Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Antibiotique'
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Andriamalala, Aurore. "Antibiotiques apportés seuls ou en mélange (antibiotique+antibiotique et antibiotique+métaux) dans des sols agricoles – Devenir et impacts sur les microorganismes du sol et leurs activités." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA022/document.
Full textThe antibiotics (ATB) used in human and veterinary medicine are largely excreted and can enter agricultural soils through the spreading of organic waste products (OWP), with unassessed risks on human health and the environment. In addition, these ATBs are most often combined with other organic and / or mineral contaminants. However, very few studies have addressed the fate and effects of ATBs interacting with other contaminants in soils.The objective of the thesis was to better understand the fate of ATB applied to soils alone or in combination with other contaminants, and their impacts on soil microorganisms and their activities.The antibiotics selected were sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), for their contrasting mode of action and behavior, and N-ac-SMX, the main metabolite of SMX. The chosen metals were copper and zinc, which are known to increase in soils with regular applications of certain OWPs. They were brought together, at an environmental dose, and at a dose 5 times higher. The soils are a control soil that has never received OWP and two soils amended since 1998, by manure or compost green waste and sewage sludge, to test the impact of repeated applications of OWP and of the nature of OWP.Microcosms were incubated under controlled conditions for 156 days. For the study of ATB fate, the soils were treated with 14C-labeled ATBs and the 14C distribution was followed in the mineralized, easily and hardly extractable and non-extractable fractions. The impact of ATBs alone or in combinations on microorganisms and their activities was studied using unlabelled ATBs.The fate of ATBs is controlled by :i) The nature and properties of ATBs: CIP is rapidly and strongly adsorbed in soils and is not mineralized. Sulfonamides are rapidly degraded and mineralized up to 10% after 156 days.The fates of the SMX and N-ac-SMX are almost similar when they are brought alone, the N-ac-SMX being transformed into SMX. Whatever the molecules, the non-extractable residues are major at the end of incubation (> 50%).ii) Previous repeated applications of OWP that enhance adsorption of ATBs and reduce their mineralization.iii) The nature of the OWP : the more stable compost promotes the production of hardly extractable residues, the manure, more degradable, stimulates the mineralization of the sulfonamides and the production of non-extractable residues.iv) The presence of other contaminants, their nature and concentration : although the CIP at environmental doses did not affect the fate of SMX and N-ac-SMX in soils, the influence of metals was measurable and increased with their dose. At low doses, metals decrease the mineralization of SMX and N-ac-SMX by a factor of 2, by promoting the adsorption of ATBs through complexation, in particular with copper. At high doses, metals inhibit the mineralization of sulfonamides, through physicochemical reactions (increased adsorption of ATBs via copper) and certainly biological effects (toxic effects especially of zinc).The sulfonamides had no effect on soil microorganisms and mineralization of carbon and nitrogen when applied alone or as a mixture with ciprofloxacin or metals at environmental doses. But mixtures with the high dose of metals induce toxic effects on microbial biomass and mineralization of carbon. These toxic effects seem mainly due to metals and not to pH or ionic strength indirect effects.Therefore under these experimental conditions, the environmental risks associated with ATBs seem limited in the short term. But it would be necessary to study the effects in the longer term and of cumulative applications
Azoulay, Valérie. "Antibiotiques et grossesse : étude de quelques classes." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P202.
Full textSoulerin, Dominique. "Pharmacocinétique de deux antibiotiques administrés par mésoperfusion." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11015.
Full textGrach, Guillemette. "Antibiotel ou guide d'antibiothérapie sur minitel." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P087.
Full textArnold, Christine. "La mupirocine : un nouvel antibiotique." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2P046.
Full textHLIMI, SANAE. "Peptides antibiotiques d'origine fongique. Isolement de nouveaux peptaibols, etudes structurales relations structure / activites membranaire et antibiotique." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066382.
Full textCaisson, Armelle. "Mise au point d'un modèle "in vitro" permettant de reproduire la pharmacocinétique d'un antibiotique après administration orale." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P075.
Full textPotdevin, Luc. "Antibiotiques et solutés de perfusion." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P260.
Full textNalpas, Jérôme. "Nouvelle méthode d'étude de l'activité antitoxoplasmique de substances médicamenteuses appliquée aux antibiotiques du groupe des macrolides-lincosamides-synergistines." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P003.
