Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Antibiotiques en agriculture'
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Guillot, Jean-François. "Eco-épidémiologie des Escherichia coli résistant aux antibiotiques chez les volailles." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10015.
Full textKende, Sithurain. "Minéralisation de l'azote dans deux sols amendés avec deux composts enrichis d'un antibiotique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26913/26913.pdf.
Full textBastos, Marília Camotti. "Study of the environmental contamination of human and veterinary medicines in the south Brazil." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2255/document.
Full textSouthern Brazil is an agricultural region that is experiencing a strong growth in both cereal and animal production. The intensification of agricultural practices as well as the growing urbanization in this region also generates a strong anthropic pressure for the aquatic environments and the soils. This work aims to better understand the impact of use and release of pharmaceutical compounds (human or veterinary) on rivers and soils through the example of the Rio Guaporé watershed. Soil studies have shown contamination by pharmaceutical compounds in agricultural areas where spreading of manure appears to be an important source of contamination and antibiotic resistance genes. The molecules detected vary according to the type of land use and the spreading. The significant erosion of soils in this region and their leaching by rainfall can then promote the transport of these contaminants to aquatic environments. The study of aquatic environments, through epilithic biofilm and POCIS, showed that areas with the highest agricultural production are the most contaminated. However, high contamination by urban areas has also been highlighted. These results are related to the absence of urban sanitation networks in this region. The nature and extent of contamination are influenced by seasonal variations. The use of sucralose and carbamazepine as tracers of anthropogenic activity proved promising, as was the use of biofilms and POCIS as samplers
O sul do Brasil é uma área agrícola, que tem experimentado forte crescimento de sua produção tanto animal quanto grãos. A intensificação das práticas agrícolas assim como o aumento da urbanização na região greram alta pressão antropica nos ambientes aquáticos e nos solos. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de melhor entender o impacto relacionado com o uso e a descarga de compostos farmacêuticos (humano ou veterinário) nos rios e solos através do exemplo da bacia hridrografica do Rio Guaporé. O estudo do solo mostrou contaminação das áreas agricolas por produtos farmacêuticos, onde a utilização de estrume está emergindo como uma importante fonte de contaminação e genes de resistência a antibióticos. As moléculas detectadas variaram dependendo do tipo de uso do solo e do tipo de esterco usado como fertilizantes. A erosão significativa sofrida pelos solos nesta região e sua lixiviação podem, então, promover o transporte destes contaminantes até ambientes aquáticos. O estudo dos ambientes aquáticos através de biofilmes epilíticos e amostradores passivos (POCIS), mostraram que áreas de maior produção agrícola são os mais contaminados. Também foi destacada a elevada contaminação causada peals áreas urbanas. Estes resultados devem estar relacionados com a falta de saneamento urbano na região. A natureza e extensão da contaminação são influenciados por variações sazonais. Além disso, a utilização de sucralose e carbamazepina como traçadores de atividade antrópica em biofilmes e POCIS provou ser promissor
Fougerat, Alain. "Influence d'additifs alimentaires et d'antibiotiques utilisés en alimentation animale sur la méthanisation des lisiers de porc." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO11730.
Full textGoulas, Anaïs. "Devenir et biodisponibilité des antibiotiques entrant dans les sols agricoles lors du recyclage des matières fertilisantes d'origine résiduaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA034/document.
Full textAntibiotics are chronically introduced in soils through the application of exogenous organic matter (EOM) such as manure or sewage sludge. The environmental dissemination of these pollutants presents a long-term risk for health particularly due to the acquisition of antibiotic resistances. The origin and the properties of EOM can influence the antibiotic behavior in soils. This behavior and the potential impact on living-organisms depends on the antibiotic (bio)availability. Few data about the antibiotic bioavailability in soils exist and increasing knowledge is conditioned by the development of extraction and analytical methods for molecules at low concentrations in complex organomineral matrices. This research work focuses on the link between the MAFOR type, the behavior and the bioavailability of antibiotics in soils, and their impacts on soil microorganisms. Chemical methods were developed to assess the(bio)availability and the behavior of two antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin) and some transformation products in EOM-amended soils incubated in controlled conditions. A modelling approach was used to describe the behavior of sulfamethoxazole and its main metabolite in soils as a function of the organic matter evolution; the modelling results suggest that co-metabolism was responsible for the molecule mineralization and the formation of biogenic non-extractable residues. Finally chemical data were confronted to biological measures: the (bio)availability of antibiotics estimated through different aqueous extractions was related to their biodegradation by adapted soil microorganisms or to their toxicity on soil microbial activities. Original results were obtained in this work and will be useful to assess the risk related to the antibiotic dispersion in the environment
Parent, Élizabeth. "Détermination quantitative d'antibiotiques (chlortétracycline, oxytétracycline, tylosine) dans quelques types de fumiers de ferme enrichis artificiellement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26454/26454.pdf.
