hospital Pharmacy 5.0 – the future of patient care, 23–28 March 2021. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2021-eahpconf.257.

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Reports on the topic "Antibiotic stewardship"

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McCarthy, Noel, Eileen Taylor, Martin Maiden, Alison Cody, Melissa Jansen van Rensburg, Margaret Varga, Sophie Hedges, et al. Enhanced molecular-based (MLST/whole genome) surveillance and source attribution of Campylobacter infections in the UK. Food Standards Agency, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ksj135.

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This human campylobacteriosis sentinel surveillance project was based at two sites in Oxfordshire and North East England chosen (i) to be representative of the English population on the Office for National Statistics urban-rural classification and (ii) to provide continuity with genetic surveillance started in Oxfordshire in October 2003. Between October 2015 and September 2018 epidemiological questionnaires and genome sequencing of isolates from human cases was accompanied by sampling and genome sequencing of isolates from possible food animal sources. The principal aim was to estimate the contributions of the main sources of human infection and to identify any changes over time. An extension to the project focussed on antimicrobial resistance in study isolates and older archived isolates. These older isolates were from earlier years at the Oxfordshire site and the earliest available coherent set of isolates from the national archive at Public Health England (1997/8). The aim of this additional work was to analyse the emergence of the antimicrobial resistance that is now present among human isolates and to describe and compare antimicrobial resistance in recent food animal isolates. Having identified the presence of bias in population genetic attribution, and that this was not addressed in the published literature, this study developed an approach to adjust for bias in population genetic attribution, and an alternative approach to attribution using sentinel types. Using these approaches the study estimated that approximately 70% of Campylobacter jejuni and just under 50% of C. coli infection in our sample was linked to the chicken source and that this was relatively stable over time. Ruminants were identified as the second most common source for C. jejuni and the most common for C. coli where there was also some evidence for pig as a source although less common than ruminant or chicken. These genomic attributions of themselves make no inference on routes of transmission. However, those infected with isolates genetically typical of chicken origin were substantially more likely to have eaten chicken than those infected with ruminant types. Consumption of lamb’s liver was very strongly associated with infection by a strain genetically typical of a ruminant source. These findings support consumption of these foods as being important in the transmission of these infections and highlight a potentially important role for lamb’s liver consumption as a source of Campylobacter infection. Antimicrobial resistance was predicted from genomic data using a pipeline validated by Public Health England and using BIGSdb software. In C. jejuni this showed a nine-fold increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones from 1997 to 2018. Tetracycline resistance was also common, with higher initial resistance (1997) and less substantial change over time. Resistance to aminoglycosides or macrolides remained low in human cases across all time periods. Among C. jejuni food animal isolates, fluoroquinolone resistance was common among isolates from chicken and substantially less common among ruminants, ducks or pigs. Tetracycline resistance was common across chicken, duck and pig but lower among ruminant origin isolates. In C. coli resistance to all four antimicrobial classes rose from low levels in 1997. The fluoroquinolone rise appears to have levelled off earlier and among animals, levels are high in duck as well as chicken isolates, although based on small sample sizes, macrolide and aminoglycoside resistance, was substantially higher than for C. jejuni among humans and highest among pig origin isolates. Tetracycline resistance is high in isolates from pigs and the very small sample from ducks. Antibiotic use following diagnosis was relatively high (43.4%) among respondents in the human surveillance study. Moreover, it varied substantially across sites and was highest among non-elderly adults compared to older adults or children suggesting opportunities for improved antimicrobial stewardship. The study also found evidence for stable lineages over time across human and source animal species as well as some tighter genomic clusters that may represent outbreaks. The genomic dataset will allow extensive further work beyond the specific goals of the study. This has been made accessible on the web, with access supported by data visualisation tools.

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Kuchler, Fred, Megan Sweitzer, and Carolyn Chelius. prevalence of the "natural" claim on food product packaging. Washington, D.C.: USDA Economic Research Service, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8023700.ers.

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U.S. food suppliers make claims about their production processes on food packaging that highlight attributes some consumers want while charging a higher price than for unlabeled products. Some labels use such claims as "USDA Organic" and "raised without antibiotics," which require different and more expensive production techniques than conventional agriculture. However, food suppliers can use the label that claims the food is "natural" at a relatively low cost because regulatory agencies treat the claim as meaning nothing artificial was added and the product was minimally processed. Numerous consumer food choice studies concluded that consumers equate the natural label on food with healthier food choices and more costly production practices that signify environmental stewardship. Informed by these previous studies' findings, the authors of this report estimate the frequency with which food suppliers make the natural claim on food packaging labels. Estimates are based on scanner data and comprehensive label data. Across all foods in 2018, 16.3 percent of retail food expenditures and 16.9 percent of all items purchased (unit sales) were for foods labeled natural, whereas 11.0 percent of Universal Product Codes (UPC) in stores were labeled natural on the packaging. Expenditures for food labeled natural were larger than expenditures for foods labeled USDA Organic. Natural labels were found predominately on processed products. For example, 95.6 percent of expenditures for vitamins and meal supplements were for products labeled natural, compared with 0.5 percent of expenditures for potatoes

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Antimicrobial stewardship programmes reduce antibiotic use in long-term care homes. National Institute for Health Research, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000746.

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