Full textDontenwill, Christophe. "Un nouvel antibiotique glycopeptidique : la teicoplanine." Strasbourg 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR15087.
Full textMerrien, Karine. "Evaluation de l'utilisation des antibiotiques systémiques à visée curative au C. H. G. Lagny sur Marne." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P084.
Full textSAADA, PATRICK. "Paludisme et antibiotiques." Reims, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REIMM105.
Full textVINCENT, GUERCIA CHRISTINE. "Comparaison entre le traitement antibiotique empirique et le traitement antibiotique adapte dans les infections broncho-pulmonaires du sujet age." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20145.
Full textBunetel, Laurence. "Ciments et antibiotique : étude expérimentale de la diffusion." Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN1B006.
Full textBarraud, Olivier. "Intégrons de résistance et pression de sélection antibiotique." Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/c59be1d0-5b50-4d70-94ea-c8c11bd04c23/blobholder:0/2011LIMO310N.pdf.
Full textIntegrons are bacterial genetic elements able to capture and express genes embedded within cassettes. Integrons are widely distributed notably among Gramnegative bacteria (GNB). Resistant integrons (RI) are involved in medical bacteriology due to their ability in recruiting and expressing genes encoding resistance to antibiotics. Aim of this work was to better understand the effect of antibiotic selective pressure on RI working both on a mechanistic level concerning gene cassette rearrangements and on an epidemiological level concerning the link between antibiotic selective pressure and digestive carriage of RI. First part of the work concerned experimental assays of antibiotic selective pressure on an Escherichia coli strain harboring a RI with 4 gene cassettes; second part first consisted in the development of a qPCR method to detect RI, and secondly detected RI in complex environments submitted to antibiotic selective pressures (stools of inpatients, bacteria isolated from hospital effluent or from clinical origin) with focus on the link between RI and antibiotic resistance so as to evaluate the predictive value of RI as biomarkers. Concerning fundamental work, we demonstrated, in our model, that integrase was able, without overexpression, to catalyze gene cassettes rearrangements so as to confer to the host bacteria a higher resistance against the antibiotic selective pressure. Epidemiological work leads to describe new RI among bacteria and showed an effect of antibiotic selective pressure on RI carriage. The link between RI and resistance to antibiotics was confirmed. RI could constitute a hopeful marker of antibiotic resistance in GNB, particularly if considering its negative predictive value
Lamy, Stéphane. "Mise au point et validation d'une méthode d'ultrafiltration pour la détermination de la liaison aux protéines plasmatiques du HMR 3647." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P215.
Full textLe, Bellego Carl. "Sensibilité "in vitro" de "Chlamydia trachomatis" aux antibiotiques : application aux nouvelles quinolones." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P217.
Full textMukhtar, Husni. "Étude de l'action d'antibiotiques antifongiques sur deux levures kluyveromyces lactis : souche sauvage et souche résistante à l'amphotericine B." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10432.
Full textRizzo-Padoin, Nathalie. "Modifications pharmacocinétiques des antibiotiques chez le patient neutropénique : application à la téicoplanine." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P175.
Full textVINSOT, CANGI VIVIANE. "Antibiologie : inter-relation antibiotique et immunite ; revue de la litterature." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE6015.
Full textREMY, DOMINIQUE. "Gravite des appendicites traitees par antibiotiques avant chirurgie." Angers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ANGE1009.
Full textMOREL, POULET LAURENCE. "Interet de l'antibiogramme specifique en ophtalmologie." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX20174.
Full textMayer, Anne. "Antibiotiques contre-indiques dans le traitement de la myasthenie." Strasbourg 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR15076.
Full textTrotebas, Christine. "Effet in-vitro comparé des associations Vancomycine-Nétilmicine et Teicoplanine-Nétilmicine : méthode de l'échiquier en milieu liquide." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR23065.
Full textPaquet-Bouchard, Carine. "Caractérisation moléculaire de la protéine antibiotique P1 du phage AP205." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24064/24064.pdf.
Full textThe constant increase of infectious diseases and bacterial resistance to antibiotics are major problems of public health. Thus, development of a new class of antimicrobial agents is very urgent. We have decided to explore bacteriophages to learn more about the way they kill bacteria. Therefore, until now, the knowledge about this bactericidal activity is limited. We have characterized the inhibition mechanism of P1 lysis protein from phage AP205 using in vitro and in vivo approaches. The host of this phage is Acinetobacter. The P1 lysis protein targets an essential element for the bacterial survival, the bacterial cell wall. Actually, we hope that knowledge about this protein will contribute to the development of a new class of antibiotics.