Full textBadau, Estera-Tabita. "De la mise à l’épreuve de l’alimentation par l’antibiorésistance au développement des concepts sans antibiotique et One Health ˸ publicisation et communication en France et aux États-Unis." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA039.
Full textIn a cross-country perspective between France and the United States, this research analyses the process of publicizing the links between antibiotic resistance and food, as well as its contribution to the development of the antibiotic free production and the implementation of the One Health approach. Starting with the awareness of the antibiotic use in livestock consequences, the study relies on the pragmatist approach of the constitution of the public problems. It is based on wide corpora composed by documents published between 1980 and 2016 (written press, institutional literature and semi-directive interviews). The analysis method uses textometric tools derived from discourse analysis and focuses on the emergence of formulas that name the problem, its causes and its solutions. The comparison uncovers an opposite process between the two countries. In France, this process is part of a top-down approach and is characterized by a late publicization following the European and international health authorities’ initiatives. The consumer associations taking over the problem, as well as the agri-food actors’ commitment to the antibiotic free production, is very recent. In the United States, this process reveals a bottom-up model following a non-governmental organizations public constitution taking over the problem. Their mobilization has contributed to the development of the antibiotic free breeding programs, as well as to place the problem on the government agenda that launched a national plan in a One Health approach
Demers, Mathieu Véronique. "Activité antimicrobienne d'un extrait peptidique issus d'un hydrolysat trypsique de protéines de lactosérum." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28671/28671.pdf.
Full textBador, Julien. "Résistance aux antibiotiques par mécanisme d'efflux chez Achromobacter xylosoxidans." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00990010.
Full textTargant, Hayette. "L'îlot de multirésistance aux antibiotiques, Salmonella Genomic Island 1 (SGI1) : variabilité, diffusion inter - espèces et implication dans la virulence." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00709306.
Full textMoroh, Jean-luc Aboya. "Résistance bactérienne et phytomolécules antimicrobiennes issues de Morinda morindoides." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935393.
Full textDeredjian, Amélie. "Les métaux lourds dans les écosystèmes anthropisés : une pression favorisant la sélection de pathogènes opportunistes résistants à des antibiotiques ?" Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834182.
Full textLecoq, Lauriane. "Etudes par RMN des L,D-transpeptidases bactériennes : structure, dynamique et compréhension de leur inhibition par les beta-lactames." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819829.
Full textNhim, Cathy. "Identification de lymphocytes T spécifiques des médicaments chez des individus non allergiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769921.
Full textDaddi, Oubekka Samia. "Dynamique réactionnelle d'antibiotiques au sein des biofilms de Staphylococcus aureus : apport de la microscopie de fluorescence multimodale." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713410.
Full textFigueiredo, Samy. "Acinetobacter spp. et réservoir de gènes de carbapénèmases." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743039.
Full textMoussaoui, Louardi. "Applications de la spectrométrie de masse type MALDI-TOF à la bactériologie et à la distinction de variants génétiques." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872251.
Full textAslam, Rizwan. "Les peptides antimicrobiens dérivés de la chromogranine A et Staphylococcus aureus : de l'analyse de l'interaction hôte-pathogène au développement de revêtement de polymère antimicrobien." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059511.
Full textNguon, Rith Soulyvane. "Facteurs agro-environnementaux associés à la résistance antimicrobienne d'Escherichia coli dans l'eau potable des puits du sud de l'Ontario." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7196.
Full textParent, Eric. "Caractérisation et évaluation de la virulence de souches cliniques de Clostridium perfringens chez le poulet à griller élevé sans antibiotique." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13379.
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