Salomon, Jérôme. "Modification de l'usage antibiotique en population humaine et résistances bactériennes." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066662.
Full textMachtalère, Georges. "Activation par radio-réduction d'un antibiotique antitumoral : la mitomycine C." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112290.
Full textCaron, Pierre-Alexandre. "Déterminants du profit d'une firme suite à l'innovation d'un antibiotique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26362.
Full textGandon-Léger, Pierre. "Justifications microbiologiques du choix d’un antibiotique prescrit en odonto-stomatologie." Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR20051.
Full textRyziger, Patrick. "Evaluation de côut d'antibiotiques injectables chez l'enfant." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P117.
Full textPadoin, Christophe. "Modifications pharmacocinétiques chez le sujet de réanimation : application à l'isépamicine." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P176.
Full textMUSSO, DIDIER. "Sensibilite aux antibiotiques des bacteries du genre rochalimaea." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX20902.
Full textGUILLIER, MALASSIGNE VALERIE. "Infections nosocomiales et antibiotherapie au c. H. R. U. D'angers : enquete de prevalence (mai-juin 1989)." Angers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ANGE1066.
Full textCantrelle, François. "Antibiotherapie preventive systemique chez les patients en aplasie prolongee : etude de 2 associations d'antibiotiques au cours de 61 episodes d'aplasies." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M244.
Full textMAURER, PETER. "Antibiotherapie et infections neuro-meningees a listeria monocytogenes : correlation in vivo-in vitro." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN11138.
Full textMENAULT, PASCAL. "Etude critique d'une methode de dosage des antibiotiques au niveau alveolaire : application a la ticarcilline." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M472.
Full textJOST, XAVIER. "Angiocholite aigue : aspect bacteriologique et traitement antibiotique, a propos d'une serie de 145 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25039.
Full textColin, Claude. "La prevention des infections apres coelioscopie." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M313.
Full textBARAILLES, FREDERIC-CHARLES. "Apport de la cinetique de bactericidie au traitement antibiotique des enterobacteries productrices de beta-lactamases a spectre elargi." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M352.
Full textPARMENTIER, ALAIN. "La prescription antibiotique dans la bronchite et la pneumopathie : a propos d'une enquete aupres de 231 medecins du nord de la france." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M034.
Full textLUN, CHEANG. "L'utilisation des antibiotiques dans le traitement des infections bacteriennes du premature." Strasbourg 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR15028.
Full textCARRARO, JEAN-CHRISTOPHE. "Analyse et evaluation de l'antibiotherapie des pneumopathies de reanimation : a propos de 375 cas." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M160.
Full textDavid, Pascale. "Les pneumopathies infectieuses aigues de l'adulte : propositions therapeutiques a partir de l'etude de 160 cas de pneumopathies communautaires hospitalisees." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M083.
Full textFERRY, HENRY SABINE. "Corynebacterium groupe d2 : etude clinique, identification, sensibilite aux antibiotiques et facteurs de pathogenicite." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU31009.
Full textTEYCHENE, ANDRE. "L'antibiotherapie de premiere intention en reanimation : interet de l'augmentin* par voie intra-veineuse ; a propos de trente-huit cas." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU31013.
Full textCASTELLUCCI, LEO. "Du role d'une double antibioprophylaxie dans la prevention des complications infectieuses dans la chirurgie de prothese totale de la hanche." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M015.
Full textVERDIER, LAURENT. "Etude de l'interaction entre les antibiotiques mls b et les ribosomes bacteriens par rmn et modelisation moleculaire. Application a un phenomene de resistance antibiotique." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077118.
Full textMartin, Dominique. "Pour une graduation de l'usage des antibiotiques." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05N088.
Full textDussault, Anne-Renée. "Incitations et instruments économiques d'innovation et de vente d'un antibiotique breveté." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28508/28508.pdf.
Full textChaume, Grégory. "Vers la synthèse totale de la griséoviridine, antibiotique de type streptogramine." Cergy-Pontoise, 2003. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/03CERG0256.pdf.
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